PostgreSQL Cheat Sheet

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SELECT Query Modifying Data Create Table
SELECT col1, col2
FROM table Insert INSERT INTO tablename Create Table CREATE TABLE tablename (
JOIN table2 ON table1.col = table2.col (col1, col2...) column_name data_type
WHERE condition VALUES (val1, val2); );
GROUP BY column_name Insert from a
HAVING condition INSERT INTO tablename
Table
ORDER BY col1 ASC|DESC; (col1, col2...) Create Table with Constraints
SELECT col1, col2...

CREATE TABLE tablename (

SELECT Keywords Insert Multiple
Rows
INSERT INTO tablename
(col1, col2...) VALUES column_name data_type NOT NULL,
(valA1, valB1), CONSTRAINT pkname PRIMARY KEY (col),
DISTINCT: Removes SELECT DISTINCT product_name (valA2, valB2), CONSTRAINT fkname FOREIGN KEY (col)
duplicate results FROM product; (valA3, valB3); REFERENCES other_table(col_in_other_table),
CONSTRAINT ucname UNIQUE (col),
CONSTRAINT ckname CHECK (conditions)
BETWEEN: Matches a SELECT product_name
Update UPDATE tablename );
value between two FROM product
other values (inclusive) WHERE price BETWEEN 50 AND 100; SET col1 = val1
WHERE condition;
Create Temporary CREATE TEMP TABLE tablename (
SELECT product_name Table colname datatype
IN: Matches to any of
FROM product Update with UPDATE t );
the values in a list
WHERE category IN a Join SET col1 = val1
('Electronics', 'Furniture'); FROM tablename t
INNER JOIN table x Drop Table DROP TABLE tablename;
LIKE: Performs SELECT product_name ON t.id = x.tid
wildcard matches using FROM product WHERE condition;
_ or % WHERE product_name
Delete DELETE FROM tablename
Alter Table
LIKE '%Desk%";
WHERE condition;
Add Column ALTER TABLE tablename ADD COLUMN
columnname datatype;
Joins Indexes
Drop Column ALTER TABLE tablename DROP COLUMN
Create Index CREATE INDEX indexname columnname;
SELECT t1.*, t2.*
ON tablename (cols);
FROM t1
join_type t2 ON t1.col = t2.col; Modify Column ALTER TABLE tablename ALTER COLUMN
Drop Index DROP INDEX indexname; columnname TYPE newdatatype;
Table 1 Table 2

A A
Set Operators Rename Column ALTER TABLE tablename RENAME COLUMN
currentname TO newname;
B B

C D UNION: Shows unique

Add Constraint ALTER TABLE tablename ADD CONSTRAINT
rows from two result sets. constraintname constrainttype
INNER JOIN: show all matching A (columns);
A
records in both tables. UNION ALL: Shows all
B B
rows from two result sets.
Drop Constraint ALTER TABLE tablename DROP
constraint_type constraintname;
LEFT JOIN: show all records from left A A
INTERSECT: Shows rows that
table, and any matching records from Rename Table ALTER TABLE tablename
B B exist in both result sets.
right table. RENAME TO newtablename;
C

EXCEPT: Shows rows that exist

RIGHT JOIN: show all records from in the first result set but not
Window/Analytic Functions
A A
right table, and any matching records the second.
B B
from left table.
function_name ( arguments ) OVER (
Aggregate Functions
D
[query_partition_clause]
[ORDER BY order_by_clause
FULL JOIN: show all records from A A SUM: Finds a total of the numbers provided
[windowing_clause] ] )
both tables, whether there is a match COUNT: Finds the number of records
or not. B B AVG: Finds the average of the numbers provided
Example using RANK, showing the student details and their rank
C MIN: Finds the lowest of the numbers provided
according to the fees_paid, grouped by gender:
MAX: Finds the highest of the numbers provided
D
SELECT

Common Functions
student_id, first_name, last_name, gender, fees_paid,

CASE Statement
RANK() OVER (
LENGTH(string): Returns the length of the provided string PARTITION BY gender ORDER BY fees_paid
POSITION(string IN substring): Returns the position of the ) AS rank_val
Simple Case CASE name FROM student;
substring within the specified string.
WHEN 'John' THEN 'Name John'
CAST(expression AS datatype): Converts an expression into the
WHEN 'Steve' THEN 'Name Steve'
specified data type.
ELSE 'Unknown'
END
NOW: Returns the current date, including time.
CEIL(input_val): Returns the smallest integer greater than the
Subqueries
provided number. SELECT id, last_name, salary
Single Row
Searched Case CASE FLOOR(input_val): Returns the largest integer less than the FROM employee
WHEN name='John' THEN 'Name John' provided number. WHERE salary = (
WHEN name='Steve' THEN 'Name Steve' ROUND(input_val, [round_to]): Rounds a number to a specified SELECT MAX(salary)
ELSE 'Unknown' number of decimal places. FROM employee
END TRUNC(input_value, num_decimals): Truncates a number to a );
number of decimals.

Common Table Expression SELECT id, last_name, salary

REPLACE(whole_string, string_to_replace, replacement_string): Multi Row
Replaces one string inside the whole string with another string. FROM employee
SUBSTRING(string, [start_pos], [length]): Returns part of a value, WHERE salary IN (
WITH queryname AS ( based on a position and length. SELECT salary
SELECT col1, col2 FROM employee
FROM firsttable) WHERE last_name LIKE 'C%'
SELECT col1, col2.. );
FROM queryname...;