Science Chapter 6 Periodic Table

Chapter 6
Periodic Table
Prepared by:
MUHAMMAD ALIF ISKANDAR BIN
HASLAN FADLI
MUHAMMAD FAAIQ BIN DANISH SUFIAN
6.1
CLASSIFICATION
OF ELEMENT
WHAT IS AN ELEMENT ?
AN ELEMENT IS THE SIMPLEST FORM OF SUBSTANCE. IT CANNOT BE DIVIDED TO
TWO OR MORE SIMPLER SUBSTANCES. THERE IS ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM IN AN
ELEMENT.
IRON,OXYGEN,HYDROGEN,ALUMINIUM,CARBON AND COPPER ARE ELEMENTS.
OXYGEN IS THE MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS THAT EXISTS ON EARTH.
H H O
O
O
O
H H
O
O
Hydrogen
Oxygen Tank
Tank
WHAT IS COMPOUND ?
A COMPOUND CONSISTS OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS
COMBINED CHEMICALLY. IT IS PRODUCED FROM A CHEMICAL
REACTION. COMPOUNDS CAN BE PRODUCED IN THE
LABORATORY OR IN A NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. EXAMPLES
OF COMPOUNDS ARE ALUMINIUM OXIDE,ZINC SULPHIDE,IRON
CHLORIDE,SUGAR,WATER,SALT.
Elements in the
Elements in the compound : compound :
Sodium and Chlorine Carbon , Hydrogen and
Oxygen
Salt
Sugar
PERIODIC TABLE
ATOM AND MOLECULE
AN ATOM CONSISTS OF THREE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES, WHICH ARE PROTONS,NEUTRONS
AND ELECTRONS. PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE INSIDE THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM, WHILE
THE ELECTRONS CIRCLE AROUND THE NUCLEUS.
THE STRUCTURE OF
ATOM PARTICLE WITH
POSITIVE CHARGE
NEUTRAL PARTICLE WITH

NO CHARGE
PARTICLE WITH
NEGATIVE CHARGE
THE NUCLEUS HAS AN OVERALL POSITIVE CHARGE DUE TO THE POSITIVELY –
CHARGED PROTONS IN IT. THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM IS EQUAL
TO THE NUMBER OF PROTONS. THUS, AN ATOM IS NEUTRAL.
METALS NON - METALS
1) ALUMINIUM 1) IODINE
 MALLEABLE  BLACK CRYSTAL
 STRONG AND LIGHT  POISONOUS
 GREY AND SHINY  ANTI SEPTIC
2) IRON
2) CHLORINE
 STRONG
 MALLEABLE
 GREENISH YELLOW GAS
 MAGNETIC SUBSTANCE
 BLEACHING
 A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR  POISONOUS
 GREY 3)SULPHUR
 YELLOW POWDER
3)COPPER  POISONOUS
 STRONG
4)CARBON
 RUSTPROOF
 DUCTILE (BENDS EASILY)  BLACK
 A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR  SMOOTH
 BROWN  LIGHT
 THE ONLY NON – METAL ELEMENT THAT
4)ZINC CAN CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
 STRONG
 GREY
 A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR
6.2 Mixtures
Definition of mixtures
• consist of two or more elements or compounds
mixed physically
• Examples of mixture:
- Air batu campur
- Burger
- Hotdog
- Cocktail
Methods to separate mixture
• If the mixture is formed physically, it can also be separated
physically
• Method to separate mixture is shown as below
- filtration
- distillation
- separation using magnet
- sedimentation
- floatation
- chromatography
- sieving
filtration
Method used to separate an insoluble
solid from a mixture of solid and liquid.
distillation
• Method used to
separate a completely
miscible liquid-liquid
mixture that have
different boiling points
Separation using magnet
• Magnetic attraction can be used to

separate two solid mixtures in which one
of the substances is magnetic while the
other is not
• Iron, nickel and cobalt are example of
magnetic metals.
• Gold, bronze and aluminum are
examples of non-magnetic metals.
Sedimentation
• When sand is poured into a beaker filled with water, two

layers will form in which water is at the upper layer and
the sand is deposited at the base of the beaker.
• Sand is not soluble in water and has higher density.
Therefore, sedimentation method is used to separate a
liquid and insoluble solid mixture
Floatation
• Used to separate soluble and insoluble
materials in water
• For example, oil has lower density than
water
• Therefore, oil will float on the water
surface. A separating funnel can be
used to separate the water and the oil
Chromatography
6.3
Compounds
Definition of compound
• Consist of two or more elements mixed
chemically
• Has specific characteristic for each compound
• Water is a basic example of compound
• There are metals that would react when
Combination combined chemically with non-metal
element
between metal and • Magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper
non metal
are the example of metals that will react
when combined with non-metal(oxygen)
• The example of the compound created can
be seen from the table.
Alkali • Alkali compound is created by mixing
compound
metals that will react with water
• Alkali compound releasee hydrogen gas
• Lithium, sodium and potassium is classified
as alkali metals
Iron and
Sulphur
powder will
form iron
sulphide
when heated.
Methods to separate compounds
• Compounds cannot be
separated physically like
mixture because elements in
a compound are bonded
chemically
• Compound can only be separated
by electrolysis
• Electrolysis is a chemical
decomposition of a compound to
its elements by passing an electric
current through the compound.
• Physical change does not • Chemical change forms a
Difference form a new substance new substance which is
different from its original
between • example: ice melting, water
freezing, water boiling
substance
physical and • Examples: rusting of iron,
photosynthesis, decaying
chemical of leaf and cell respiration
change
Comparison
between
physical and
chemical
change
Mixtures Comparisons Compounds
No Formation of new substance Yes
No Chemical bond Yes
Physical Separation method Chemical
Same Properties of new substance compared to the Different

original
Difference beween mixtures

and compound

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Chapter 6

NEUTRAL PARTICLE WITH

• Magnetic attraction can be used to

• When sand is poured into a beaker filled with water, two

No Chemical bond Yes

Physical Separation method Chemical

Same Properties of new substance compared to the Different

Difference beween mixtures

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