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    Tut Test 5 Memo

    Uploaded by

    Vogel
    1. The particle is moving in a circular trajectory around the origin. At two given points, the velocity and acceleration are calculated based on the constant speed and radius of the circular motion. 2. Two skaters collide and stick together. Using momentum conservation, the final velocity after the collision is calculated. 3. A stunt pilot flies a circular path at a given initial velocity and radius. The magnitude of acceleration is calculated using the equations for uniform circular motion.

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    Tut Test 5 Memo

    Uploaded by

    Vogel
    116 views5 pages
    1. The particle is moving in a circular trajectory around the origin. At two given points, the velocity and acceleration are calculated based on the constant speed and radius of the circular motion. 2. Two skaters collide and stick together. Using momentum conservation, the final velocity after the collision is calculated. 3. A stunt pilot flies a circular path at a given initial velocity and radius. The magnitude of acceleration is calculated using the equations for uniform circular motion.

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    Tut Test 5 memo

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    1. The particle is moving in a circular trajectory around the origin. At two given points, the velocity and acceleration are calculated based on the constant speed and radius of the circular motion. 2. Two skaters collide and stick together. Using momentum conservation, the final velocity after the collision is calculated. 3. A stunt pilot flies a circular path at a given initial velocity and radius. The magnitude of acceleration is calculated using the equations for uniform circular motion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    116 views5 pages

    Tut Test 5 Memo

    Uploaded by

    Vogel
    1. The particle is moving in a circular trajectory around the origin. At two given points, the velocity and acceleration are calculated based on the constant speed and radius of the circular motion. 2. Two skaters collide and stick together. Using momentum conservation, the final velocity after the collision is calculated. 3. A stunt pilot flies a circular path at a given initial velocity and radius. The magnitude of acceleration is calculated using the equations for uniform circular motion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Memorandum

    Tutorial Test 5A
    1. A particle is moving at a constant speed in a circular trajectory centered on the origin of an
    xy coordinate system. At one point (x = 4 m, y = 0 m) the particle has a velocity of -5.0j m/s.
    Determine the velocity and acceleration when the particle is at:
    a). x = 0, y = -4 m
    b). x = -4 m, y = 0

    Solution

    a). x = 0, y = -4 m
    The velocity is always tangent to the trajectory.
    v = -5i m/s (because the circular motion is clockwise on the axis system)
    a = v2 /r = 52/4 = 6.25 m/s2
    a = 6.25j m/s2 (always directed toward the center)
    b). x = -4 m, y = 0
    v = 5j m/s
    The acceleration magnitude is constant, so we still have a = 6.25 m/s2
    a = 6.25i m/s2 (always directed toward the center)

    2. A curling rock is traveling down the ice when it mysteriously


    explodes into three parts. After the explosion, one piece having
    27.0% of the total mass moves at a speed of v1f = 14.2 m/s at an
    angle of 42.0° to the positive y axis. A second with 52.0% of the
    total mass move at a speed of v2f = 18.9 m/s at an angle of 17.8°
    to the positive x axis. The third piece moves with speed v3f = 35.9 m/s at 39.0° to the negative
    y axis. What was the speed of the stone before the explosion?

    Solution

    In any kind of collision, momentum is conserved so


    m1 v1f + m2 v2f + m3 v3f = (m1 + m2 + m3 )vi (1)
    Now momentum and velocity are vector quantities and the i and j components must be
    handled separately
    m1 v1fx + m2 v2fx + m3 v3fx = (m1 + m2 + m3 )vix (1a)
    m1 v1fy + m2 v2fy + m3 v3fy = (m1 + m2 + m3 )viy (1b)
    So we can rearrange these equations to find the components of the final velocity
    vix = (m1 v1fx + m2 v2fx + m3 v3fx ) / (m1 + m2 + m3 ) (2a)
    viy = (m1 v1fy + m2 v2fy + m3 v3fy ) / (m1 + m2 + m3 ) (2b)
    Taking the masses of the piece to be m1 = 0.27M, m2 = 0.52M, and m3 = (10.270.52)M =
    0.21M
    where M is the total mass, and using the given values, we find
    vix = [0.27(14.2sin(42°)) + 0.52(18.9cos(17.8°)) + 0.21(35.9sin(39°))]
    = 2.05 m/s
    viy = [0.27(14.2cos(42°)) + 0.52(18.9sin(17.8°)) + 0.21(35.9cos(39°))]
    = 0.0 m/s
    The stone had an initial speed of 2.05 m/s to the right.
    Memorandum

    Tutorial Test 5B
    1. For an object in uniform circular motion, rank the changes listed below regarding the effect
    each would produce on the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the object? Assume
    all other parameters stay constant except that noted in the description of the change.
    Change A: The speed of the object doubles
    Change B: The radius of the motion triples
    Change C: The mass of the object triples
    Change D: The radius of the motion becomes half as big
    Change E: The mass of the object becomes half as big
    Change F: The speed of the object becomes half as big

    Solution

    1. Since a = v2/r, the mass doesn't affect the acceleration magnitude as long as the speed and
    the radius stays the same. Of course, the object would have to be forced differently to keep
    the speed the same if the mass changes. We will discuss this concept when we cover
    Newton's 2nd Law.
    Change A: The acceleration quadruples
    Change B: The acceleration becomes 1/3 as big
    Change C: The acceleration doesn't change
    Change D: The acceleration doubles
    Change E: The acceleration doesn't change
    Change F: The acceleration becomes 1/4 as big
    Change F < Change B < Change C = Change E < Change D < Change A or
    Change A < Change D < Change E = Change C < Change B < Change F

    2. A lion of mass 120 kg leaps at a hunter with a horizontal velocity of 12m/s. The hunter has
    an automatic rifle firing bullets of mass 15 g with a muzzle speed of 630m/s and he attempts
    to stop the lion in midair. How many bullets would the hunter have to fire into the lion to stop
    its horizontal motion? Assume the bullets stick inside the lion.

    Solution

    The total momentum of the system, the bullets and the lion, would be zero since there are no
    externalforces to consider,
    P = mlion vlion - nmbullet vbullet = 0 ,
    where the lion is assumed to be moving in the positive direction. Rearranging the equation to
    find n,
    n = mlion vlion / nmbullet vbulle
    = (120 kg x 12 m/s) / (0.015kg x 630 m/s)
    = 152.4
    It would take 153 bullets to stop the lion dead, so to speak.
    Memorandum

    Tutorial Test 5C
    1. A stunt pilot executes a uniform speed circular path in an airplane. The initial velocity (in
    m/s) of the plane is given by v0 = 2500i + 3000j. If the radius of the circular path is 74.75 km,
    find the magnitude of the acceleration.

    Solution

    First find the speed:


    v = (25002 + 30002 )½ = 3905 m/s
    For uniform circular motion:
    a = v2 /r
    a = 39052 /74750
    a= 204 m/s2

    2. On a frictionless surface, a 6.0kg rock approaches from the left at 3.5 m/s. It collides
    elastically with a 9.0kg rock which is approaching from the right at 1.7 m/s. Without
    changing coordinate systems, find the final velocities of the rocks.

    Solution

    We are dealing with a collision, so we know we must conserve momentum,


    m1 v1f + m2 v2f = m1 v1i + m2 v2i
    m1 (v1f – v1i) = m2 (v2i – v2f) (1)

    We are told that the collision is elastic which means that kinetic energy is conserved. For a
    1D collision, this is the same as
    ½m1 v1f2 + ½m2 v2f2 = ½m1 v1i2 + ½m2 v2i2
    ½m1 v1f2 – ½m1 v1i2 = ½m2 v2i2 – ½m2 v2f2
    m1 (v1f – v1i) (v1f + v1i) = m2 (v2i – v2f) (v2i + v2f) (2)
    eqn (2) ÷ eqn (1)
    (v1f + v1i) = (v2i + v2f)
    Rearranging
    v2f – v1f = – (v2i – v1i ) (3)
    Substituting in the give data, our equations become
    6v1f + 9v2f = 6 × 3.5 + 9 × (–1.7)
    6v1f + 9v2f = 5.7 (4)
    v2f – v1f = –(–1.7 – 3.5)
    v2f – v1f = 5.2 (5)
    Solving the two equations in two unknowns, we find
    v1f = – 2.74 m/s and
    v2f = 2.46 m/s.
    Memorandum

    Tutorial Test 5D
    1. A particle is moving at a constant speed in a circular trajectory centered on the origin of an
    xy coordinate system. At one point (x = 4 m, y = 0 m) the particle has a velocity of -5.0j m/s.
    Determine the velocity and acceleration when the particle is at:
    a). x = 0, y = 4 m
    b). x = -2.83, y = 2.83 m

    Solution

    a). x = 0, y = 4 m
    v = 5i m/s (because the circular motion is clockwise on the axis system)
    a = v2 /r = 52/4 = 6.25 m/s2
    a = -6.25j m/s2

    b). x = -2.83, y = 2.83 m


    The velocity will still have a magnitude of 5 m/s, and will still be tangent to the trajectory. At
    the point referred to, the angle of the tangent is 45°.
    v = 5m/s (cos45i + sin45j)
    v = 3.54i + 3.54j m/s
    The acceleration will still have the same magnitude, a nd again, must point toward the center.
    In this case, at a 315° angle.
    a = 6.25 m/s2 (cos315i + sin315j)
    a = 4.42i - 4.42j m/s2

    2. A 50.0kg skater is traveling due east at 3.00 m/s. A 70.0kg skater


    is moving due south at 7.00 m/s. They collide and hold on to one
    another after the collision. Determine the magnitude of their velocity
    after the collision. Ignore the effects of friction.

    Solution

    In any kind of collision, momentum is conserved so


    (m1 + m2 )vf = m1 v1i + m2 v2i (1)
    Now momentum and velocity are vector quantities and the i and j components must be
    handled separately
    (m1 + m2 )vfx = m1 v1ix + m2 v2ix (1a)
    (m1 + m2 )vfy = m1 v1iy + m2 v2iy (1b)
    So we can rearrange these equations to find the components of the final velocity
    vfx = (m1 v1ix + m2 v2ix ) / (m1 + m2 ) (2a)
    vfy = (m1 v1iy + m2 v2iy ) / (m1 + m2 ) (2b)
    Using the given values, we find
    vfx = [(50 kg)(3 m/s) + (70 kg)(0)] / (50 kg + 70kg)
    = 1.25 m/s
    vfy = [(50 kg)(0) + (70 kg)(7 m/s) / (50 kg + 70 kg)
    = 4.083 m/s
    To find the magnitude and direction of the final velocity, we use Pythagoras' Theorem and
    trigonometry,
    vf = [(vfx ) 2 + (vfx ) 2 ]½
    = 4.27 m/s

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