Greek Mythology Reading Passages

Greek
mythology
Close Reading Passages
10 total
passages
My
Greek
mythology
Reading Passages
Name: ______________________
All About Zeus Name: _____________________
Close Reading Passage
Zeus was the ruler of the gods in Greek mythology. The Greeks
considered Zeus as a father figure and a protector, especially of
guests and strangers. Zeus was a sky and weather god, especially
associated with rain, thunder and lightning. People thought of Zeus
living on top of a mountain, and when he got mad he threw lightning
bolts out of the sky at people.
The Greek gods Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades were the three sons of
the Titans Cronus and his wife Rhea. The three brothers rebelled
against Cronus in the War with the Titans and divided up the dominions
of the Titans. After the war, Zeus became the ruler of the sky and
heavens, Hades became the ruler of the underworld, and Poseidon was
given all of the fresh and salt water. It was agreed that the Earth
would be ruled by all three gods, with Zeus as the king of the
Olympians.
In Greek Mythology the principle Greek gods were referred to
as the Twelve Olympians and lived on the summit of Mount Olympus.
Mount Olympus was protected by a special layer of clouds. Zeus sat on
his great throne in the clouds and ruled over the Olympians with his
wife, Hera, who was Queen of the gods.
Zeus’ primary role was to watch over the activities of the other
gods to ensure they did not exceed their powers. When Zeus got
angry he hurled his thunderbolt at people who deserved it. He was
incredibly powerful and was exceedingly terrifying when he was angry.
Zeus was also wise, fair, and generous with his praise.
Although Zeus was married to Hera, he had several

relationships with mortal woman, goddesses, and
nymphs. Because of his many relationships with
women, Zeus fathered many children. His children
included the goddess Aphrodite; and the gods Apollo,
Dionysus, and Hermes
As the king of all the gods, there are many myths

about the mighty Zeus.
1. Write a question about the text.
2. Make an inference about the passage.
3. What is the main idea of the passage?
4. Find words in the passage that describe Zeus.

Write the words in the bubbles.
Zeus
Comprehension Questions
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Zeus’s role in
Greek mythology.
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2. What happened when the three Greek gods Zeus,

Poseidon, and Hades rebelled against their father
Cronus in the War with the Titans?
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3. According to the text, what were the principle Greek

gods referred to and where did they live?
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4. Use context clues to define the underlined word

dominions. How were you able to figure out what the
word means?
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What is the focus of the first paragraph?
What is the focus of the second paragraph?
What is the focus of the third paragraph?
What is the focus of the fourth paragraph?
What is the focus of the fifth paragraph?

All About Hera Name: _____________________
Hera was the queen of the gods and

goddess of family, marriage, and
childbirth.Her parents were Cronus and
Rhea and she was the sister of Zeus. She
was also married to Zeus. Zeus was able to
win over Hera when he turned himself into
a cuckoo and flew into her arms. The two
fell in love and their wedding was such a
happy time that it lasted three hundred
years.
Their marriage quickly changed. Zeus had several
relationships with mortal women, goddesses, and nymphs.
This made Hera very angry and jealous. She schemed against
the other women and made them hide in fear.
Zeus and Hera had two children, both boys, Ares and
Hephaestus. Zeus also had many children with other women,
like Hermes, Apollo, and Hercules. Hera did not like that. Hera
was known for her jealous and vengeful nature against
Zeus's lovers and his children. Some, like Hercules, she even
tried to kill.
In anger, Hera dared to steal Zeus’s thunderbolt. This

made him very angry and his temper was stronger than hers.
Zeus hung Hera from the sky with anvils tied from her feet,
and freed her only when she asked for his forgiveness.
Zeus’s temper was stronger than Heras, but he truly feared
his wife.
Although Hera was beautiful, regal, and elegant in

appearance, her actions proved that her personality was
vain, suspicious, and vengeful. It was hard to ever predict
what Hera might do, but quite often, it was something
terrible.
4. Find words in the passage that describe Hera.

Hera
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Hera’s role in
Greek mythology.
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2. What happened when Hera’s husband Zeus fell in love

with many other women?
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3. According to the text, what happened when Hera

dared to steal Zeus’s thunderbolt?
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vengeful. How were you able to figure out what the
word means?
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All About Hephaestus Name: _____________________
Hephaestus was the son of Zeus and

Hera. He was born with bad luck.
Hephaestus was so weak and lame, Hera
took one look at him and dropped him out of
Olympus. He fell for a day and was rescued
by the sea goddess Thetis and her sisters.
They took him to their underwater home,
and there he lived in secret.
Hephaestus’s body grew strong, but he never learned
how to walk. He became a master craftsman and made
beautiful objects out of gold. Many of these gold objects he
gave to the goddesses as thanks for their kindness.
Nine years later Hera saw Thetis wearing a beautiful

gold piece of jewelry. She demanded to know where Thetis
got it. When Thetis told Hera that it was Hephaestus, she
regretted her actions. She called him back to Olympus,
allowed him to marry Aphrodite, and created an even bigger
workshop for him to make his gold.
Hephaestus became the worker of the gods. He made

them gold palaces, weapons, chariots, and tools. Since he was
unable to walk, he made two golden maidens for himself who
helped him move about. His artistry was the pride of
Olympus.
4. Find words in the passage that describe Hephaestus.

Hephaestus
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Hephaestus’s
role in Greek mythology.
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2. What happened when Hephaestus was born?
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3. According to the text, what happened nine years later

when Hera saw Thetis wearing a beautiful piece of gold?
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4. Use context clues to define the underlined word lame.

How were you able to figure out what the word means?
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All About Athena Name: _____________________
Athena had a most unusual birth. She was

the daughter of Zeus and one of his many women,
Metis. Zeus had been warned that if Metis bore a
son, he would overthrow Zeus just as Zeus and
Cronus had overthrown their own fathers. Zeus
decided not to take any chances so he lured Metis
close with his sweet words-- and swallowed her!
Soon after, Zeus had a horrible headache. He yelled for help.
Hephaestus fetched his ax and split open Zeus’s head. Out of Zeus’s
head came Athena, armed for action. She had inherited her mother’s
cunning ways and she immediately became her father’s favorite
advisor.
Athena held a powerful position in the ancient Greek god world.

She was an Olympian, one of the council of 12, who held a seat on
Mount Olympus. Athena was a warrior who hated war. She preferred
a more peaceful and logical approach to settling fights. Athena became
the goddess of wisdom, strategy, and war which is why she is usually
shown fully armed, with her shield and sword.
Nearly every town in ancient Greece had a god that looked after
the townspeople. Athena became the patron goddess of Athens. She
was awarded Athens during the reign of Cecrops, the first king of
Athens, as the prize of a contest with Poseidon, who also aspired to
have it.
The city of Athens was named after Athena. The people of Athens
built the Parthenon to house a huge statue of her for them to
worship. The Parthenon is located on the hill of the Acropolis at
Athens. It was built in the 5th century BC. Over the centuries, the
Parthenon has been greatly damaged, and its sculpture of Athena has
been removed.
4. Find words in the passage that describe Athena.

Athena
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Athena’s role in
Greek mythology.
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2. How was Athena born?
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3. According to the text, how did Athena become the

patron goddess of Athens?
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logical. How were you able to figure out what the word
means?
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All About Aphrodite Name: _____________________
Aphrodite was the goddess of love

and beauty. Some people believed she was
the daughter of Zeus, king of all the gods.
Others insist she simply appeared one day,
riding to shore on a wave of sea foam.
Aphrodite was one of the most beautiful and powerful
of the Greek gods. Her skin was said to be 'whiter than
ivory', her hair as golden as the yellow rays of the setting
sun, and her eyes were as blue as the summer sky. Her
beauty struck all who saw her and she made an impact on
the world of mortals just as much as she did with the other
Gods around her.
Zeus was worried that Aphrodite’s beauty would cause

trouble amongst the Greek gods and lead to war, so Zeus
married her to Hephaestus. Because of his ugliness and
deformity, he was not seen as a threat. Aphrodite also had a
son, Eros, the god of love.
Aphrodite spent very little time with her family,

because she was mostly running around and causing trouble.
She had a horrible temper. She knew she was beautiful and
powerful, making her very vain. But if you asked Aphrodite,
she would tell you the things that went wrong were not
really her fault.
One myth says that it was Aphrodite’s temper and vanity

that caused the Trojan War, but if you ask her she would tell
you it was her half-sister, Helen’s, fault. In the legend of the
Golden Apple of Discord Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite all
claimed to be the fairest goddess. Paris, the Prince of Troy,
awarded it to Aphrodite beginning a chain of events that led
to the Trojan War.
4. Find words in the passage that describe Aphrodite.

Aphrodite
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Aphrodite’s role
in Greek mythology.
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2. Why was Aphrodite married to Hephaestus?
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3. According to the text, how did Aphrodite cause the

Trojan War?
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4. Use context clues to define the underlined word vain.

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Name: _____________________
All About Poseidon
Poseidon was the Greek god of sea, earthquakes, and horses. He

was a moody god. His temper could be as violent as the sea he ruled.
When he shook his trident, leaping waves would flood the land. If he
struck the Earth, mountains erupted. But when he was calm, rivers
dried and islands formed.
Poseidon’s brothers were Zeus and Hades. When the three

brothers split up the universe, Poseidon received the sea as his
domain. Poseidon and Hades helped rule the earth, but Zeus was in
charge.
Poseidon created the first horse, from a rock, with one blow.
Soon after creating the horse, he traveled to Olympus in his golden
horse-drawn chariot. He is often depicted as riding his horse-drawn
chariot and carrying a three-pronged spear called a trident.
Most of the time Poseidon lived in a golden underwater palace with

his queen, Amphitrite, a lovely sea goddess. Together they had three
children, though Poseidon had many more. Like his brother Zeus, he
could not resist goddesses, nymphs, or mortals. One of his offspring
included the magical horse Pegasus.
Ancient Greeks who lived near the sea were terrified of Poseidon.
They tried very hard to keep him happy. They built him temples to
honor him and brought him gifts everyday. Sometimes the gifts made
him happy, and the water was calm and sparkling. Sometimes the gifts
did not make him happy, and a terrible storm would break over the
land. As moody and wild as Poseidon was, he always calmed when he
came home to his beautiful palace under the sea.
All About Poseidon Name: _____________________
4. Find words in the passage that describe Poseidon.

Poseidon
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Poseidon’s role
in Greek mythology.
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2. Why were Ancient Greeks who lived by the sea

terrified of Poseidon?
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3. According to the text, how did Ancient Greeks try to

please Poseidon?
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offspring. How were you able to figure out what the
word means?
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All About Hermes Name: _____________________
CLose Reading Passage
Hermes is a god of boundaries, borders and

edges. Because of this, he is also in charge of
things that cross borders, like messages or
travelers. He is the messenger of the Greek
gods. His father, Zeus, often sends Hermes to
Earth when he has something to say to a person.
Hermes was Zeus’s youngest son. Zeus enjoyed having Hermes

around, because he was always fun and a bit mischievous. Hermes
seemed to be able to talk to just about anyone. This is why Zeus made
him his messenger. Both gods and humans liked and trusted Hermes.
Hermes loved to play tricks on people. It is said that he invented
the lyre, a harp, on the first day after he was born. Later that day, he
stole his brother Apollo’s sacred cattle. These cattle were very, very
important to Apollo. He made the cattle walk backwards so their tracks
wouldn’t point to his house. When Apollo accused Hermes of stealing his
cattle, their mother Maia insisted that he couldn’t have. Zeus, who knew
all about it, told Apollo the truth. At this point, Hermes began to play his
Lyre, and Apollo loved the music so much he agreed to let Hermes keep
the cattle in exchange for the lyre.
Hermes always found himself in the middle of fixing problems and
carrying messages. Because of this, he was very important. He knew
just about everything that was going on in the mythical world, but he
kept the secrets very well. Hermes always solved problems in a way
that worked out best for everyone.
As Hermes grew older, he became better and better at what he did,

until he was the best deal maker in the world.
4. Find words in the passage that describe Hermes.

Hermes
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Hermes’s role in
Greek mythology.
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2. Why did Zeus enjoy having Hermes around?
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3. According to the text, how did Hermes know just

about everything that was going on in the mythical
world?
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sacred. How were you able to figure out what the word
means?
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All About Achilles Name: _____________________
The events in Achilles’s life are
legends but may have some historical basis.
Achilles was the son of Pelus, the king of
Phthia in Thessaly, and Thetis, an immortal
sea nymph.Soon after Achilles was born,
Thetis dipped him in the River Styx, whose
magical water would make him
invulnerable, like a god. The water did not
touch the heel by which Thetis held him.
Achilles could not be harmed, except for
the one heel.
When the Trojan War began, Agamemnon, the commander
of the Greek forces, sent soldiers to recruit Achilles into the
Greek army. Achilles accepted and became the best Greek
warrior in the Trojan War. In the 10th year of that war, the
Greeks defeated the city of Troy.
During the last year of the war, Achilles quarreled with
Agamemnon, who took away Briseis, a young woman Achilles had
captured as a prize of war. In anger, Achilles refused to fight
any longer and, without him, the Greek forces began to lose.
Achilles allowed Patroclus, his best friend, to join the battle
wearing his armor. Patroclus was slain by Hector, the greatest
Trojan warrior. Enraged, Achilles returned to the battlefield,
slaughtering everyone in his path. He eventually killed Hector,
aided by the goddess Athena. According to some stories,
Hector's brother Paris shot an arrow into Achilles's heel, and
Achilles died from the wound.
Achilles heard a prophecy. It was this: he could make a
choice to live a long life, quietly and without fame or honor, or
he could choose to be famous and remembered always, but to
die young. He chose to be famous and die young,
later, Achilles met Odysseus in the underworld. Maybe he
had made the wrong decision to die young and famous.
4. Find words in the passage that describe Achilles.

Achilles
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Achilles’s role in
Greek mythology.
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2. Explain why Achilles could not be harmed except for

on one heel?
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3. According to the text, how did Achilles die?
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prophecy. How were you able to figure out what the
word means?
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All About King Midas Name: _____________________
Midas was king of Phrygia, an

ancient country in central Asia Minor.
Midas had a daughter named Zoe, and he
was a wealthy king who had everything
you could possibly want, but he still was
not happy. Midas thought a huge pile of
gold would make him happiest of all.
The god Dionysus gave Midas the power to turn
everything he touched into gold, because he had helped
Dionysus's teacher Silenus. Midas was very eager to try out his
new golden touch!
At first, Midas's miraculous power pleased him. But
soon it became a curse, because even his food turned to
gold the moment he touched it. He prayed to Dionysus to
help him, and the god told him to bathe in the river Pactolus.
Midas washed himself, and the magic touch left him. But the
sands of the river turned to gold.
Midas learned a very valuable lesson. He now loved

the brightness of life instead of the luster of gold. To
celebrate, he gave away the rest of his money and
possessions and moved to a cabin on the edge of the forest.
There, having learned life’s most valuable lesson, he and his
daughter enjoyed the wonders of the fields and forest, and
never forgot where true happiness is found.
All About Midas Name: _____________________
4. Find words in the passage that describe Midas.

Midas
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain King Midas’s role
in Greek mythology.
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2. What power did the god Dionysus give to King Midas?
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3. Explain the valuable life lesson that King Midas

learned.
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miraculous. How were you able to figure out what the
word means?
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All About Hercules Name: _____________________
Hercules was the greatest of the mythological Greek heroes. He
was famous for his incredible strength, courage, and intelligence.
Hercules is actually his Roman name. The Greeks called him Heracles.
He was a demigod. This means that he was half god, half human. His
father was Zeus, king of the gods, and his mother was Alcmene, a
beautiful human princess. Even as a baby Hercules was very strong.
When the goddess Hera, Zeus' wife, found out about Hercules, she
wanted to kill him. She snuck two large snakes into his crib. However,
baby Hercules grabbed the snakes by the neck and strangled them with
his bare hands!
Hercules married a princess named Megara. They had a family and
were living a happy life. This made the goddess Hera angry. She tricked
Hercules into thinking his family were snakes. Hercules killed the snakes
only to realize they were his wife and kids. He was very sad and filled with
guilt.
Hercules wanted to get rid of his guilt. He went to get advice from
the Oracle of Delphi. The Oracle told Hercules that he must serve King
Eurystheus for 10 years and do any task the king asked of him. If he did
this, he would be forgiven and wouldn't feel guilty any more. The tasks
the king gave him are called the Twelve Labors of Hercules. The king did
not like Hercules and wanted him to fail. Each time he made the tasks
more and more difficult. The final task even involved traveling to the
Underworld and bringing back the fierce three-headed guardian
Cerberus
Some time after completing the 12 labors, Hercules married the
princess Deianira. The centaur Nessus tried to hurt Deianira, and
Hercules shot him with a poisoned arrow. The dying centaur told Deianira
to smear some of his blood on Hercules' robe if she ever needed to win
back his love.
After Hercules fell in love with another princess,
Iole, Deianira followed Nessus' advice. The centaur's
blood had been poisoned by Hercules' arrow. When
Hercules put on the robe, it burned him terribly. His
body was consumed by flames, and he was taken to
Mount Olympus, home of the gods. There, he became
a god.
4. Find words in the passage that describe Hercules.

Hercules
1.Cite evidence from the text to explain Hercules’s role
in Greek mythology.
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2. According to the text, how did Hera trick Hercules?
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3. Explain how Hercules got rid of his terrible guilt.
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4. Use context clues to define the underlined word bare.

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Greek Mythology Reading Passages

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Greek

Although Zeus was married to Hera, he had several

As the king of all the gods, there are many myths

1. Write a question about the text.

2. Make an inference about the passage.

3. What is the main idea of the passage?

4. Find words in the passage that describe Zeus.

2. What happened when the three Greek gods Zeus,

3. According to the text, what were the principle Greek

4. Use context clues to define the underlined word

What is the focus of the first paragraph?

What is the focus of the second paragraph?

What is the focus of the third paragraph?

What is the focus of the fourth paragraph?

What is the focus of the fifth paragraph?

Hera was the queen of the gods and

In anger, Hera dared to steal Zeus’s thunderbolt. This

Although Hera was beautiful, regal, and elegant in

1. Write a question about the text.

2. Make an inference about the passage.

3. What is the main idea of the passage?

4. Find words in the passage that describe Hera.

2. What happened when Hera’s husband Zeus fell in love

3. According to the text, what happened when Hera

4. Use context clues to define the underlined word

What is the focus of the first paragraph?

What is the focus of the second paragraph?

What is the focus of the third paragraph?

What is the focus of the fourth paragraph?

What is the focus of the fifth paragraph?

Hephaestus was the son of Zeus and

Nine years later Hera saw Thetis wearing a beautiful

Hephaestus became the worker of the gods. He made

1. Write a question about the text.

2. Make an inference about the passage.

3. What is the main idea of the passage?

4. Find words in the passage that describe Hephaestus.

2. What happened when Hephaestus was born?

3. According to the text, what happened nine years later

4. Use context clues to define the underlined word lame.

What is the focus of the first paragraph?

What is the focus of the second paragraph?

What is the focus of the third paragraph?

What is the focus of the fourth paragraph?

Athena had a most unusual birth. She was

Athena held a powerful position in the ancient Greek god world.

1. Write a question about the text.

2. Make an inference about the passage.

3. What is the main idea of the passage?

4. Find words in the passage that describe Athena.

2. How was Athena born?

3. According to the text, how did Athena become the

4. Use context clues to define the underlined word

What is the focus of the first paragraph?

What is the focus of the second paragraph?

What is the focus of the third paragraph?

What is the focus of the fourth paragraph?

What is the focus of the fifth paragraph?

Close Reading Passage