2 - Water A Very Unusual Liquid

WATER
y unusual Li
ver qui
A d
Water is an essential
substance of life
TIVITIE
AC S
ACTIVITY 1
1. Fill a small glass jar all the way to the top with water.
2. What do you think would happen if you were to add

twenty-five centavo coins to it?
3. Try adding coins one at a time. What happens to the

water in the cup?
4. How many coins can you add without causing the

water to overflow?
ACTIVITY2
1. Put some water in your cup.
2. Sprinkle black pepper all over the surface.

What does the pepper do?
3. Add a drop of dish soap to the water. What

does the pepper do?
1 SOLID
LIQUID
2
3 GAS
1 SOLID STATE (ICE)
Water is one of the few substances

whose solid state can float on its
liquid state! When freezing, molecules
within water begin to move around
more slowly, making it easier for
them to form hydrogen bonds and
eventually arrange themselves into
an open crystalline, hexagonal
structure. Because of this open
structure as the water molecules are
being held further apart, the volume
of water increases about 9%.
(LIQUID WATER) LIQUID STATE
2
Water is liquid at room
temperature so it's able to move
around quicker than it is as
solid, enabling the molecules to
form fewer hydrogen bonds
resulting in the molecules being
packed more closely together.
(STEAM) GAS STATE
3
As water boils, its hydrogen
bonds are broken. Steam
particles move very far apart
and fast, so barely any
hydrogen bonds have the time
to form. So, less and less
hydrogen bonds are present as
the particles reach the critical
point above steam.
olecular for
erm ce
t of
in
WATER
1 HYDROGEN BONDS
2 DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE FORCES
3 LONDON DISPERSION FORCES

HYDROGEN BONDS
1
Hydrogen bonds are attractions of
electrostatic force caused by the difference
in charge between slightly positive
hydrogen ions and other, slightly negative
ions. In the case of water, hydrogen bonds
form between neighboring hydrogen and
oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules.

LONDON DISPERSION FORCES OR

DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE FORCES 2&3
Since water has hydrogen bonds, it also

has dipole-induced dipole and London
dispersion forces. In the case of water,
hydrogen bonds form between
neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms
of adjacent water molecules.
LONDON DISPERSION FORCES OR

DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE FORCES 2&3

ue properties
niq of
u
WATER
1 WATER IS A GOOD SOLVENT
A unique property of water is its ability to dissolve

a large variety of chemical substances. It dissolves
salts and other ionic compounds, as well as polar
covalent compounds such as alcohol and organic
substances that are capable of forming hydrogen
bonds with water. Generally speaking, water is
good at dissolving ions and polar molecules, but
poor at dissolving nonpolar molecules.
2 WATER HAS A HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT
Specific heat is the amount of heat or energy needed to raise the

temperature of one gram of a substance by 1°C. The specific heat
of water is 1 calorie/g-°C (4.18 J/g-°C), one of the highest for many
liquids. Water can absorb a large amount of heat even if its
temperature rises only slightly. To raise the temperature of the
water, the intermolecular hydrogen bonds should break.
It takes about 4.5 times greater amount of energy to heat up

water than an equal amount of land. Hence, large bodies of water
heat up and cool down more slowly than adjacent land masses.

3 BOILING POINT OF WATER IS HIGH
Many compounds similar in mass to

water have much lower boiling points.
The strong intermolecular forces in
water allow it to be a liquid at a large
range of temperatures.
4 WATER HAS COHESIVE AND ADHESIVE
PROPERTIES
Water molecules have strong cohesive forces due

to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one
another. Cohesive forces are responsible for
surface tension, the tendency of a liquid’s surface
to resist rupture when placed under tension or
stress. Water also has adhesive properties that
allow it to stick to substances other than itself.
5 SOLID WATER IS LESS DENSE, THUS, IT
FLOATS ON WATER
Unlike all other liquids, the molecules in solid

water are actually farther apart than they are in
liquid water. When solid water forms, the
hydrogen bonds result in a very open structure
with unoccupied spaces, causing the solid to
occupy a larger volume than the liquid. This makes
ice less dense than liquid water, causing ice to
float on water.
ank you
h
t

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WATER

2. What do you think would happen if you were to add

3. Try adding coins one at a time. What happens to the

4. How many coins can you add without causing the

2. Sprinkle black pepper all over the surface.

3. Add a drop of dish soap to the water. What

Water is one of the few substances

2 DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE FORCES

3 LONDON DISPERSION FORCES

LONDON DISPERSION FORCES OR

DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE FORCES 2&3

Since water has hydrogen bonds, it also

DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE FORCES 2&3

A unique property of water is its ability to dissolve

Specific heat is the amount of heat or energy needed to raise the

It takes about 4.5 times greater amount of energy to heat up

3 BOILING POINT OF WATER IS HIGH

Many compounds similar in mass to

Water molecules have strong cohesive forces due

Unlike all other liquids, the molecules in solid

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