SQL

Short Notes !

DATABASE

By @Curious_.programmer

(!Jecurious_.progt'IIIMIIII'
What is SQL?
• sql is stand for structured query language.

• This database language is mainly designed

• sql is standard language for accessing and

Types of SQL Commands:

DML DCL
Data Manipulation Data Control
language language

CREATE INSERT GRANT COMMIT

ALTER REVOKE ROLLBACK

TRUNCATE

{!Jueurtous_.progt'M111181'
DDL COMMANDS:
• DDL (Data Definition Language) used to change the structure of the
table Like creating the table, altering the table&. Deleting the table.

• All the commands in the DDL are auto Committed that means it
permanently saves all the changes in the database.

1. CREATE:
this command is used to create a new database or table.

Syntax:
CREATE TABLE table_name (
columnl datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,

);

Example:
CREATE TABLE Employee
(
EmployeelD int,
FirstName varchar(255) ,
LastName varchar(255),
Addressline varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
);
2. Alter
The ALTER TABLE statement in Structured Query Language allows
you to add, modify, and delete columns of an existing table.

Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table name
ADD column_name datatype;

Example:
AlTER TABLE Employee
ADD Email varchar(255) ;

3. Drop
The DROP TABLE statement is used to drop an existing table in a database.
this command deletes both the structure &. Records Stored in table.

Syntax:
DROP TABLE table_name;

Example:
Drop TABLE Employee

eurious_.programmer
4. TRUNCATE
A truncate SQL statement is used to remove all rows (complete data)
from a table. It is similar to the DELETE statement with no WHERE clause.

Syntax:
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

Example:
TRUNCATE TABLE Employee;

DML COMMANDS:
1. INSERT
SQL INSERT statement is a SQL query. It is used to insert a single or a
multiple records in a table.

Syntax:
INSERT INTO table name
VALUES ( value1, value2, value3 ....);

Example:
INSERT INTO STUDENTS (ROLL_NO, NAME, AGE, CITY)
VALUES (1, Yadnyesh, 19, PUNE) ;

eurious_.programmer
2. UPDATE
The UPDATE statement is used to modify the existing records in a table.

syntax:
UPDATE table name
SET columnl = valuel, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;

Example:
UPDATE Customers
SET ContactName = 'Vadu', City= 'pune'
WHERE CustomerlD = 101;

3. DELETE

The DELETE statement is used to delete existing records in a table.

Syntax:
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition];

Example:
DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CustomerName='Vadu";

{!Jgeurious_.progt111M181'
DCL COMMANDS:

1. GRANT
It is used to give user access privileges to a database.

syntax:
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_ TABLE TO SOME_USER,
ANOTHER_USER;

2. REVOKE

GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_ TABLE TO SOME_ USER,

syntax:
REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_ TABLE FROM USERl, USER2;
TCL COMMANDS:
1. COMMIT
Commits a Transaction. The COMMIT command saves all the
transactions to the database since the last COMMIT or ROLLBACK
command.

Syntax:
COMMIT;

Example:
DELETE FROM Student WHERE AGE = 20;
COMMIT;

2. ROLLBACK

If any error occurs with any of the SQL grouped statements, all
changes need to be aborted. The process of reversing changes is
called rollback

Syntax:
ROLLBACK;

Example:
DELETE FROM Student WHERE AGE = 20;
ROLLBACK;

{1Jgeurious_.progt'IIIMl8f
 PDF uploaded on
Telegram
(Link in bio)

Do join for coding resources, Handwritten ~otes & Quizzes! !

https://t.me/Cunous_Coder

(!Jecurtous_.progt1111111111f