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HST 1

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devce , Figure 1.1 Typical sitation requiring a power transmission an electric motor or an engine) whose output power is P,, We connect the input shaft 10 ‘an output (driven) shaft that must rotate at an angular speed a. The angular speed of the driven shaft may be greater or lesser than the angular speed of the input shaft or even have ‘an opposite direction in relation to the input shaft's angular speed. ‘When mechanical transmissions, such as gearboxes, belts and chains, are considered, the spatial arrangement of the driving and driven shafls is of paramount importance because it dictates the technology to be used. For example, in the case of parallel shafts, 2 gear transmission may be used if their distance from each other is not too great. However, the farther the shafts are from each other, the heavier the gearbox becomes, leading to more demanding requirements with respect to alignment and lubrication. Belts and pulleys may ‘be used for transmissions between shafts that are separated by a considerable length, but the problem of spatial arrangement remains. Moreover, the power to be transmitted becomes ‘considerably limited due to the belt-to-pulley friction coefficient, Chain transmissions are noisy and require the shafts to be perfectly parallel with constant lubrication. Addition- ally, these types of transmissions ~ with the exception of some special arrangements of cchains and belts ~ do not allow for continuous transmission ratios, as will be explained shortly, Mechanical transmissions, in general, have the following limitations: 1. ‘They require the driving and driven shafts to be relatively near one another. 2. They ate usually not flexible with regard to the spatial arrangement of the components 3. ‘Typically, they do not provide a continuous transmission ratio, that i, the ratio between the angular speed of the driven shaft and the angular speed of the driving shaft assumes discrete values. Hydrostatic transmissions transmit power through a hydraulic fluid that travels inside flex- ible hoses or other types of conduits. AS a result, there is great spatial flexibility, and the input and output shafts can be placed almost anywhere in relation to one another. Contin- uous transmission ratios are an inherent property of hydrostatic transmissions, whereas in

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