Geography P1 Nov 2022 Eng PDF

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
GEOGRAPHY P1
NOVEMBER 2022
MARKS: 150
TIME: 3 hours
This question paper consists of 20 pages.
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Geography/P1 2 DBE/November 2022
NSC
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS.
SECTION A
QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER (60)
QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY (60)
SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30)
2. Answer ALL THREE questions.
3. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.
4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.
5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.
8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.
9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify
or list.
10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g. 1 020 hPa,
14 °C and 45 m.
11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.
12. You may use a magnifying glass.
13. Write neatly and legibly.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B
14. A 1 : 50 000 topographic map 2930CA MERRIVALE and a 1 : 10 000

orthophoto map 2930 CA 5 MERRIVALE are provided.
15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents the
area covered by the orthophoto map.
16. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations.
17. You must hand in the topographic and orthophoto map to the invigilator at the
end of this examination session.

NSC
SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.9 D.
1.1.1 Lines that join places of equal atmospheric pressure on a synoptic

weather map are known as …
A isolines.
B isotherms.
C isohyets.
D isobars.
1.1.2 The wind direction represented by the station model below is …
A north-west.
B south-west.
C south-east.
D north-east.
1.1.3 Which ONE of the station models below shows drizzle as a form of
precipitation?
A B
C D

NSC
Refer to the sketch below to answer QUESTIONS 1.1.4 to 1.1.6.
[Source: Examiner's own sketch]
1.1.4 The atmospheric pressure reading at A is … hPa.
A 1004
B 1008
C 1012
D 1016
1.1.5 Feature B is known as a …
A ridge.
B trough.
C wedge.
D saddle.
1.1.6 The low-pressure cell over the interior has caused north-westerly
winds because of … circulation and overcast conditions due to … of
air.
(i) clockwise
(ii) anticlockwise
(iii) descending
(iv) ascending
A (i) and (iii)

B (ii) and (iv)
C (i) and (iv)
D (ii) and (iii)

NSC
Refer to the sketch below to answer QUESTIONS 1.1.7 and 1.1.8.
1.1.7 The low-pressure cell in the sketch is a …
A mid-latitude cyclone.
B tropical depression.
C coastal low.
D thermal low.
1.1.8 The interior of South Africa experiences … conditions with a greater

temperature variation due to … climatic conditions.
(i) unstable
(ii) stable
(iii) continental
(iv) maritime
A (i) and (iii)

B (ii) and (iv)
C (i) and (iv)
D (ii) and (iii) (8 x 1) (8)

NSC
1.2 Complete the statements in COLUMN A with the options in COLUMN B. Write
down only Y or Z next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the
ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.2.8 Y.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.2.1 Increased absorption of heat in Y natural
urban areas is due to … surfaces. Z artificial
1.2.2 The intensity of multiple reflections Y vertical
of heat is increased due to the … Z horizontal
dimension of buildings.
1.2.3 The air pressure will generally be Y lower
… in urban areas than in rural Z higher
areas.
1.2.4 The wind speed in urban areas is Y faster
… than in rural areas. Z slower
1.2.5 The relative humidity over urban Y more
areas is lower than over rural areas Z less
due to … evaporation.
1.2.6 Urban areas have a higher Y hygroscopic particles
frequency of precipitation than rural Z building structures
areas due to …
1.2.7 Temperature graph … represents Y
the change in temperature from the
urban areas (S) to the rural areas
(T).
(7 x 1) (7)

NSC
1.3 Refer to the sketches below on a mid-latitude cyclone.
PLAN VIEW CROSS-SECTIONS

Y
N
Warm sector
Z
Cold sector
1.3.1 Name the wind belt that causes the easterly movement of the
mid-latitude cyclone. (1 x 1) (1)
Refer to the plan view.
1.3.2 Identify front A. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.3 Which ONE of fronts A or B is moving faster? (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.4 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.3.3. (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.5 Give evidence from the sketch that the mid-latitude cyclone is found
in the Southern Hemisphere. (1 x 2) (2)
Refer to the cold front occlusion C and the cross-sections.
1.3.6 (a) Which ONE of the cross-sections Y or Z represents the cold

front occlusion at C? (1 x 2) (2)
(b) Give evidence that C is a cold front occlusion. (1 x 2) (2)
(c) Explain how the cold front occlusion developed. (2 x 2) (4)

NSC
1.4 Refer to the infographic below on Tropical Cyclone Batsirai.
Satellite image of Tropical Cyclone Path of Tropical Cyclone Batsiria

Batsiria
[Adapted from https://twitter.com/kwang/poon/status] [Source: Examiner's own sketch]

Tropical Cyclone Batsirai – Wind speed associated with Tropical
February 2022 Cyclone Batsirai
Tropical Cyclone Batsirai intensified and

moved westward across the South Indian
Ocean. The forward movement was
approximately 19 kilometres per hour (km/h).
Batsirai made landfall on Saturday night.
Tropical Cyclone Batsirai’s wind and rains
caused considerable damage to roads and
transport links, leaving some of the hardest-
hit areas inaccessible. In addition, Tropical
Cyclone Batsirai caused storm surges.
[Adapted from https://reliefweb.int/disaster/tc-2022-
000160-mdg]
1.4.1 Give the date on which Tropical Cyclone Batsirai reached the
mature stage. (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 According to the infographic, Tropical Cyclone Batsirai moved

westward across the South Indian Ocean. Give ONE reason for this
movement. (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.3 Suggest TWO reasons for the large decrease in wind speed
between 20 and 25 February 2022. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.4 How could storm surges negatively impact the physical environment
on the east coast of Madagascar? (4)
(2 x 2)
1.4.5 Explain the importance of monitoring tropical cyclones like Batsirai

for Madagascar. (2 x 2) (4)

NSC
1.5 Refer to the sketches below showing the changes in the position of the
inversion layer over South Africa.
A Weak descending air
B
Strong descending air

Refer to sketch A.
1.5.1 Identify the season illustrated in sketch A. (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.5.1. (1 x 2) (2)
Refer to sketch B.
1.5.3 Identify TWO factors, visible in the sketch, which influence the
climate of South Africa. (2 x 1) (2)
1.5.4 Explain the role played by descending air in the development of the
inversion layer. (1 x 2) (2)
Refer to sketches A and B.
1.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, describe how the

position of the inversion layer in sketches A and B influences the
amount of rainfall in the interior of South Africa. (4 x 2) (8)
[60]

NSC
QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY
2.1 Refer to drainage basins A and B below which have different drainage
densities. Match the descriptions in QUESTIONS 2.1.1 to 2.1.8 with A and B.
Write down only A or B next to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.1.9 A.
[Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=drainage basins]
2.1.1 Higher drainage density
2.1.2 Lower infiltration rate
2.1.3 Denser vegetation
2.1.4 Higher soil moisture content
2.1.5 Developed on the least resistant (soft) rock
2.1.6 Lower degree of permeability
2.1.7 Higher stream order
2.1.8 The graph below represents this drainage basin.
(8 x 1) (8)
NSC
2.2 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.8. D.
BEFORE RIVER CAPTURE
2.2.1 … erosion at A is responsible for the lengthening of the river.
A Vertical
B Lateral
C Sheet
D Headward
2.2.2 The landform caused by the type of erosion in QUESTION 2.2.1 is

a…
A spur.
B rapid.
C gorge.
D meander.
2.2.3 River C will eventually capture river B because it flows on a …

gradient and over … rock.
(i) gentler
(ii) steeper
(iii) softer
(iv) harder
A (i) and (iii)

B (i) and (iv)
C (ii) and (iii)
D (ii) and (iv)

NSC
AFTER RIVER CAPTURE
2.2.4 River C is known as the … stream.
A captive
B captor
C captured
D misfit
2.2.5 Feature D is referred to as …
A a waterfall.
B river gravel.
C a wind gap.
D an elbow of capture.
2.2.6 The resultant fluvial landform of river capture at E is a/an …
A meander.
B waterfall.
C misfit stream.
D oxbow lake.
2.2.7 The characteristics of river F are that it flows in a … valley and the
volume of water …
(i) wide
(ii) narrow
(iii) increases
(iv) decreases
A (i) and (iii)

B (ii) and (iv)
C (i) and (iv)
D (ii) and (iii) (7 x 1) (7)

NSC
2.3 Refer to the drainage basin below.
[Adapted from https://www.buddinggeographers.com/rivers/]
2.3.1 The river illustrated in the sketch is (permanent/periodic). (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.2 State TWO characteristics of the river system evident in the sketch.
(2 x 1) (2)
2.3.3 Give evidence from the sketch that the surface run-off is greater at A
than at B. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.4 Refer to C.
(a) Which ONE of the cross-sections Y or Z represents the river

at point C? (1 x 2) (2)
(b) Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.4(a). (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.5 How will a decrease in precipitation affect the following:
(a) Water table (1 x 2) (2)
(b) Type of river (1 x 2) (2)

NSC
2.4 Refer to the sketch on fluvial landforms below.
2.4.1 The fluvial landforms, illustrated in the sketch, are mainly found in
the (middle/lower) course. (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.2 Identify fluvial landform A on the sketch. (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.3 (a) Draw a rough cross-section from B to C. (2 x 1) (2)
(b) Will erosion take place at B or C? (1 x 1) (1)
(c) Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.4.3(b). (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, describe the

processes that resulted in the change of fluvial landform A to an
ox-bow lake at D. (4 x 2) (8)

NSC
2.5 Refer to the case study below on catchment and river management.
MOOI RIVER CATCHMENT AREA
Westonaria
Carletonville
The Mooi River has two major tributaries, namely Wonderfonteinspruit and
Loopspruit. The Donaldson Dam in the upper Wonderfonteinspruit receives water
from various sources, such as sewage facilities, mining areas and informal
settlements, that has a negative impact on the quality of water.
The Mooi River flows south, through agricultural land, from where it eventually
joins the Vaal River. The main types of land use in the Mooi River catchment area
are crop farming and grazing.
According to the Department of Water Affairs (DWA), irrigation and farming are
the two major activities polluting the waters of the Mooi River drainage basin,
following the removal of natural vegetation. Some small-scale diamond diggings
also occur along the Mooi River, destroying the flood plain and riparian (wetlands
next to river banks) habitats.
[Adapted from a case study by S Barnard, A Venter and CE van Ginkel]
2.5.1 What does the abbreviation DWA in the extract stand for? (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2 Refer to the case study and identify TWO sources that negatively impact
the quality of water of the Donaldson Dam. (2 x 1) (2)
2.5.3 Why are the water sampling points (testing points) important? (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.4 How do agricultural practices in the Mooi River catchment area cause
water pollution of the river system? (2 x 2) (4)
2.5.5 Suggest THREE sustainable strategies that can be implemented in order

to maintain the quality of water in the Mooi River catchment area. (3 x 2) (6)
[60]
TOTAL SECTION A: 120

NSC
SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
GENERAL INFORMATION ON MERRIVALE
Coordinates: 29°31'S; 30°14'E
Merrivale is a town in the Umgungundlovu District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. It is

145 km north-west of Durban and 5 km south-east of Howick.
Merrivale experiences warm wet summers and dry winter seasons. The temperatures
between winter and summer range from 5 °C to 32 °C. The topography within the
surroundings of Merrivale varies in elevation from 1 018 metres to 2 308,8 metres
above sea level.
[Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrivale]
The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the
topographic map:
ENGLISH AFRIKAANS
Diggings Delwery
Mooi River Mooirivier
Sewerage Works Rioolwerke
Nature Reserve Natuurreservaat

NSC
3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1.1 Study the information below. The orthophoto index map sheet west
of 2930 CA 5 is …
A 2930 CB 1.
B 2930 CA 4.
C 2930 CB 6.
D 2930 CA 9. (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.2 The scale of 1 : 50 000 shows a … area and … detail as it is a

smaller scale than 1 : 10 000.
(i) larger
(ii) smaller
(iii) less
(iv) more
A (i) and (iii)

B (i) and (iv)
C (ii) and (iii)
D (ii) and (iv) (1 x 1) (1)
Refer to the orthophoto map.
3.1.3 Calculate the straight-line distance in metres (m) that the power line
covers from 6 in block B3 to 7 in block C5.
Formula: Actual Distance = Map distance x Map scale (2 x 1) (2)

NSC
Refer to the topographic map.
3.1.4 Draw a freehand cross-section from the recreation facility at point F

in block D2 to point G in block D3. Indicate F and G on your
cross-section. (2 x 1) (2)
3.1.5 Is the recreation facility at F in block D2 intervisible from point G in

block D3? (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.6 Calculate the magnetic declination for 2022. The difference in years
is 6 years and the annual change is 9' westwards. (3 x 1) (3)
3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION
3.2.1 The wind that blows during the night in block C2 on the orthophoto
map is a/an ... wind.
A anabatic
B valley
C katabatic
D slope (1 x 1) (1)
Refer to block D4 on the orthophoto map.
3.2.2 (a) Which time of the day (morning/afternoon) was the photograph
taken? (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.2.2(a). (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.3 Give a climatological reason for the large number of perennial water
sources (dams) and furrows found on the topographic map. (1 x 2) (2)
Refer to river H in block B1 on the topographic map.
3.2.4 (a) River H in block B1 generally flows in a north-easterly (1 x 1)

direction. Give map evidence to support this statement. (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Give evidence why the type of flow of river H is associated with
laminar flow. (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.5 The drainage pattern I encircled in blocks C3 and D3 on the

topographic map is …
A trellis.
B dendritic.
C radial.
D rectangular. (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.6 Describe the underlying rock structure that is responsible for the
drainage pattern (answer to QUESTION 3.2.5). (1 x 2) (2)

NSC
3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
Refer to the photograph below that shows an environmental issue in block C2

on the topographic map.
[Source :https://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=5574]
3.3.1 Which symbol represents the environmental issue depicted in the

photograph?
A B
C D
(1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2 Classify the photograph as either primary or secondary data. (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.3 Give a reason for the high resolution of the photograph. (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.4 How would the high resolution of the photograph assist a GIS
specialist to find a solution to the environmental issue depicted
(answer to QUESTION 3.3.1)? (1 x 2) (2)

NSC
Refer to the sketch below of the infrastructure data layer in block C3 on the
orthophoto map.
Infrastructure data layer

KEY
Other road
3.3.5 Identify the missing infrastructure data layer, excluded

(not indicated) on the sketch above. (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.6 Using the correct reference symbol, redraw the sketch and insert the
infrastructure data layer identified in QUESTION 3.3.5. (2 x 1) (2)
TOTAL SECTION B: 30
GRAND TOTAL: 150
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NATIONAL

This question paper consists of 20 pages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS.

2. Answer ALL THREE questions.

3. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

12. You may use a magnifying glass.

13. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14. A 1 : 50 000 topographic map 2930CA MERRIVALE and a 1 : 10 000

16. Marks will be allocated for steps in calculations.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER

1.1.1 Lines that join places of equal atmospheric pressure on a synoptic

1.1.2 The wind direction represented by the station model below is …

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Refer to the sketch below to answer QUESTIONS 1.1.4 to 1.1.6.

[Source: Examiner's own sketch]

1.1.4 The atmospheric pressure reading at A is … hPa.

1.1.5 Feature B is known as a …

A (i) and (iii)

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Refer to the sketch below to answer QUESTIONS 1.1.7 and 1.1.8.

[Source: Examiner's own sketch]

1.1.7 The low-pressure cell in the sketch is a …

1.1.8 The interior of South Africa experiences … conditions with a greater

A (i) and (iii)

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1.3 Refer to the sketches below on a mid-latitude cyclone.

PLAN VIEW CROSS-SECTIONS

[Source: Examiner's own sketch]

Refer to the plan view.

1.3.2 Identify front A. (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.3 Which ONE of fronts A or B is moving faster? (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.4 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.3.3. (1 x 2) (2)

Refer to the cold front occlusion C and the cross-sections.

1.3.6 (a) Which ONE of the cross-sections Y or Z represents the cold

(b) Give evidence that C is a cold front occlusion. (1 x 2) (2)

(c) Explain how the cold front occlusion developed. (2 x 2) (4)

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1.4 Refer to the infographic below on Tropical Cyclone Batsirai.

Satellite image of Tropical Cyclone Path of Tropical Cyclone Batsiria

[Adapted from https://twitter.com/kwang/poon/status] [Source: Examiner's own sketch]

Tropical Cyclone Batsirai intensified and

1.4.2 According to the infographic, Tropical Cyclone Batsirai moved

1.4.5 Explain the importance of monitoring tropical cyclones like Batsirai

Copyright reserved Please turn over

A Weak descending air

[Source: Examiner's own sketch]

1.5.1 Identify the season illustrated in sketch A. (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.5.1. (1 x 2) (2)