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Coursera Week 2 Materials W2-1-03

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Tips for defining project tasks

The process of identifying project tasks and defining them is one that requires
practice. Breaking tasks down into workable parts is challenging because you
have to decide which tasks may require additional subtasks and which tasks
do not. For instance, if you are managing a cross-country move, you do not
need to break down the task of unloading boxes from the car into which box
should be moved first. However, you may need to break down the movers’
tasks into smaller, more detailed steps. As you progress in your career, you will
get better at breaking tasks down. In the interim, here are some guidelines to
help you improve this very important project management skill. 

Define project tasks in one or two sentences


When writing descriptions of project tasks, keep them to one or two sentences
long. If you find that a certain task description needs to be longer than one or
two sentences, this indicates that the task is complex and could be broken
down into smaller tasks or that it may need further clarification.

Look at project task dependencies


When looking at how you might break certain parts of the project down into
tasks, consider task dependencies, or what has to be completed or handed off
from one person to another before work on each task can begin. Identifying
dependencies can help you decide how much a task needs to be broken down.
For instance, if you are managing a project that includes an awards ceremony
and one of the tasks is to set up the stage, the dependencies for this task could
include getting estimates from an audiovisual (AV) contractor, procuring
necessary equipment, and constructing the stage backdrop.
Enlist help from team members
It is often helpful for your team to be involved in the task breakdown process.
You might have a meeting where you discuss each broad goal or major task
with the team. This way, team members can present varying perspectives as
they work together to break down tasks. For example, if someone on your
team has had experience on a similar project, they may suggest a certain task
actually be broken down into three different tasks. 

Define project tasks by the amount of time they will take to


complete
Defining project tasks by the amount of time they’re expected to take will reveal
any especially lengthy tasks. If a task is expected to take a long time, it could
indicate that there are additional subtasks that need to be defined. Identifying
tasks by time is helpful for scheduling other tasks or events around the longer
tasks. This strategy also helps you determine appropriate milestones, as
milestones are often the culmination of a series of tasks. Acknowledging the
completion of a large and lengthy task is also a great way to celebrate
success, learn from the process, and keep the project on track.
Identify project tasks by their “done” factors
Begin with the end in mind: What does it mean for the task to be considered
“done”? From there, you can work backwards to see if you’ve missed any
steps and identify checkpoints for completion along the way.

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