I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n

ITU-T K.70
TELECOMMUNICATION Amendment 1
STANDARDIZATION SECTOR
OF ITU (12/2021)

SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE

Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to

EMFs in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations
Amendment 1: Appendix I – Software
"EMF-estimator" v8.0.32 and v8.64

Recommendation ITU-T K.70 (2020) – Amendment 1

 Recommendation ITU-T K.70

Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs

in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations

Amendment 1

Appendix I – Software "EMF-estimator" v8.0.32 and v8.64

Summary
The EMF-estimator software that is Appendix I of Recommendation ITU-T K.70 uses Microsoft
Access databank for the collection of input and output data. As various versions of Microsoft Access
exist, different installation procedures need to be used to obtain a software that operates properly on a
dedicated PC. Amendment 1 to Recommendation ITU-T K.70 adds clause I.10 to clarify the
installation procedure.

History
Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID*
1.0 ITU-T K.70 2007-06-29 5 11.1002/1000/9140
1.1 ITU-T K.70 (2007) Amd.1 2009-05-29 5 11.1002/1000/10036
1.2 ITU-T K.70 (2007) Amd.2 2011-05-05 5 11.1002/1000/11351
1.3 ITU-T K.70 (2007) Amd.3 2013-02-07 5 11.1002/1000/11906
1.4 ITU-T K.70 (2007) Amd.4 2014-12-19 5 11.1002/1000/12441
1.5 ITU-T K.70 (2007) Amd. 5 2016-04-27 5 11.1002/1000/12978
2.0 ITU-T K.70 2018-01-13 5 11.1002/1000/13448
2.1 ITU-T K.70 (2018) Amd. 1 2018-05-25 5 11.1002/1000/13647
2.2 ITU-T K.70 (2018) Amd. 2 2018-09-21 5 11.1002/1000/13791
3.0 ITU-T K.70 2020-12-14 5 11.1002/1000/14568
3.1 ITU-T K.70 (2020) Amd. 1 2021-12-10 5 11.1002/1000/14880

* To access the Recommendation, type the URL http://handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web
browser, followed by the Recommendation's unique ID. For example, http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11
830-en.

Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021) i

 FOREWORD
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical,
operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing
telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes
the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics.
The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.
In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards are
prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.

NOTE
In this Recommendation, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a
telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.
Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain
mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the
Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words "shall" or some other
obligatory language such as "must" and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of
such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve
the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or
applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of
the Recommendation development process.
As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected
by patents/software copyrights, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However,
implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged
to consult the appropriate ITU-T databases available via the ITU-T website at http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/.

© ITU 2022
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior
written permission of ITU.

ii Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021)

 Table of Contents
Page
Amendment 1 – Appendix I – Software "EMF-estimator" v8.0.32 and v8.64 ........................ i
I.1 Applicability of the EMF-estimator ............................................................... 1
I.2 Typical situation ............................................................................................. 2
I.3 Software description ....................................................................................... 2
I.4 Compliance distances ..................................................................................... 5
I.5 Coefficient concerning transmitter power ...................................................... 5
I.6 Library – radiation patterns of the antenna systems ....................................... 6
I.7 Examples of calculations ................................................................................ 6
I.8 Additional comments...................................................................................... 6
I.9 System requirements ...................................................................................... 6
I.10 Installation procedure ..................................................................................... 6

Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021) iii

Recommendation ITU-T K.70

Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs

in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations

Amendment 1

Appendix I – Software "EMF-estimator" v8.0.32 and v8.64

(This appendix does not form an integral part of this Recommendation.)

The EMF-estimator software has been developed to support the application of the methods described
in this Recommendation. It may help to make an estimation of the cumulative exposure in the vicinity
of transmitting stations in the case of many different transmitting systems operating at different
frequencies. The EMF-estimator is one of the available programs that may be used for that purpose.
This software is not intended to be used, and in fact cannot be used, for any certification procedure
of the transmitting equipment.

I.1 Applicability of the EMF-estimator

The EMF-estimator software uses the point source model (described in clause 6.3) and exploits the
radiation patterns contained in the attached library or introduced by the user. The radiation pattern
may have a full, two-variable 3D form f(,) (a function of azimuth and elevation angles) or may be
represented by the horizontal and vertical radiation patterns HRP() and VRP(). The credibility of
the calculation is strongly affected by the model used and depends on the region under investigation
and available data concerning a transmitting antenna and operating channels (carriers).
Generally, the results of calculations are adequate in the far-field region and give acceptable results
in most of the radiating near-field region. Depending on the direction, one may expect an
overestimation or underestimation of the field in the radiating near-field region. The EMF-estimator
should not be used for calculations in the reactive near-filed region because the models on which it is
based are too simple to describe correctly the real conditions determining the EMFs distribution, so
for this region the results are not presented by the software.
The calculations are more credible if a full radiation pattern f(,) is used. Sufficiently good
estimations are also achieved if horizontal and vertical radiation patterns HRP() and VRP() are
applied. The influence of the radiation pattern and, consequently, the importance of the exactness of
its knowledge grows with increasing transmitting antenna gain.
As from version v6.0 the cylindrical antenna model has been included, which allows for substantial
reduction of the area excluded from calculations, however with a higher level of overestimation.
In the EMF-estimator package, the library is included, containing examples of the radiation pattern
for many typical radiocommunication and broadcast services. One should note, however, that if the
radiation patterns are used for antennas that are only similar to those in operation, the results of the
calculations should be regarded as an estimation only. In many practical cases in which radiation
levels are far under the limits, such estimation can be sufficient.
The input data for the EMF-estimator contains the operating frequency and the size of each
transmitting antenna. Based on these data, the area around an object is split into regions of the field.
For the area very close to the transmitting antennas, appropriate information appears on the screen.
In practice, only the area in very close proximity to the transmitting antenna (people do not usually
have access to this area) cannot be analyzed with the use of the EMF-estimator.

Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021) 1

The EMF-estimator evaluates:
• electric field strength;
• magnetic field strength;
• the equivalent plane-wave power flux-density;
• near- and far-field region distances;
• compliance distances (for general public and occupational exposure);
• cumulative exposure coefficients Wt and We;
• charts with reference levels as functions of the distance;
• reference levels related to the ICNIRP limits.
The program uses a library of the radiation patterns for typical antenna systems, but it is possible to
introduce user-prepared data concerning the transmitting antenna radiation pattern.
The accuracy of the results of calculations is strongly affected by the accuracy of the input data
concerning the transmitting equipment (mainly transmitting antennas). The problem is that in many
cases the data, especially concerning the radiation patterns, are not available or are known with
limited accuracy.

I.2 Typical situation

Figure I.1 explains some terms used in the EMF-estimator.

Figure I.1 – Explanation of some terms used in the EMF-estimator

I.3 Software description

Figure I.2 shows the main screen of the EMF-estimator. It consists of three tabs. In the "Radiation
sources" tab there are names and input data concerning each operating frequency. On this page, one
can choose the antenna system radiation pattern. If the blank field is chosen, then the HRP and VRP
for each observation point have to be introduced manually. If no information is available concerning
the transmitting radiation pattern, the "isotropic" radiation pattern may be used, but this will lead to
an overestimation of the field, growing with the antenna gain. It is also possible to choose the 3D
radiation pattern.
The "Source – XXX" tab (Figure I.4) shows results of calculations for the XXX source of radiation
(operating frequency). There is also a button on this screen that allows for the visualization of the
distribution of the equivalent plane-wave power density, produced at a chosen operating frequency,
as a function of the distance along an observation line defined by the user.

2 Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021)

The "Antenna orientation and calculations" Tab (Figure I.3) is designed to input the location of each
transmitting antenna and the parameters of the user-defined observation points line. The data have to
be introduced in the respective blank spaces.
The main toolbar allows users to input options such as: open/save project, import new radiation
pattern, add/remove sources, print, chart with the ICNIRP reference limits and cumulative exposure,
which makes possible the calculation of the cumulative exposure for all the sources introduced in the
project (see the main toolbar).

Figure I.2 – Main screen of the EMF-estimator with "Radiating sources" tab opened

Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021) 3

 Figure I.3 – Screen of the EMF-estimator with "Antenna
orientation and calculations" tab opened

Figure I.4 – Screen of the EMF-estimator with "Source – XXX" tab opened

4 Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021)

 Figure I.5 – Screen of the EMF-estimator – the results of the cumulative
exposure calculations

It should be noted that the results of the calculations are strongly affected by the accuracy of the input
data and the limitations of the model. Since the radiation patterns are given on the one-degree lattice,
the curves may not be smooth for very high gain antennas because, for quickly varying functions, a
one-degree step can be too big.

I.4 Compliance distances

The "Source – XXX" tab also presents the results of the calculation of the compliance distances. If
the distance is greater than 0.6×D2/ then the results are shown. If it is smaller, then the
overestimating value is shown, i.e., the lower value of the two: at the distances 0.6×D2/ and at
distance at which the radiation limit is achieved under the assumption of isotropic radiation pattern
(f(,) = 1). It should be noted that, in some cases, such an overestimation may be quite big.

I.5 Coefficient concerning transmitter power

An additional explanation is needed for the parameter "Type of service coefficient – nominal/mean
transmitter power". This parameter is required because in many cases the nominal (rated) transmitter
power (known for the user) is different from the mean transmitter power (required in the formula for
the rms electric field strength calculation). After choosing the type of service, the nominal transmitter
power will be automatically multiplied by a suitable coefficient. Table B.1 contains the coefficients
for the most commonly used types of radiocommunication services.

Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021) 5

I.6 Library – radiation patterns of the antenna systems
In the folder "Library", the files containing radiation patterns for some typical antenna systems used
in radiocommunication and broadcasting are collected. There are patterns for FM, TV VHF, TV UHF,
GSM 900, GSM 1800, AM and radio relay link antennas. Of course, this library contains only
examples of possible configurations of antennas and antenna systems that are in use worldwide. It
should be noted that each broadcasting antenna is individually designed and there are no two identical
systems. However, the antennas included in the library represent typical solutions realized in many
telecommunication systems. There is also a subfolder "User input templates" containing
"User_2D_Import_Radiation _Pattern.csv" and "User_3D_Import _Radiation _Pattern.csv" files, in
a format that enables importing user data for any additional antenna, by using the import option of
the EMF-estimator. Such files may then be added to the library and used in the calculations.

I.7 Examples of calculations

Folder "Examples" stores the projects with the results of calculations presented in this
Recommendation. It is possible to open any project and to follow the respective calculations. It is
also possible to introduce changes to observe how these influence the results.

I.8 Additional comments

a) The minimum input data required for the electric field strength calculations are the values of
EIRP (or ERP), operating frequency, size of the antenna and the distance from the
transmitting antenna to the observation point.
b) In many situations there are no data concerning the radiation pattern of the antenna system.
In this case it is reasonable to assume f(,) = 1. It should be noted, however, that the
calculations under such an assumption will give the maximum value of the electric field
strength, i.e., valid only in the direction of the main beam of the antenna (the direction of the
highest radiation level), and some higher values in all the other directions.
c) If there is an access to the data for feeder attenuation and additional losses in the antenna
feeding system, then the results of calculations of the EIRP are more accurate. Otherwise, the
typical value of attenuation should be introduced (in most cases about 3 dB).

I.9 System requirements

• MS Windows XP/7/8/10;
• Microsoft Access (32 or 64-bit).

I.10 Installation procedure

Depending on a version of Microsoft Access installed on the considered PC, a proper version of the
installation file should be used: "Install v8.32" or "Install v.8.1.64". In case of no Microsoft Access
installed, it is advised to use "Install v8.32".
If there is a problem to run EMF-estimator with Access 64 bit – it is caused because
AccessDatabaseEngine is different for the MS Access 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019.
Depending on the user version, the file "AccessDatabaseEngine_X64.exe" should be loaded and
installed using the following links:
1. MS Access 2019: https://www.microsoft.com/pl-pl/download/confirmation.aspx?id=54920
2. MS Access 2016: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=50040
3. MS Access 2013: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=39358
4. MS Access 2010: https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/details.aspx?id=10910
It may be done before or after installing EMF-estimator.

6 Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021)

In some cases it may be also required to install "MSVCR100.DLL" or "VCRUNTIME140.DLL"
available on https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2977003/the-latest-supported-visual-c-
downloads.

Rec. ITU-T K.70 (2020)/Amd.1 (12/2021) 7

 SERIES OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS

Series A Organization of the work of ITU-T

Series D Tariff and accounting principles and international telecommunication/ICT economic and
policy issues

Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors

Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services

Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems

Series I Integrated services digital network

Series J Cable networks and transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia
signals

Series K Protection against interference

Series L Environment and ICTs, climate change, e-waste, energy efficiency; construction, installation
and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant

Series M Telecommunication management, including TMN and network maintenance

Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits

Series O Specifications of measuring equipment

Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks

Series Q Switching and signalling, and associated measurements and tests

Series R Telegraph transmission

Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment

Series T Terminals for telematic services

Series U Telegraph switching

Series V Data communication over the telephone network

Series X Data networks, open system communications and security

Series Y Global information infrastructure, Internet protocol aspects, next-generation networks,

Internet of Things and smart cities

Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems

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Geneva, 2022