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Earth and Life Science
Quarter 2 – Module 3
Animal Reproduction

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Earth and Life Science – Grade 11
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Animal Reproduction

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: ANTONIO G. BELMONTE, JR.

Editors: HELEN Z. CORNELIO
IRENE V. DE JESUS
MARISOL D. ANDRADA

Reviewers: HELEN Z. CORNELIO

IRENE V. DE JESUS
MARISOL D. ANDRADA

Layout Artist: JASON O. SALVADORA

Cover Illustration: RAYMOND T. TORALDE

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 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
The learners describe the different ways of
how representative animals reproduce
(S11/12LT-IIej-15)

ANIMAL REPRODUCTION

This module is all about animal reproduction. It will discuss unique adaptations of
species for reproduction. As you read the module, it will bring you to the wonderful
environment that we live in and the wonders of how it works.

In this module, you will learn about the the different ways of how representative
animals reproduce.

. This module will help you understand

concepts and enjoy different learning
activities.

At the end of this module, it is expected that

you be able to:

https://www.123rf.com/clipart-vector/male_teacher.html

1. Identify the different ways on how animals reproduce.

2. Differentiate sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction.
3. Cite the advantages and disadvantage of both types of reproduction.

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 Pre - Test Direction. Supply the correct answer. Write the
answers on your answer sheets.

1. In which group of organisms is parthenogenesis a normal event?

a. Chicken c. Rabbits
b. Bees d. sea stars
2. Genetically unique individuals are produced through ________.
a. sexual reproduction c. budding
b. parthenogenesis d. fragmentation
3. In which type of environment do external fertilization occur?
a. Aquatic c. savanna
b. Forested d. steppe

4. What might be a disadvantage to temperature-dependent sex determination?

5. Compared to separate sexes and assuming self-fertilizing is not possible, what might
be one advantage and one disadvantage to hermaphroditism?

LESSON
How Do Animals Reproduce?
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new
individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents". Reproduction is a
fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of
reproduction.
There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual.

TRY THIS!

Direction: In your answer sheet, write the word TRUE if the statement is correct. If
the statement is incorrect, write the word FALSE.

______1. Sexual reproduction involves two parent cell.

______2. Gametes are sex cell produce by gonads.
______3. The male gamete is a sperm cell, which is motile to search for the egg
cell for fertilization.
______4. Reproduction is mainly through mitosis which creates a clone of the
parent.
______5. A zygote, eventually becomes an embryo and later on develop into an
organism.
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 Direction: Look around you. Observe
some organisms in your locality. List down on
EXPLORE your answer sheet at least 10 organism that can
be found in your place. Describe each organism
briefly.

Sexual reproduction is the process of joining the haploid gametes (sex cells) to
form a diploid cell called a zygote. A zygote, eventually becomes an embryo and later on
develop into an organism. The female gamete is an egg cell, usually non-motile to ensure
survival of the embryo by storing energy. The male gamete is a sperm cell, which is motile
to search for the egg cell for fertilization. This process is usually slow and complex
compared to asexual reproduction. The organisms so produced are genetically diverse.
Thus, they can evolve along with the changing climatic conditions. Humans and many
multicellular organisms exhibit a sexual mode of reproduction.

In asexual reproduction, fusion of the egg cell and sperm cell does not occur.
Reproduction is mainly through mitosis which creates a clone of the parent. The
organisms produced by asexual reproduction are less diverse in nature. This type of
reproduction is practiced widely by unicellular organisms.
Reference: Cummings, Pearson Benjamin. 2011. Chapter 1 – Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life.
Pearson Education, Inc.
https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1560347370/ucfsdorg/ulicykvztxcgptjgsf5r/Chapter1-
ThemesintheStudyofLife.pdf

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 APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

A. Illustrate the differences and similarities of

asexual reproduction from sexual reproduction.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

they are both …

WORD BANK

asexual reproduction: a mechanism that produces offspring that are genetically

identical to the parent.

sexual reproduction: a form of reproduction in which cells containing genetic material

from two individuals combine to produce genetically unique offspring

hermaphroditism: the state of having both male and female reproductive structures
within the same individual

internal fertilization: the fertilization of eggs by sperm inside the body of the female

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oviparity: a process by which fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and
develop there, receiving nourishment from the yolk that is a part of the egg

ovoviparity: a process by which fertilized eggs are retained within the female; the
embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk, and the young are fully developed
when they are hatched

parthenogenesis: a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into a

complete individual without being fertilized

sex determination: the mechanism by which the sex of individuals in sexually

reproducing organisms is initially established

viviparity: a process in which the young develop within the female and are born in a
nonembryonic state

Types of Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

LESSON
Some animals produce offspring through asexual reproduction while other animals
produce offspring through sexual reproduction. Both methods have advantages and
disadvantages.

Asexual reproduction in animals occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation,

and parthenogenesis. Sexual reproduction may involve fertilization inside the body or in
the external environment.

Direction: Identify what is being asked in

TRY THIS! each item. Write the answers on your answer
sheets.

____________1. Offspring grows from a piece of its parent through mitosis

____________2. A fusion of gametes take place outside the body.

____________3. It is the development of embryo inside the egg.

____________4. Bud grows from the body of parent organism through mitosis

____________5. A single parent cell divides into two parent cell.

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 DO THIS!
Direction: Answer the following question. Write
the answers on your answer sheets.
1. Why do bacteria, plants, and many other organisms reproduce so much faster
than humans?
________________________________________________________________
_____
2. Why are humans not able to reproduce asexually?
________________________________________________________________

EXPLORE

A1. List three examples of Viviparous A2. List three examples of Oviparous
animals animals
______________________________ _________________________________
______________________________ _________________________________
______________________________ _________________________________

B. Arrange the boxes according to its type of asexual reproduction, description, and
example.

Offspring grows from a piece of its Starfish BINARY FISSION

parent through mitosis
Bacteria, Amoeba Hydra, Cactus, Yeast
BUDDING
REGENERATION Bud grows from the body of parent
Cell Division through mitosis
organism through mitosis

C. Complete the table below by citing advantages and disadvantages of sexual and
asexual reproduction.

Types Advantages Disadvantage

Sexual

Asexual

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Figure 8. Types of Sexual Reproduction
Reference: Mosolu, Anca. 2010. “Biology / Growth, Development and Reproduction in Living Things.” 2010.
http://www.learnhive.net/learn/icse-grade-8/biology/growth,-development-and-reproduction-in-living-things.

Figure 8. Types of Asexual Reproduction

Reference: Mosolu, Anca. 2010. “Biology / Growth, Development and Reproduction in Living Things.” 2010.
http://www.learnhive.net/learn/icse-grade-8/biology/growth,-development-and-reproduction-in-living-things.

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 APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Draw a quick diagram of the different types of asexual reproduction.

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Determine the type of sexual and asexual reproduction the following organisms exhibit.
1. Eagle 6. Corals
2. Philippine Cobra 7. Yeast
3. Dolphins 8. Fungi
4. Sharks 9. Earthworms
5. Bacteria 10. Leeches

Congratulations for finishing the module. You

have learned thoroughly about Animal
Reproduction! Hope you enjoyed and learned
a lot from the tasks given.
https://www.123rf.com/clipart-vector/male_teacher.html

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 SUMMARY OF CONCEPTS
✓ Reproduction means to reproduce. It is a biological process by which an organism
reproduces an offspring who is biologically similar to the organism.

✓ There are basically two types of reproduction: Asexual Reproduction and Sexual
Reproduction

✓ Asexual reproduction refers to the type of reproduction in which only a single organism
gives rise to a new individual.

✓ Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the production of an offspring

by the fusion of male and female gametes.

✓ Asexual reproduction is further divided into:

Binary Fission: In this, the cell splits into two each cell carrying a copy of the DNA from
the parent cell. For e.g., amoeba.

Budding: In this, a small bud-like outgrowth gives rise to a new individual. The outgrowth
remains attached to the organism until it is fully grown. It detaches itself as lives as an
individual organism. For e.g., hydra

Fragmentation: In this, the parent organism splits into several parts and each part grows
into a new individual. For e.g., Planaria

Sporogenesis: In this type of reproduction, a new organism grows from the spores. These
can be created without fertilization and can spread through wind and animals.

Reflection

For the last time, share your insights and queries

Things I’ve learned today

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

I wish to ask about

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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 WORD BANK
budding: a form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of an
organism leading to a separation from the original animal into two individuals’ external
fertilization: the fertilization of eggs by sperm outside an animal’s body, often during
spawning

fission: (also, binary fission) a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits
into two separate organisms or two parts that regenerate the missing portions of the body

fragmentation: the breaking of an organism into parts and the growth of a separate
individual from each part.

Post - Test

Direction. Circle the letter of the correct answer

1. Which of the following is NOT a form of asexual reproduction

a. Fission c. Fertilization
b. Budding d. Fragmentation

2. Which of the following is true about sexual reproduction?

a. Genetically identical offspring are produced
b. only one parent is involved
c. it puts animal at an evolutionary disadvantage in terms of variation
d. it involves the exchange of genetic material between two individuals

3. A new offspring simply grows from the body of a mother animal, it breaks off and later
becomes independent
a. budding c. oviparous
b. regeneration d. fission or cell division

4. The union of sperm and egg cell

a. fertilization c. offspring
b. reproduction d. sexual

5. The kind of reproduction exhibited by hydra

a. budding c. fragmentation
b. regeneration d. fission or cell division

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 ANSWER KEY

Pre-Test

1. B 2. A 3. A

4. Temperatures can vary from year to year and an unusually cold or hot year might
produce offspring all of one sex, making it hard for individuals to find mates.
5. A possible advantage of hermaphroditism might be that anytime an individual of the
same species is encountered a mating is possible, unlike separate sexes that must find
an individual of the right sex to mate. (Also, every individual in a hermaphrodite
population is able to produce offspring, which is not the case in populations with
separate sexes.) A disadvantage might be that hermaphrodite populations are less
efficient because they do not specialize in one sex or another, which means a
hermaphrodite does not produce as many offspring through eggs or sperm as do
species with separate sexes. (Other answers are possible.)

Lesson 1. How do animals reproduce

Try This
1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True
Explore
(Answers may vary)

Apply What You Have Learned

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

1. One parent
1. two parents they are both …
Produce offspring 2. offspring are identical to
2. Offspring not identical
parent unless mutation
Has at least one
3. offspring inherit traits parent
3. One – celled organisms and
from two parents some multi – celled organisms
Both pass DNA
down to offspring reproduce asexually
4. genetically only multi-
celled organisms reproduce Offspring have 4. Offspring’s genes are the
sexually complete set of same as the parent
DNA
5. single-celled organisms 5. Cloning is a form of asexual
Both continue reproduction
do not reproduce sexually
species

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Lesson 2: Types of sexual and asexual Reproduction

Try this
1. Regeneration
2. External Fertilization
3. Oviparous
4. Budding
5. Binary Fission

Do this
1. because one generation for bacteria is about 20 minutes, while one generation
for humans is about 20 years. This allows the bacteria to evolve enormously faster than
humans.

2. we humans didn't evolve that way. Most organisms that reproduce asexually are
single-celled and reproduce by binary fission, but these are not nowadays classified as
animals, much less vertebrates, much less mammals, much less human.

Explore

A. 1. Viviparous – whales, dolphins, sharks, dogs, cats

2. Oviparous – birds, snakes, fish, lizards, frogs

B.
REGENERATION BUDDING

Offspring grows from a piece of Bud grows from the body of

its parent through mitosis parent organism through
mitosis

Starfish Hydra, Cactus, Yeast

BINARY FISSION

Cell Division through

mitosis

Bacteria, Amoeba

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C.

Types Advantages Disadvantage

Sexual 1. Can adopt easier to 1. Takes longer to reproduce
environmental changes offspring
2. increases genetic variation 2. More things can go wrong
within a species
3. Must locate a mate to
3. Allows for diversity and reproduce
evolution of a species
Asexual 1. Only need one parent to 1. Genetically similar and less
reproduce able to survive environmental
changes
2. Requires less energy to
reproduce 2. can be easily wiped out by
diseases
3. can reproduce quickly
3. can result in overcrowding of
a habitat

Apply What You Have Learned

Types of asexual reproduction - Budding, Regeneration, Fragmentation, Binary Fission

Assess what you have learned

1. Eagle – internal, oviparous 6. Corals – external fertilization, oviparous
2. Philippine Cobra – internal, oviparous 7. Yeast - Budding
3. Dolphins – internal, 8. Fungi – spore formation
4. Sharks - internal 9. Earthworms - hermaphrodite
5. Bacteria - Binary Fission 10. Leeches - hermaphrodite

Post - Test

1. c
2. d
3. c
4. a.
5. a

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 REFERENCES

Cummings, Pearson Benjamin. 2011. Chapter 1 – Introduction: Themes in the

Study of Life. Pearson Education, Inc.
https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1560347370/ucfsdorg/ulicykvztxcgptjgsf5r/
Chapter1-ThemesintheStudyofLife.pdf

Mosolu, Anca. 2010. “Biology / Growth, Development and Reproduction in Living

Things.” 2010. http://www.learnhive.net/learn/icse-grade-8/biology/growth,-
development-and-reproduction-in-living-things.
Molnar, Charles, and Jane, Gair 2019. “How Animals Reproduce.” May 2019.
https://opentextbc.ca/chapter/13-1-how-animals-reproduce/.

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