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THE IMPACT OF THE IT IN THE SOCIETY

At present, the world is witnessing a rapid evolution process in the need for information
facilities in terms of quantity, quality and access to information, in order to make the
best decision based on the different changes and dynamics of the enterprises
environment.  This demonstrates clearly the growing importance of information systems
and their ability to satisfy the needs of enterprises information.  This emphasizes the
importance to develop these systems and to increase their effectiveness and efficiency.
One of the key elements of the success of these systems is that they have become
dependent on sophisticated technology that have greatly facilitated access to
information and clearly reduced access costs.

Definition of Information technologies

Information technology, widely known under its abbreviation (IT), is defined as “the
science and activity of using computers and other electronic equipment to store and
send information”

Effects of information technology in our daily activities

1. Effects on education
Information technology has made the education process more effective and productive.
It has increased the well-being of the students. Developed methods of education have
made this process easier, such as the replacement of books with tablets and laptops.
Moreover, the emergence of e-learning platforms that allows students to learn from their
homes. These platforms can be an effective alternative for people who are out of
school, or who have difficulties keeping up with their teachers in class. These platforms
gives students the chance to review the courses with simpler and more concrete
explanations at every moment, and this reinforces the educational process and leads to
better results in school for most of the students.

2.Effects on the health system

In the field of medicine, medical devices have known a remarkable development. They
have become more efficient. IT has entered these devices and turned them into digital
devices that facilitate their programming and handling. Thanks to IT sectors like the
artificial intelligence (AI) the world has witnessed distance surgeries thanks to robots,
the implementation of artificial members as artificial legs, hands and even artificial
cardio-aortic valves.
3. The political impact of (IT)
Technology holds the role of power. Information technologies play a decisive role in the
political landscape of countries. They have become widely used in electoral campaigns
to influence public opinion and especially to involve young people in the political life.
Politicians use technology in many ways to influence the growth of different individuals
in their respective spheres. The likes of Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube are powerful
communication media platforms that can easily raise the ratings of politicians.
Technology is a defining factor in most political races. Through technology, politicians
are able to access funds, gain political support, and spend less on campaigning and
pushing their candidacy. Housley claims that “technology appeals to a specific
demographic: the affluent, the educated, and the young”. Moreover, “while a YouTube
video may not sway the Grandparents in the crowd, the youngest voters are listening.
Does technology have the power to change the face of politics? The youth in America
are not currently an active voting bloc, but that younger generation will age, and it’s only
a matter of time before technology plays a critical role in elections”.

4. The economic impact of (IT)

Technological progress and organizational maturity have contributed to increased
production, capital accumulation and the creation of intense competition among
manufacturers. As a reflection of this competition, the R & D concept emerged as a
strategy of innovation through the harmony of scientific ideas and their practical
application by engineers and scientists making the R & D role into large sections with
technical, legal and administrative skills in maintaining the industrial location and a
reference to quality, productivity and cost. These developments have resulted in an
industrial culture that derives its momentum from the advances of science and
technology that mature and deepen as a natural result of research and development. [7]

5. The social impact of (IT)

It can be said that the social impact of information technology has two sides. It cannot
be one hundred percent negative nor hundred percent positive. It is a two-sided
weapon.
Sociologists likened the impact of information technology on society to transforming the
world from vast continents separating people and relatives, to a very small village
encompassing the entire world’s population, which is called globalization. Before
information technology communication between people required days even months to
reached each other. Thanks to information technology, communication between people
in different parts of the globe has become an easy and fast process, via different ways:
instant messaging, phone calls or video calls.

IoT (Internet of Things)

https://www.javatpoint.com/iot-internet-of-things
https://www.oracle.com/ph/internet-of-things/what-is-iot/
IoT tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of IoT. Our Internet of Things tutorial
is designed for beginners and professionals.

IoT stands for Internet of Things, which means accessing and controlling daily usable
equipments and devices using Internet.

What is an Internet of Things (IoT)

Let's us look closely at our mobile device which contains GPS Tracking, Mobile
Gyroscope, Adaptive brightness, Voice detection, Face detection etc. These
components have their own individual features, but what about if these all communicate
with each other to provide a better environment? For example, the phone brightness is
adjusted based on my GPS location or my direction.

Connecting everyday things embedded with electronics, software, and sensors to

internet enabling to collect and exchange data without human interaction called as the
Internet of Things (IoT).

The term "Things" in the Internet of Things refers to anything and everything in day to
day life which is accessed or connected through the internet.

As we have a platform such as a cloud that contains all the data through which we
connect all the things around us. For example, a house, where we can connect our
home appliances such as air conditioner, light, etc. through each other and all these
things are managed at the same platform. Since we have a platform, we can connect
our car, track its fuel meter, speed level, and also track the location of the car.
How does Internet of Thing (IoT) Work?

The working of IoT is different for different IoT echo system (architecture). However, the
key concept of there working are similar. The entire working process of IoT starts with
the device themselves, such as smartphones, digital watches, electronic appliances,
which securely communicate with the IoT platform. The platforms collect and analyze
the data from all multiple devices and platforms and transfer the most valuable data with
applications to devices.

Features of IOT

The most important features of IoT on which it works are connectivity, analyzing,
integrating, active engagement, and many more. Some of them are listed below:

Connectivity: Connectivity refers to establish a proper connection between all the

things of IoT to IoT platform it may be server or cloud. After connecting the IoT devices,
it needs a high speed messaging between the devices and cloud to enable reliable,
secure and bi-directional communication.

Analyzing: After connecting all the relevant things, it comes to real-time analyzing the
data collected and use them to build effective business intelligence. If we have a good
insight into data gathered from all these things, then we call our system has a smart
system.
Integrating: IoT integrating the various models to improve the user experience as well.

Artificial Intelligence: IoT makes things smart and enhances life through the use of
data. For example, if we have a coffee machine whose beans have going to end, then
the coffee machine itself order the coffee beans of your choice from the retailer.

Sensing: The sensor devices used in IoT technologies detect and measure any change
in the environment and report on their status. IoT technology brings passive networks to
active networks. Without sensors, there could not hold an effective or true IoT
environment.

Active Engagement: IoT makes the connected technology, product, or services to

active engagement between each other.

Endpoint Management: It is important to be the endpoint management of all the IoT

system otherwise, it makes the complete failure of the system. For example, if a coffee
machine itself order the coffee beans when it goes to end but what happens when it
orders the beans from a retailer and we are not present at home for a few days, it leads
to the failure of the IoT system. So, there must be a need for endpoint management.
Advantages and Disadvantages of (IoT)

Any technology available today has not reached to its 100 % capability. It always has a
gap to go. So, we can say that Internet of Things has a significant technology in a
world that can help other technologies to reach its accurate and complete 100 %
capability as well.

Let's take a look over the major, advantages, and disadvantages of the Internet of
Things.

Advantages of IoT

Internet of things facilitates the several advantages in day-to-day life in the business
sector. Some of its benefits are given below:

o Efficient resource utilization: If we know the functionality and the way that how
each device work we definitely increase the efficient resource utilization as well
as monitor natural resources.
o Minimize human effort: As the devices of IoT interact and communicate with
each other and do lot of task for us, then they minimize the human effort.
o Save time: As it reduces the human effort then it definitely saves out time. Time
is the primary factor which can save through IoT platform.
o Enhance Data Collection:
 o Improve security: Now, if we have a system that all these things are
interconnected then we can make the system more secure and efficient.

Disadvantages of IoT

As the Internet of things facilitates a set of benefits, it also creates a significant set of
challenges. Some of the IoT challenges are given below:

o Security: As the IoT systems are interconnected and communicate over

networks. The system offers little control despite any security measures, and it
can be lead the various kinds of network attacks.
o Privacy: Even without the active participation on the user, the IoT system
provides substantial personal data in maximum detail.
o Complexity: The designing, developing, and maintaining and enabling the large
technology to IoT system is quite complicated.

What technologies have made IoT possible?

While the idea of IoT has been in existence for a long time, a collection of recent
advances in a number of different technologies has made it practical.

 Access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology. Affordable and reliable

sensors are making IoT technology possible for more manufacturers.
 Connectivity. A host of network protocols for the internet has made it easy to
connect sensors to the cloud and to other “things” for efficient data transfer.
 Cloud computing platforms. The increase in the availability of cloud
platforms enables both businesses and consumers to access the
infrastructure they need to scale up without actually having to manage it all.
 Machine learning and analytics. With advances in machine learning and
analytics, along with access to varied and vast amounts of data stored in the
cloud, businesses can gather insights faster and more easily. The emergence
of these allied technologies continues to push the boundaries of IoT and the
data produced by IoT also feeds these technologies.
 Conversational artificial intelligence (AI). Advances in neural networks
have brought natural-language processing (NLP) to IoT devices (such as
digital personal assistants Alexa, Cortana, and Siri) and made them appealing,
affordable, and viable for home use.

What industries can benefit from IoT?

Organizations best suited for IoT are those that would benefit from using sensor devices
in their business processes.
Manufacturing
 Manufacturers can gain a competitive advantage by using production-line
monitoring to enable proactive maintenance on equipment when sensors detect
an impending failure. Sensors can actually measure when production output is
compromised. With the help of sensor alerts, manufacturers can quickly check
equipment for accuracy or remove it from production until it is repaired. This
allows companies to reduce operating costs, get better uptime, and improve
asset performance management.
Automotive
 The automotive industry stands to realize significant advantages from the use of
IoT applications. In addition to the benefits of applying IoT to production lines,
sensors can detect impending equipment failure in vehicles already on the road
and can alert the driver with details and recommendations. Thanks to aggregated
information gathered by IoT-based applications, automotive manufacturers and
suppliers can learn more about how to keep cars running and car owners
informed.

Transportation and Logistics

 Transportation and logistical systems benefit from a variety of IoT applications.
Fleets of cars, trucks, ships, and trains that carry inventory can be rerouted
based on weather conditions, vehicle availability, or driver availability, thanks to
IoT sensor data. The inventory itself could also be equipped with sensors for
track-and-trace and temperature-control monitoring. The food and beverage,
flower, and pharmaceutical industries often carry temperature-sensitive inventory
that would benefit greatly from IoT monitoring applications that send alerts when
temperatures rise or fall to a level that threatens the product.
Retail
 IoT applications allow retail companies to manage inventory, improve customer
experience, optimize supply chain, and reduce operational costs. For example,
smart shelves fitted with weight sensors can collect RFID-based information and
send the data to the IoT platform to automatically monitor inventory and trigger
alerts if items are running low. Beacons can push targeted offers and promotions
to customers to provide an engaging experience.

Public Sector
 The benefits of IoT in the public sector and other service-related environments
are similarly wide-ranging. For example, government-owned utilities can use IoT-
based applications to notify their users of mass outages and even of smaller
interruptions of water, power, or sewer services. IoT applications can collect data
concerning the scope of an outage and deploy resources to help utilities recover
from outages with greater speed.

Healthcare
 IoT asset monitoring provides multiple benefits to the healthcare industry.
Doctors, nurses, and orderlies often need to know the exact location of patient-
assistance assets such as wheelchairs. When a hospital’s wheelchairs are
equipped with IoT sensors, they can be tracked from the IoT asset-monitoring
 application so that anyone looking for one can quickly find the nearest available
wheelchair. Many hospital assets can be tracked this way to ensure proper
usage as well as financial accounting for the physical assets in each department.

General Safety Across All Industries

 In addition to tracking physical assets, IoT can be used to improve worker safety.
Employees in hazardous environments such as mines, oil and gas fields, and
chemical and power plants, for example, need to know about the occurrence of a
hazardous event that might affect them. When they are connected to IoT sensor–
based applications, they can be notified of accidents or rescued from them as
swiftly as possible. IoT applications are also used for wearables that can monitor
human health and environmental conditions. Not only do these types of
applications help people better understand their own health, they also permit
physicians to monitor patients remotely.

Automation
https://www.ibm.com/ph-en/topics/automation
Automation is a term for technology applications where human input is minimized. This
includes business process automation (BPA), IT automation, personal applications such
as home automation and more.

Types of automation

Basic automation
This level of automation is about digitizing work by using tools to streamline and
centralize routine tasks, such as using a shared messaging system instead of having
information in disconnected silos. 
Ex. Garage Opener Apps

Process automation
Process automation manages business processes for uniformity and transparency. It is
typically handled by dedicated software and business apps. Using process automation
can increase productivity and efficiency within your business. It can also deliver new
insights into business challenges and suggest solutions. Process mining and workflow
automation are types of process automation.
Ex. Automated teller machine

Integration automation
Integration automation is where machines can mimic human tasks and repeat the
actions once humans define the machine rules. One example is the “digital worker.” In
recent years, people have defined digital workers as software robots that are trained to
work with humans to perform specific tasks. They have a specific set of skills, and they
can be “hired” to work on teams.

Artificial intelligence (AI) automation

The most complex level of automation is artificial intelligence (AI) automation. The
addition of AI means that machines can “learn” and make decisions based on past
situations they have encountered and analyzed. For example, in customer service,
virtual assistants powered can reduce costs while empowering both customers and
human agents, creating an optimal customer service experience.
Ex. Google assistant

THE INFLUENCE OF IT ON CULTURE AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

People developed the language so they could communicate and learn from elders
through their stories. They invented tools for agriculture, to build homes, and to create
weapons for hunting and protection. More technology is developed as increase in
population. Technology not only increased humans’ life span but also the way how we
live (Barbara Bray). Initiated with the use of printing press, allowed the masses to
receive news, read books and attend school. Communities developed within large cities
to protect and sustain the different cultures. Every nation and its community has its own
identical coherence, culture, tradition and social norms and values. Living standard of
people has highly risen up and has become sophisticated due to technology.
Technological Impact on Culture

The culture of a society is reflected in values, norms and practices. Culture observes
itself through individuals to reflect their perception, practices, values and in transfer of
technology. Technology has a crucial impact on fundamental aspects of all our cultures
including language, art, mobility, education and religion. Culture of a community acts as
a standard for perceiving, judging and evaluating the technology. As technology
affects all the components of culture, it determines the direction of cultural development.
To occupy the larger cultural dimension, technology should be in harmony with social
and cultural conditions of community else there exists a friction between technological
development and preservation of cultural values. A rational balance allows people to
exercise freedom of expression in technical world which is beyond one’s ethnicity, age,
or level of education. People use it for fulfilling their fantasies but a cultural downfall may

Technological Impact on Tradition

There exists always a tough competition between technology and tradition in a

community. Technology has constrained the world into a global village by globalization.
Imagination of today’s life without electricity, transportation, communication, etc. takes
us back in time. The advancement in the field of medical science, engineering,
economy, etc. is as a result of technology. Industrialization, Urbanization,
Modernization, Development of the means of transport and communication is all
possible as a result of positive impact of technology. It also helps in networking of the
culture, tradition and coherence of the society. The 21st century has been so much
forward due to the progress of technology. 

Technological Impact on Social Values

The technology has given a wide range of topics to be discussed. People get to know
extensive knowledge about any subject and more information has been shared
effectively. Technology assists in transformation of economy and evolution of new social
classes too.

 Technology plays a crucial role to strengthen interpersonal connection. It has

contributed in the sector of health, transportation, electricity, etc. to all the demographic
factors of society eg: Modern farming replaced primitive farming allowing increased
crops, less time investment, etc.