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Inverse Functions

This document discusses one-to-one functions and inverse functions. A one-to-one function maps each element in the domain to a unique element in the range. The inverse of a function undoes the original function - it maps the outputs of the original back to the inputs. To find the inverse algebraically, interchange x and y and solve for y. The inverse of a one-to-one function is also a function, while the inverse of a non-one-to-one relation is not. Examples are provided to illustrate inverse functions and their properties.

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Chelsea Roque
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
87 views

Inverse Functions

This document discusses one-to-one functions and inverse functions. A one-to-one function maps each element in the domain to a unique element in the range. The inverse of a function undoes the original function - it maps the outputs of the original back to the inputs. To find the inverse algebraically, interchange x and y and solve for y. The inverse of a one-to-one function is also a function, while the inverse of a non-one-to-one relation is not. Examples are provided to illustrate inverse functions and their properties.

Uploaded by

Chelsea Roque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Inverse
Functions
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTION

A function f is one-to-one if for each x in the domain


of f there is exactly one y in the range and no y in the
range is the image of more than one x in the domain.

ALTERNATE DEFINITION

A function y = f(x) with domain D is one-to-one on


D if and only if for every x1 and x2 in D, f(x1) = f(x2)
implies that x1 = x2.
ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTIONS

Which of the two mappings illustrate one-to-one function?

1 10 1 10

2 11 2 11

3 12 3 12

4 13 4 13

5 14 5 14

6 15 6 15

7 16 7 16
HORIZONTAL LINE TEST

A function y = f (x) is one-to-one if and only if


no horizontal line intersects the graph of y = f (x)
in more than one point.

y
Example: The function
y = x2 – 4x + 7 is not one-to-one (0, 7) (4, 7)
on the real numbers because the y=7
line y = 7 intersects the graph at
2
both (0, 7) and (4, 7). x
2
HORIZONTAL LINE TEST

Apply the horizontal line test to the graphs below to


determine if the functions are one-to-one.
a) y = x3 b) y = x3 + 3x2 – x – 1
y y
8 8

4 4

-4 4 -4 4
x x

one-to-one not one-to-one


INVERSE RELATION

Every function y = f (x) has an inverse relation x = f (y).

Function y = |x| + 1 Inverse relation x = |y| + 1


x y x y
2 2
1 3 1 3
0 2 0 2
-1 1 -1 1
-2 -2
Domain Range Range Domain

The inverse relation is not a function. It pairs 2 to both


-1 and +1.
INVERSE RELATION

The ordered pairs of the function f are reversed to


produce the ordered pairs of the inverse relation.
Given the function f = {(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 1), (4, 2)}, its
domain is {1, 2, 3, 4} and its range is {1, 2, 3}.
The inverse relation of f is {(1, 1), (3, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4)}.

The domain of the inverse relation is the range of the


original function.
The range of the inverse relation is the domain of the
original function.
INVERSE RELATION

The graphs of a relation and its inverse are reflections


in the line y = x.
Find the graph of the inverse relation geometrically
from the graph of f (x) = ( x 3
 2) y y=x
4 2
The ordered pairs of f are 3
( x  2)
given by the equation y  .
4 x
-2 2
The ordered pairs of the inverse are
( y 3
 2) . -2
given by x  ( y 3  2) ( x 3  2)
4 x y
4 4
INVERSE FUNCTION

Let f denote a one-to-one function y = f(x). The


inverse of f, denoted by f -1 , is a function such that
f -1(f( x )) = x for every x in the domain of f and
f(f -1(x)) = x for every x in the domain of f -1.

NOTE:
 To find the inverse of a function algebraically,
interchange x and y and solve for y.
1
 Domain of f  Range of f
1
Range of f  Domain of f
INVERSE FUNCTION

1. Find the inverse function of f(x) = 3x + 2.

y = 3x + 2 Original equation defining f


x = 3y + 2 Switch x and y.
3y + 2 = x Reverse sides of the equation.
( x  2)
y= Solve for y.
3

−1 𝑥−2
Therefore, 𝑓 𝑥 =
3
INVERSE FUNCTION

5
2. Find the inverse function of 𝑓 𝑥 = .
𝑥−3
5
𝑦= Original equation defining f
𝑥−3
5
𝑥= Switch x and y.
𝑦−3
𝑦−3 𝑥 =5 Multiply both sides by (y – 3).
𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 = 5 Distribute x.
3𝑥+5
𝑦= Solve for y.
𝑥

3𝑥+5
Therefore, 𝑓 −1 𝑥 =
𝑥
INVERSE FUNCTION

3. Find the inverse function of 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 3.

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 Original equation defining f


𝑥= 2𝑦 − 3 Switch x and y.
𝑥 2 = 2𝑦 − 3 Square both sides.
2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3 Isolate 2y.
𝑥 2 +3
𝑦= Solve for y.
2
𝑥 2 +3
Therefore, 𝑓 −1 𝑥 =
2
INVERSE FUNCTIONS

𝑥+1
Verify that the function 𝑓 𝑥 = is the inverse of
2
f(x) = 2x – 1.

( f ( x)  1) (( 2 x  1)  1) 2x
g( f(x)) = = = =x
2 2 2
f(g(x)) = 2g(x) – 1 = 2( x  1) – 1 = (x + 1) – 1 = x
2
It follows that g = f -1.
INVERSE FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE
A. Find the inverse of each function.
1
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = − 2 3. 𝑓 𝑥 = −2𝑥 3 + 1
𝑥
𝑥+7
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 7 4. 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−3

B. Verify that f and g are inverse functions.


1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6 ; 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 6
2 2
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = − 𝑥+1
;𝑔 𝑥 = − − 1
𝑥

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