Income in the United States: 2021

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September 13, 2022
 Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2021
Income in thousands (2021 R-CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars) Recession
90

80

70
$70,800

60
Real median household
50
$50,800 income was $70,800 in 2021,
40 not statistically different from
30
the 2020 estimate of $71,200.
20

10

0
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2021

Note: Households as of March of the following year. The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated
processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income
rounded to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC). 2
Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2021
(Income in 2021 R-CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars) Recessions
Peak month Year Trough month Year
Year Median Income
November 1948 October 1949
July 1953 May 1954
1967 50,803 August 1957 April 1958
1968 52,992 April 1960 February 1961
1969 54,962 December 1969 November 1970
1970 54,536 November 1973 March 1975
1971 54,006 January 1980 July 1980
1972 56,319 July 1981 November 1982
1973 57,456 July 1990 March 1991
1974 55,636 March 2001 November 2001
1975 54,180 December 2007 June 2009
1976 55,078 February 2020 April 2020
1977 55,427 Source: National Bureau of Economic Research,
1978 57,572 <www.nber.org/research/data/us-business-cycle-expansions-and-
contractions>.
1979 57,462
1980 55,596
1981 54,713
1982 54,564
1983 54,182
1984 55,828
1985 56,871
1986 58,920
1987 59,624
1988 60,115
1989 61,153
1990 60,370
1991 58,607
1992 58,153
1993 57,843
1994 58,515
1995 60,348
1996 61,225
1997 62,484
1998 64,781
1999 66,385
2000 66,248
2001 64,779
2002 64,047
2003 63,967
20041 63,745
2005 64,427
2006 64,930
2007 65,801
2008 63,455
2009 63,011
2010 61,364
2011 60,428
2012 60,313
20132 60,507
20133 62,425
2014 61,468
2015 64,631
2016 66,657
2017 67,832
20174 67,571
2018 68,168
2019 72,808
20205 71,186
2021 70,784
1
The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
2
The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000
addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income
questions were implemented to a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately
68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the
remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is
the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately
68,000 addresses.
3
The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the redesigned income questions,
approximately 30,000 addresses.
4
Implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system.
5
Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in Table A-1 of the report, Income and Poverty in
the United States: 2021, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-276. Information on confidentiality protection,
sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, is available at <www2.census.gov/programs-
surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar22.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
Income and Poverty Estimates
Liana E. Fox
Assistant Division Chief
Economic Characteristics

12
 What is Money Income?

INCLUDES: DOES NOT INCLUDE:

• Wages and earnings • Taxes Paid
• Social Security • Tax Credits
• Unemployment • Stimulus payments
• Retirement • Noncash assistance
• Interest & dividends (SNAP, Medicaid, etc.)
• Public Assistance

Note: Information on money income collected in the CPS ASEC is available in Appendix A "How Income Is Measured“ in
<Income in the United States: 2021>.
13
 Highlights:
Income, earnings, and workers
Between 2020 and 2021:

• Real median household income was not statistically different

• Income inequality as measured by the Gini index, increased by 1.2

percent

• The number of total workers was not statistically different, but there
was an increase of about 11.1 million full-time, year-round workers

• The real median earnings of total workers increased 4.6 percent,

while median earnings of those who worked full-time, year-round
decreased 4.1 percent

Note: Percent changes calculated with unrounded estimates. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar22.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 and 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC). 14
 Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2021
Income in thousands (2021 R-CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars) Recession
90

80

70 $70,800

60

50
$50,800
40

30

20

10

0
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2021
Note: Households as of March of the following year. The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated processing system.
The data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC). 15
Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2021
(Income in 2021 R-CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars) Recessions
Peak month Year Trough month Year
Year Median Income
November 1948 October 1949
July 1953 May 1954
1967 50,803 August 1957 April 1958
1968 52,992 April 1960 February 1961
1969 54,962 December 1969 November 1970
1970 54,536 November 1973 March 1975
1971 54,006 January 1980 July 1980
1972 56,319 July 1981 November 1982
1973 57,456 July 1990 March 1991
1974 55,636 March 2001 November 2001
1975 54,180 December 2007 June 2009
1976 55,078 February 2020 April 2020
1977 55,427 Source: National Bureau of Economic Research,
1978 57,572 <www.nber.org/research/data/us-business-cycle-expansions-and-
contractions>.
1979 57,462
1980 55,596
1981 54,713
1982 54,564
1983 54,182
1984 55,828
1985 56,871
1986 58,920
1987 59,624
1988 60,115
1989 61,153
1990 60,370
1991 58,607
1992 58,153
1993 57,843
1994 58,515
1995 60,348
1996 61,225
1997 62,484
1998 64,781
1999 66,385
2000 66,248
2001 64,779
2002 64,047
2003 63,967
20041 63,745
2005 64,427
2006 64,930
2007 65,801
2008 63,455
2009 63,011
2010 61,364
2011 60,428
2012 60,313
20132 60,507
20133 62,425
2014 61,468
2015 64,631
2016 66,657
2017 67,832
20174 67,571
2018 68,168
2019 72,808
20205 71,186
2021 70,784
1
The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
2
The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000
addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income
questions were implemented to a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately
68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the
remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is
the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the income questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately
68,000 addresses.
3
The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the redesigned income questions,
approximately 30,000 addresses.
4
Implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system.
5
Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in Table A-1 of the report, Income and Poverty in
the United States: 2021, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-276. Information on confidentiality protection,
sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, is available at <www2.census.gov/programs-
surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar22.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
 Real Median Household Income by Race and
Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2021
Income in thousands (2021 R-CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars) Recession
110

100 $101,400
90

80 Asian
$73,700 $78,000
70
Non-Hispanic White
60 $59,900
$58,000
50 Hispanic (any race)
$44,600 $48,300
40

30 Black
$30,800
20

10

0
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2021

Note: Households as of March of the following year. The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated processing system. The
data for 2013 and beyond reflect the implementation of the redesigned income questions. Income rounded to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC). 16
Real Median Household Income by Race 1 and
Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1967 to 2021
(Income in 2021 dollars, adjusted using the R-CPI-U-RS) Recessions
White, not Hispanic
Years All races Black Asian Peak month Year Trough month Year
Hispanic (any race)
1967 50,803 N 30,761 N N November 1948 October 1949
1968 52,992 N 32,536 N N July 1953 May 1954
1969 54,962 N 34,672 N N August 1957 April 1958
1970 54,536 N 34,574 N N April 1960 February 1961
1971 54,006 N 33,368 N N December 1969 November 1970
1972 56,319 59,926 34,487 N 44,587 November 1973 March 1975
1973 57,456 60,746 35,445 N 44,513 January 1980 July 1980
1974 55,636 58,682 34,603 N 44,253 July 1981 November 1982
1975 54,180 57,086 34,014 N 40,704 July 1990 March 1991
1976 55,078 58,873 34,308 N 41,545 March 2001 November 2001
1977 55,427 59,442 34,395 N 43,482 December 2007 June 2009
1978 57,572 60,977 35,967 N 45,109 February 2020 April 2020
1979 57,462 61,096 35,372 N 45,527 Source: National Bureau of Economic Research,
1980 55,596 59,693 33,791 N 42,854 <www.nber.org/research/data/us-business-cycle-expansions-and-
1981 54,713 58,642 32,439 N 43,887 contractions>.

1982 54,564 58,081 32,374 N 41,058

1983 54,182 58,280 32,244 N 41,265
1984 55,828 60,119 33,551 N 42,321
1985 56,871 61,326 35,684 N 42,055
1986 58,920 63,352 35,688 N 43,431
1987 59,624 64,547 35,855 73,728 44,238
1988 60,115 65,302 36,228 71,248 44,954
1989 61,153 65,710 38,256 76,377 46,376
1990 60,370 64,407 37,654 77,522 45,021
1991 58,607 62,881 36,587 70,908 44,143
1992 58,153 63,191 35,601 71,754 42,893
1993 57,843 63,272 36,166 71,000 42,374
1994 58,515 63,706 38,135 73,420 42,477
1995 60,348 65,841 39,657 71,926 40,484
1996 61,225 66,909 40,507 74,653 42,964
1997 62,484 68,516 42,298 76,404 44,962
1998 64,781 70,702 42,234 77,696 47,197
1999 66,385 72,030 45,528 83,128 50,154
2000 66,248 71,979 46,806 87,968 52,329
2001 64,779 71,033 45,208 82,277 51,490
2002 64,047 70,829 43,836 79,477 49,993
2003 63,967 70,552 43,776 82,250 48,726
2
2004 63,745 70,325 43,272 82,681 49,276
2005 64,427 70,627 42,915 84,965 50,020
2006 64,930 70,617 43,064 86,533 50,893
2007 65,801 71,941 44,427 86,589 50,666
2008 63,455 70,049 43,165 82,798 47,826
2009 63,011 68,940 41,247 82,875 48,152
2010 61,364 67,820 40,005 80,023 46,863
2011 60,428 66,897 38,909 78,628 46,629
2012 60,313 67,397 39,393 81,143 46,113
3
2013 60,507 67,882 40,305 78,128 47,720
4
2013 62,425 70,281 41,151 84,324 46,234
2014 61,468 69,027 40,551 85,112 48,676
2015 64,631 71,989 42,196 88,247 51,631
2016 66,657 73,433 44,585 91,938 53,827
2017 67,832 75,318 44,496 89,892 55,800
5
2017 67,571 75,367 43,509 89,960 55,448
2018 68,168 76,220 44,627 94,079 55,513
2019 72,808 80,602 48,153 104,041 59,467
6
2020 71,186 78,912 48,175 99,622 58,015
2021 70,784 77,999 48,297 101,418 57,981
N Not available.
1
Starting with the 2003 CPS ASEC, respondents were allowed to choose more than one race. This table presents the single-race population for 2002 to present. For example
White alone refers to people who reported White and did not report any other race category. For 2001 and earlier years, the CPS allowed respondents to report only one
race group.
2
The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
3
The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses were eligible to receive the
redesigned set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability
split panel design. Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000
addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the income
questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses.
4
The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the redesigned income questions, approximately 30,000 addresses.
5
Estimates reflect the implementation of an updated data processing system, allowing users to evaluate the impact, and should be used to make comparisons to 2018 and
subsequent years.
6
Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, refer to footnotes in Appendix Table A-2 of the report, Income in the United States: 2021, U.S. Census Bureau,
Current Population Reports, P60-276. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar22.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
Median Household Income and Percent Change by Selected
Characteristics: 2020 to 2021

1Householders aged 25 and older.

Note: Households as of March of the following year. Statistically significant indicates the change is statistically different from
zero at the 90 percent confidence level. Income rounded to nearest $100. Percent changes calculated with unrounded
estimates.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 and 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC). 17-21
Table with row headers in column A and column headers in rows 4 through 6
Income Summary Measures by Selected Characteristics: 2020 and 2021
(Income i n 2021 dol l a rs , a djus ted us i ng the R-CPI-U-RS. Hous ehol ds a s of Ma rch of the fol l owi ng yea r. Informa tion on confi dentia l i ty protection, s a mpl i ng error,
nons a mpl i ng error, a nd defi ni tions i s a va i l a bl e a t <https ://www2.cens us .gov/progra ms -s urveys /cps /techdocs /cps ma r22.pdf>)

2020 1 2021 Percent change* in

Median income Median income real median income
Characteristic Number (dollars) Number (dollars) (2021 less 2020)
(thousands) Margin of (thousands) Margin of Margin of
Estimate 2 Estimate 2 Estimate
error (±) error (±) error2 (±)
HOUSEHOLDS
All households 129,244 71,186 921 131,202 70,784 605 -0.6 1.31
Type of Household
Family households 83,711 90,722 894 84,265 91,162 787 0.5 1.15
Nonfamily households 45,533 42,607 676 46,937 41,797 590 *-1.9 1.75
Age of Householder
Under 65 years 94,593 80,456 771 95,370 80,734 613 0.3 1.09
65 years and older 34,651 48,866 976 35,832 47,620 1,037 *-2.6 2.46
Nativity of Householder
Native-born 109,633 72,552 1,022 110,800 71,522 692 *-1.4 1.41
Foreign-born 19,611 65,061 1,052 20,402 66,043 1,494 1.5 2.57
Educational Attainment of Householder
No high school diploma 9,961 31,130 1,098 10,012 30,378 774 -2.4 3.90
High school, no college 31,401 49,965 1,103 32,214 50,401 795 0.9 2.30
Some college 33,434 67,075 1,426 33,791 64,378 1,483 *-4.0 2.59
Bachelor's degree or higher 48,950 112,393 1,692 49,125 115,456 1,771 *2.7 1.94
*An a s teri s k precedi ng a n es tima te i ndi ca tes cha nge i s s tatis tica l l y di fferent from zero a t the 90 percent confi dence l evel .
1
Impl ementation of 2020 Cens us -ba s ed popul a tion control s .
2
A ma rgi n of error (MOE) i s a mea s ure of a n es tima te's va ri a bi l i ty. The l a rger the MOE i n rel a tion to the s i ze of the es tima te, the l es s rel i a bl e the es tima te. Thi s
Note: Infl a tion-a djus ted es tima tes ma y di ffer s l i ghtly from other publ i s hed da ta due to roundi ng.
Source: U.S. Cens us Burea u, Current Popul a tion Survey, 2021 a nd 2022 Annua l Soci a l a nd Economi c Suppl ements (CPS ASEC).
 Gini Index of Money Income: 1967 to 2021
Recession
0.600

0.550

0.500
Gini index 0.494

0.450

0.397
0.400

0.350

0.300
0
1967 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2021

Note: The data for 2017 and beyond reflect the implementation of an updated processing system. The data for 2013 and beyond reflect
the implementation of the redesigned income questions. In 1993, there was a change in data collection methodology.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
22
Gini Index of Money Income: 1967 to 2021
Recessions
Money Income
Year Peak month Year Trough month Year
Gini Index
November 1948 October 1949
1967 0.397 July 1953 May 1954
1968 0.386 August 1957 April 1958
1969 0.391 April 1960 February 1961
1970 0.394 December 1969 November 1970
1971 0.396 November 1973 March 1975
1972 0.401 January 1980 July 1980
1973 0.400 July 1981 November 1982
1974 0.395 July 1990 March 1991
1975 0.397 March 2001 November 2001
1976 0.398 December 2007 June 2009
1977 0.402 February 2020 April 2020
1978 0.402 Source: National Bureau of Economic Research
1979 0.404 Cambridge, MA 02138
1980 0.403 www.nber.org
1981 0.406
1982 0.412
1983 0.414
1984 0.415
1985 0.419
1986 0.425
1987 0.426
1988 0.426
1989 0.431
1990 0.428
1991 0.428
19921 0.433
1993 0.454
1994 0.456
1995 0.450
1996 0.455
1997 0.459
1998 0.456
1999 0.458
2000 0.462
2001 0.466
2002 0.462
2003 0.464
20042 0.466
2005 0.469
2006 0.470
2007 0.463
2008 0.466
2009 0.468
2010 0.470
2011 0.477
2012 0.477
20133 0.476
20134 0.482
2014 0.480
2015 0.479
2016 0.481
2017 0.482
20175 0.489
2018 0.486
2019 0.484
20206 0.488
2021 0.494
1
Change in data collection methodology suggests pre-1993 and post-1992 estimates are not comparable. (See Current Population Reports,
"The Changing Shape of the Nation's Income Distribution: 1947-1998," P60-204, for more details.)
2
The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
3
The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses
were eligible to receive the redesigned set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a
subsample of these 98,000 addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set
of income questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the
redesigned income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the income
questions consistent with the 2013 CPS ASEC, approximately 68,000 addresses.
4
The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the redesigned income questions,
approximately 30,000 addresses.
5
Implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system.
6
Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, refer to footnotes in Appendix Table A-4b of the report, Income in the United
States: 2021, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-276. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error,
nonsampling error, and definitions is available at <https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar22.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
 Percent Changes in Income Distribution Measures Using
Money Income: 2020 to 2021
Percent Change: 2020 to 2021
DISTRIBUTION MEASURES Money Income
20201 2021
Gini index
Money Income 0.488 0.494 1.2*
Post-Tax Income 0.428 0.430

Income percentile limits:

10th
Money Income $16,400 $15,700 -4.4*
Post-tax $18,900 $18,500
th
50 (median)
Money Income $71,200 $70,800 -0.6
Post-tax $66,000 $65,300
90th
Money Income $211,400 $212,000 0.2
Post-tax $165,700 $165,400

1 Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.

* An asterisk indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
Note: Information on money income is available in Appendix A. "How Income Is Measured“ in Income in the United States: 2021. Post-tax income is defined as money
income net of federal and state income taxes and credits, payroll taxes (FICA), and economic impact payments (EIP). Income rounded to nearest $100. Percent changes
calculated with unrounded estimates. 23
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
Percent Changes in Income Distribution Measures Using Money Income: 2020 and 2021
(Informa tion on confi dentia l i ty protection, s a mpl i ng error, nons a mpl i ng error, a nd defi ni tions i s a va i l a bl e a t
<https ://www2.cens us .gov/progra ms -s urveys /cps /techdocs /cps ma r22.pdf>)
Percent change
2020 1 2021
(2021 less 2020)*,3
Measure
Margin of Margin of Margin of
Estimate 2 Estimate 2 Estimate
error (±) error (±) error2 (±)
MONEY INCOME
Summary Measure
Gini index of income inequality 0.488 0.0040 0.494 0.0038 *1.2 0.96
Household income at selected percentiles
10th percentile limit 16,386 400 15,660 488 *-4.4 1.87
50th (median) 71,186 921 70,784 605 -0.6 0.77
90th percentile limit 211,438 2,591 211,956 2,354 0.2 0.81
*An a s teri s k precedi ng a n es tima te i ndi ca tes cha nge i s s tatis tica l l y di fferent from zero a t the 90 percent confi dence l evel .
1
Impl ementation of 2020 Cens us -ba s ed popul a tion control s .
2
A ma rgi n of error (MOE) i s a mea s ure of a n es tima te's va ri a bi l i ty. The l a rger the MOE i n rel a tion to the s i ze of the es tima te, the l es s
rel i a bl e the es tima te. Thi s number, when a dded to a nd s ubtra cted from the es tima te, forms the 90 percent confi dence i nterva l . MOEs
s hown i n thi s tabl e a re ba s ed on s tanda rd errors ca l cul a ted us i ng repl i ca te wei ghts .
3
Ca l cul a ted es tima te ma y be di fferent due to rounded components .
Source: U.S. Cens us Burea u, Current Popul a tion Survey, 2021 a nd 2022 Annua l Soci a l a nd Economi c Suppl ements (CPS ASEC).
 Percent Changes in Income Distribution Measures Using
Money Income and Post-Tax Income: 2020 to 2021
Percent Change: 2020 to 2021 Money Income
DISTRIBUTION MEASURES
20201 2021 Post-tax Income
Gini index
Money Income 0.488 0.494 1.2*
Post-Tax Income 0.428 0.430 0.5

Income percentile limits:

10th
Money Income $16,400 $15,700 -4.4*
Post-tax Income $18,900 $18,500 -2.1
50th (median)
Money Income $71,200 $70,800 -0.6
Post-tax Income $66,000 $65,300 -1.0
90th
Money Income $211,400 $212,000 0.2
Post-tax Income $165,700 $165,400 -0.1

1 Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.

* An asterisk indicates change is statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.
Note: Information on money income is available in Appendix A. "How Income Is Measured“ in Income in the United States: 2021. Post-tax income is defined as money
income net of federal and state income taxes and credits, payroll taxes (FICA), and economic impact payments (EIP). Income rounded to nearest $100. Percent changes
calculated with unrounded estimates. 24
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
Percent Changes in Income Distribution Measures Using Money Income and
Post-Tax Income: 2020 and 2021
(Informa tion on confi dentia l i ty protection, s a mpl i ng error, nons a mpl i ng error, a nd defi ni tions i s a va i l a bl e a t
<https ://www2.cens us .gov/progra ms -s urveys /cps /techdocs /cps ma r22.pdf>)
Percent change
2020 1 2021
(2021 less 2020)*,3
Measure
Margin of Margin of Margin of
Estimate 2 Estimate 2 Estimate
error (±) error (±) error2 (±)
MONEY INCOME
Summary Measure
Gini index of income inequality 0.488 0.0040 0.494 0.0038 *1.2 0.96
Household income at selected percentiles
10th percentile limit 16,386 400 15,660 488 *-4.4 1.87
50th (median) 71,186 921 70,784 605 -0.6 0.77
90th percentile limit 211,438 2,591 211,956 2,354 0.2 0.81
4
POST-TAX INCOME
Summary Measure
Gini index of income inequality 0.428 0.0034 0.430 0.0033 0.5 0.94
Household income at selected percentiles
10th percentile limit 18,893 383 18,504 381 -2.1 1.4
50th (median) 66,008 605 65,345 582 -1.0 0.6
90th percentile limit 165,650 1,959 165,428 1,772 -0.1 0.8
*An a s teri s k precedi ng a n es tima te i ndi ca tes cha nge i s s tatis tica l l y di fferent from zero a t the 90 percent confi dence l evel .
1
Impl ementation of 2020 Cens us -ba s ed popul a tion control s .
2
A ma rgi n of error (MOE) i s a mea s ure of a n es tima te's va ri a bi l i ty. The l a rger the MOE i n rel a tion to the s i ze of the es tima te, the l es s
rel i a bl e the es tima te. Thi s number, when a dded to a nd s ubtra cted from the es tima te, forms the 90 percent confi dence i nterva l . MOEs s hown
i n thi s tabl e a re ba s ed on s tanda rd errors ca l cul a ted us i ng repl i ca te wei ghts .
3
Ca l cul a ted es tima te ma y be di fferent due to rounded components .
4
Pos t-tax i ncome i s defi ned a s money i ncome net of federa l a nd s tate i ncome taxes a nd credi ts , pa yrol l taxes (FICA), economi c i mpa ct
pa yments (EIP), a nd s tate s timul us pa yments . Informa tion on money i ncome col l ected i n the CPS ASEC i s a va i l a bl e i n Appendi x A. "How
Income Is Mea s ured".
Source: U.S. Cens us Burea u, Current Popul a tion Survey, 2021 a nd 2022 Annua l Soci a l a nd Economi c Suppl ements (CPS ASEC).
Median Earnings and Percent Change by Work Status and Sex:
2020 to 2021

Total Workers
Men
Women

Full-time, year-round
Men
Women

Note: People 15 years and older with earnings as of March of the following year. Statistically significant indicates the change is statistically different
from zero at the 90 percent confidence level. Income rounded to nearest $100. Percent changes calculated with unrounded estimates. Total workers
include both part-time and full-time workers. A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked at least 35 hours per week (full-time), and at
least 50 weeks per year (year-round). 25
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 and 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
Median Earnings and Percent Change by Work Status and Sex: 2020 to 2021
(Ea rni ngs i n 2021 dol l a rs , a djus ted us i ng the R-CPI-U-RS. Peopl e 15 yea rs a nd ol der a s of Ma rch of the fol l owi ng yea r wi th
ea rni ngs . Informa tion on confi dentia l i ty protection, s a mpl i ng error, nons a mpl i ng error, a nd defi ni tions i s a va i l a bl e a t
<https ://www2.cens us .gov/progra ms -s urveys /cps /techdocs /cps ma r22.pdf>)
2020 1 2021
Percent change*
Median earnings Median earnings
(2021 less 2020)
Characteristic (dollars) (dollars)
Margin of Margin of Margin of
Estimate 2 Estimate 2 Estimate
error (±) error (±) error2 (±)
PEOPLE WITH EARNINGS
Total Workers 43,461 209 45,470 303 *4.6 0.76
Men 51,446 973 50,983 222 -0.9 1.85
Women 37,527 319 39,201 753 *4.5 2.02

Full-Time, Year-Round Workers 58,897 396 56,473 356 *-4.1 0.74

Men 64,217 296 61,180 294 *-4.7 0.58
Women 53,387 290 51,226 295 *-4.0 0.66
*An a s teri s k precedi ng a n es tima te i ndi ca tes cha nge i s s tatis tica l l y di fferent from zero a t the 90 percent confi dence l evel .
1
Impl ementation of 2020 Cens us -ba s ed popul a tion control s .
2
A ma rgi n of error (MOE) i s a mea s ure of a n es tima te's va ri a bi l i ty. The l a rger the MOE i n rel a tion to the s i ze of the es tima te, the
l es s rel i a bl e the es tima te. Thi s number, when a dded to a nd s ubtra cted from the es tima te, forms the 90 percent confi dence
i nterva l . MOEs s hown i n thi s tabl e a re ba s ed on s tanda rd errors ca l cul a ted us i ng repl i ca te wei ghts .
Note: Infl a tion-a djus ted es tima tes ma y di ffer s l i ghtly from other publ i s hed da ta due to roundi ng.
Source: U.S. Cens us Burea u, Current Popul a tion Survey, 2021 a nd 2022 Annua l Soci a l a nd Economi c Suppl ements (CPS ASEC).
 Workers with Earnings by Sex: 1967 to 2021
Numbers in millions Recession
100

90 88.9 million
80 79.1 million
Male workers
70
Female workers 66.4 million
60

50 51.0 million
Male full-time,
40
year-round workers
30
Female full-time,
20 year-round workers

10

0
1967 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2021
Note: Male and female workers include both part-time and full-time workers. A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked at least 35 hours per
week (full-time), and at least 50 weeks per year (year-round). Workers aged 15 and older as of March of the following year with earnings. Data are for
workers aged 14 and older for years prior to 1980. 26
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
Workers With Earnings by Sex:
1967 to 2021
(Numbers in thousands. People 15 years and older beginning in 1980, and people
14 years and older as of the following year for previous years. Before 1989 civilian
workers only.)

Total Workers Full-Time, Year-Round Workers Recessions

Years Peak month Year Trough month Year
Males Females Males Females
November 1948 October 1949
1959 N N N N July 1953 May 1954
1960 N N N N August 1957 April 1958
1961 N N N N April 1960 February 1961
1962 N N N N December 1969 November 1970
1963 N N N N November 1973 March 1975
1964 N N N N January 1980 July 1980
1965 N N N N July 1981 November 1982
1966 N N N N July 1990 March 1991
1967 53,222 34,391 36,645 14,846 March 2001 November 2001
1968 54,026 35,695 37,068 15,013 December 2007 June 2009
1969 55,273 37,737 37,008 15,374 February 2020 April 2020
1970 55,821 38,273 36,132 15,476 Source: National Bureau of Economic Research
1971 56,886 38,485 36,819 16,002 Cambridge, MA 02138
1972 57,774 39,470 38,184 16,675 www.nber.org
1973 59,438 41,583 39,581 17,195
1974 59,866 42,854 37,916 16,945
1975 59,268 42,926 37,267 17,452
1976 60,450 44,565 38,184 18,073
1977 61,704 46,194 39,263 19,238
1978 62,903 48,398 41,036 20,914
1979 64,648 50,897 42,437 22,082
1980 64,730 51,448 41,881 22,859
1981 65,233 51,940 41,773 23,329
1982 64,730 51,820 40,105 23,702
1983 65,138 53,108 41,528 25,166
1984 66,454 55,226 43,808 26,466
1985 67,809 56,296 44,943 27,383
1986 68,728 57,686 45,912 28,420
1987 69,545 59,359 47,013 29,912
1988 70,467 60,658 48,285 31,237
1989 72,045 61,338 49,678 31,340
1990 72,348 61,732 49,171 31,682
1991 72,040 61,796 47,888 32,436
1992 73,120 62,408 48,551 33,241
1993 73,198 63,660 49,818 33,524
1994 74,264 64,706 51,580 34,155
1995 74,619 65,557 52,667 35,482
1996 76,121 66,661 53,787 36,430
1997 76,694 67,736 54,909 37,683
1998 77,295 68,846 56,951 38,785
1999 79,322 71,053 58,299 40,871
2000 80,494 71,657 59,602 41,719
2001 80,209 71,232 58,712 41,639
2002 80,500 71,411 58,761 41,876
2003 80,508 71,372 58,772 41,908
20041 81,448 71,930 60,088 42,380
2005 82,934 72,476 61,500 43,351
2006 83,928 73,683 63,055 44,663
2007 84,482 74,295 62,984 45,613
2008 84,039 74,538 59,861 44,156
2009 81,934 72,972 56,053 43,217
2010 80,856 72,716 56,283 43,179
2011 81,366 73,094 57,993 43,683
2012 83,003 74,188 59,009 44,042
20132 83,855 74,821 61,240 44,629
2014 84,494 75,572 62,455 46,226
2015 86,435 76,974 63,887 47,211
2016 86,886 77,742 64,953 48,328
20173 88,020 78,291 66,500 49,227
2018 88,115 79,440 67,205 50,795
2019 89,023 80,779 67,123 52,035
20204 88,645 79,504 60,295 46,002
2021 88,941 79,100 66,366 50,991
N Not available.
1
The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
2
Data are based on the CPS ASEC sample of 68,000 addresses. The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for
income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned set
of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a subsample of these 98,000
addresses using a probability split panel design. Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income
questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the
redesigned income questions. The source of these 2013 data is the portion of the CPS ASEC sample which received the
redesigned income questions, approximately 30,000 addresses.
3
Implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system.
4
Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, see footnotes in Appendix Table A-7 of the report, Income
and Poverty in the United States: 2021 , U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-276. For information on
confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see <https://www2.census.gov/programs-
surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar22.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS
ASEC).
 Change in the Number of Workers by
Work Status: 2020 to 2021
Difference in Workers: 2020 to 2021
(Numbers in millions)

Total Workers -0.1

Men 0.3

Women -0.4

Full-time, year-round 11.1

Men 6.1

Women 5.0

Note: People 15 years and older with earnings as of March of the following year. Statistically significant indicates the change is statistically different from
zero at the 90 percent confidence level. Total workers include both part-time and full-time workers. A full-time, year-round worker is a person who
worked at least 35 hours per week (full-time), and at least 50 weeks per year (year-round).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 and 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
27
Change in the Number of Workers by Work Status: 2020 to 2021
(Ea rni ngs i n 2021 dol l a rs , a djus ted us i ng the R-CPI-U-RS. Peopl e 15 yea rs a nd ol der a s of Ma rch of the fol l owi ng
yea r wi th ea rni ngs . Informa tion on confi dentia l i ty protection, s a mpl i ng error, nons a mpl i ng error, a nd defi ni tions
i s a va i l a bl e a t <https ://www2.cens us .gov/progra ms -s urveys /cps /techdocs /cps ma r22.pdf>)

2020 1 2021 Difference in

Number (thousands)
of Workers*
Characteristic Number Number (2021 less 2020)
(thousands) (thousands) Margin of
Estimate
error2 (±)
PEOPLE WITH EARNINGS
All Workers 168,148 168,041 -107 525
Men 88,645 88,941 296 377
Women 79,504 79,100 -404 333
Full-Time, Year-Round Workers 106,297 117,357 *11060 500
Men 60,295 66,366 *6071 429
Women 46,002 50,991 *4989 327
*An a s teri s k precedi ng a n es tima te i ndi ca tes cha nge i s s tatis tica l l y di fferent from zero a t the 90 percent
confi dence l evel .
1
Impl ementation of 2020 Cens us -ba s ed popul a tion control s .
2
A ma rgi n of error (MOE) i s a mea s ure of a n es tima te's va ri a bi l i ty. The l a rger the MOE i n rel a tion to the s i ze of
the es tima te, the l es s rel i a bl e the es tima te. Thi s number, when a dded to a nd s ubtra cted from the es tima te,
forms the 90 percent confi dence i nterva l . MOEs s hown i n thi s tabl e a re ba s ed on s tanda rd errors ca l cul a ted
us i ng repl i ca te wei ghts .
Note: Infl a tion-a djus ted es tima tes ma y di ffer s l i ghtly from other publ i s hed da ta due to roundi ng.
Source: U.S. Cens us Burea u, Current Popul a tion Survey, 2021 a nd 2022 Annua l Soci a l a nd Economi c Suppl ements
(CPS ASEC).
Changes in Number of Workers and Median Earnings by
Work Status: 2020 to 2021
Difference in Workers: 2020 to 2021 Median Earnings: 2020 to 2021
(Numbers in millions) (Percent change)

Total Workers -0.1 4.6

Men 0.3 -0.9

Women -0.4 4.5

Full-time, year-round 11.1 -4.1

Men 6.1 -4.7

Women 5.0 -4.0

Note: People 15 years and older with earnings as of March of the following year. Statistically significant indicates the change is statistically different from
zero at the 90 percent confidence level. Percent changes calculated with unrounded estimates. Total workers include both part-time and full-time
workers. A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked at least 35 hours per week (full-time), and at least 50 weeks per year (year-round).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2021 and 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC). 28
Change in the Number of Workers and Median Earnings by Work Status: 2020 to 2021
(Ea rni ngs i n 2021 dol l a rs , a djus ted us i ng the R-CPI-U-RS. Peopl e 15 yea rs a nd ol der a s of Ma rch of the fol l owi ng yea r wi th ea rni ngs . Informa tion on
confi dentia l i ty protection, s a mpl i ng error, nons a mpl i ng error, a nd defi ni tions i s a va i l a bl e a t <https ://www2.cens us .gov/progra ms -
s urveys /cps /techdocs /cps ma r22.pdf>)

2020 1 2021 Difference in

Median Earnings
Number (thousands)
Median earnings Median earnings Percent Change*
of Workers*
Characteristic (dollars) (dollars) (2021 less 2020)
Number Number (2021 less 2020)
(thousands) Margin of (thousands) Margin of Margin of Margin of
Estimate 2
Estimate 2
Estimate Estimate
error (±) error (±) error2 (±) error2 (±)
PEOPLE WITH EARNINGS
All Workers 168,148 43,461 209 168,041 45,470 303 -107 525 *4.6 0.76
Men 88,645 51,446 973 88,941 50,983 222 296 377 -0.9 1.85
Women 79,504 37,527 319 79,100 39,201 753 -404 333 *4.5 2.02
Full-Time, Year-Round Workers 106,297 58,897 396 117,357 56,473 356 *11060 500 *-4.1 0.74
Men 60,295 64,217 296 66,366 61,180 294 *6071 429 *-4.7 0.58
Women 46,002 53,387 290 50,991 51,226 295 *4989 327 *-4.0 0.66
*An a s teri s k precedi ng a n es tima te i ndi ca tes cha nge i s s tatis tica l l y di fferent from zero a t the 90 percent confi dence l evel .
1
Impl ementation of 2020 Cens us -ba s ed popul a tion control s .
2
A ma rgi n of error (MOE) i s a mea s ure of a n es tima te's va ri a bi l i ty. The l a rger the MOE i n rel a tion to the s i ze of the es tima te, the l es s rel i a bl e the es tima te. Thi s
number, when a dded to a nd s ubtra cted from the es tima te, forms the 90 percent confi dence i nterva l . MOEs s hown i n thi s tabl e a re ba s ed on s tanda rd errors
ca l cul a ted us i ng repl i ca te wei ghts .
Note: Infl a tion-a djus ted es tima tes ma y di ffer s l i ghtly from other publ i s hed da ta due to roundi ng.
Source: U.S. Cens us Burea u, Current Popul a tion Survey, 2021 a nd 2022 Annua l Soci a l a nd Economi c Suppl ements (CPS ASEC).
 Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio and Median Earnings by Sex: 1960 to 2021
(Full-time, year-round workers, aged 15 and older)
Earnings in thousands (2021 R-CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars) Recession
80
Males $61,200
60

Females $51,200
40

20

0
1960
Ratio in percent 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2021
100
90
Female-to-male 83.7%
80
earnings ratio
70
60.7%
60
50
e

40
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2021

Note: Workers aged 15 and older as of March of the following year with earnings. Data are for workers aged 14 and older for years prior to 1980.
Earnings rounded to nearest $100.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC). 29
Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio and
Median Earnings of Full-Time, Year-
Round Workers by Sex: 1960 to 2021
(Earnings in 2021 dollars, adjusted using the R-CPI-U-RS)

Full-time, year-round Workers Recessions

Peak month Year Trough month Year
Men Women
Women's-to-
Year Men's November 1948 October 1949
earnings ratio July 1953 May 1954
Number with Median Number with
Median earnings August 1957 April 1958
earnings earnings earnings
(dollars) April 1960 February 1961
(thousands) (dollars) (thousands)
December 1969 November 1970
1960 N 43,095 N 26,148 0.607 November 1973 March 1975
1961 N 44,470 N 26,348 0.592 January 1980 July 1980
1962 N 45,283 N 26,852 0.593 July 1981 November 1982
1963 N 46,421 N 27,363 0.589 July 1990 March 1991
1964 N 47,505 N 28,098 0.591 March 2001 November 2001
1965 N 48,182 N 28,873 0.599 December 2007 June 2009
1966 N 50,286 N 28,942 0.576 February 2020 April 2020
1967 36,645 51,081 14,846 29,516 0.578 Source: National Bureau of Economic Research,
1968 37,068 52,452 15,013 30,503 0.582 <www.nber.org/research/data/us-business-cycle-
1969 37,008 53,901 15,374 32,608 0.605 expansions-and-contractions>.

1970 36,132 55,985 15,476 33,238 0.594

1971 36,819 56,225 16,002 33,457 0.595
1972 38,184 59,252 16,675 34,284 0.579
1973 39,581 61,140 17,195 34,626 0.566
1974 37,916 58,946 16,945 34,633 0.588
1975 37,267 58,578 17,452 34,454 0.588
1976 38,184 58,417 18,073 35,163 0.602
1977 39,263 59,732 19,238 35,195 0.589
1978 41,036 60,118 20,914 35,734 0.594
1979 42,437 59,393 22,082 35,435 0.597
1980 41,881 58,428 22,859 35,150 0.602
1981 41,773 58,115 23,329 34,424 0.592
1982 40,105 57,015 23,702 35,204 0.617
1983 41,528 56,765 25,166 36,099 0.636
1984 43,808 57,828 26,466 36,812 0.637
1985 44,943 58,261 27,383 37,622 0.646
1986 45,912 59,770 28,420 38,414 0.643
1987 47,013 59,360 29,912 38,690 0.652
1988 48,285 58,859 31,237 38,875 0.660
1989 49,678 57,821 31,340 39,707 0.687
1990 49,171 55,804 31,682 39,965 0.716
1991 47,888 57,235 32,436 39,984 0.699
1992 48,551 57,320 33,241 40,574 0.708
1993 49,818 56,299 33,524 40,265 0.715
1994 51,580 55,958 34,155 40,272 0.720
1995 52,667 55,779 35,482 39,842 0.714
1996 53,787 55,449 36,430 40,901 0.738
1997 54,909 56,860 37,683 42,168 0.742
1998 56,951 58,884 38,785 43,085 0.732
1999 58,299 59,362 40,871 42,928 0.723
2000 59,602 58,772 41,719 43,327 0.737
2001 58,712 58,715 41,639 44,817 0.763
2002 58,761 59,546 41,876 45,613 0.766
2003 58,772 60,054 41,908 45,370 0.755
20041 60,088 58,658 42,380 44,918 0.766
2005 61,500 57,557 43,351 44,306 0.770
2006 63,055 56,928 44,663 43,800 0.769
2007 62,984 59,094 45,613 45,981 0.778
2008 59,861 58,490 44,156 45,091 0.771
2009 56,053 59,656 43,217 45,923 0.770
2010 56,283 59,714 43,179 45,937 0.769
2011 57,993 58,192 43,683 44,811 0.770
2012 59,009 58,399 44,042 44,677 0.765
20132 61,240 58,266 44,629 45,192 0.776
2014 62,455 57,717 46,226 45,388 0.786
2015 63,887 58,566 47,211 46,592 0.796
2016 64,953 58,303 48,328 46,916 0.805
20173 66,500 57,679 49,227 47,105 0.817
2018 67,205 59,657 50,795 48,658 0.816
2019 67,123 60,890 52,035 50,126 0.823
20204 60,295 64,217 46,002 53,387 0.831
2021 66,366 61,180 50,991 51,226 0.837

N Not available.
1
The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 CPS ASEC.
2
The 2014 CPS ASEC included redesigned questions for income and health insurance coverage. All of the approximately 98,000 addresses were eligible to receive
the redesigned set of health insurance coverage questions. The redesigned income questions were implemented to a subsample of these 98,000 addresses using
a probability split panel design. Approximately 68,000 addresses were eligible to receive a set of income questions similar to those used in the 2013 CPS ASEC
and the remaining 30,000 addresses were eligible to receive the redesigned income questions. The source of these 2013 estimates is the portion of the CPS ASEC
sample which received the redesigned income questions consistent with the 2015 CPS ASEC, approximately 30,000 addresses.
3
Data reflect the implementation of an updated CPS ASEC processing system.
4
Implementation of 2020 Census-based population controls.
Note: For changes in survey and data processing methodology, refer to footnotes in Table A-7 of the report, Income in the United States: 2021, U.S. Census
Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-276. Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions is available at
<https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar22.pdf>.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2022 Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC).
 For more information:
• Income in the United States: 2021
• Detailed and Historical Tables
• Information on confidentiality protection, sampling error,
nonsampling error, and definitions

Random Samplings:
o How Inflation Affects the Census Bureau’s Income and
Earnings Estimates
America Counts: Stories Behind the Numbers
o 2021 Income Inequality Increased for First Time Since 2011
Research Matters:
o How did the Pandemic Affect Survey Response: Using
Administrative Data to Evaluate Nonresponse in the 2022
Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic
Supplement

30
 Federal Register Notice on Proposed Changes
to Income Inflation Index
o Request for comment:
• Refer to the Federal Register Notice #220715-0157 issued on 9/1/2022

o For more information refer to, Alternative Inflation Indices for Adjusting
Historical Income Estimates from the CPS ASEC
• www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/income/guidance/alternative-inflation.html

o The Census Bureau welcomes the comments and advice of data users. If you
have comments, please email: sehsd.isb.inflation.comments@census.gov.

69