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Module 1

This document discusses dynamics and kinematics of rigid bodies. It begins by defining engineering mechanics and its two branches - statics and dynamics. Dynamics is further divided into kinematics, which studies motion without considering causes, and kinetics, which analyzes forces causing motion. The document then covers rectilinear or one-dimensional motion, including key terms like displacement, velocity, acceleration. It provides equations to relate these quantities and sample problems calculating position, velocity and acceleration at given times. Finally, it discusses erratic or non-uniform motion that requires separating motion into intervals with different equations.

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Jeslyn Monte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views

Module 1

This document discusses dynamics and kinematics of rigid bodies. It begins by defining engineering mechanics and its two branches - statics and dynamics. Dynamics is further divided into kinematics, which studies motion without considering causes, and kinetics, which analyzes forces causing motion. The document then covers rectilinear or one-dimensional motion, including key terms like displacement, velocity, acceleration. It provides equations to relate these quantities and sample problems calculating position, velocity and acceleration at given times. Finally, it discusses erratic or non-uniform motion that requires separating motion into intervals with different equations.

Uploaded by

Jeslyn Monte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DYNAMICS OF

RIGID BODIES
ESCI 124N - ENGINEERING MECHANICS 2
INTRODUCTION TO DYNAMICS
OF RIGID BODIES
KINEMATICS OF A PARTICLE
ENGINEERING MECHANICS DEFINED:

• Engineering mechanics is a branch of science,


that deals with the which deals with the laws and
principles of Mechanics, along with their
applications to engineering problems.
• Engineering mechanics is a branch of the physical
sciences that is concerned with the state of rest or
motion of bodies subjected to the action of forces.
BRANCHES OF MECHANICS

• Statics is concerned with the equilibrium of a body


that is either at rest or moves with constant
velocity.
• Dynamics is concerned with the motion of bodies
under the action of forces.
2 PARTS UNDER DYNAMICS

• Kinematics is concerned with the motion of bodies


under the action of forces.
• Kinetics is concerned with the analysis of forces
causing the motion
FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCE OF KINETICS
AND DYNAMICS
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT IN DYNAMICS
Metric System
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT IN DYNAMICS
US Customary System or SI Units
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS:
CONTINUOUS MOTION
RECTILINEAR MOTION
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGIES
• Rectilinear Kinematics - The kinematics of a particle is
characterized by specifying, at any given instant, the
particle’s position, velocity, and acceleration.
• Position - The origin O on the path is a fixed point, and from
this point the position coordinate s is used to specify the
location of the particle at any given instant.
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGIES
• Displacement - The displacement of the particle is defined
as the change in its position. For example, if the particle
moves from one point to another, the displacement is:
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGIES
• Velocity - If the particle moves through a displacement Δs during the
time interval Δt, the average velocity of the particle during this time
interval is:

• If we take smaller and smaller values of t, the magnitude of s


becomes smaller and smaller. Consequently, the instantaneous
velocity is a vector defined as:
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGIES
• Acceleration - Provided the velocity of the particle is known at
two points, the average acceleration of the particle during the time
interval t is defined as

• The instantaneous acceleration at time t is a vector that is found by


taking smaller and smaller values of t and corresponding smaller and
smaller values of v, so that:
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGIES
• In particular, when the particle is slowing down, or its speed is
decreasing, the particle is said to be decelerating.

• Finally, an important differential relation involving the displacement,


velocity, and acceleration along the path may be obtained by
eliminating the time differential dt. We have:
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGIES
• Velocity as a Function of Time. Integrate ac = dv/dt,
assuming that initially v = v0 when t = 0.
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGIES
• Position as a Function of Time. Integrate v = ds/dt = v0 + act,
assuming that initially s = s0 when t = 0.
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS TERMINOLOGIES
• Velocity as a Function of Position. Integrate vdv = acds,
assuming that initially v = v0 at s = s0 .
SAMPLE PROBLEM: (1)
• The car moves in a straight line such that for a short time its
velocity is defined by 𝑣 = (3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡) ft/s, where t is in
seconds. Determine its position and acceleration when t =
3 s. When t = 0, s = 0
SAMPLE PROBLEM: (2)
• During a test a rocket travels
upward at 75 m/s, and when it is
40 m from the ground its engine
fails. Determine the maximum
height SB reached by the rocket
and its speed just before it hits
the ground. While in motion the
rocket is subjected to a constant
downward acceleration of 9.81
m/s^2 due to gravity. Neglect
the effect of air resistance.
RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS:
ERRATIC MOTION
RECTILINEAR MOTION
ERRATIC MOTION:
• When a particle has erratic or changing motion then its
position, velocity, and acceleration cannot be described by
a single continuous mathematical function along the entire
path. Instead, a series of functions will be required to specify
the motion at different intervals.
ERRATIC MOTION:
ERRATIC MOTION:
ERRATIC MOTION:
ERRATIC MOTION:
ERRATIC MOTION:
ERRATIC MOTION:
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO.1
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO.2

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