8 SSC CH 8.3

८.
३ सहायकााः।
This is a very interesting chapter because it deals with तृतीया विभवताः
This chapter deals with the meaning ”By & with” (के द्वारा - से - के साथ ) in Sanskrit.
When the subject completes an action with the help of another word that word is called
सहायकााः and it means ”By & with” (के द्वारा - से - के साथ )
For eg.
“Ram is writing a book with pen”
Here the subject is Ram and he is completing the action of writing a book with the help of
another word which is pen. Here “with pen” is सहायकााः and it is called तृतीया विभवताः in
Sanskrit
As we all know by now, for masculine-feminine-neutral we have separate endings

The endings for masculine and neutral are same.
The endings for feminine are different.
For Masculine-Neutral we add  एन

For Feminine we add  अया / या
For eg-
देि + एन = देिने (Masculine)
िनम ् + एन  िन + एन = िनने (Neutral)

माला + अया = मालया
पािवती + या = पािवत्या
ु
१. साः सधाखण्डे
न वलखवत।  He is writing with a chalk.
२. अहं चरणेन ताडयावम।  I am kicking with leg.
३. अहं चमसेन खादावम।  I am eating with a spoon.
४. सा हस्तेन िादयवत।  She is playing with hand.
HW- in the कृ वत section they have given some words. Convert them into their सहायकाः as per the
example given below
 दन्तकू चवाः = दन्तकू चेन
 चरणाः = चरणेन
In the same way convert all the words upto बाणाः
१. साः यान ेन गच्छवत।  He is going by plane
ु ने िदावम।
२. अहं मख  I speak with mouth.
३. सा िस्त्रेण मार्वयवत।  She is wiping with a cloth.
४. मकव टाः व्यर्न ेन िीर्यवत।  The monkey is fanning with a fan.
The above words are in Neutral gender hence they have the same ending like masculine
words.
example given below
् न ेत्रेण
 न ेत्रम =
् िाहन ेन
 िाहनम =
(All the above words in Feminine Gender – स्त्रीवलङ्गम)्
१. सा मावपकया आवलखवत।  She draws with a scale.
२. बावलका छुवरकया कतवयवत।  Girl is cutting with knife.
३. माता िेल्लन्या रोवटकााः करोवत।  Mother is making roti with a roller.
४. बालकाः कू प्या दुग्धं वपबवत।  Boy is drinking milk with a bottle.
Feminine words ending with आ gets अया like मावपका  मावपकया

Feminine words ending with ई gets या like पािवती  पािवत्या
example given below
 रोवटका = रोवटकया
ु
 पवस्तका ु
= पवस्तकया
The word सह means “with” and the word सह is always used with words of all the genders.
मन्दाराः वननादेन सह खेलवत।  Mandar is playing with Ninad
विविका छात्रया सह श्लोकं पठवत।  Teacher is reading a shlok with a student
ु
नीला मोवहन्या सह पस्तकं पठवत।  Nila is reading a book with Mohini
The word विना means “without” in Hindi we say वबना and this word is used with all genders
१. मत्स्ााः र्लेन विना न र्ीिवन्त।  Fish cannot live without water.
ु े न विना वकमवप न खादवत।

२. बालकाः लड्डक  Boy does not eat anything without laddu.
३. िृद्धाः उपन ेत्रेण विना न पठवत। Old man cannot read without spectacles.
ALWAYS REMEMBER—we use the सहायकाः form of the words when we are using विना & सह
उत्तरावण
१. द्रोण्या
२. चमसेन
३. हस्तेन
४. दण्डेन
५. र्लेन
६. कुविकया

8 SSC CH 8.3

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८.

As we all know by now, for masculine-feminine-neutral we have separate endings

For Masculine-Neutral we add  एन

देि + एन = देिने (Masculine)

िनम ् + एन  िन + एन = िनने (Neutral)

२. अहं चरणेन ताडयावम।  I am kicking with leg.

३. अहं चमसेन खादावम।  I am eating with a spoon.

४. सा हस्तेन िादयवत।  She is playing with hand.

३. सा िस्त्रेण मार्वयवत।  She is wiping with a cloth.

४. मकव टाः व्यर्न ेन िीर्यवत।  The monkey is fanning with a fan.

२. बावलका छुवरकया कतवयवत।  Girl is cutting with knife.

३. माता िेल्लन्या रोवटकााः करोवत।  Mother is making roti with a roller.

४. बालकाः कू प्या दुग्धं वपबवत।  Boy is drinking milk with a bottle.

Feminine words ending with आ gets अया like मावपका  मावपकया

ु े न विना वकमवप न खादवत।

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