Medical Electronics: Technical Manual

Medical Electronics
*****************************************************************
TECHNICAL MANUAL
HIGH POWER RF AMPLIFIER
MODEL 53-S30-64
This manual is the property of and contains information that is proprietary to MKS.
Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited. Neither the manual nor any
information contained herein shall be disclosed to anyone outside the Company
without advance written authorization.
CONTENTS COPYRIGHTED BY
MKS - COLORADO
4975 NORTH 30th STREET
COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO 80919
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
October, 2008
MKS Part No. ZMX-X196

Revision 00C
Table of Contents
1.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................................................3
1.1 SAFETY CONCERNS ................................................................................................................................................3
1.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) ..................................................................................................3
1.3 SAFETY WARNINGS................................................................................................................................................4
1.4 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION..................................................................................................................................4
1.5 MARKINGS ON THE MODEL 53-S30-64 AMPLIFIER..........................................................................................5
2.0 AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................6
2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................6
2.2 FRU ASSEMBLIES ....................................................................................................................................................6
2.3 OPERATING MODES................................................................................................................................................7
2.4 AC LINE (MAINS) CONNECTION ..........................................................................................................................7
2.5 MRI SYSTEM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS .........................................................................................................8
3.0 AMPLIFIER CONTROL AND MONITORING..........................................................................9
3.1 RS-232 CONTROL (X9)...........................................................................................................................................10
3.2 PARALLEL INTERFACE (X3)................................................................................................................................10
3.3 RF ENABLE (X4) .....................................................................................................................................................11
3.4 RF INPUT (X1) .........................................................................................................................................................12
3.5 RF OUTPUT (X2) .....................................................................................................................................................12
4.0 SYSTEM INTERLOCKS..............................................................................................................12
4.1 LOGIC SHUTDOWN INTERLOCK........................................................................................................................12
4.2 FAULT INTERLOCK ...............................................................................................................................................13
4.3 WATCHDOG TIMER...............................................................................................................................................13
5.0 SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS .................................................................................................13
5.1 RS-232 SERIAL INTERFACE (X9).........................................................................................................................13
5.2 SYSTEM SERIAL COMMANDS AND AMPLIFIER RESPONSES......................................................................14
5.3 SERIAL COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS ..................................................................................................................17
6.0 FAULT-FINDING AND DIAGNOSTICS ...................................................................................21
6.1 SYSTEM FAULT REPORTING ..............................................................................................................................21
6.2 EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL INDUCED FAULTS.............................................................................................21
6.3 AMPLIFIER FAULTS ..............................................................................................................................................22
6.4 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNIT (FRU) FAULTS .....................................................................................................22
6.5 SYSTEM FAULT CODES........................................................................................................................................22
7.0 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNITS (FRU)......................................................................................26
7.1 AMPLIFIER REMOVAL..........................................................................................................................................26
7.2 AMPLIFIER INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................29
7.3 RF MODULE OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................29
7.4 MODULE REMOVAL..............................................................................................................................................30
7.5 FRU MODULE INSTALLATION............................................................................................................................31
7.6 RF and DIGITAL CONTROLLER (RFDC) BATTERY CHANGE INSTRUCTIONS...........................................33
8.0 PLANNED MAINTENANCE.......................................................................................................36
9.0 SPECIFICATION SUMMARY....................................................................................................37
2
1.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The model 53-S30-64 is a linear, pulsed, RF power amplifier intended for use as part of a
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system.
The amplifier is Class 1 ordinary equipment without applied parts. It is to be used in an area where
no flammable anesthetics or gases are used.
The amplifier is compliant with CSA C22.2N6.601.1, UL 60601.1 and IEC 60601-1.
1.1 SAFETY CONCERNS
The amplifier must be installed, operated, and serviced by qualified personnel.
The model 53-S30-64 is capable of delivering in excess of 18,000 watts peak RF power at 64 MHz
into a 50-Ohm load. These power levels can cause severe RF burns and other injuries if misused.
Never operate the amplifier without properly terminating it with a suitable load.
The user accepts full responsibility for the proper use of the amplifier and for all safety issues
concerning the use of RF power for medical purposes.
1.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)
The amplifier is compliant with RF emissions requirements specified by IEC 60601-1-2.

Specifically, the amplifier RF emissions are 3 dB below CISPR 11, Group 2, Class A
requirements.
This RF amplifier should only be connected to an AC mains circuit that do not feed lights or
lighting equipment in order to avoid flicker.
3
1.3 SAFETY WARNINGS
LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT INSIDE THE AMPLIFIER. DO NOT OPERATE

THE AMPLIFIER WITH THE COVERS REMOVED.
DO NOT PLACE HEAVY OBJECTS OR LIQUIDS ON TOP OF THE AMPLIFIER.
DO NOT BLOCK THE AMPLIFIER COOLING AIR INTAKE OR EXHAUST PORTS.
SAFETY STATEMENTS ARE PROVIDED IN APPROPRIATE AREAS THROUGHOUT

THIS MANUAL.
MKS IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR CORRECT INSTALLATION, APPLICATION, USE,

OR FOR PATIENT SAFETY WHEN THIS AMPLIFIER IS USED IN A MAGNETIC
RESONANCE IMAGING OR OTHER SYSTEM.
1.4 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
The RF Amplifier system has a serial number label attached to the side of the amplifier.
This label contains the following information:
Model Number: 53-S30-64
Serial Number: PMyyww####

where yy = year produced
ww = week produced
#### = sequence number (three- or
four-digit)
Part Number: Customer's part number
Amplifier Class: Class 1
Frequency: RF operating frequency
Max RF Output: Maximum pulsed output
Maximum average output
Country of origin: Made in USA
Manufacturing location
Safety registration marking: Product is CSA certified to Canadian and US
regulatory requirements
Safety Compliance: Product complies with CSA C22.2N6.601.1,
UL 60601.1 and IEC 60601-1
4
1.5 MARKINGS ON THE MODEL 53-S30-64 AMPLIFIER
Dangerous Voltage
Alternating Current
Earth (Ground: Functional)
Protective Earth (Ground)
Equipotentiality
Attention, consult accompanying documents
Off (power: disconnection from the mains)
On (power: connection to the mains)
Heavy object
5
2.0 AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION
2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW
The amplifier is linear and fully automatic. It is capable of delivering up to 18 kW (64 MHz) into a
load VSWR of 1.5:1. Typical gain at 18 kW output will be 72.6 dB.
All major functions are controlled and monitored by a microprocessor based control system.
The microprocessor provides amplifier and MRI system protection from excessive average- and
peak-power operation. The amplifier is remotely controlled via a parallel- or RS-232-interface
during normal MRI system operation. A picture of the amplifier is shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1
2.2 FRU ASSEMBLIES
The amplifier consists of seven RF modules (1 driver and 6 PAs). The modules are designed for
replacement in the field by personnel qualified to service the amplifier. The replaceable modules
are located at the front of the amplifier and can be accessed by removing the front panel cover. See
Figure 2.
6
Figure 2
2.3 OPERATING MODES
Operating modes and corresponding maximum rated peak output powers are:
1) Mode HIGH (18,000 watts peak @ 63.87 MHz ± 0.305KHz)

2) Mode LOW (500 watts peak and up to 60W in CW mode)
Note: Power output is determined by varying the input drive level and is condition limited (see
Section 10).
2.4 AC LINE (MAINS) CONNECTION
The amplifier is shipped with a pre-installed and non-terminated 3-phase AC mains cable for
installation into the MRI equipment rack (Shown in Figure 7). The wire color designations are
below.
Green/yellow – Protective Earth ground

Brown, Black and “Black or Gray” – phases L1, L2 and L3
Warning: For compliance with IEC 60601-1-2 Safety Requirements, the S30 Protective
Earth wire must be connected to the installation facility’s Protective Earth ground system per
applicable IEC clauses. Also, connection of this Protective Earth ground and AC phases must
also comply with the Creepages & Clearance requirements and any other applicable
requirements of IEC 60601-1-2 for a working voltage of 400VAC.
7
The amplifier is not phase dependant so it does not matter which S30 AC mains phases is connected
to which facility AC mains phase. See section 9.0 for the amplifiers AC power requirements.
Warning: Verify that the MRI system’s AC supply is locked out and that the amplifier’s
front circuit breaker is switched to the “off” position prior to connecting the AC mains cable.
Circuit
Breaker
AC
Mains
Cable
Figure 3
2.5 MRI SYSTEM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS
The maximum allowable applied voltage to the RS-232 connections below is ±12 volts. All other
input signals have a maximum allowable applied voltage of 5.25 volts except where noted. If these
levels are exceeded the amplifier may be damaged.
The MRI System Interface and Output Connectors are:
1) X1 RF Input
2) X2 RF Output
3) X3 Parallel Interface
4) X4 RF Enable (Gating input)
5) X5 Forward Power Monitor
6) X6 Reflected Power Monitor
7) X9 RS-232 Control (Serial control interface)
8
Interface
connections
across the top
front of the
amplifier
Figure 4
The interface connections are above the FRU module access cover. See Figure 4.
A close up of the interface connections and designators can be seen in Figure 5 below.
Figure 5
3.0 AMPLIFIER CONTROL AND MONITORING
The amplifier is controlled, during normal operation, via the parallel interface on the front of the
amplifier. Local user control is also available via the RS-232 communications port. Additional
front panel connectors accommodate RF input, RF enable, RF forward- and reflected-power
monitors and the RF output.
Connection to primary mains power is made via the factory installed AC mains cable located in
the front of the amplifier (see Section 2.4).
Once the desired operating parameters are selected and the amplifier is commanded to OPERATE
it will automatically execute its turn-on sequence, check operating conditions and set power trip
points. Correspondingly, when the system is commanded to OFF, a reverse-order turn-off
sequence is executed.
9
The amplifier contains a System Controller that monitors several internal parameters and provides
management, monitoring, and diagnostics. The controller protects the amplifier from most
abnormal operating conditions by switching the unit either to OFF when a fault condition is
detected.
After a fault occurs a message is sent via the parallel and RS-232 interfaces to the host computer.
The message displayed includes a brief description of the detected problem. The amplifier cannot
be damaged by an incorrect command or command input sequence.
3.1 RS-232 CONTROL (X9)
Via a 9-pin female “D” connector
Pin Out:
1 Chassis Ground (ground or amplifier common)
3 TX Data from the amplifier
2 RX Data to the amplifier
5 Signal Ground
3.2 PARALLEL INTERFACE (X3)
The parallel interface is the primary control interface when the system is in Operate.
Pin Function TTL Level Description / Status
1 AC Off Amplifier control

High OFF state
Low STANDBY/OPERATE
2 Fault Reset Amplifier control

High Fault reset
Low Standby – Fault Reset
3 General Fault High Fault condition

Low No fault condition
4 Average Power Fault High Fault condition

5 Safe Operating Condition High Fault condition

(SOAR) Low No fault condition
10
6 Overheat/Current High Fault condition
or Voltage Fault Low No fault condition
7 Gating Readback High Gating disabled

Low Gating enabled
8 DC Off Amplifier control

High STANDBY state
Low OPERATE state
13 R-DC-OFF Readback status

High OFF/STANDBY state
Low ON state
12 R-AC-OFF Readback status

High OFF state
Low STANDBY or ON state
9 LOW/HIGH MODE Amplifier control

High Select LOW mode
Low Select HIGH mode
10 R-LOW-MODE Readback status

High LOW mode
Low HIGH mode
15 Peak Power Fault High Fault condition

11 Logic Shutdown Amplifier control

High Disables amplifier
Low Enables amplifier
14 Ground
3.3 RF ENABLE (X4)
BNC Connector - TTL level signal requiring a low or ground to activate the amplifier and allow a
signal to be amplified.
11
3.4 RF INPUT (X1)
BNC Connector - RF input driving signal to the amplifier. Nominal level at this connector is
0 dBm.
3.5 RF OUTPUT (X2)
The type 7/16” coaxial cable connector (Figure 6) is capable of handling the powers, listed by
mode, below:
Mode HIGH: 18,000 watts peak

Mode LOW: 500 watts peak.
RF
Output
Figure 6
**Do not operate the amplifier without a body coil or suitable RF load.
4.0 SYSTEM INTERLOCKS
Safety interlocks are provided to protect the amplifier, service personnel, and the MRI system.
They provide operational safety but cannot replace a competent system operator. These safety
interlocks are described in sections 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3.
4.1 LOGIC SHUTDOWN INTERLOCK
During normal operation pin 11 of the Parallel Interface connector X3 (the logic interlock) must be
held "low". If at any time this pin is allowed to go "high" or “open” the amplifier will immediately
switch itself OFF and transmit a Fault 42 (Logic Shutdown; see section 6.5, item 42). This interlock
ensures the MRI system is connected to the amplifier.
12
4.2 FAULT INTERLOCK
For PA/IPA failure faults and the System Failure fault, a “lockout” feature exists in the software
that will disable the amplifier if the fault is experienced three times before the operate state is
reached. The software lockout can only be reset if the amplifier’s circuit breaker is cycled off and
on.
4.3 WATCHDOG TIMER
The watchdog timer is a free-running circuit that continuously attempts to generate a hardware reset.
The amplifier control software will clear and reset the watchdog timer upon each successful
completion of its control loop. If for any reason the control software is unable to reset the timer, the
watchdog circuitry generates a hardware trip. The trip immediately results in the amplifier switching
to the OFF state.
No Fault code is generated by the watchdog trip. The message:
MKS Instruments
MODEL 53-S30-64
Copyright © 2005 MKS – All Rights Reserved
is transmitted indicating a hardware trip has occurred. If no other faults are detected, the amplifier
can immediately be commanded ON again.
5.0 SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS
5.1 RS-232 SERIAL INTERFACE (X9)
The amplifier is configured as a DTE. Connection is via a female 9-pin “D” subminiature
connector, X9, on the front panel.
The RS-232 parameters are:
1) 8 data bits
2) 1 stop bit
3) No parity
4) Baud rate: set to 9600 baud
13
5.2 SYSTEM SERIAL COMMANDS AND AMPLIFIER RESPONSES
All command inputs are composed of upper- or lowercase ASCII characters terminated with a
carriage return <CR>. Linefeed <LF> characters are ignored. Upon receipt of a carriage return, the
command is decoded and executed. The “?” can be issued with a command to return the
command's current status (e.g. TIME = ? returns the current time in 24-hour format).
Valid Commands:
APWR = ?
AVEP = <RESET>
DATE = < Ww | Ddd | Mmm | Yyy | ? >
where w = 1-7 for the day of the week, starting with Sunday
where dd = 0 - 31 day
where mm = 0 - 12 month
where yy = 0 - 99 year
DOSH = < 0 - 1100 W | ? >
DOSL = < 0 - 400 W | ? >
ECHO = < ? | ON | OFF >
FCPL = < # of bits>
FAULT = < ? | * | 0-127 | CLEAR >
FAULTLIST = Returns a list of all possible faults
FPWR = < ? >
GAIN = <0.001dB> Increments the gain of the amplifier form current gain setting.
HELP
HOURS = < ? >
IDENT = < ? >
MODE = < LOW | HIGH | ? >
OPER = < OFF | ST | ON | ? >
14
PWRH = < 0 - 25,000 W | ? >
PWRL = < 0 - 800 W | ? >
RPWR = < ? >
TIME = < Hhh | Mmm | Sss | ? >?
where hh = 0 - 24 hours
where mm = 0 - 59 minutes
where ss = 0 - 59 seconds
VER = <?>
Valid responses from the amplifier are as follows.
Note: ♦ = space character

Table of Commands and Responses
Parent Command Amplifier Response
OPER=OFF s1_OFF
OPER=ST s2_STBY
OPER=ON s3_ON
OPER=? Returns current amplifier state
MODE=? Returns current amplifier mode
MODE=LOW n1_LOW
MODE=HIGH n3_HIGH
PWRH= ? p5_PWRH= ♦
PWRL= ? p7_PWRL=♦
DOSH= ? p1_DOSH=♦
DOSL= ? p3_DOSL=♦
FPWR= ? r3_FPWR=♦
APWR= ? r5_APWR=♦
RPWR= ? r7_RPWR= ♦
AVEP=RESET r6_AVERAGE♦POWER♦RESET
AVEP= ? r5_AVEP=♦
FAULT= ? f1_FAULT= <last known fault>
FAULT= * f1_FAULT= <up to last 128 fault incidents>
15
Parent Command Amplifier Response
FAULT= CLEAR f2_FAULT= CLEAR
TIME= ? t9_TIME= hh:mm:ss
TIME= Hdd t9_TIME= hh:mm:ss
TIME= Mdd t9_TIME= hh:mm:ss
TIME= Sdd t9_TIME= hh:mm:ss
DATE= ? d1_DATE= <day of the week> dd-mm-yyyy
DATE= Ww d1_DATE= <day of the week> dd-mm-yyyy
DATE= Ddd d1_DATE= <day of the week> dd-mm-yyyy
DATE= Mmm d1_DATE= <day of the week> dd-mm-yyyy
DATE= Yyy d1_DATE= <day of the week> dd-mm-yyyy
h1_AMPHOURS= < hours>
HOURS= ?
h2_SITEHOURS= < hours>
id_IDENT= <customer ID> - <system model #> -
IDENT= ?
<frequency> <serial number>
MKS Instruments
VER= ? 63.87MHz Solid State Amplifier
< prints current software revisions>
ECHO= ON x3_READY
ECHO= OFF x3_READY
HELP < Prints the help list >
FAULTLIST < Prints list of Faults >
VSWR= ? r8_VSWR=♦
g1_GAIN=
GAIN= <0.001dB>
Corrected RFP Value: LSB = 0.001dB
FCPL= <bits> c1_FCPL= <adjustment data>
RCPL= <bits> c2_RCPL= <adjustment data>
“ENTER” pressed without a command e1_SYNTAX♦ERROR
16
5.3 SERIAL COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
APWR= ?
The APWR command returns the average power output from the amplifier in watts. The returned
message when the amplifier is producing an average power of 1000 watts is:
r5_APWR=♦1000
AVEP=< RESET | ? >
This command is used to reset the average power accumulator to 0. The command may be issued at
any time.
The returned message is:
r6_AVERAGE POWER RESET for an AVEP=RESET command
r5_APWR=xxxx where xxxx is the average power in watts for an AVEP=? or APWR=? Command
DATE= < Ww | Ddd | Mdd | Ydd | ? >

The DATE command is used to set and read the system's real time clock. The format for the DATE
command is shown below:
DATE= Ww (set the day-of-the-week)
Where w is a number between 1 and 7
DATE= Ddd (set the day-of-the-month)
Where dd is a number between 1 and 31.
DATE= Mmm (set the month-of-the-year)
Where dd is a number between 1 and 12.
DATE= Yyy (set the year)
Where dd is a number between 00 and 99. Only the last two digits of the year are entered.
DATE=? returns the message
d1_DATE=♦<day of the week>♦ dd-mm-yyyy
DOSx
DOSH= xxxx where 0 < xxxx < 1100 watts
DOSL= xxx where 0 < xxx < 400 watts
The DOSx command is used to set the average output power trip point
where x = H for mode HIGH

x = L for mode LOW
Whenever a DOSx command is issued the amplifier will return the average power output trip point
in watts for mode x. The response is the same for the DOSx=?. The response will be:
p1_DOSH=♦xxxx for mode HIGH

p3_DOSL=♦xxxx for mode LOW
17
ECHO= < ON | OFF >
The ECHO= command enables or disables the system’s character echoing.
When ECHO=ON the system will echo each character sent.
The default setting of the ECHO command is ON.
FAULT= < ? | * | CLEAR >

A fault log will store a record of all faults up to a maximum of 128 incidents where an incident can
consist of more than one fault.
The command returns the fault code plus a short description of the fault. The command format is:
FAULT= ? returns the last fault that occurred, e.g.
f1_FAULT=♦xx♦SHORT FAULT DESCRIPTION
FAULT= * returns up to the last 128 incidents that have occurred, e.g.
INCIDENT TIME: ♦DATE<mm-dd-yyyy>♦TIME<hh-mm-ss>♦Systime:<seconds in Hex>

f1_FAULT=♦xx♦SHORT FAULT DESCRIPTION♦@♦Systime <last 2 digits of Systime when
fault occurred>
The first number, xx, is the fault code. A fault code of "00" indicates no fault.
Next listed is the date and time stamp followed by a short description of the fault. See section 7 for
a listing of the descriptions associated with each fault.
FAULT= CLEAR returns the last fault that occurred, e.g.
F2_FAULT= CLEAR
FPWR= < ? >

This command returns the most recent peak forward output power.
Operating forward power is sampled and the maximum sample is stored in memory. When the
FPWR=? command is issued, the amplifier returns the maximum power sample then clears the
memory.
The command format is:
FPWR= ? returns:
r3_FPWR=♦xxxxx
Where xxxxx is the forward power in watts.
18
HOURS= < ? >
The amplifier logs total on-time system. The total system on-time cannot be reset. Hour returns are
displayed to a maximum of six places.
The command format is:
HOURS= ?
h1_AMPHOURS=♦12356 (0 - 199999)
h2_SITEHOURS=♦10000 (0 - 199999)
IDENT= < ? >

The IDENT command retrieves the system model and serial numbers. Example:
IDENT= ? returns: id_IDENT= <customer ID> - <system model #> - <frequency> <serial number>
e.g. id_IDENT=♦53-S30-64♦F03172004A
MODE= < | LOW | HIGH | ? > (Most recent command between parallel and serial communications)
The MODE command reconfigures the amplifier for the desired range of RF output level.
The power levels for the S30-64 are: LOW 500 watts; and HIGH 18,000 watts.
A MODE=? command returns the present amplifier mode.
n1_LOW
n3_HIGH
OPER=< OFF | ST | ON | ? > (Most recent command between parallel and serial communications)
The Amplifier has three operational states: OFF, ST (Standby), and ON (or OPERATE). In the OFF
or ST state, only the System Controller has power applied. The System Controller monitors the
system and waits for the next command.
The System Controller is monitoring critical parameters and waiting for the next input command.
In the ON (or OPERATE) state, the amplifier is ready for operation. All power supplies are on; the
amplifier is ready to receive the drive signal. The System Controller continues to monitor all critical
performance parameters and waits for the next command.
OPER=OFF turns the amplifier OFF.
OPER=ST switches the amplifier from OFF or OPERATE to STANDBY.
OPER=ON switches the amplifier to OPERATE.
OPER=? asks the amplifier to return its present state, i.e. one of the following:
s1_OFF or
s2_STBY or
s3_ON
19
PWRx
PWRH= xxxxx where 0 < xxxxx < 25,000 watts
PWRL= xxx where 0 < xxx < 800 watts
The PWRx command is used to set the peak power trip point
where x = H for mode HIGH

x = L for mode LOW
Whenever a PWRx=? command is issued the amplifier will return the peak power trip point in
watts for mode < x >. The response will be:
p5_PWRH=xxxxx for mode HIGH

p7_PWRL=xxx for mode LOW
TIME=<| Hhh | Mmm | Sss |?>

The TIME command is used to read and set the real time clock. The format for the TIME command
is:
TIME= Hhh (set hours)

t9_TIME= hh:mm:ss
Where hh is a number between 0 and 23.
TIME= Mmm (set minutes)

t9_TIME= hh:mm:ss
Where mm is a number between 0 and 59.
TIME= Sss (set seconds)

t9_TIME= hh:mm:ss
Where ss is a number between 0 and 59.
TIME= ? (returns the current time)

t9_TIME= hh:mm:ss
20
6.0 FAULT-FINDING AND DIAGNOSTICS
6.1 SYSTEM FAULT REPORTING
The control system continuously monitors the amplifier for malfunctions or over-drive conditions. If
an abnormal condition occurs, the amplifier switches to the OFF state. The status LEDs above the
front access cover will indicate a fault condition and the status of the amplifier (Figure 7). The
amplifier will indicate whether a fault exists for the entire amplifier or for only one of the field
replaceable units (FRUs). This is detailed in Sections 6.3 and 6.4. Faults should be verified as being
repeatable prior to any hardware replacements.
For PA/IPA failure faults and the System Failure fault, a “lockout” feature exists in the
software that will disable the amplifier if the fault is experienced three times before the
operate state is reached. The software lockout can only be reset if the amplifier’s circuit
breaker is cycled off and on.
Figure 7
6.2 EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL INDUCED FAULTS
Faults can be reported by the amplifier because of problems internal to the amplifier as well as
problems caused by external conditions. Faults caused by external conditions are generally related
to system interface or environmental issues and are correctable. The faults reported by the
amplifier cannot positively identify whether the fault was induced by external or internal
conditions. For any fault that could be caused by external conditions, the “Fault
Description/Corrective Actions” column in Section 6.5 will have suggestions for correcting the
problem condition.
21
6.3 AMPLIFIER FAULTS
When an amplifier fault occurs the amplifier will shut down and the “FAULT” LED will be
illuminated on the front panel (Figure 7). The specific fault code will be transmitted to the MRI
system and will also be recorded into the amplifier fault log. A time stamp of the fault will be
recorded along with the code. Full descriptions of the various codes and corrective actions for each
are detailed in Section 6.5.
6.4 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNIT (FRU) FAULTS
Toward the top of each replaceable module (FRU) there is a status LED that will be lit green
whenever the amplifier is in operation (Figure 8). When a FRU is responsible for the fault the
“FRU-FAULT” LED on the front of the amplifier will be lit and the status LED on the module
causing the fault will turn red. A fault code indicating which module failed will be transmitted to
the MRI system and will also be recorded into the amplifier fault log. A time stamp of the fault
will be recorded along with the code. Full descriptions of the various codes and corrective actions
for each are detailed in Section 6.5.
Status
LED
Figure 8
6.5 SYSTEM FAULT CODES
Following is a listing of fault codes and fault descriptions. Following the fault description are the
corrective actions to eliminate the fault.
Note: The first action for any fault should be to re-initialize the amplifier by turning off the
mains circuit breaker and waiting 10 seconds. Then turn the circuit breaker back on and
retry. If the fault persists follow the corrective actions below for the specific fault condition
reported by the amplifier.
22
Fault Possible
Fault Name Service Action(s)
Code Cause(s)
11 DIGITAL 3.3V 1. Defective The amplifier is reporting a system failure. The
REGULATOR amplifier entire amplifier must be replaced if the fault
condition persists.
12 +15V OUT OF 1. Defective The amplifier is reporting a system failure. The
LIMITS amplifier entire amplifier must be replaced if the fault
condition persists.
13 +5V OUT OF 1. Defective The amplifier is reporting a system failure. The
condition persists.
14 COINCELL 1. Corrosion on 1. Inspect and/or clean RFDC battery contact
BATTERY LOW battery contact using anti-corrosive chemical on battery. See
2. Failed battery Section 7.6.1 for addition of contact
on amplifier restoration chemical agent.
control board. 2. Replace battery on the control board if
3. Defective problem persists. See Section 7.6.
amplifier 3. The entire amplifier must be replaced if the
fault condition persists.
25 -15V OUT OF 1. Defective The amplifier is reporting a system failure. The
condition persists.
42 LOGIC 1. Poor X3 Pin 11 on the parallel interface connection (X3)
SHUTDOWN connection was found to be open or in the “high” state. Verify
2. Damaged that the connector is properly seated to the
interface cable amplifier and retry. If the fault condition
3. MR interface continues, pin 11 is not being held in the “low”
problem low state by the MRI system or the amplifier is
4. Defective defective.
amplifier
44 SOFTWARE 1. Internal 1. Re-start the amplifier.
VERSION amplifier 2. The entire amplifier must be replaced if the
communication fault condition persists.
failure.
2. Defective
amplifier
47 SYSTEM 1. Excessive 1. Air temperature in the amplifier is too hot due
TEMPERATUR ambient air to reduced airflow or excessive ambient
E VIOLATION temperature or temperature. Verify that the ambient room
the amplifier temperature meets the operating requirements
airflow is and that nothing is blocking airflow to or from
blocked. the amplifier. Allow the amplifier to cool for 5
2. Defective minutes and retry.
amplifier 2. If the fault condition continues, replace the
amplifier.
51 PA 1 FAILURE 1. PA 1 module 1. The PA 1 module has failed. Remove and
not seated inspect the blind mate D-sub connector on the
properly rear of the appropriate module and retry.
2. Defective PA 2. Swap PA1 into another slot and see if the fault
module follows the PA module. If the fault condition
3. Defective continues replace the module.
amplifier 3. If the fault condition continues replace the
amplifier.
23
Fault Possible
Code Cause(s)
3. Defective follows the PA module, replace the module.
amplifier.
amplifier.
amplifier.
amplifier.
amplifier.
59 IPA FAILURE 1. IPA module not 1. The IPA driver module has failed. Remove
seated properly and reseat the driver module and retry.
2. Defective IPA 2. If the fault condition continues replace the
module IPA driver module.
60 SOFTWARE 1. Internal The entire amplifier must be replaced if the fault
FAILURE software condition persists.
failure.
2. Defective
amplifier
24
Fault Possible
Code Cause(s)
70 GAIN LOOP 1. Incorrect RF 1. Verify that no out of band signals greater than
RAIL HIGH input –30dBm exist on the input to the amplifier.
2. Defective 2. The entire amplifier must be replaced if the
amplifier fault condition persists.
71 GAIN LOOP 1. Incorrect RF 1. Verify that no out of band signals greater than
RAIL LOW input –30dBm exist on the input to the amplifier.
72 PHASE LOOP 1. Incorrect RF 1. Verify that no out of band signals greater than
RAIL HIGH input –30dBm exist on the input to the amplifier.
73 PHASE LOOP 1. Incorrect RF 1. Verify that no out of band signals greater than
RAIL LOW input –30dBm exist on the input to the amplifier.
89 POWER 1. Communication 1. Re-start the amplifier.
SUPPLY failure between 2. The entire amplifier must be replaced if the
FAILURE the PS and fault condition persists.
amplifier
controller.
2. Defective
amplifier
93 UNBLANK 1. Incorrect pulse 1. The unblank sequence (gating time) exceeds
TIMING sequence specified limits. Verify that the pulse sequence
VIOLATION 2. Defective input does not exceed these limits and correct
amplifier if needed. Use a Philips approved sequence.
2. If the fault condition continues replace the
amplifier.
94 SHORT TERM 1. Incorrect pulse 1. Short-term forward average power has
AVERAGE sequence exceeded the maximum safe value in a
POWER 2. Driver input is 250msec period. Use a Philips approved
EXCEEDED too high sequence.
3. Defective 2. Verify that the input drive does not exceed
amplifier specifications and correct if needed.
amplifier.
95 FWD POWER 1. Driver input is 1. Forward delivered power exceeds specified
EXCEEDED too high limits. Verify that the input drive does not
2. Output cable or exceed specifications and correct if needed.
load problem 2. Check the RF transmit path (VSWR, insertion
3. Defective loss, transmit path cabling).
amplifier
25
Fault Possible
Code Cause(s)
96 RFL POWER 1. Output 1. Reflected power exceeds specified limits.
EXCEEDED connection, Verify that the amplifier is terminated into a
cable or load proper load. Ensure that the RF output
problem connections are secure and that there is no
2. Defective damage to the connectors or the cable. Check
amplifier the RF transmit path (VSWR, insertion loss,
transmit path cabling).
amplifier.
97 LONG TERM 1. Driver input is 1. The long-term forward average power has
AVERAGE too high exceeded the value set by the DOSx
POWER 2. Output cable or command. Verify that the input drive does not
EXCEEDED load problem exceed this limitation.
3. Defective 2. Check the RF transmit path (VSWR, insertion
amplifier loss, transmit path cabling).
amplifier.
98 SYSTEM 1. Defective The amplifier is reporting a system failure. The
FAILURE amplifier entire amplifier must be replaced if the fault
condition persists.
7.0 FIELD REPLACEABLE UNITS (FRU)
The amplifier consists of seven RF modules (1 driver and 6 PAs). The modules are designed for
replacement in the field by personnel qualified to service the amplifier. The replaceable modules
are located at the front of the amplifier and can be accessed by removing the front panel cover.
FRUs within this system are limited to the RF modules and the entire amplifier.
Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) MKS Part Number

Complete S30 RF amplifier 53-S30-64
Driver module (1 per amplifier) ARX-X634-SP
PA module (6 per amplifier) ARX-X625-SP
7.1 AMPLIFIER REMOVAL
Spare amplifiers are shipped in special crates that are designed to assist in the removal and
installation of the amplifier into the equipment rack. Do not attempt to remove the amplifier from
the rack without having the spare amplifier (with crate) available. See Figure 9.
26
Reversible pallet
(lid/base)
Crate Box
Amplifier
(Side removed)
Reversible
pallet (lid/base)
Figure 9
All connections to the amplifier are made with standard tools; no special tools are needed.
Follow these steps:
1) Power the amplifier to be replaced down to the “Off” state and shut off the front circuit
breaker.
2) Turn off the branch breaker supplying the amplifier with AC power and ensure that the
breaker is “locked out” so it can’t be turned on while the amplifier is being replaced.
3) Disconnect the L1, L2, L3 and ground lead connections that supplies the AC power to the
front of the amplifier.
4) Disconnect the MR interface and RF output cables.
5) Remove the 8 screws from the mounting slots that secure the amplifier to the equipment
rack. See Figure 10.
Mounting
Slots
Figure 10
27
6) Position the spare amplifier crate near the amplifier you want to remove.
7) Remove the top lid from the crate box and rotate it 180 degrees so the inner portion of the
lid now faces up. See Figure 11. The lid will now serve as the pallet base of the crate for
packaging the amplifier that will be removed.
Figure 11
8) Position the base of the crate flush against the MR equipment rack directly below the
amplifier that will be removed. Using the finger holds on the front of the amplifier pull the
amplifier out of the rack so it slides onto the crate base in front of the rack. See Figure 12.
Front of
Slide onto equipment
crate base rack
Amplifier
Figure 12
9) Transfer the crate box from the spare amplifier base and secure it to the base with the
removed amplifier. See Figure 13.
Figure 13
10) Set the removed amplifier and open crate to the side.
28
7.2 AMPLIFIER INSTALLATION
Follow these steps:
1) Position the spare amplifier and crate base so it is flush against the MR equipment rack
and the amplifier is aligned with the equipment rack mounting rails. See Figure 14.
Front of
equipment
Slide onto rack
mounting Amplifier
rails
Figure 14
2) Slide the amplifier off of the crate base and onto the equipment rack mounting rails. See
Figure 14. Push the amplifier all of the way into the rack until the mounting slots are flush
with the mounting holes on the front of the rack.
3) Secure the amplifier to the rack using the mounting slots located on the amplifier front
panel. See Figure 10.
4) Reconnect the AC mains supply per Section 2.4.
5) Make the necessary interface connections to the MRI system per Section 2.5.
6) Install the remaining reversible pallet onto the top of the crate and secure it for shipment.
7.3 RF MODULE OVERVIEW
The RF modules are mounted vertically between card guide slots within the amplifier. The driver
module is located on the far left side of the amplifier and should only be installed in this location.
The PA modules can be installed in any of the designated PA slots (interchangeable). Each RF
module has a status LED that is visible through the front panel air slots. Green indicates that the
module is working properly. Red indicates that the module has failed.
29
Figure 15
7.4 MODULE REMOVAL
Shut the amplifier down, make sure the front circuit breaker is in the off position and that AC
power has been removed from the amplifier before accessing the FRU modules. Remove the
amplifier’s front access cover using a cross-type screwdriver for the six screws securing it to the
chassis. The modules are easily removed by pulling firmly on the flexible strap that is accessible
after removing the amplifier’s front cover. See Figure 16.
Figure 16
The strap also serves as a handle for carrying the module outside of the amplifier. See Figure 17.
30
Figure 17
7.5 FRU MODULE INSTALLATION
Each module is positioned between an upper and lower card guide slots within the amplifier. See
Figure 18.
Upper
Card
Guide
Lower
Card
Guide
Figure 18
With the heat sink fins pointing to the right, position the upper and lower guide rails into the
mating card guide slots. See Figures 19 and 20.
31
Card
Guide Rail
Figure 19
Figure 20
Slide the module into the amplifier until you feel it make contact with the mating PCB. The rear
connectors of the modules are designed for “blind mating” so no special alignment is necessary.
Push firmly on the center of the module until it locks into place. Ensure that the front of the
module is flush with the adjacent modules. Re-install the access cover on the front of the amplifier.
Refer to the “Intera Achieva RF-chain SPD”, section replacement procedures, for further
instructions as to which tests have to be executed after FRU replacement.
**Note: The modules must all be locked into place before the front access cover can be
installed.
32
7.6 RF and DIGITAL CONTROLLER (RFDC) BATTERY CHANGE INSTRUCTIONS.
Note: Proper ESD guidelines must be followed. Wear a Static Strap that is connected to a proper
ground at all times.
Note: Before replacement of the battery, ensure that there is no corrosion between the battery and
the metal contact that holds the battery in place.
Procedure:
1) Ensure amplifier breaker is in the OFF position (Wait 3 minutes for energy within the power
supply to discharge)
2) Remove top cover of the S30 unit
3) Inspect the battery and the silver connection tab for corrosion/oxidation and clean as
necessary. (Note: If corrosion is found on the battery and/or the connection tab, proceed to
steps 2-4 of section 7.6.1 for the application of contact restoration/cleaning agent. The
chemical application of section 7.6.1 is not a requirement but is intended for preventative
measures.)
4) Remove battery from the RF and Digital Controller (RFDC) PCB. Battery is located at the far
right of the PCB. See Figure 21
33
3V
Lithium
Battery
Front of Amplifier
Figure 21
5) Install new battery in place of old one. Commercial part number: CR2032 (3V Lithium).
12NC: 452215030761 used on Philips host computer systems.
6) Place top cover back onto the S30 amplifier.
7) Turn circuit breaker to ON and wait for the amplifier to initialize.
8) Refer to the “Intera Achieva RF-Chain SPD”, section replacement procedures, for further
instructions as to which tests have to be executed.
OR
Update the time and date information in the amplifier memory using manual serial commands:
a-Type “DATE=Ww” [Enter] (where w=1-7 for the day of the week starting with Sunday)
b-Type “DATE=Ddd” [Enter] (where dd=1-31 for the day)
c-Type “DATE=Mmm” [Enter] (where mm=1-12 for the month)
d-Type “DATE=Yyy” [Enter] (where yy=0-99 for the year)
Note: The Date and Time are NOT case sensitive (e.g. “Date=d12”, “TIME=H05)
34
9) Cycle the breaker from ON to OFF to ON and ensure the time and date has been saved:
a-Type “DATE=?” [Enter]

b-Type “TIME=?” [Enter]
Note: If time and date does not stay programmed or the fault persists after following this
procedure, the amplifier must be returned to MKS for further problem investigation.
7.6.1 APPLICATION OF ANTI-CORROSIVE CHEMICAL AGENT
1) Perform Steps 1-3 of Section 7.6 above.

2) Place a small amount (approximately 2-3 drops) of anti-corrosive DEOXIT
chemical in the center of the positive connection between the battery and the holder
tab and remove any excess as needed. MKS part number: 1031040. Manufacturer
part number: D100L-25C, manufactured by CAIG Laboratories. See Figure 22
below. Note: This chemical has to be obtained locally. If the DEOXIT chemical
cannot be obtained locally, an alternative compatible contact cleaning agent may be
substituted.
Figure 22
3) Without removing the battery, rotate the battery approximately 45 degrees to ensure
the chemical reaches the contact area. See figure 23.
35
Figure 23
4) Proceed with steps 6-9 of section 7.6 above.
8.0 PLANNED MAINTENANCE

No planned maintenance is required for the amplifier.
36
9.0 SPECIFICATION SUMMARY
S30 POWER OUTPUT / GAIN / PULSE WIDTH / DUTY CYCLE PER MODE:
Mode Normal Max Power 18.0 kW Gain 72.6 ± 0.5 dB Pulse ≤ 5 ms Duty ≤ 3 %
Mode Low Max Power 500 W Gain 57 ± 0.5 dB Pulse ≤ 1 S Duty ≤ 50 %
MAX GATING ON TIME
Mode Normal: 20 ms
Mode Low: 1000ms
GAIN STABILITY:
Over 15 minute period < 0.5 dB; over 5,000 hours < 1.0 dB
PHASE LINEARITY:
Where Pout = (Pmax – 60 dB) to Pmax < 15 degrees over any 20 dB interval
PHASE STABILITY:
Over a 15 minute period < 3 degrees
RF ACTION:
Mode Normal 450mW x s2

Mode Low 500W x s2
PULSE DROOP:
Normal mode <1dB

1000 mS rectangular pulse Low mode < 5% energy error
OPERATING FREQUENCY RANGE:
63.870 ± 0.305 MHz
LOAD IMPEDANCE:
50 Ohms
37
OPERATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
Ambient temperature range + 10 to + 35 degrees C

Humidity 20 % to 90 % relative, non-condensing
Air pressure 70 kPa to 110 kPa
Magnetic field maximum 5 mT
STORAGE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
Ambient temperature range – 25 to + 70 degrees C

Humidity 5 % to 95 % relative, non-condensing
Air pressure 50 kPa to 110 kPa
AC MAINS SUPPLY:
Mains voltage three phase 380 / 400 VAC ± 10 %, 50 or 60 Hz ± 2 %

Max 16A RMS for each phase
Power factor ≥ 0.8
38

Medical Electronics: Technical Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medical Electronics: Technical Manual

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medical Electronics: Technical Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medical Electronics

HIGH POWER RF AMPLIFIER

4975 NORTH 30th STREET

COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO 80919

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

MKS Part No. ZMX-X196

1.1 SAFETY CONCERNS

The amplifier must be installed, operated, and serviced by qualified personnel.

1.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

The amplifier is compliant with RF emissions requirements specified by IEC 60601-1-2.

LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT INSIDE THE AMPLIFIER. DO NOT OPERATE

DO NOT PLACE HEAVY OBJECTS OR LIQUIDS ON TOP OF THE AMPLIFIER.

DO NOT BLOCK THE AMPLIFIER COOLING AIR INTAKE OR EXHAUST PORTS.

SAFETY STATEMENTS ARE PROVIDED IN APPROPRIATE AREAS THROUGHOUT

MKS IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR CORRECT INSTALLATION, APPLICATION, USE,

1.4 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

This label contains the following information:

Model Number: 53-S30-64

Serial Number: PMyyww####

Earth (Ground: Functional)

Protective Earth (Ground)

Attention, consult accompanying documents

Off (power: disconnection from the mains)

On (power: connection to the mains)

2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

2.2 FRU ASSEMBLIES

2.3 OPERATING MODES

1) Mode HIGH (18,000 watts peak @ 63.87 MHz ± 0.305KHz)

2.4 AC LINE (MAINS) CONNECTION

Green/yellow – Protective Earth ground

2.5 MRI SYSTEM INTERFACE CONNECTIONS

The MRI System Interface and Output Connectors are:

3.0 AMPLIFIER CONTROL AND MONITORING

3.1 RS-232 CONTROL (X9)

Via a 9-pin female “D” connector

3.2 PARALLEL INTERFACE (X3)

Pin Function TTL Level Description / Status

1 AC Off Amplifier control

2 Fault Reset Amplifier control

3 General Fault High Fault condition

4 Average Power Fault High Fault condition

5 Safe Operating Condition High Fault condition

7 Gating Readback High Gating disabled

8 DC Off Amplifier control

13 R-DC-OFF Readback status

12 R-AC-OFF Readback status

9 LOW/HIGH MODE Amplifier control

10 R-LOW-MODE Readback status

15 Peak Power Fault High Fault condition

11 Logic Shutdown Amplifier control

3.3 RF ENABLE (X4)

3.5 RF OUTPUT (X2)

Mode HIGH: 18,000 watts peak

4.0 SYSTEM INTERLOCKS

4.1 LOGIC SHUTDOWN INTERLOCK

4.3 WATCHDOG TIMER

No Fault code is generated by the watchdog trip. The message:

5.0 SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS

5.1 RS-232 SERIAL INTERFACE (X9)