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    Python 12

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    Hemang
    The document discusses classes and objects in Python. It explains that a class describes the form and functionality of objects created from it, with form being properties and functionality being methods. Classes bundle data and methods together. Multiple objects can be created from a single class. The document also covers initializing objects, accessing attributes, and using special methods like __init__() and __del__(). It distinguishes between instance variables/methods that are part of each object, and class variables/methods that are shared among all objects of a class.

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    Python 12

    Uploaded by

    Hemang
    18 views11 pages
    The document discusses classes and objects in Python. It explains that a class describes the form and functionality of objects created from it, with form being properties and functionality being methods. Classes bundle data and methods together. Multiple objects can be created from a single class. The document also covers initializing objects, accessing attributes, and using special methods like __init__() and __del__(). It distinguishes between instance variables/methods that are part of each object, and class variables/methods that are shared among all objects of a class.

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    The document discusses classes and objects in Python. It explains that a class describes the form and functionality of objects created from it, with form being properties and functionality being methods. Classes bundle data and methods together. Multiple objects can be created from a single class. The document also covers initializing objects, accessing attributes, and using special methods like __init__() and __del__(). It distinguishes between instance variables/methods that are part of each object, and class variables/methods that are shared among all objects of a class.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views11 pages

    Python 12

    Uploaded by

    Hemang
    The document discusses classes and objects in Python. It explains that a class describes the form and functionality of objects created from it, with form being properties and functionality being methods. Classes bundle data and methods together. Multiple objects can be created from a single class. The document also covers initializing objects, accessing attributes, and using special methods like __init__() and __del__(). It distinguishes between instance variables/methods that are part of each object, and class variables/methods that are shared among all objects of a class.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Classes and Objects

    Python
    Programming
    Dr. Emmanuel S. Pilli
    Associate Professor, CSE
    Programming Paradigms
     Python supports three types of Programming Paradigms

     Structured Programming
     Functional Programming
     Object Oriented Programming
    Classes and Objects
     Object is a specific instance of a Class
     Class describes two things
     Form an object created from it will take
     Functionality it will have
     Form is often termed as properties (attributes) and
    Functionality is termed as methods
     Class bundles data (properties) and functionality together
    Classes and Objects
     Properties will have values (data members) and methods
    (member functions) can access or manipulate the values
     Class is generic in nature and Object is specific in nature
     Multiple Objects can be created from a single class
     Every type is a class – int, float, complex, bool, str, list,
    tuple, set, dict are all classes
    Classes and Objects
     Class has a name but Objects are nameless. The names by
    which objects are referred are addresses of memory
    where the object is stored.
     Specific data in an object is called instance data /
    properties / attributes / state of the object
     Methods of an object are called instance methods or
    member functions
    User defined Classes
     Python permits users to create their own classes and
    then create objects from them
     The class statement creates a new class definition.
     The name of the class immediately follows the keyword
    class followed by a colon
    class ClassName:
     The nameless objects are created by the statement
    objectName = ClassName( )
     The address of the object is stored in objectName
    Accessing Attributes
     Object contains instance data and instance methods
     Objects method can be called using
    objectName.method()
     Whenever we call an instance method using an object,
    address of the object gets passed to the method
    implicitly, and get is collected in a variable called self
     Using the address of the object present in self the
    object’s instance data is selected. Any other variable
    name can also be used in place of self
    Object Initialization
     There are two ways
     Using methods or member functions (assign as in
    example shown in Notebook). Data remains protected
    from manipulation from outside the class
     Using special method __init( )__ (constructor
    method). This guarantees initialization as __init( )__
    is always called when an object is created.
    __init__( )
     Whenever an object is created, space so allocated for it in
    memory and __init__( ) is called and addresses is passed
    to __init__( )
     __init__( ) does not return any value
     If __init__( ) is not defined, Python inserts a default
    method in our class
     __init__( ) is only called once in the entire lifetime of an
    object
     A class may have a __init__( ) and a member function to
    modify an initialized object
    __del__ ( )
     __del__( ) method gets called automatically when an
    object goes out of scope
     __del__( ) method should be used in clean up
    activity
     __del__( ) method is similar to destructor functions
    Class Variables and Methods
     If a variable is to be shared among all objects of a class, a class
    variable or class attribute is declared.
     A class variable is declared without using self
     Class variables are not part of the objects of a class
     Class variables are accessed using
    ClassName.variableName
     Class methods do not receive a self argument
     Class methods are accessed using
    ClassName.methodName( )
     Class variables are used to count how many objects are created

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