Banhardih Coal Mine
Banhardih Coal Mine
Banhardih Coal Mine
FOR
THE BANHARDIH COAL MINING PROJECT OF 12 MTPA CAPACITY LOCATED AT
LATEHAR & CHANDWA TEHSIL, LATEHAR DISTRICT, JHARKHAND
VOLUME-I
FINAL EIA REPORT
Project Proponent :
Environmental Consultant:
(Approved Consultant)
M/s. Patratu Vidyut Utpadan
Vimta Labs Limited
Nigam Limited (PVUNL)
142, IDA, Phase-II, Cherlapally, Ramgarh-829119
Hyderabad–500 051, Telangana State
www.vimta.com, env@vimta.com
(NABL/ISO 17025 Certified Laboratory,
Recognized by MoEF, New Delhi)
April, 2022
Final Environmental Impact DOC. NO: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Assessment Report for the REV. NO.:0
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page 1 of 11
Table of Contents
_______________________________________________________________
Chapter Title Page
_______________________________________________________________
1.0 Introduction
1.0 Introduction C1-1
1.1 Purpose of the Report C1-1
1.2 Identification of the Project and
Project Proponent C1-2
1.3 Justification of Project C1-4
1.4 Brief Description of Project C1-4
1.5 Need for the Project and Its Importance to the
Country or Region C1-13
1.6 List of Agreements/Allotments/Statutory Clearances C1-14
1.7 Scope of the Study C1-15
1.8 Methodology of the Study C1-16
1.9 Structure of the EIA report C1-16
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
1.1 Index Map C1-8
1.2 Study Area Map of 10 km radius C1-9
1.3 Google Image-10 km radius C1-10
1.4(A) Proposed mine site photographs C1-11
1.4(B) Nearby Other Industries C1-12
2.1 Location Plan of Banhardih Coal Block C2-4
2.2 Surface Plan C2-5
2.3 Pre-mining land use plan C2-9
2.4 Land use plan showing forest & non-forest area C2-10
2.5 Water Balance diagram C2-13
2.6 Geological Plan C2-19
2.7 Geological Cross Section C2-20
2.8 Plan showing total coal & OB thickness C2-21
2.9 Floor Contour map C2-22
2.10 Conceptual Plan C2-26
2.11 First Year Stage Plan C2-27
2.12 Third Year Stage Plan C2-28
2.13 Fifth Year Stage Plan C2-29
2.14 Seventh Year Stage Plan C2-30
2.15 Final year Stage Plan C2-31
2.16 Schematic Diagram of The Crusher and RLS at Banhardih
Coal Project C2-36
3.2.1 Physiography and Drainage Map of Study Area C3-4
3.2.2 Geomorphology of the Study Area C3-5
3.2.3 Geology of the Study area C3-10
3.2.4 Geology of ML area C3-12
3.2.5 Hydrogeology of the study area C3-16
3.3.1(A) Satellite image of the study area-10km C3-25
3.3.2(A) Land use/land cover based on Satellite data-10 km C3-26
3.3.2(B) Land use/land cover based on Satellite data-5 km C3-27
3.3.2(C) Contour Map C3-28
3.4.1 Soil Sampling Locations C3-32
3.5.1 Site Specific Windrose-Winter Season C3-42
3.5.2 Site Specific Windrose-Pre-Monsoon Season C3-43
3.5.3 Site Specific Windrose-Monsoon Season C3-44
3.5.4 Site Specific Windrose-Post-Monsoon Season C3-45
3.5.5 Site Specific Windrose-Annual Windrose C3-46
3.5.6(A)Windrose diagram of Winter Season (IMD-Daltonganj) C3-49
3.5.6(B)Windrose diagram of Pre-monsoon Season (IMD-Daltonganj) C3-50
3.5.6(C)Windrose diagram of Monsoon Season (IMD-Daltonganj) C3-51
3.5.6(D)Windrose diagram of Post-Monsoon Season (IMD-Daltonganj) C3-52
3.5.6(E)Windrose diagram of Annual Season (IMD-Daltonganj) C3-53
3.6.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations C3-57
3.7.1 Water Sampling Locations C3-69
3.8.1 Noise Monitoring Locations C3-89
3.9.1 Representative Sample of The Forest That Is Proposed for
Diversion for Mining Activity C3-95
3.9.2 Representative samples of the non-forest area within the
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
List of Tables
List of Tables
List of Tables
3.9.16 Work to be executed by the user agency & the State Forest
and Wildlife Department C3-123
3.10.1 Distribution of population C3-125
3.10.2 Rural, urban and district wise proportion of population C3-126
3.10.3 Distribution of population by social structure C3-127
3.10.4 Distribution of literate & literacy rates C3-129
3.10.5 Occupational Structure C3-130
3.10.6 Land acquisition for the coal mining project C3-133
3.10.7 Impacts on community due to coal mining C3-134
3.10.8 Health treatment opted by resident households C3-135
3.10.9 Immunisation of Children in resident Household C3-135
3.10.10 Vulnerable groups as disabled C3-136
3.11.1 Traffic density (Vehicles/day) C3-137
3.11.2 Composition of existing traffic volume C3-138
4.1 Identification of Impact Activities C4-1
4.2 Present land use of mine lease area C4-6
4.3 Pre-mining land distribution of mineable area C4-7
4.4 Post mining land use C4-8
4.5 Land degradation and technical reclamation of mined out land C4-9
4.6 Stage Wise Details of Tentative Biological Reclamation C4-9
4.7 Land Use Details in Pre-Mining, During Mining And Post Closure
Land Use and Post Closure Management C4-14
4.8 Year wise topsoil dump C4-15
4.9 Production Calendar & cumulative OB generation of Banhardih
coal mine C4-16
4.10 Source of Pollutants C4-19
4.11 Model-Set up C4-20
4.12 Emission factors/inputs for coal mining-PM C4-21
4.13 Emission inputs for DG sets and dumper/trucks within ML area C4-21
4.14 Details of trucks C4-22
4.15 Predicted Incremental GLC’s C4-22
4.16 Resultant GLC’s C4-22
4.17(A)predicted 24-hourly short-term ground level incremental
concentrations for particulate matter-uncontrolled measures
– cumulative (winter season) C4-33
4.17(B)predicted 24-hourly short-term ground level incremental
concentrations for particulate matter-controlled measures
– cumulative (winter season) C4-33
4.17(C)predicted 24-hourly short-term ground level incremental
concentrations for NOx CO controlled- cumulative (winter
season) C4-33
4.18 Incremental concentrations of PM10 & PM2.5 on village within
ML area C4-43
List of Tables
List of Tables
Measures C10-4
10.2 Typical composition of Indian C&D Waste C10-11
10.3 List of trees, shrubs and herbs including grasses identified
for greenbelt and afforestation, a 3-tier system with trees,
shrubs and herbs is planned C10-16
10.4 Roles and responsibilities of the project proponent (pp) and
State Forest and Wildlife Department (SF&WD) in conservation
of Schedule I Species C10-19
10.5 Work to be executed by the user agency & the State Forest
and Wildlife Department C10-20
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The mine lease area is 1467.42 ha and mining plan has been prepared for rated
capacity of 12.0 MTPA using opencast mining method covering 1467.42 ha only.
Ministry of Coal (MOC) has accorded in-principal approval for mining plan
including Mine Closure Plan of Banhardih coal block vide Letter No:
CC/MP&MC/102/2021-22/Banhardih on 15.07.2021. Accordingly, the present EIA
report and application for EC pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA over an area of
1467.42 ha.
An application for forest clearance has been submitted for 549.48 ha of forest
land involved in 1467.42 ha mineable area of mine block. Accordingly, the
present EIA report and application for EC pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA over
an area of 1467.42 ha.
M/s. PVUNL has been assigned proposed Banhardih mine from previous allottee,
Jharkhand Urja Utapadan Nigam Ltd (JUUNL).
Banhardih coal mine block is located in villages Ate, Banhardih, Bari, Barwadih,
Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, Tota and Renchi in Latehar & Chandwa tehsils,
Latehar District in Jharkhand State.
With a view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to the proposed
opencast coal mining of 12.0 MTPA project, M/s. PVUNL has awarded the EIA
study works to M/s. Vimta Labs Limited (VLL), Hyderabad, NABET accredited EIA
Consultant to prepare Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for various
environmental components including air, noise, water, land and biological
components along with parameters of human interest which may be affected and
Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board (JSPCB) conducted the Public Hearing
(PH) on 29.12.2021 at High School, Sasang, Ate village, Bari Panchayat,
Chandwa Tehsil, Latehar District. The public concerns and response to the same
are included in Chapter-7.
Banhardih Coal Mine Block located in Auranga coalfield in Latehar district of state
of Jharkhand, has been allocated to Patratu Vidyut Utapdan Nigam Limited
(PVUNL), a subsidiary of NTPC and Government of Jharkhand. This block is
allotted for captive mining for supply of coal to their M/s. Patratu Super Thermal
Power Project (PSTPP) by Ministry of Coal, Government of India vide
F.No.103/18/2015NA dated 30.06.2015 for a total area of 1818.10 Ha. M/s.
Patratu STPP is situated at a distance (by road) of approximately 100 km in the
eastern direction from the proposed mine. Coal production is proposed through
both surface miner and conventional drilling & blasting methods.
Mining Plan for this block (excluding western part) was prepared by M/s. United
Exploration India Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata (UEIPL) based on the geological report on Coal
Exploration (2019) prepared by Department of Mines & Geology, Government of
Jharkhand (GoJ) on the partly explored block. The mining plan envisages a
production capacity of 12.0 MTPA and Ministry of Coal (MOC) accorded in-
principal approval vide Letter No:CC/MP&MC/102/2021-22/Banhardih on
15.07.2021.
However, the current mineable area is 1467.42 ha and Mining plan has been
prepared for rated capacity of 12.0 MTPA using opencast mining method covering
1467.42 ha only.
The overall block area is 1818.10 ha. Out of this, 581.61 ha land is forest land.
An application for forest clearance has been submitted for 549.48 ha of forest
land involved in 1467.42 ha mineable area of mine block. The balance forest land
is 32.13 ha falls under total Mine Lease (M.L) area which is outside the present
proposed block. Accordingly, the present EIA report and application for EC
pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA over an area of 1467.42 ha.
The block was initially allotted to Jharkhand Urja Utpadan Nigam Limited (JUUNL)
and allotment agreement between nominated authority and JUUNL in this regard
was executed on 30.03.2015. The first and second amendment to the allotment
agreement was executed on 30.06.2015 & 17.01.2017 respectively.
Subsequent to, the formation of the Joint Venture (JV) company between
Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited (JBVNL) and NTPC, the block was assigned
to M/s. Patratu Vidyut Utapadan Nigam Limited (PVUNL) and a tripartite deed of
adherence was executed between Nominated Authority (MOC, Government of
India), Jharkhand Urja Utpadan Nigam Limited (JUUNL) and Patratu Vidyut
Utpadan Nigam Limited (PVUNL) on 02.07.2017.
Pursuant to the execution of deed of Assignment between M/s. JUUNL and M/s.
PVUNL, Nominated Authority issued a corrigendum no.2 to the allotment order
no. 103/18/2015/NA dated 30.06.2015 and allotment order issued in favour of
M/s. Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (PVUNL) vide allotment order No.
103/18/2015 NA dated 25.06.2018.
Ministry of Coal has accorded in-principal approval for Mining Plan including Mine
Closure Plan of Banhardih Coal Block vide Letter No: CC/MP&MC/102/2021-
22/Banhardih on 15.07.2021.
An application for Forest Clearance has been submitted for 549.48 Ha of forest
land involved in 1467.42 Ha mineable area of mine block was on 18.09.2021. The
application was forwarded from PCCF to DFO Latehar on 25.11.2021. Essential
Details Sought (EDS) received from DFO on 08.02.2022, which is under
preparation. Tree enumeration and identification of compensatory afforestation
land is under progress. Gram Sabha for issue of NOC under FRA Act completed
for 3 villages.
M/s. Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (PVUNL) has been incorporated on
15.10.2015 as a subsidiary of NTPC with 74 % stake in the Company and 26 % of
stake held by M/s. Jharkhand Bijli Vitaran Nigam Limited (JBVNL) for capacity
addition in two phases i.e. Phase-I (3 x 800 MW) and Phase-II (2 x 800 MW).
Jharkhand is the principal beneficiary state with 85 % allocation while 15 % of
power will remain as unallocated quota at the disposal of Govt. of India. Patratu
Super Thermal Power Project (Patratu STPP) is located at Patratu village in
Ramgarh district of Jharkhand.
Presently, NTPC generates power from coal, gas, hydro and renewable (i.e. solar
and wind) projects. Present installed capacity of NTPC Group is 68,961.68 MW
(including 14,365 MW through JVs/Subsidiaries) comprising of 51 NTPC Stations
(23 Coal based stations, 7 gas based stations, 1 Hydro station, 1 small hydro,
18 Solar PV and 1 Wind based Station) and 26 Joint Venture stations (9 coal
based, 4 gas based, 8 hydro, 1 small hydro 2 Wind and 2 Solar PV). The capacity
will have a diversified fuel mix and by 2032, non-fossil fuel-based generation
capacity shall make up nearly 30% of NTPC’s portfolio. NTPC has also diversified
itself into hydro, coal mining, power equipment manufacturing, power trading &
distribution. With an increasing presence in the power value chain, NTPC is well
on its way to becoming an Integrated Power Major.
Banhardih’s entire coal production (12 MTPA) shall be utilised by Patratu Super
Thermal Power Project (PSTPP) of PVUNL. It will be beneficial in terms of
production of coal for meeting consumptive coal for Patratu STPP and thereby
reducing the gap in the demand supply of coal in PVUNL power station.
Proposed production from the mine is 12 MTPA. The total cost of the project is
estimated about Rs. 5,546 Crores. Mining is proposed to be carried out by open-
cast method.
Combination of shovel-dumper and surface miner are proposed for coal extraction
whereas OB removal by shovel-dumper. Drilling & blasting is proposed for
extraction of coal, removal of OB and interburden.
Crushing is proposed for reduction of coal from ROM to (-100) mm size. Coal
evacuation within the mine will be done by 60 T coal body dumpers. Coal from
the CHP will be transported through a surface conveyor to the silos/load out point
located at southern boundary of the block, loading into railway wagon through
rapid loading system and to be dispatched through the railways. The coal has to
be transported from Banhardih to Patratu STPP by rail, which is at distance of
approximate 95 km by rail.
Banhardih Coal Mine Block is located in villages Ate, Banhardih, Bari, Barwadih,
Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, Tota and Renchi in the district of Latehar in
Jharkhand State.
The general topography of the block characterizes with rolling terrain with low
ridges and depressions. Around 25 % of the block is covered with Protected Forest
located in the western part. Partly the villages like Jagaldagga. Banhardih and
Sabano are falling within the forest area. Rest of the area within the block is
covered with cultivated land and residential hutments. There is a operating coal
mine i.e Sikni Colliery (0.3 km, South) from the proposed mine & there is a brick
industry nearby Serak village.
The Bagdagga nala and Rajdaha nala and their tributaries forms the main
drainage system of the sector. The courses of nalas developed into cultivated
lands and some gully head bunds have been constructed across the nalas for
storage of water for irrigation. A canal passes across the area from north to south
at the Centre and parallel to main connecting road passes through Surli, Huchlu
and Bari villages.
Due to undulating nature of the land, a number of natural ponds have been
formed and these ponds are aligned in a definite line indicating a possible
presence of fracture.
TABLE-1.1
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS
REV. NO.:0
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C1-8
FIGURE-1.1
INDEX MAP
REV. NO.:0
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C1-9
FIGURE-1.2
STUDY AREA MAP OF 10 KM RADIUS
REV. NO.:0
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C1-10
FIGURE-1.3
GOOGLE IMAGE (10 KM RADIUS) OF THE STUDY AREA
Agricultural Fields in the Mine Lease Area Ponds within the Mine Lease Area
FIGURE-1.4(A)
PROPOSED MINE SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
FIGURE-1.4 (B)
NEARBY OTHER INDUSTRIES
1.5 Need for the Project and Its Importance to the Country or Region
Coal is the most important and abundant fossil fuel in India. It accounts for 55%
of the country's energy need. The country's industrial heritage was built upon
indigenous coal.
(Source: https://powermin.nic.in/en/content/power-sector-glance-all-india
assessed on 09.06.2020).
Odisha is the largest coal producing state in the country followed by Chhatisgarh,
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Uttar
Pradesh. 98% of the total reserves of India are found in this state. (Source:
Indian Minerals Year Book 2018, IBM, November 2019).
Demand-Supply Gap
The overall long-term demand of coal is closely linked to the performance of the
end-use sectors. In India, the end-use sectors of coal mainly include electricity,
iron, steel, and cement. In FY 2017-18, total production of coal from Public &
private sectors.is 675.54 Million Tonnes (MT) (Coking coal–40.14 million tonnes
and non-coking in 635.25 million tonnes). Against the estimated demand of
908.40 Mt coal in 2017-18, the actual despatch of coal is 687.83 Mt while balance
demand of coal is met by import of 208.879 Mt of coal. (Source: Indian Minerals
Year Book 2018, IBM, November 2019).
Some of this shortfall will be met by supplies from captive coal blocks and rest
through imports. Also, the choice between the supplies from domestic and
imported coal is mainly driven by timely availability of coal from domestic
sources, quality requirements and the economics of landed cost of coal at the
end-use plant. Captive coal mining in India was gradually, being permitted by
amending the Coal Mines Nationalization Act, primarily in iron and steel making,
power generation and cement production. Hence, it became important for India to
secure coal through imports from international market to meet their significantly
rising coal demand. However, import is mainly dependent on availability of coal in
global market, increasing competitive scenario and affordability.
As the proposed Banhardih Coal Mine Block is linked to Patratu Super Thermal
Power Project, the demand-supply gap is not irreverent.
TABLE-1.2
ALLOTMENT/AGREEMENT/ STATUTORY CLEARANCES
Forest Clearance
10 Application for diversion of Forest Diversion proposal of Annexure-II (J)
549.48 ha
Mining Plan
11 In-principal approval of Mining Plan including Mine Annexure-II (K)
Closure Plan vide Letter No:CC/MP&MC/102/2021-
22/Banhardih on 15.07.2021
The present EIA report and application for EC pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA
over an area of 1467.42 ha. The scope of EIA Study covers the Terms of
Reference (TOR) accorded by MOEF&CC vide letter dated 02.10.2020. The
compliance of TOR are enclosed as Annexure-I(B).
Conducting literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area;
The baseline studies were carried out during 1 st December 2020 to 30th
November 2021 (covering all four seasons) to determine existing conditions of
various environmental attributes as outlined in Table-1.3. The applicable
environmental standards are given in Annexure-III and methodology of
sampling and analysis is given in Annexure-IV.
TABLE-1.3
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING
Chapter-1: Introduction
This chapter deals with the need of the proposed mine, location, project
implementation schedule, details of proposed mining activity, other technical and
design details and anticipated sources of pollution along with major pollution
control measures provided.
This chapter presents the methodology and findings of field studies undertaken to
establish the environmental baseline conditions, which is also supplemented by
secondary published literature.
This chapter will cover detailed impact of the proposed mine on different
environmental components during operation phase of mining project. The chapter
will also deal with the measures to be adopted to mitigate the adverse impact of
the proposed mine development and underscores the areas of concern, which
need mitigation measures. Impacts of mining on the AAQ and predictions based
on modeling using the latest model is also provided in this chapter.
This chapter describes the analysis of various alternative sites and the technology
considered for the mining activities.
This chapter describes various risks associated during operational stage of the
proposed mine. A disaster management plan to minimise the risks or to combat
the associated risks is also discussed. Occupational health and safety during
mining and its management also discussed.
The Public Hearing (PH) was held successfully on 29.12.2021 and the details are
incorporated in this chapter.
This chapter describes various benefits of the proposed mine to the community in
the vicinity and as well as to the region on the whole.
This chapter presents a brief cost benefit analysis based on available data.
This chapter contains the summary and conclusion of the overall EIA studies.
This chapter contains the list of various experts engaged in preparing the EIA
report along with brief description of the consultancy services.
This chapter addresses the details of the proposed coal mine, salient features of
the project, production schedule of coal, machinery, the processes and capacities,
utilities and services, infra-structural facilities, sources of pollution and proposed
mitigation measures. The project related details are sourced from the approved
mine plan.
Coal is the most important and abundant fossil fuel in India. It accounts for 55%
of the country's energy need. The country's industrial heritage was built upon
indigenous coal.
As such, Banhardih coal production of 12.0 MTPA will be fully utilised by Patratu
Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (PVUNL). It will be beneficial in terms of
production of coal for meeting consumptive coal for Patratu STPP and thereby
reducing the gap in the demand supply of coal in PVUNL power station.
Banhardih coal block is a part of Auranga coal field. The block extends over an
area of 1818.10 ha. The coalfield is located in the easternmost part of the Koel
Valley group of coalfields situated in Latehar district of Jharkhand state. The block
is located in the east central part of Auranga coalfield.
The current mineable area is 1467.42 ha and mining plan has been prepared for
peak capacity of 12.0 MTPA using opencast mining method covering 1467.42 ha
only. Ministry of Coal has accorded in-principal approval for Mining Plan including
Mine Closure Plan of Banhardih Coal Block for an area of 1467.42 ha vide Letter
No: CC/MP&MC/102/2021-22/Banhardih on 15.07.2021.
The overall block area is 1818.10 ha. Out of this, 581.61 ha land is forest land.
An application for forest clearance has been submitted for 549.48 ha of forest
land involved in 1467.42 ha mineable area of mine block. The balance forest land
is 32.13 ha falls under total Mine Lease (M.L) area which is outside the present
Mine Lease (M.L) area. Accordingly, the present EIA report and application for EC
pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA over an area of 1467.42 ha.
The site photographs and location plan are given in Figure-1.4 of Chapter-1 &
Figure-2.1 of Chapter-2. The surface plan is shown in Figure-2.2. The salient
features of the proposed coal mine are given in Table-2.1.
Chapter-2 Project Description VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
Report for the Rev. No.: 0
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of Rev. Date: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity
Page No.: C2-2
TABLE-2.1
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED COAL MINE
FIGURE-2.1
LOCATION PLAN OF BANHARDIH COAL BLOCK
FIGURE-2.2
SURFACE PLAN
Note: The above surface plan has been prepared for 1818.10 ha. However, the
current mineable area is 1467.42 ha and western block has been excluded from
EIA and mining plan.
The Banhardih coal block comprises of about 1818 Ha km area distributed over
10 nos. of villages out of which, the mineable area is about 1467.42 ha. It
administratively falls under the Latehar District, Jharkhand State. However, the
entire land of the coal block is being acquired as the land acquisition may be
difficult at later stage.
The block area of Banhardih coal block is 1818.10 ha. Out of this, 31.99 % is
designated as forest land, tenancy land is 40.69 %, Government/ Non-Forest land
is 27.32 %. Present and post mining land use is given in Table-2.2 and Table-
2.3 respectively. The land use plan is given in Figure-2.3. The land use plan
showing forest and non-forest area is given in Figure-2.4.
TABLE-2.2
PRESENT LAND USE OF BANHARDIH COAL BLOCK (Total Block)
Sub-Total 1818.10
Source: PFR
An application for forest clearance has been submitted for 549.484 ha of forest
land involved in 1467.42 ha mineable area of mine block. Accordingly, the
present EIA report and application for EC pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA over
an area of 1467.42 ha.
TABLE-2.3
POST MINING LAND USE OF BANHARDIH COAL BLOCK
A village road, passing through the central part of the block needs to be shifted
beforehand of mining operation. The detail engineering of the road will be made
with due consultation with the Public Works Department, Government of
Jharkhand. A village wise break-up of 1467.42 ha of project area is given in
Table-2.6.
TABLE-2.4
PRE-MINING LAND DISTRIBUTION OF MINEABLE AREA
FIGURE-2.3
PRE-MINING LAND USE PLAN
FIGURE-2.4
LAND USE PLAN SHOWING FOREST & NON-FOREST AREA
TABLE-2.5
LAND USE PATTERN OF BANHARDIH COAL BLOCK IN PROPOSED AND END OF MINE LIFE (ha)
Sr.No Type Land Use land use Land Use (Post Closure) (ha)
(Proposed) (End of Agricultural Plantation Water Public/ Forest Land Undisturbed Total
Life) Land Body Company (Re turned)
Use
1 Excavation Area 727.24 - - - - -
2 Backfilled Area - 727.24 74.90 545.35 - - 106.99 - 727.24
3 Excavated Void - - - - - -
4 Top Soil Dump 12.24 12.24 - 12.24 - - - 12.24
5 External Dump /surface dump (Temporary) 440.70 440.70 - - 91.35 349.35 - 440.70
6 Safety Zone 7.85 7.85 - 7.85 - - - 7.85
7 Haul road between quarries 10.21 10.21 - 9.22 - - 0.99 - 10.21
8 Road Diversion 5.58 5.58 - - - 5.58 - 5.58
9 Diversion/ Below River - - - - -
/ Nala / Canal
10 Settling Pond 0.64 0.64 - - - - 0.64 - 0.64
11 Road & Infra structure area. 35.70 35.70 - - - 33.24 2.46 - 35.70
12 Rationalisation area - - - - - - - - -
13 Garland Drains 7.58 7.58 4.83 2.75 - 7.58
14 Embankment - - - - - - - - -
15 Greenbelt * (7.85) (7.85) - (7.85) - - - - (7.85)
16 Water Reservoir Near Pit - - - - - - - - -
17 UG Entry - - - - - - - -
18 Undisturbed / Mining Rights for UG. 219.68 219.68 - - - - 54.77 164.91 219.68
19 Resettlement - - - - - - - - -
20 Pit Head Power Plant - - - - - - - - -
21 Water Harvesting - - - - - - - - -
22 Agricultural Land - - - - - - - - -
23 Total 1467.42 1467.42 74.90 574.66 0.00 135.00 517.95 164.91 1467.42
Source: Approved Mining Plan of Banhardih Coal Block
*Greenbelt development within the safety zone. Hence shown in ()
An unexplored area of 418.42 ha within the project boundary has been considered for temporary surface dumping which will be
completely rehandled at the end of mine life.
TABLE-2.6
VILLAGE WISE BREAK UP OF LEASE AREA (MINEABLE AREA)
Total requirement of water is estimated as 11.25 MLD for the block (Potable – 2.3
MLD; Industrial – 8.95 MLD). The break-up of water requirement is given in
Table-2.7. The water balance diagram is given in Figure-2.5. An application of
NOC for groundwater clearance (21-4/857/JH/MIN/2022) is submitted to CGWA
on 18.04.2022. (Copy is attached as Annexure-XX).
In usual condition of the mining, this mine will operate in a “Zero Discharge”
Scenario. The mine pit accumulated water will be pumped and stored in the
central sump for workshop, sprinkling and plantation use. Water discharge may
happen only in the rainy season due to sudden inrush of storm water.
TABLE-2.7
BREAK-UP OF WATER REQUIREMENT
FIGURE-2.5
WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM
Chapter-2 Project Description VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
Report for the Rev. No.: 0
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of Rev. Date:25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity
Page No.: C2-14
Manpower required for 12 MTPA production based on 330 working days shall be
approximately 1306. The details of total manpower requirement is given in
Table-2.8.
TABLE-2.8
DETAILS OF TOTAL MANPOWER REQUIREMENT
Average grade of coal mined out would be G11 (4000 - 4300 Kcal/kg).
Application of surface miner in coal will reduce drilling & blasting substantially
thus reducing the impact of pollution.
2.6.1 Geology
Regional Geology
Auranga coal field is the easternmost coal field of the North Koel Valley
Gondwana Basin. Banhardih Coal Block is a part of Auranga coal field and is
Local Geology
Part of the block comprising an area of around 1049 ha out 1818.10 ha is covered
under detail exploration with a borehole density of 7.82 BH/Sq. km. based on the
exploration carried out so far, 18 coal horizon has been established in the block.
The seam I and II are the most potential coal seams. Besides, there are few local
seams which seems to be developed occasionally and attained workable thickness
in places. The sequence of coal seams along with the thickness of seam is given
in Table-2.10. The seam category wise in-situ reserves is given in Table-2.11.
The estimation of blocked and geological reserves is given in Table-2.12. The
geological plan and geological cross section are given in Figure-2.6 and Figure-
Chapter-2 Project Description VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
Report for the Rev. No.: 0
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of Rev. Date:25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity
Page No.: C2-16
2.7. The plan showing coal thickness & O.B thickness is given in Figure-2.8. The
floor contour map of Seam R3 is given in Figure-2.9.
TABLE-2.10
THICKNESS RANGE OF ALL COAL SEAM HORIZONS OF BANHARDIH COAL
BLOCK
TABLE-2.11
SEAM WISE CATEGORY WISE NET INSITU RESERVES
(UPTO 1200 M DEPTH RANGE IN MILLION TONS)-BANHARDIH COAL
BLOCK
TABLE-2.12
ESTIMATION OF BLOCKED GEOLOGICAL RESERVES AND EXTRACTABLE RESERVES
(This section estimated only upto a depth range of 300 m)
Mining Extractable
Thickness Range Depth Net Geological Mineable
Seam Name Blocked Reserves (in Million Tons) Losses Reserves
(m) Range (m) Reserve (Mte) Reserve Mte
in Mte
Min. Max. Nala /
High wall Bar Unecon Total
Thickness Thickness River UG OC
/ batter rier omic Blocked
(m) (m) /Road
R3 1.08 3.88 20.34-343.18 0.00
R2 0.58 8.5 26.35-489.00 5.38 1.08 - - 0.84 1.92 - 3.46 0.26 3.20
R1T 0.62 14.68 25.25 - 643.32 4.35 0.78 - - 0.61 1.40 - 2.95 0.22 2.73
R1M 0.61 7.5 38.75 -647.07 5.73 1.15 - - 0.43 1.58 - 4.15 0.31 3.84
R1B 0.67 8.5 51.95 -650.86 5.87 1.17 - - 0.44 1.61 - 4.26 0.32 3.94
6T 0.88 17.41 42.70-744.91 13.00 2.60 - - 1.22 3.82 - 9.18 0.69 8.49
6M 0.74 14.02 50.14 -761.05 11.99 2.40 - - 0.39 2.79 - 9.20 0.69 8.51
6B 1.18 11.05 23.76-783.96 11.99 2.20 - - 0.92 3.12 - 7.88 0.59 7.29
5T 0.68 10.09 66.00-911.73 11.54 2.31 - - 1.18 3.49 - 8.05 0.60 7.45
5M 0.7 7.51 74.36-927.00 5.24 1.05 - - 0.42 1.47 - 3.77 0.28 3.49
5B 0.7 10.89 68.07 -941.73 7.50 1.50 - - 0.78 2.28 - 5.22 0.39 4.83
4T 0.5 15.35 38.74-979.62 7.66 1.53 - - 0.45 1.98 - 5.68 0.43 5.25
4M 0.53 8.01 58.50-991.66 8.48 1.70 - - 0.76 2.46 - 6.02 0.45 5.57
4B 0.62 13.94 24.82 -996.74 14.09 2.82 - - 0.69 3.51 - 10.58 0.79 9.79
3 0.76 33.55 59.03 -851.54 29.92 8.36 - - 0.00 8.36 - 21.56 1.62 19.94
2 3.83 57.2 21.35 -931.94 83.94 25.32 - - 0.00 25.32 - 58.62 4.40 54.22
1T 3.23 49.06 42.40 -991.52 82.81 27.17 - - 0.00 27.17 - 55.64 4.17 51.47
1B 9.05 68.4 30.13-981.09 93.05 38.46 - - 0.00 38.46 - 54.59 4.09 50.50
Tot
401.56 121.59 - - 9.14 130.73 - 270.81 20.31 250.50
al
Source: Approved Mining Plan of Banhardih Coal Block
FIGURE-2.6
GEOLOGICAL PLAN
FIGURE-2.7
GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION
FIGURE-2.8
PLAN SHOWING TOTAL COAL THICKNESS & OVERBURDEN THICKNESS
FIGURE-2.9
FLOOR CONTOUR MAP
The occurrence of coal seams has been established in the part of the Block
covering an area of 1049 Ha upto a depth of 1200 m through detail exploration
with a borehole density of 7.82 BH/Sq. Km.
The depth of occurrence of the coal seam suggests coal winning through both
opencast and underground methods. The nature of coal seams with numerous
faults and steep seam gradient requires further technical study before planning of
Underground coal mine feasibility. However, this mining plan is envisaged coal
mining through opencast methodology upto a depth of 300 m from the surface
level.
Opencast mining methodology with coal extraction through surface miner and
conventional drilling and blasting. Coal produced by surface miner will be
dispatched to power plant directly while coal produced through drilling and
blasting will be subjected to primary crushing to reduce the size less than 100
mm. Overburden excavation through drilling & blasting while removal through
shovel dumper combination will be employed. The method of work with shovel-
dumper mining comprises of:
The average workable coal seam thickness are found to be 4.23 m (Seam R2) to
37.86 m (Seam 1B), however the seam gradients are found to be on much higher
side upto 45O. Considering the geo-mining parameters of the block, it has been
planned to deploy Surface Miner as well as to adopt drilling and blasting for coal
excavation in this project.
It is envisaged that the lower packet of coal seams which is thick in nature will be
exposed in the mining benches. More the mine progresses towards south and
south west, probability of occurrence of Seam 1 and Seam 2 will be restricted at
the same time, parting thickness will be increased. Thus from 8 th year onward,
coal production will be done through surface miner and through drilling and
blasting. Geo-mining parameters considered for this block is given in Table-2.13.
TABLE-2.13
GEO-MINING PARAMETERS FOR THE PLANNED PERIOD TILL THE FINAL
STAGE OF EXCAVATION
Drilling and blasting are required to excavate both the hard OB and part of the
coal seams to meet the production requirement. The whole of Overburden except
the Top OB and Weathered mantle zones, and coal in a tune of maximum 5.40
Million Tons will be excavated through drilling and blasting. Drilling for OB will be
done for the full bench upto 10 m depth whereas Coal benches will be limited to 3
m considering high dipping of the coal seams and possible mixing of dirt materials
during blasting operation.
Mine Drainage: The planning of de-watering of the mine has been done in such
a way that as far as possible the working faces and haul roads shall remain dry.
The layout of the quarry provides suitable gradient along the quarry floors and
the benches to facilitate self-drainage of water to the lowest level of the quarry.
The sump water will be collected through pumps and shall be utilized for
Plantation, Sprinkling and Workshop use in the dry season. While the storm water
will be channelized to the adjacent streams after treatment in the monsoon
period.
Though equipment is provided separately under overburden and coal, the same
shovel working in coal or OB may excavate the parting or coal seam below and
above a particular horizon depending on workload and location.
Coal Winning
It is envisaged to deploy surface miner for coal excavation for nearly about 66%
of the total production throughout the life of the mine. In this technology blasting
is not required for excavation of coal. Surface miner will be provided for
production of coal of uniform size. The inseam bands of +30 m thickness can also
be removed separately. Due to utilization of selective mining the grade of the coal
could be improved. In this technology the coal face will be clean and wear & tear
of dump trucks will also get reduced. Surface miner will be operated with a
minimum face dimension of 200 m x 200 m.
Conceptual plan is shown in Figure-2.10. The year wise stage plan is given in
Figure-2.11 to Figure-2.15.
FIGURE-2.10
CONCEPTUAL PLAN
FIGURE-2.11
FIRST YEAR STAGE PLAN
FIGURE-2.12
THIRD YEAR STAGE PLAN
FIGURE-2.13
FIFTH YEAR STAGE PLAN
FIGURE-2.14
SEVENTH YEAR STAGE PLAN
FIGURE-2.15
FINAL YEAR STAGE PLAN
Mine production is planned from the year 2024-25. Year wise production schedule
is given below in Table-2.14.
TABLE -2.14
TENTATIVE PRODUCTION CALENDAR OF BANHARDIH COAL MINE
Year wise cumulative OB & coal production and dumping schedule is provided in
below Table-2.15.
TABLE-2.15
PRODUCTION CALENDAR AND CUMULATIVE OB GENERATION
Cumulative Coal, OB & Top Soil Generation and Dumping Schedule (Tentative)
External
Calendar Coal OB Int. Top Soil Re-
OB
Year Yr. (MT) (Mcum) Dump. Dump. handling.
Dump.
(Mcum) (Mcum) Mcum
Mcum
Year-1 2024-25 1.00 12.00 0.00 0.36 11.64 0
Year-2 2025-26 7.50 40.00 0.00 0.88 39.12 0
Year-3 2026-27 15.00 84.00 0.00 1.72 82.28 0
Year-4 2027-28 24.00 134.00 0.00 2.68 131.32 0
Cumulative Coal, OB & Top Soil Generation and Dumping Schedule (Tentative)
External
Calendar Coal OB Int. Top Soil Re-
OB
Year Yr. (MT) (Mcum) Dump. Dump. Dump. handling.
(Mcum) (Mcum) Mcum Mcum
Year-5 2028-29 34.50 186.00 0.00 3.72 182.28 0
Year-6 2029-30 45.50 238.00 17.99 4.76 215.25 0
Year-7 2030-31 57.50 290.00 36.55 5.80 247.65 0
Year-8 2031-32 69.50 342.00 56.93 6.84 278.23 0
Year-9 2032-33 81.50 394.00 83.07 7.88 303.05 0
Year-10 2033-34 93.50 446.00 114.32 8.92 322.76 0
Year-11 2034-35 105.50 498.00 165.28 9.96 322.76 0
Year-12 2035-36 117.50 550.00 216.24 11.00 322.76 0
Year-13 2036-37 129.50 602.00 267.20 12.04 322.76 0
Year-14 2037-38 141.50 654.00 318.16 13.08 322.76 0
Year-15 2038-39 151.50 694.50 357.85 13.89 322.76 0
Year-16 2039-40 159.50 735.00 397.54 14.70 322.76 0
Year-17 2040-41 167.50 775.50 437.23 15.51 322.76 0
Year-18 2041-42 175.50 816.00 476.92 16.32 322.76 0
Year-19 2042-43 183.50 856.50 516.61 17.13 322.76 0
Year-20 2043-44 191.50 897.00 556.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-21 2044-45 199.50 937.50 596.80 17.94 322.76 0
Year-22 2045-46 207.50 978.00 637.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-23 2046-47 214.00 1018.00 677.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-24 2047-48 220.50 1053.00 712.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-25 2048-49 227.00 1073.00 732.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-26 2049-50 233.50 1091.00 750.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-27 2050-51 239.00 1110.00 769.30 17.94 322.76 0
Transportation
Selection of equipment has been largely guided by the volume and type of rocks
including their physical characters. Planned HEMM configuration for production of
OB, Coal, Re-handling of OB and reclamation including common pool are given
below in Table-2.16. The equipment mentioned in the common pool will be
extended for the closure activities.
TABLE -2.16
HEMM CONFIGURATION OF BANHARDIH COAL MINE
Two number of crushing units each of 500 TPH has been envisaged. Peak rated
crushing requirement is envisaged in 17th year of operation.
CHP has been designed and selected based on the coal extraction methods
adopted in Banhardih Coal Mine, CHP system comprised mainly of primary and
secondary crushers to get coal size -100 mm. CHP should have designed module
to feed the surface miner coal directly in the plough feeder to be connected with
the RLS. The over ground bunker with 4 sections can be planned to store different
quality of coal and with help of plough feeder.
ROM Coal after mining will report to the receiving hopper. This will be the “feed
point” for the CHP through Dumpers of the defined capacity. This will discharge
the material on a fixed grizzly to recover over size material. The oversize coal
more than 1,200 mm will be crushed through hydraulic rock breaker. The
undersize from grizzly goes to a hopper from where coal will be reclaimed by
apron feeder and feed to sizer of capacity 500 TPH to crush the coal to 200 mm.
Crushed coal will be conveyed through conveyor with capacity of 500 TPH to
secondary crusher house. Coal from both the conveyor will be fed to roll crusher
of capacity 500 TPH to reduce coal size from 200 mm to (-) 100 mm. Product of
roll crusher will be fed to conveyor with capacity of 500 TPH to transfer house.
The crusher will be selected in such a way that they will produce the product at
defined hence will not require further screening or scalping. The schematic
diagram of crusher and Rapid Loading Silo (RLS) is given Figure-2.16.
FIGURE-2.16
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE CRUSHER AND RLS
AT BANHARDIH COAL PROJECT
Chapter-2 Project Description VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
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Banhardih Coal Mining Project of Rev. Date: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity
Page No.: C2-37
Coal Evacuation
The coal from conveyors having capacity of 500 TPH will be transported to series
of transfer house will be discharged in an over ground bunker of capacity 21,000
tons. From over ground bunker coal will be reclaimed through plough feeders with
capacity 1,000 TPH and fed to conveyor having capacity 1,000 TPH. Conveyor is
equipped with automatic sampler to draw the quality sample and is also equipped
with metal detector, magnetic separator and belt weigher. The coal will be fed to
rapid loading system to load coal from silo to railway wagons with the help of two
hydraulic operated gates.
Each circuit will be integrated with the help of PLC system to have the state of art
operation facility. Other utilities are also considered in the plant like, firefighting
system, dust suppression and extraction system, plant lighting, plant water
system, etc. has been considered for safe plant practices. Sufficient maintenance
space has been considered in the plant and required infrastructure is also
considered like EOT cranes, hoist, CP block, etc.
Following mine infrastructures have been planned to be located within the Mining
Lease area:
E & M workshop;
Excavation workshop;
Conveyor from mine face to ground bunker;
Conveyor from ground bunker to Silo connecting to MGR system of the
Railway Siding;
Coal Yard including feeder-hopper;
Mine Office, VT Centers and common facilities;
HEMM parking yard;
Security office; and
Car parking areas for staffs and officers.
Virtually all surface mining methods for any ore/mineral produce some
irreversible impacts. These produce dramatic changes in the landscape due to
large-scale excavation. The environmental pollution due to the opencast mining,
in general could be classified into the following categories:
Air pollution;
Water resources and quality;
Top soil & overburden; and
Noise levels and vibration.
pollutants include NOx, SO2 and hydrocarbons. The sources of these pollutants
include:
All the drills will be equipped with well-designed dust extractor arrangement;
Surfacing of all service roads/permanent roads by asphalt;
The un-metaled roads shall be kept free of ruts, potholes, etc;
Provision of gas filter for exhaust fumes from HEMM;
Frequent and at regular intervals, water will be sprayed on haul roads, service
roads. Mobile water sprinklers will be provided in the project;
Greenbelt around quarry, industrial sites, service building area besides avenue
plantation along roads;
De-dusting systems shall be provided at transfer houses using pulse jet cloth
bag filters; and
Wherever de-dusting systems are not feasible, suppression of coal dust during
coal handling by fine nozzle mounted fixed sprinklers and water cannons (mist
type) will be provided.
Effluent from workshop will be treated in the effluent treatment plant and
reused for process with Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD);
Sanitary waste water will be treated mainly for total suspended solids (TSS)
and bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD). Domestic effluents will be treated in
sewage treatment plants (STPs) at township, septic tanks at mine office. The
treated sewage will be used for plantation purposes; and
Storm water drains will be provided around coal stacks to collect run-off water
and diverting it into settling ponds and will be monitored in a Central
Monitoring Basin before discharging it into natural water courses.
The project involves the excavation of coal from the earth crust. During the
process of excavation, the super incumbent strata required to be removed and
dumped in the earmarked sites as a solid waste. The wastes in the form of both
solid and liquid are generated during mining activity. The solid waste excavated
from the proposed project in the form of overburden (OB).
During the life of mine, 17.94 Mm3 of top soil shall be generated. Top soil shall be
stacked at a designated location over an area of 12.24 ha. From the first year
onwards scrapped top soil shall be spread over the dump for land reclamation and
utilised in green belt development. Stacking of top soil shall be achieved as per
prescribed norms. The detailed year wise OB and top soil generation is furnished
in Chapter-4.
2.9.4 Noise Levels and Vibration
The noise levels are localized within the mining areas and have human exposure.
Occupational hazard is envisaged if proper personal protective equipment is not
provided to operator. The likely noise levels of the equipment are presented in
Table-2.17.
TABLE-2.17
EXPECTED NOISE LEVELS
Vibration
Ground vibration, fly rock, air blast, noise, dust and fumes are the deleterious
effects of blasting on environment. The explosive energy sets up a seismic wave
in the ground, which can cause significant damage to structures and disturbance
to human occupants. It causes major damages to the pit configuration too.
Mitigation Measures
3.1 Introduction
Baseline data generation forms a part of the Final EIA study, which helps to
evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the
study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental
impact assessment methodologies. This further helps in preparing an
Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for improving the
environmental quality and scope for future improvements for environmentally
sustainable development. The baseline environmental study also helps to identify
the critical environmental attributes, which are required to be monitored after
implementation of the proposed mine.
This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the
study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study
area covers 10 km radius area from the boundary of the proposed mine. For the
purpose of this study, mine lease area is considered as core area and 10 km
radius study area from boundary of ML area is considered as buffer area.
This report incorporates the primary data collected during study period and
secondary data collected from various government and semi-government
organizations.
3.2.1 Physiography
Lowest elevation in the study area is 376.9 m above mean sea level (amsl) along
Auranga River in the west and highest elevation is 1011 m amsl on the hills
covered by Serak PF in the eastern part. East and south-eastern parts of the
study area are marked by hills rising up to 1000 m amsl and rest of the area is
with undulating with isolated elevated areas with elevations less than 600 m
Chapter-3 Description of the Environment VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
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Banhardih Coal Mining Project of Rev. Date : 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity
Page No.: C3-2
amsl. The general slope in the study area is towards west following the flow
direction of Auranga River. About 34.95% of the study area is covered by
protected and reserve forests.
The Banardih coal block falls in the Auranga coalfield surrounded by the older
metamorphics of the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex represented by the
Palamau Plateau. The general topography of the block characterizes with rolling
terrain with low ridges and depressions. Elevation level of boreholes reveals that
the minimum of 423.17 m in borehole no.2W and maximum of 459.90 m in
borehole no.20E. Around 25% of the block is covered with Protected Forest (PF)
located in the western part. Partly, the villages like Serak, Renchi, Banardih, Surli
and Sabanu are falling within the forest area. Rest of the area within the block is
covered with cultivated land and residential hutments.
3.2.2 Drainage
Regional Drainage
The general drainage flow direction in the district is from south to north. The
principal rivers of the district are the North Koel, the Auranga and their
tributaries. The Koel and Auranga have the upper reaches characterized by rocky
bed while the lower reaches by sandy beds. North Koel River receives the water
from several of its tributaries. The Auranga originates from the eastern part of
the district.
According to the River Basin Atlas of India, Ministry of Water Resources, the
study area forms part of C2ASON71 watershed in Son Sub-basin and C2ADAM01
watershed in Damodar Subbasin of Ganga River Basin. Major part of the study
area is drained by Auranga River and its tributaries flowing from east to west. A
small portion in the east is drained by Damodar River and its tributary
Dharmavati Nadi.
The Auranga River originates near Soheda, Namkum tehsil, Ranchi, Jharkhand Its
main tributaries are the Sukri and Ghaghri. It flows through the Latehar and
Palamu districts in Jharkhand. It descends from the Ranchi plateau and pursues a
winding course in a northwesterly direction for a distance of 80 km till flows into
the Koel near Kechki 16 km south of Dalonganj.
Damodar River is a river flowing across Jharkhand and West Bengal. Rich in
mineral resources, the valley is hoe to large scale mining and industrial activity.
Earlier known as the Sorrow of Bengal because of its ravaging floods in the plains
of West Bengal, the Damodar and its tributaries have been somewhat tamed with
the construction of several dams. It has a number of tributaries and sub-
tributaries such as Barakar, Konar, Bokaro, Haharo, Jamunia, Ghari, Guaia,
Khadia and Bhera. The Damodar and the Barakar trifurcates the Chota Nagpur
Plateau.
The rivers pass through hilly areas with great force, sweeping away whatever lies
in their path. The drainage pattern in the study area is dendritic to sub-parallel in
nature having a drainage density of 2.70 km/sq km. There are number of small to
medium water bodies spread over the entire study area. Physiography and
drainage network of the study area is presented in Figure-3.2.1.
Drainage in ML Area
The Bagdagga nala and Rajdaha nalas and their tributaries forms the main
drainage system of the sector. The courses of nalas have been developed into
cultivated lands and some gully head bandhs have been constructed across the
nalas for storage of water for irrigation. A canal passes across the area from
north to south at the Centre and parallel to main connecting road passes through
Surli, Huchlu and Bari villages. Due to undulating nature of the land, number of
natural ponds have been formed and these ponds are aligned in a definite line
indicating a possible presence of fracture.
3.2.3 Geology
Geomorphology
Denudational origin
Anthropogenic origin
Anthropogenic terrain
Water Bodies
FIGURE-3.2.1
PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE MAP OF STUDY AREA
FIGURE-3.2.2
GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA
In geology, denudation involves the process that cause the wearing away of the
earth’s surface by moving water, by ice, by wind and by waves leading to a
reduction in elevation and in relief of landforms and of landscapes.
Structural landforms are landforms that are created by massive earth movements
due to plate tectonics. This includes landforms with some of the following
geomorphic features: fold Mountains, rift valleys and volcanoes.
Regional Geology
The northern part of the area is marked by faulted troughs over considerably
large areas along where the cover rocks of Gondwana Supergroup occur as
outliers, unconformably over the basement rocks. They include Talchir,
Karharbari, Barakar and Raniganj formations of Lower Gondwana Group of
Carboniferous and Permian period and Pachet and Mahadeva formations of
Triassic and Jurassic periods of Upper Gondwana Group. The rocks of Barakar
formation are coal bearing. The famous Auranga and (part of) North Karanpura
coal fields are located in this area. Besides, the basal conglomerate of Talchir
formation, the sediments mainly comprise sandstone, siltstone, shale,
carbonaceous shale/sandstone, grit, red shale/clay and ferruginous sandstone.
Age and stratigraphic position of dolerite dykes assigned to of Lower Cretaceous
to Palaeogene is doubtful in view of their restricted occurrence within the
Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss and their striking absence with in the Gondwanas
and Lametas. It requires further study to verify their affirmity with the
Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex as probable older metabsics.
Basalts of the Deccan Traps are of Upper Cretaceous to Palaeogene age. They are
at places vesicular and occur in association with the inter-trappeans and infra-
trappeans.
The laterite generally occurs as capping over the basement rocks with variable
thickness between 10 and 20 m. it generally shows cavernous to pisolitic
structure and ferruginous but segregations of aluminous laterite (bauxite) also
occur at several localities, some of which have formed economic deposits.
Quarternary sediments occur as cover deposits comprising beds of gravel and
sand.
TABLE-3.2.1
GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF THE REGION
The study area does not show any major tectonic evidence except three medium
faults with near east-west trend, of which one passes across the ML area.
Geology
Banhardih coal block is a part of Auranga coal field. The coal field is located in the
easternmost part of the Koel Valley Group of coalfields occurring in Latehar
district of Jharkhand. Banhardih coal block is situated in the north eastern part of
the Auranga coalfield.
The regional geological exploration carried out by the Geological Survey of India
has revealed five promising coal bearing sectors in Auranga coal Field. These
sectors are Jagaldagga (10 sq.km), Gowa (15 sq.km), Rajbar (50 sq.km), Sabanu
(10 sq. km) and Banhardih (10 sq.km). Jagaldaga sector is estimated to yield a
total of 113.09 million tonnes of coal. Banhardih occupies 18 sq km area in the
south eastern part of the coalfield. The block is having formations of Lower
Gondwana group unconformably overlying the Pre-Cambrians rock. The potential
coal horizons are mainly confined in the Barakar and Raniganj Formations. Rock
and coal exposures in the block is scantydue to the soil cover in major part of the
block. However, exposures of Barakar sandstones and Metamorphics present in
the block have been mapped.
On the basis of data accrued through drilling and geological mapping of the block,
it is interpreted that the Talchir, the Barakar, the Barren Measures and the
Raniganj Formations of the Lower Gondwana group lie unconformably over the
Pre Cambrian Metamorphics. In the Banhardih sector, Gondwana – Precambrian
boundary in the east is marked by NW- SE trending border fault as evidenced
from the occurrence of extensive quartz reef zone near Daria. This border fault is
offset by two cross faults. The southern boundary of the sector is also marked by
a boundary fault separating the Gondwana sedimentaries and Precambrian
basement. Barakar formations in the southern most part lies in juxtaposition to
Metamorphics may be due to influence & cumulative effect of fault F1-F1 and
other sympathetic faults. However, logging of the drilled cores was done by
outsourced agencies hence on the basis of documented data as the only source of
information this inference has been drawn. The northern boundary of the sector is
marked by an E-W trending fault. All the cross-faults developed in this sector are
intra-basinal normal faults.
FIGURE-3.2.3
GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA
TABLE-3.2.2
GENERALIZED GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF BANHARDIH COAL BLOCK
Unconformity
Pre – Granite, granite gneiss with patches of mica schist, 0.47(A3) -
Cambrian quartzite and pegmatite veins
11.00 (27E)
FIGURE-3.2.4
GEOLOGY OF THE ML AREA
Chapter-3 Description of the Environment VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment
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Banhardih Coal Mining Project of Rev. Date : 25.04.2022
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3.2.4 Hydrogeology
Hydrogeology is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and
movement of ground water in the soil and rocks of earth’s crust commonly in
aquifers. The hydrogeological studies have been carried out in the study area to
understand the local geology, geomorphological features, drainage network,
aquifer characteristics and yield of water. Accordingly, various components
controlling the hydrogeological regime of the study area have been studied.
Hydrogeological investigations were carried out in the study area for four days
between 04.05.2021 and 15.05.2021. Detailed Hydrogeology study is report is
given as Annexure-V.
The area is rugged and highly undulated, and the following hydro-geological
formations are found in the area:
3. Consolidated formations;
ii. Semi-consolidated formations and
iii. Un-consolidated formations.
Rainfall, climate, topography, soil conditions and land use are the factors
controlling ground water potentials of the area. The hydrogeological conditions
vary from place to place depending upon the aquifer characteristics of the litho
units, sources of ground water recharge and the structural setting of the area.
Ground water in the hard rock areas occur in the weathered mantle and fracture
zones of underlying rocks. It also occurs in unconsolidated sedimentary deposits
along the major river valleys.
Water Levels
During pre-monsoon season, the minimum and maximum water levels were
observed as 6.15 m bgl and 11.02 m bgl respectively. About 55% wells have the
water level in the range of 6-8 m bgl. The water level in eastern part of district
ranges from 10 m bgl to 12 m bgl, while the southern and middle part is having
the water level in the range 8-10 m bgl.
The water level during post-monsoon season ranges from 2.0 m bgl to 8.05 m
bgl. About 25% the wells have the water level in the range of 0-3 m bgl. In
majority of the wells (around 62.5%), the water levels lie in the range of 3-6 m
bgl. In and around Balumath block, the water level is more than 6 m bgl.
Water level depends upon the storage of ground water development and variation
in rainfall over a long period. The water level data of each station has been
analysed. The pre-monsoon and post-monsoon long term water level trend has
been calculated for the period of 2003-2012. The long-term water level trend is
showing declining trend between 0.16-0.26, 0.13-0.41 and 0.05–0.27 m/year for
pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and all period respectively.
Two wells are under Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) water level monitoring
network and these wells have been monitored four times in a year – January,
May, August and November. The average January, May, August and November
water levels in Latehar and Chandwa wells are 4.28 m, 6.81 m, 3.95 m and 3.46
m and 4.80 m, 9.58 m, 3.83 m and 3.66 m respectively. The average fluctuation
is found to be 2.86 m and 5.62 m respectively.
Mostly the ground water in the study area is developed by way of 1) dug wells or
dug-cum-bore wells for domestic and agriculture purposes with bucket lift and
electric engines/submersible pumps and 2) bore wells for domestic, agriculture
and industrial purposes with hand pumps, electric submersible pumps. Well
inventory of 31 wells was conducted by M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd, Hyderabad in the
study area during field investigation period. The location of these 31 monitoring
wells are given in Table-3.3.3. The Hydrogeology of the study area is given in
Figure-3.2.5.
Depth of dug wells inventoried range from 4.90 m in Nawadi to 13.40 m bgl in
Kendwahi. Dug wells for agriculture purpose are with 3.0 to 5.0 HP centrifugal
pumps. Hand pumps are installed on community bore wells drilled for domestic
purpose. Agriculture and industrial bore wells are mainly with submersible pumps
of varying capacity from 3.0 HP.
Water levels during the field visit (1st and 2nd weeks of May 2021) were recorded
measuring depth to standing water and post-monsoon water levels were recorded
up to the moisture indication in the dug wells. The depth to water level during pre
and post-monsoon ranges from 2.70 m in Bariatu Jagir to 11.95 m bgl in
Kendwahi and 0.70 m in Pathaltoli to 8.35 m bgl in Richuguta respectively. The
average water level fluctuation in the study area is 3.27 m.
Water levels in and in the vicinity of ML area varies from 0.70 m to 3.97 m bgl
during post-monsoon and 4.35 m to 7.50 m bgl during pre-monsoon. Nearly 10
exploratory boreholes drilled in the block are showing the artesian condition.
TABLE-3.2.3
DETAILS OF WELL INVENTORY IN STUDY AREA
Sr.No. Well Village Lat Long Well Purpose Total Dia Lining Static Water Level (m) Fluctuation Aquifer
No Type Depth (m) (Dug Pre- Post- (m)
(m) Well)(m) Monsoon Monsoon
1 GW1 Sabano N 23˚ 44’ 28” E 84˚ 34’ 1” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 8.90 5.00 3.75 3.45 1.30 2.15 Sandstone
2 GW2 Pathaltoli N 23˚ 44’ 55” E 84˚ 34’ 6” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 8.10 2.45 4.35 4.35 0.70 3.65 Sandstone
3 GW3 Huchlu N 23˚ 43’ 34” E 84˚ 38’ 57” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 5.83 3.80 4.92 4.52 1.60 2.92 Gneiss
4 GW4 Balu N 23˚ 49’ 50” E 84˚ 39’ 52” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.39 4.80 8.50 5.50 2.70 2.80 Gneiss
5 GW5 Nawadi N 23˚ 49’ 19” E 84˚ 35’ 30” Dug Well Not in use 4.90 3.80 3.80 3.55 0.75 2.80 Gneiss
6 GW6 Patratu N 23˚ 47’ 22” E 84˚ 32’ 7” Dug Well Not in use 7.00 2.90 4.98 4.61 3.13 1.48 Gneiss
7 GW7 Masiatu N 23˚ 47’ 2” E 84˚ 41’ 40” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 7.20 1.65 6.35 5.73 4.18 1.55 Gneiss
8 GW8 Nindra N 23˚ 46’ 4” E 84˚ 43’ 29” Dug Well Domestic 8.22 4.70 6.85 6.50 1.85 4.65 Gneiss
9 GW9 Nakti N 23˚ 45’ 1” E 84˚ 41’ 4” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 6.90 3.44 4.40 4.10 1.95 2.15 Gneiss
10 GW10 Damodar N 23˚ 43’ 33” E 84˚ 45’ 29” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.45 3.10 9.45 9.25 6.80 2.45 Gneiss
11 GW11 Hariyatoli N 23˚ 45’ 40” E 84˚ 39’ 13” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.50 5.20 8.20 7.95 1.75 6.20 Sandstone
12 GW12 Deodariya N 23˚ 37’ 42” E 84˚ 36’ 46” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 7.10 2.70 4.45 3.80 2.05 1.75 Gneiss
13 GW13 Rakhat tali N 23˚ 41’ 40” E 84˚ 40’ 12” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.45 3.00 9.70 9.47 7.87 1.60 Gneiss
14 GW14 Brahmani N 23˚ 42’ 44” E 84˚ 38’ 29” Dug Well Irrigation 9.20 2.40 7.40 6.95 3.80 3.15 Gneiss
15 GW15 Purnadih N 23˚ 41’ 2” E 84˚ 39’ 13” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 12.75 1.90 9.25 9.03 2.98 6.05 Gneiss
16 GW16 Kulgada N 23˚ 41’ 1” E 84˚ 35’ 30” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.10 3.20 9.50 9.05 7.55 1.50 Gneiss
17 GW17 Richuguta N 23˚ 39’ 37” E 84˚ 35’ 47” Dug Well Not in use 8.30 2.90 7.00 6.50 2.90 3.60 Gneiss
18 GW18 Kendwahi N 23˚ 42’ 40” E 84˚ 35’ 39” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 13.40 1.60 12.40 11.95 8.35 3.60 Gneiss
19 GW19 Jalim Khurd N 23˚ 43’ 12” E 84˚ 34’ 8” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 8.93 3.30 7.55 7.20 4.15 3.05 Sandstone
20 GW20 Gowa N 23˚ 43’ 29” E 84˚ 33’ 29” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 12.50 3.80 9.50 9.40 3.10 6.30 Sandstone
21 GW21 Rehaldag N 23˚ 40’ 36” E 84˚ 34’ 7” Dug Well Domestic 7.40 2.42 6.80 6.40 3.00 3.40 Gneiss
22 GW22 Simri N 23˚ 41’ 55” E 84˚ 33’ 3” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.20 6.15 7.85 7.43 3.08 4.35 Gneiss
23 GW23 Bariatu Jagir N 23˚ 42’ 47” E 84˚ 30’ 58” Dug Well Domestic 8.40 3.20 5.93 5.28 2.85 2.43 Gneiss
24 GW24 Latehar N 23˚ 44’ 47” E 84˚ 29’ 51” Dug Well Domestic 5.43 2.30 3.30 2.70 2.20 0.50 Sandstone
25 GW25 Kura N 23˚ 46’ 24” E 84˚ 30’ 42” Dug Well Not in use 9.10 3.10 7.37 7.00 2.63 4.37 Gneiss
26 GW26 Karhima N 23˚ 46’ 0” E 84˚ 33’ 23” Dug Well Domestic 8.53 3.58 7.00 6.65 2.95 3.70 Sandstone
27 GW27 Kurhans N 23˚ 48’ 1” E 84˚ 31’ 54” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 11.50 2.90 10.22 9.67 5.45 4.22 Gneiss
28 GW28 Renchi N 23˚ 45’ 35” E 84˚ 38’ 14” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 9.93 2.10 6.80 6.45 1.20 5.25 Sandstone
29 GW29 Sikni N 23˚ 42’ 56” E 84˚ 37’ 39” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.00 4.45 8.00 7.50 3.90 3.60 Gneiss
30 GW30 Banhardih N 23˚ 44’ 27” E 84˚ 34’ 14” Dug Well Domestic 8.58 2.30 6.20 5.80 3.00 2.80 Sandstone
31 GW31 Rampur N 23˚ 43’ 47” E 84˚ 39’ 54” Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 12.90 2.52 7.80 7.27 3.97 3.30 Gneiss
Average 9.13 3.25 7.08 6.61 3.34 3.27
FIGURE-3.2.5
HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA
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A review of topography and drainage pattern reveals that the regional slope in
the study area is towards west. The water table contours almost follow the
topography of the study area showing the direction along surface drainage and
Auranga River. The ground water flow direction in the ML area is towards west
and the hydraulic gradient from ESE towards ML area is 7.89 m/km during post-
monsoon and 8.87 m/km during pre-monsoon.
3.2.5 Ground Water Resources
Two basic approaches recommended by the Ground Water Estimation Committee
(GEC), 1984, namely ground water level fluctuation method and rainfall
infiltration factor method, still form the basis for ground water assessment. In
GEC 1997 methodology, distinctions such as hard rock areas and alluvial areas,
canal command areas and non-command areas and recharge in monsoon season
and non-monsoon season are kept in view.
The revised methodology GEC 2015 recommends aquifer wise ground water
resource assessment. Ground water resources have two components –
replenishable ground water resources or dynamic ground water resources and in-
storage resources or static resources. GEC 2015 recommends estimation of
replenishable and in-storage ground water resources for both unconfined and
confined aquifers. Since the information on detailed aquifer geometry for the
study area is not available, methodology suggested for unconfined aquifers is
followed to estimate the ground water resources in the present case. Assessment
of ground water includes assessment of dynamic and in-storage ground water
resources.
The methodology for ground water resources estimation is based on the principle
of water balance as given below:
Inflow – Outflow = Change in Storage (of an aquifer)
Where,
ΔS = Change in storage
RRF = Rainfall recharge
RSTR = Recharge from stream channels
RC = Recharge from canals
RSWI = Recharge from surface water irrigation
RGWI = Recharge from ground water irrigation
RTP = Recharge from tanks & ponds
RWCS = Recharge from water conservation structures
VF = Vertical inter aquifer flow
LF = Lateral flow along the aquifer system (through flow)
GE = Ground water extraction
T = Transpiration
E = Evaporation
B = Base flow
In case base flow/recharge from stream and through flow have not been
estimated, the same may be assumed to be zero. If field studies for evaporation
and transpiration are not possible, for areas with water levels within 1.0 m bgl
evaporation can be estimated using the evaporation rates available for other
adjoining areas. If depth to water level is more than 1.0 m bgl, the evaporation
losses from the aquifer should be taken as zero.
Ground water balance in respect of the study area has been estimated as per GEC
2015 guidelines. As per GEC 2015 norms, areas where ground water resources
assessment shows stage of ground water development is ≤70%, >70% and
≤90%, >90% and ≤100% and >100% are categorized as “Safe”, “Semi Critical”,
“Critical” and “Over Exploited” respectively.
The study area forms part of Joda block of Keonjhar district and Koida block of
Sundargarh district of Chandwa, Latehar, Balumath and Herhanj blocks of Latehar
district of Jharkhand. The average stage of ground water development in these
blocks as per Ground Water Resource Assessment – 2017, Central Ground Water
Board (CGWB) is 28.83% and categorized as “Safe” – Chandwa with 26.49% as
“Safe”, Latehar with 38.89% as “Safe”, Balumath with 33.57% as “Safe” and
Herhanj with 16.37% as “Safe”.
As per GEC 2015 norms, areas where ground water resources assessment shows
stage of ground water development is ≤70% are categorized as “Safe”. Hence,
the stage of ground water development including initial project water requirement
in core zone is 0.25% and can be categorized as “Safe”.
Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying
sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the
ecological balance in the development of the region.
3.3.1 Objectives
The objectives of land use studies are:
To determine the present land use pattern;
To analyze the impacts on land use due to proposed Banhardih coal mining
activities in the study area; and
To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis
growth of coal mining activities in the study area and its associated impacts.
3.3.2 Methodology
For the study of land use, literature review of various secondary sources such as
District Census Handbooks, regional maps regarding topography, zoning
settlement, industry, forest etc., were taken. The data was collected from various
sources like District Census Handbook, Revenue records, state and central
government offices and Survey of India (SoI) Topo-sheets and also through
primary field surveys.
TABLE-3.3.1
LAND USE PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA
4 Fallows land other than current 0.00 620.96 1663.88 2284.84 4.13
fallows area
5 Current fallows area 0.00 359.18 2124.62 2483.80 4.49
6 Cultivable waste land area 507.56 1086.98 1321.24 2915.78 5.27
7 Urban area 0.00 711.28 1158.31 1869.59 3.38
Forest
The revenue forest land under the study area consists 17564.84 ha (31.74 %) of
the total geographic area.
The land not available for cultivation is 6821.24 ha (12.33 %) of the total study
area, which includes area of land with scrub, land without scrub, permanent
pastures, quarry, mining area, rocky/ stony and barren area.
This includes all land which was taken up for cultivation but is temporarily out of
cultivation for a period of not less than one year and not more than five years.
The fallows land is (2284.84 ha) 2.13 % in the study area.
This represents cropped area which is kept fallow during the current year. The
current fallows land is (2483.80 ha) 4.49 % in the total study area.
Cultivable Waste
This land includes that land, which was cultivated sometime back and left vacant
during the past 5 years in succession. Such lands may either be fallows or
covered with shrubs, which are not put to any use. Lands under thatching grass,
bamboo bushes, other grooves useful for fuel etc., and all grazing lands and
village common lands are also included in this category. The study area
comprises about (2915.78 ha) 5.27 % cultivable wastelands.
Urban Area
Remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the 10 km
radius study area for analyzing the land use pattern of the study area. Based on
the satellite data, land use/land cover maps have been prepared.
Methodology
The land use pattern of the study area (10 km radius around the Banhardih mine
site) has been estimated by interpreting the recent IRS Resourcesat-2 of 5 m
resolution (LISS IV FX) for the year 2020.
The present land use / land cover maps were prepared based on the classification
system of national standards. For explanation for each of the land use category
the details as given in Table 3.3.2 were considered.
TABLE-3.3.2
LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
3.3.4.3 Methodology
Field observations.
The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/ land cover thematic map is
monoscopic visual interpretation of geocoded scenes of IRS-Resourcesat-2
satellite and field observations are taken. The various steps involved in the study
are preparatory field work, field survey and post field work.
Both toposheets and imagery were taken for field verification and a transverse
plan using existing road network was made to cover as many representative
sample areas as possible to observe the broad land use features and to adjust the
sample areas according to field conditions. Detailed field observations and
investigations were carried out and noted the land use features on the imagery.
The base maps of the study area were prepared, with the help of Survey of India
topo-sheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features
boundaries from IRS-Resourcesat-2A LISS IV FX false colour composite were
modified in light of field information and the final thematic details were
transferred onto the base maps. The final interpreted and classified thematic map
was cartographed. The cartographic map was colored with standard colour coding
and detailed description of feature with standard symbols. All the classes noted
and marked by the standard legend on the map.
The final output would be the land use/land cover map numerals were given
different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all
features of land use/land cover categories was noted. The following are the main
interpreted land use/land cover classes of the study area and their respective
areas are given in hectares in Table-3.3.3 for the year 2020. The thematic map
of study area and land use pattern within 10 km radius based on IRS
Resourcesat-2A for the year 2020 are shown in Figure-3.3.1 and Figure-3.3.2
respectively.
The land use based on the satellite image is sourced from IRS Resourcesat-2A
with LISS-IV FX dated on 3rd May 2020 is given in Figure-3.3.1 and the satellite
image of land use map is given in Figure-3.3.2. The remote sensing data is
presented in the Table-3.3.2.
TABLE-3.3.3
LAND USE/LAND COVER STATISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA
3.3.4.6 Observations
The land use pattern of the study area indicates that 40.1% of the study area is
under agricultural lands followed by water bodies of about 31.5 %. Percentage of
built-up area and forest area is about 5.6 % and 31.5 % respectively. Wastelands
are about 12.9 % of study area.
FIGURE-3.3.1(A)
SATELLITE IMAGE OF STUDY AREA-10 KM
FIGURE-3.3.2 (A)
LAND USE/LAND COVER MAP BASED ON SATELLITE DATA-10 KM
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FIGURE-3.3.2 (B)
LANDUSE/LAND COVER MAP BASED ON SATELLITE DATA-5 KM
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FIGURE-3.3.2 (C)
CONTOUR MAP
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The baseline information on soil in the area is essential to determine the impact
of mining and associated activities on the soil quality and the anticipated impacts
in future. Accordingly, the assessment of the soil quality has been carried out.
Soil quality is the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or
managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity,
maintain or enhance water and air quality and support human health and
habitation. Soil quality reflects how well a soil performs the functions of
maintaining biodiversity and productivity, partitioning water and solute flow,
filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling and providing support for plants and other
structures. Thus, soil quality plays vital role in any particular geographical
phenomenon of ecology as well as physico-chemical environment. Soil quality can
indicate the current as well as future issues related with the water, ecology and
life in the particular region. Thus, it is clearly visible that soil contamination may
result in eventuality in form of contamination of water, ecological destruction, and
loss of productivity, food crisis and so threat to life. The major source of
contamination is wastes from industries as well as overuse of fertilizers &
pesticide. Thus, to determine the exact impacts of any project, it is very essential
to determine the existing status of soil quality and existing stress through a study
of soil quality assessment.
Considering this, for studying soils of the region, sampling locations were selected
to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the mine lease area
representing various physiological and land use conditions. The physical, chemical
characteristics were determined.
The present study of the soil samples establishes the baseline characteristics and
this will help in future identification of the incremental concentrations if any, due
to the operation of the opencast mining project. The sampling locations have
been identified with the following objectives:
For studying soil quality in the region, sampling locations were selected to assess
the existing soil conditions in and around the mine area representing various land
use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were
determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil
upto 90 cm depth.
Fifteen locations were identified within the study area for soil sampling. At each
location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60
cm and 90 cm below the surface and homogenized. The homogenized samples
were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. Samples were taken
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once during the study period in each season. This is in line with IS: 2720 and
Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for
Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized samples were
analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were
collected during during 1st December 2020 to 30th November 2021 (covering all
four seasons).
The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for
physico-chemical parameters. The methodology adopted for each parameter is
described in Table-3.4.1. The details of the sampling locations are given in
Table-3.4.2. The soil quality for all the locations is tabulated in Table-3.4.3. The
results are compared with standard classification as given in Table-3.4.4. The
baseline photographs are attached as Annexure-XVI. The soil quality data and
its interpretation for post-monsoon, monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons is given
in Annexure-XVII. The overall comparison of soil quality results of winter, post-
monsoon, monsoon and pre-monsoon season is given in Table-3.4.5.
TABLE-3.4.1
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL ANALYSIS
TABLE 3.4.2
DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
FIGURE-3.4.1
SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
TABLE-3.4.3 (A)
SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS-1ST DECEMBER 2020 TO 28TH FEBRUARY 2021 (WINTER SEASON)
TABLE-3.4.3 (B)
SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS-1ST DECEMBER 2020 TO 28TH FEBRUARY 2021 (WINTER SEASON)
Sr.No Parameters UOM S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 Min Max
1 pH (1:5 Aq.Extract) - 5.84 6.52 6.22 7.12 7.41 6.86 6.38 5.84 7.41
2 Conductivity (1:5 Aq.Extract) µS/cm 76.9 88.9 112.5 68.9 59.8 70.8 56.2 38.6 124.5
3 Texture ---- Silty Clay Silty Clay Clay Clay Clay Sandy Clay Clay - -
4 Sand % 22 11 28 32 26 49 25 11 49
5 Silt % 34 36 13 20 22 19 14 13 36
6 Clay % 44 53 59 48 52 32 61 32 61
7 Bulk Density g/cc 1.29 1.34 1.22 1.34 1.38 1.36 1.31 1.22 1.42
8 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca mg/kg 984.0 1044.0 895.0 685.0 1452.0 1186.0 1230.0 685 1452
9 Exchangeable Magnesium as mg/kg 285.0 388.0
Mg 366.0 211.0 244.0 268.0 398.0 168 456
10 Exchangeable Sodium as Na mg/kg 26.8 31.5 22.8 36.4 41.2 36.8 41.8 18.4 64.3
11 Sodium Absorption Ratio ---- 0.21 0.18 0.30 0.26 0.26
(SAR) 0.19 0.24 0.16 0.50
Sr.No Parameters UOM S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 Min Max
12 Available Nitrogen as N Kg/ha 58.7 50.6 52.0 63.6 68.2 73.8 53.3 37.6 73.8
13 Available Phosphorous as P Kg/ha 82.6 92.3 84.2 121.5 104.5 132.6 84.3 52.6 132.6
14 Available Potassium as K Kg/ha 284.6 266.9 341.5 274.8 253.6 362.5 341.8 253.6 362.5
15 Organic Carbon % 0.47 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.56 0.42 0.29 0.56
16 Organic Matter % 0.81 0.67 0.76 0.84 0.88 0.97 0.72 0.50 0.97
17 Water Soluble Chlorides as Cl mg/kg 54.8 66.8 48.9 75.2 64.8 59.6 48.9 48.9 108.5
18 Water Soluble Sulphates as mg/kg 22.8 19.6
SO4 19.6 26.4 32.8 28.4 24.3 19.6 61.3
19 Aluminum % 6.6 5.6 4.8 4.8 6.3 6.7 5.8 4.8 6.8
20 Total Iron % 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.3 1.8 3.1
21 Manganese mg/kg 264 295 308 324 255 241 235 168 324
22 Boron mg/kg 12.6 13.4 17.4 14.3 16.2 13.5 14.2 11.8 35.6
23 Zinc mg/kg 64.8 81.3 76.8 88.9 64.8 92.6 72.4 58.6 102.5
24 Total Chromium as Cr mg/kg 24.8 41.5 22.6 32.5 28.6 26.8 33.8 22.6 42.5
25 Lead as Pb mg/kg 2.55 1.78 1.12 2.36 1.56 1.48 2.11 0.96 2.86
26 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 9.86 11.24 7.84 11.36 12.45 9.84 5.62 5.62 12.45
27 Arsenic as As mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
28 Mercury as Hg mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
29 Cadmium as Cd mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
30 Exchangeable Sodium meq/100g 0.14 0.16 0.13 0.18 0.20 0.18 0.22 0.09 0.32
31 Exchangeable Potassium meq/100g 1.13 1.06 1.36 1.09 1.01 1.44 1.36 1.01 1.44
32 Exchangeable Calcium meq/100g 5.91 6.04 5.69 3.96 8.15 6.76 7.28 3.96 8.15
33 Exchangeable Magnesium meq/100g 2.85 3.53 2.23 2.35 2.51 3.69 3.92 1.63 4.33
34 Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100g 10.04 10.79 9.40 7.59 11.87 12.07 12.77 7.59 12.77
TABLE-3.4.4
STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION
The phosphorus values range between 52.6 to 132.6 kg/ha, indicating that
the phosphorus content in the study area falls in average sufficient to more
than sufficient category.
The potassium values range between 253.6 –362.5 kg/ha. The potassium
content in the study area falls in average to more than sufficient category.
The chlorides were found to be in the range of 48.9 – 108.5 mg/kg of soil.
There were no problems of salinity, toxicity and waterlogging in the study area
but cultivation and cropping intensity was much lower compared with any
command area with assured irrigation. Paddy is grown during the rainy season.
Wheat and Mustard are the prominent crops during the rabi season. Water from
borewells was used for cultivation during the rabi season. There are problems of
severe soil erosion leading to gully formation even in forest areas.
TABLE-3.4.5
SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS
(COMPARISON OF FOUR SEASONS)
Overall Comparison
It has been observed that the pH of the soil in the study area ranged from
5.84-7.52. The maximum pH 7.52 was observed in monsoon season and
minimum pH i.e. 5.84 was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the electrical conductivity of the soil in the study
area ranged from 38.6-168.5 µS/cm. The maximum EC i.e. 168.5 µS/cm was
observed in monsoon season and minimum EC i.e. 38.6 µS/cm was observed
in winter season.
It has been observed that the Nitrogen values of the soil in the study area
ranged from 37.6-89.6 kg/ha. The maximum Nitrogen i.e. 89.6 kg/ha was
observed in pre-monsoon & monsoon season and minimum Nitrogen i.e. 37.6
kg/ha was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the phosphorus values of the soil in the study area
ranged from 52.6-152.6 kg/ha. The maximum phosphorus values 152.6 kg/ha
was observed in monsoon season and minimum phosphorus values i.e. 52.6
kg/ha was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the potassium values of the soil in the study area
ranged from 253.6-364.2 kg/ha. The maximum potassium values 364.2 kg/ha
was observed in pre-monsoon season and minimum potassium values i.e.
253.6 kg/ha was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the chlorides of the soil in the study area ranged
from 48.9-112.4 mg/kg. The maximum chlorides 112.4 mg/kg was observed
in pre-monsoon season and minimum chlorides ie. 48.9 mg/kg was observed
in winter season.
It has been observed that the calcium of the soil in the study area ranged
from 685-1452 mg/kg. The maximum calcium 1452 mg/kg was observed in
winter season and minimum calcium i.e. 685 mg/kg was also observed in
winter season.
It has been observed that the Magnesium of the soil in the study area ranged
from 168.0 -521.6 mg/kg. The maximum Magnesium 521.6 mg/kg was
observed in monsoon season and minimum Magnesium ie. 168 mg/kg was
observed in winter season.
3.5 Meteorology
The meteorological data recorded during the study period is very useful for proper
interpretation of the baseline information regarding proposed project and
surrounding area for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological
parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general
meteorological regime of the region.
3.5.1 Methodology
TABLE-3.5.1
SENSITIVITY OF METEOROLOGY MONITORING EQUIPMENT
The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study
period and comprises of wind speed, wind direction (from 0 to 360 degrees),
temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall. The meteorological
parameters have been recorded and are presented in Table-3.5.2.
TABLE-3.5.2
SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE
Winter Season
The wind rose for the study period representing winter season is shown in
Figure-3.5.1. A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds
are mostly from NW followed by NE. Calm conditions prevailed for 28.5 % of the
total time. Average wind speed is 3.26 m/s.
Pre-Monsoon Season
A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from
NW followed by W. Calm conditions prevailed for 14.9 % of the total time.
Average wind speed is 2.73 m/s.
Monsoon Season
A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from
NE followed by W. Calm conditions prevailed for 20.5 % of the total time.
Average wind speed is 4.25 m/s.
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Post-Monsoon Season
A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from
NE followed by NW. Calm conditions prevailed for 45.2 % of the total time.
Average wind speed is 3.15 m/s
Annual Windrose
A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from
NW followed by NE. Calm conditions prevailed for 33.8 % of the total time.
Average wind speed is 3.34 m/s.
N
W
19
.8
%
%
.3
14
E
N
NN
.8%
W2
E1
N 0.7%
.6%
NN
WN .0%
W 3.4 E4
% EN
1.
SE
SW
W0
S 2.1%
2.
6%
SS
SS
E4
.3%
SCALE 5%
SPEED CALM
FIGURE-3.5.1
SITE-SPECIFIC WINDROSE-WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-3.5.2
SITE-SPECIFIC WINDROSE-PRE-MONSOON SEASON
FIGURE-3.5.3
SITE-SPECIFIC WINDROSE-MONSOON SEASON
FIGURE-3.5.4
SITE-SPECIFIC WINDROSE-POST-MONSOON SEASON
N
W
18
.7
%
%
.0
15
E
N
N 3.7%
.5%
NN
W
E0
0.6
NN
WN
%
W .3%
0.4 E0
% EN
W 12.1% C-33.8% E 4.7%
% ES
. 7 E0
0 .2%
W
WS
%
SE
SS
0.1
2.
S 1.2%
E0
0%
W
.2%
8%
SS
5.
SW
SCALE 5%
SPEED CALM
1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr
FIGURE-3.5.5
SITE-SPECIFIC WIND ROSE-ANNUAL WINDROSE
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TABLE-3.5.3
CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA STATION: IMD, DALTONGANJ
Monthly
Atmospheric
Temperature (0C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall
Pressure (hPa)
Month (mm)
0830
1730 Hrs Max Min 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs Total
Hrs
January 991.5 988.1 29.8 4.5 78 52 14.0
February 989.4 986.0 32.7 6.8 70 44 23.4
March 986.6 982.1 38.6 10.9 56 33 14.0
April 982.2 977.5 42.4 16.9 45 27 15.4
May 978.3 974.3 44.8 21.1 47 30 28.1
June 974.4 971.2 43.6 23.1 62 53 165.4
July 974.8 972.1 37.0 23.0 79 76 332.1
August 975.9 972.9 35.4 23.3 82 79 295.7
September 980.3 977.0 35.7 21.8 80 74 195.7
October 985.8 982.4 34.8 15.4 76 60 57.6
November 990.1 986.5 32.4 9.6 77 55 11.7
December 991.9 988.5 29.0 5.7 78 54 6.4
Range Total:
971.2-991.9 4.5-44.8 27-82 1159.6
Source: Climatological Normals (1971-2000), Published by IMD-Pune
3.5.3.2 Comments
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) records the data two times a day viz.
0830 hr and 1730 hr, while the site-specific data has been recorded at an hourly
interval. On comparison of site-specific data generated for study period vis-à-vis
the IMD data, slight variations were found. The following observations are brought
out:
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The temperature recorded on site when compared with the IMD, slight
variations were found. The maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at
site during study period were 45.0 0C and 5.90C, whereas the maximum and
minimum values recorded at IMD, Daltonganj are 44.8 oC and 4.5oC
respectively during the same period;
The relative humidity was observed to range from 53%–79% during the study
period whereas according to IMD, Daltonganj the relative humidity was
observed to be range from 27 % to 82 %; and
The wind rose diagram of IMD shows that predominant winds are mostly from
NW followed by NE.
FIGURE-3.5.6(A)
WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF WINTER SEASON (IMD- DALTONGANJ)
FIGURE-3.5.6(B)
WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF PRE-MONSOON SEASON (IMD- DALTONGANJ)
FIGURE-3.5.6(C)
WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF MONSOON SEASON (IMD-DALTONGANJ)
FIGURE-3.5.6(D)
WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF POST-MONSOON SEASON (IMD- DALTONGANJ)
FIGURE-3.5.6(E)
WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF ANNUAL SEASON (IMD-DALTONGANJ)
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This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for
sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of
monitoring carried out for study period 1st December 2020 to 30th November 2021
(Covering all four seasons) are presented in Annexure-VII.
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a
scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of
monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme have been based on
the following considerations:
Ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at 10 locations. Table-
3.6.1 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring station.
The location of the selected stations with reference to the mine lease area
boundary is given in the below table and shown in Figure-3.6.1.
TABLE-3.6.1
DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS
Winter Season
ML Area near Chattasemal (AAQ1): This sampling station is located in the project
area. The main objective to select this location is to assess the concentration of
pollutants within mine. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to
standards of the ambient air quality during mine operation.
Near Renchi PF (AAQ5): This sampling station is located at a distance of about 2.3
km in N direction of the project site. The objective for selection of this location is to
assess the concentration of pollutants nearby Protected Forest. This location
represents crosswind direction.
Latdag Near PF (AAQ8): This sampling station is located at a distance of about 3.4
km in SE direction of the project site. The objective for selection of this location is
to assess the concentration of pollutants nearby the forest area. This location
represents downwind direction.
Jalim Kalan (AAQ9): This sampling station is located at a distance of about 3.3 km
in SW direction of the project site. The objective for selection of this location is to
assess the concentration of pollutants in rural residential area. This location
represents crosswind direction.
NW
19
.8%
.3%
14
NE
NNW
1.8%
N 0.7%
2.6%
NNE
WNW
3.4% 4.0%
ENE
0.9% ESE
WSW 2.2%
%
0.8%
SE
1.3
2.6
SW
S 2.1%
SSW
%
SSE
4.3%
SCALE 5%
SPEED CALM
(Winter Season)
Site Specic Windrose
FIGURE-3.6.1
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS
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PM10 (<10) present in ambient air is drawn through the cyclone. Coarse and
non-respirable dust (>10) is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces
acting on the solid particles. These separated particulates fall through the
cyclone’s conical hopper and collect in the sampling cup placed at the bottom of
the cyclone. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable fraction passes
through the cyclone and is retained by the filter paper.
A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for
sampling air through a set of impingers. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow
rate of 0.2 litres per minute (lpm). The air samples were analyzed as per
standard methods specified in IS: 5182.
APM 550 Fine Particulate Sampler (PM2.5) attached with impactor have been used
for sampling of fine particulate (<2.5 microns).
filter over a specified sampling period. Each filter is weighed before and after
sample collection to determine the net gain due to the particulate matter.
Duration of Sampling
The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2 is twenty-four hourly
continuous samples per day and CO and O3 are sampled for 8 hours continuously
thrice a day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards
mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) (18th November 2009).
The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5182 and American Public Health Association
(APHA).
Dust samplers of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring PM10 (<10
microns), PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NO2, NH3 & O3 were collected
through wet chemical absorbing reagents in gaseous attachment.NDIR
Spectroscopy have been used for the estimation of CO.
The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable
levels are given in Table-3.6.2.
TABLE-3.6.2
TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
TABLE-3.6.3
MONITORED PARAMETERS AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING
TABLE-3.6.4 (A)
SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS (WINTER SEASON)
1 ML Area near Chattasemal 154 245 201 244 5.1 6.7 5.8 6.6 <20.0 <1.0
2 Karhima 143 231 193 227 3.9 8.3 6.5 7.8 <20.0 <1.0
3 Sasang 219 334 275 315 4.8 6.5 5.6 6.4 <20.0 <1.0
4 Rampur 193 252 221 250 4.9 6.6 5.6 6.5 <20.0 <1.0
5 Near Renchi PF 186 298 247 293 5.4 9.9 6.9 9.5 <20.0 <1.0
6 Rakhantoli 189 263 229 261 3.2 4.6 3.9 4.6 <20.0 <1.0
7 Jagaldaga 151 241 205 238 4.2 5.4 4.8 5.4 <20.0 <1.0
8 Latdag Near PF 174 237 212 235 4.3 5.3 4.8 5.3 <20.0 <1.0
9 Jalim Kalan 192 252 220 250 3.9 5.6 4.6 5.5 <20.0 <1.0
10 Muka 173 236 211 234 3.3 4.3 3.8 4.3 <20.0 <1.0
Range 151-334 3.2-9.9 <20.0 <1.0
NAAQ 400
2000 100 5
Standards
The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 27.1 g/m3
and 61.6 g/m3 respectively. The minimum and maximum concentration was
recorded at Karhima (AAQ2) and Sasang (AAQ3) respectively.
The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 11.3 g/m3
and 32.0 g/m3 respectively. The minimum and maximum concentration was
recorded at Near Renchi PF (AAQ5) and Sasang (AAQ3) respectively.
The minimum and maximum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 9.1 g/m3 and
16.6 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Karhima
(AAQ2) and Sasang (AAQ3) respectively.
The minimum and maximum NO2 concentrations were recorded as 10.0 g/m3 and
21.0 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Latdag
Near PF (AAQ9) and Naidupeta (AAQ5) respectively.
The minimum and maximum CO concentrations were recorded as 151 g/m3 and
334 g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Jagaldaga
village (AAQ3) and Sasang (AAQ3) respectively.
The minimum and maximum O3 concentrations were recorded as 3.2 g/m3 and 9.9
g/m3. The minimum and maximum concentration was recorded at Rakhantoli
(AAQ6) and Near Renchi PF (AAQ5).
The concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO, NH3, Pb, BaP, As, Ni and C6H6
are observed to be well within the NAAQ standards 2009.
TABLE-3.6.5
RSPM CHARACTERISATON
TABLE-3.6.5
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS
(WINTER, PRE-MONSOON, MONSOON AND POST-MONSOON SEASON)
It has been observed that the PM10 ranged from 27.1-62.8 µg/m3. The
maximum PM10 62.8 µg/m3 was observed in Pre-monsoon season and
minimum PM10 i.e. 27.1 µg/m3 was observed in winter and monsoon season.
It has been observed that the PM2.5 ranged from 11.3-33.7 µg/m3. The
maximum PM2.5 i.e. 33.7 µg/m3 was observed in Pre-monsoon season and
minimum PM2.5 i.e. 11.3 µg/m3 was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the SO2 concentration ranged from 6.9-16.6 µg/m3.
The maximum SO2 concentration i.e. 16.6 µg/m3 was observed in winter
season and minimum SO2 concentration i.e. 6.9 µg/m3 was observed in
monsoon season.
It has been observed that the NO2 concentration ranged from 10.0-21.0
µg/m3. The maximum NO2 values i.e. 21.0 µg/m3 was observed in winter
season and minimum NO2 values i.e. 10.0 µg/m3 was also observed in winter
season.
It has been observed that the CO concentration ranged from 143-339 µg/m3.
The maximum CO values 339 µg/m3 was observed in monsoon and post-
monsoon season and minimum CO values i.e. 143 µg/m3 was observed in
monsoon season.
It has been observed that the Ozone (03) µg/m3 of the air in the study area
ranged from 2.2-10.5 µg/m3. The maximum concentration i.e 10.5 µg/m3 was
observed in pre-monsoon season and minimum concentration i.e. 2.2 µg/m3
was observed in monsoon season.
The concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO, NH3, Pb, BaP, As, Ni and
C6H6 are observed to be well within the NAAQS standards 2009.
The information required has been collected through primary surveys and
secondary sources.
3.7.1 Methodology
Drainage pattern;
Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely impact
areas; and
Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.
Six surface water and six ground water sources in the study area were examined
for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to
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assess the effect of industrial activities and other activities on surface and ground
water. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American
Public Health Association (APHA).
The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed
as per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in Table-3.7.1.
TABLE-3.7.1
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)
FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Analytical Techniques
TABLE-3.7.2
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR WATER AND
WASTEWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Parameter Method
pH APHA-4500-H+
Colour APHA-2120 C
Odour IS: 3025, Part-4
Temperature APHA-2550 B
Dissolved oxygen APHA-4500 O
BOD APHA-5210 B
Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B
Turbidity APHA-2130 B
Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl-
Fluorides APHA-4500 F-
Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C
Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D
Total hardness APHA-2340 C
Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4-2
Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As
Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca
Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg
Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na
Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K
Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn
Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg
Selenium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 Se
Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb
Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu
Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd
Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe
Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn
Boron APHA-4500 B
Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D
Alkalinity APHA-2320 B
In the study area, six surface and six ground water samples were collected during
the study period of one year (covering all four seasons). These samples were
taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with
the standards. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.7.3 and
are shown in Figure-3.7.1. The sampling photographs are shown in Figure-3.7.2
& Figure-3.7.3.
TABLE-3.7.3
WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Ground Water
The ground water samples were collected from the village hand pumps surrounded
by the habitation. The major activities of the ground water are drinking and
domestic usage.
Surface Water
Auranga river and Sukri river are the main surface water resources in the study
area. The sampling sites are selected for upstream, downstream streams of rivers.
Other surface water samples collected for water quality survey are nalas and
ponds.
The water is used for domestic purpose, animal drinking usage and agricultural
activities of nearby villages except at SW5 & SW6. Fishing activities are observed in
pond at Dhamdhamiyam (SW5). Water flow observed is not clear at SW5.
The analytical results of water samples for surface water and ground water (winter
season) are given in Table-3.7.4 and Table-3.7.5. The interpretation of the water
quality results for Pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon season is given in
Annexure-XVII.
FIGURE-3.7.1
WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
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TABLE-3.7.4 (A)
SURFACE WATER QUALITY-DECEMBER 2020
Sr.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 Min Max
1 pH - 6.95 7.01 7.31 7.52 6.7 7.12 6.7 7.52
2 Colour Hazen 8 6 7 10 7 8 6 10
3 Conductivity mS/cm 728 354 367 298 256 708 256 728
4 TDS mg/l 391.0 194.4 199.8 162.7 147.9 388.7 147.86 390.95
5 DO mg/l 5.9 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.6 6.1
6 BOD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3
7 COD mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
8 Turbidity NTU 2 3 5 2 6 3 2 6
9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 225.8 108.1 109.9 84.6 71.6 208.8 71.6 225.8
10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 186 82 94 62 48 168 48 186
11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 52.8 23.8 26.5 16.9 14.8 46.8 14.8 52.8
12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 22.8 11.8 10.6 10.3 8.4 22.3 8.4 22.8
13 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 78.6 42.6 43.8 43.6 36.3 82.6 36.3 82.6
14 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
15 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 52.9 24.3 21.4 16.5 21.3 58.6 16.5 58.6
17 Fluorides as F mg/l 0.65 0.67 0.61 0.6 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.67
18 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 7.8 8.6 7.2 6.8 6.7 7.8 6.7 8.6
19 Sodium as Na mg/l 58.6 28.6 31.2 28.4 24.6 62.8 24.6 62.8
20 Potassium as K mg/l 8.6 5.2 4.8 2.1 2.4 6.4 2.1 8.6
21 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.23 0.18 0.24 0.26 0.19 0.21 0.18 0.26
22 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
23 Cyanides mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
24 Oil and grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003
26 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
27 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
28 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.28 0.23 0.37 0.29 0.26 0.32 0.23 0.37
Sr.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 Min Max
30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
31 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.07 0.12
33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.12
34 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
35 SAR - 1.70 1.20 1.30 1.34 1.27 1.89 1.20 1.89
36 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
37 Anionic Detergents as MBAS mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
38 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 840 620 740 820 940 1020 620 1020
TABLE-3.7.4 (B)
SURFACE WATER QUALITY -JANUARY 2021
Sr.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 Min Max
1 pH - 7.06 7.48 7.68 7.36 7.11 7.41 7.06 7.68
2 Colour Hazen 6 8 10 8 9 7 6 10
3 Conductivity mS/cm 590 660 560 500 480 530 480 660
4 TDS mg/l 404.2 201.4 187.8 166.1 148.4 376.3 148.4 404.2
5 DO mg/l 5.6 5.9 6 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 6
6 BOD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3
7 COD mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
8 Turbidty NTU 3 3 4 2 5 3 2 5
9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 229.3 99.4 115.4 88.9 76.1 205.2 76.1 229.3
10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 192 88 102 71 52 174 52 192
11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 51.4 21.8 27.4 17.8 15.3 46.2 15.3 51.4
12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 24.5 10.9 11.4 10.8 9.2 21.8 9.2 24.5
13 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 83.6 40.5 33.6 39.6 32.8 72.8 32.8 83.6
14 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
15 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 53.9 26.4 18.6 18.2 23.6 56.8 18.2 56.8
17 Fluorides as F mg/l 0.5 0.64 0.7 0.53 0.54 0.57 0.50 0.70
18 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 7.6 8.3 7.4 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.2 8.3
19 Sodium as Na mg/l 62.6 34.9 25.2 28.1 23.4 59.6 23.4 62.6
20 Potassium as K mg/l 6.4 4.9 5.2 2.3 2.1 6.2 2.1 6.4
21 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.26 0.18 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.19 0.18 0.26
22 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
23 Cyanides mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
24 Oil and grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003
26 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
27 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
28 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.31 0.28 0.33 0.27 0.29 0.38 0.27 0.38
Sr.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 Min Max
30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
31 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.11
33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.06 0.12
34 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
35 SAR - 1.80 1.52 1.02 1.30 1.17 1.81 1.02 1.81
36 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
37 Anionic Detergents as MBAS mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
38 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 1120 880 940 1120 920 860 860 1120
TABLE-3.7.4 (C)
SURFACE WATER QUALITY-FEBRUARY 2021
Sr.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 Min Max
1 pH - 7.11 7.36 7.46 7.34 7.26 7.49 7.11 7.49
2 Colour Hazen 12 7 10 8 9 10 7 12
3 Conductivity mS/cm 630 730 650 590 550 610 550 730
4 TDS mg/l 394.2 198.5 187.1 169.8 149.2 368.4 149.16 394.2
5 DO mg/l 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.6 6.2
6 BOD mg/l <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3
7 COD mg/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
8 Turbidty NTU 2 2 5 3 6 4 2 6
9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 222.8 102.7 110.9 90.4 79.3 212.0 79.25 222.79
10 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 184 73 106 78 58 168 58 184
11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 50.6 22.3 26.9 17.4 15.9 47.6 15.9 50.6
12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 23.4 11.4 10.6 11.4 9.6 22.6 9.6 23.4
13 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 84.2 51.2 29.6 38.4 30.8 78.6 29.6 84.2
14 Residual Free Chlorine mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
15 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
16 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 51.4 25.4 19.4 17.6 22.5 54.8 17.6 54.8
17 Fluorides as F mg/l 0.6 0.69 0.63 0.7 0.56 0.6 0.56 0.7
18 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 7.4 6.9 7.2 5.8 6.3 5.8 5.8 7.4
Chapter-3 Description of the Environment VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Sr.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 Min Max
19 Sodium as Na mg/l 60.8 32.2 26.8 29.4 22.9 57.6 22.9 60.8
20 Potassium as K mg/l 7.6 5.4 4.6 2.4 2.3 5.8 2.3 7.6
21 Total Boron as B mg/l 0.22 0.26 0.24 0.12 0.11 0.19 0.11 0.26
22 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
23 Cyanides mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
24 Oil and grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
25 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003
26 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
27 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
28 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.41 0.28 0.29 0.34 0.29 0.34 0.28 0.41
30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
31 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.14 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.14
33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.11
34 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
35 SAR - 1.77 1.38 1.11 1.35 1.12 1.72 1.11 1.77
36 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
37 Anionic Detergents as MBAS mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
38 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 740 680 690 1100 890 740 680 1100
TABLE-3.7.5 (A)
GROUND WATER QUALITY-DECEMBER 2020
TABLE-3.7.5 (B)
GROUND WATER QUALITY -JANUARY 2021
Sr.No Parameters Unit IS: 10500 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 Min Max
Limits
1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) 7.32 7.21 7.26 7.48 7.66 6.98 6.98 7.66
2 Colour Hazen 5(25) 3 2 3 4 5 2 2 5
3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
4 Odour - U.O Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 540 326 431.5 426 590 1660 326 1660
6 Turbidity NTU 5(10) 4 5 2 4 3 4 2 5
7 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 357.3 204.6 269.1 268.6 378.2 1038.8 204.6 1038.8
8 Total Hardness as mg/l 300(600) 160.3 90.0 113.7 122.2 143.3 432.9 90.0 432.9
CaCO3
9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 164 68.3 82 85.6 132.5 321 68.3 321
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 38.1 19.2 26.4 27.8 32.8 112.6 19.2 112.6
11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 15.8 10.2 11.6 12.8 14.9 36.8 10.2 36.8
12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
13 Boron mg/l 1 0.11 0.16 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.1 0.07 0.16
14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 42.5 48.5 71.8 66.4 85.9 289.6 42.5 289.6
15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 39.1 19.4 23.2 25.8 31.9 82.4 19.4 82.4
Chapter-3 Description of the Environment VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Sr.No Parameters Unit IS: 10500 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 Min Max
Limits
16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.61 0.5 0.61 0.5 0.56 0.69 0.5 0.69
17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 6.8 7.1 6.9 7.3 8.1 6.4 6.4 8.1
18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 48.6 32.4 45.2 40.2 66.5 177.6 32.4 177.6
19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 3.6 1.6 2.3 2.8 5.8 8.9 1.6 8.9
20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
21 Cyanides mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.01 (0.03) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01 (NR) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003
25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 (1.5) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01
28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1 (0.3) 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.02
29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.11 0.07 0.16 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.16
30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.08
33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
36 E. Coil - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
37 Total Coliforms MPN/100 10 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
TABLE-3.7.5 (C)
GROUND WATER QUALITY-FEBRUARY 2021
Sr.No Parameters Unit IS: 10500 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 Min Max
Limits
1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) 7.26 7.29 7.24 7.32 7.64 6.92 6.92 7.64
2 Colour Hazen 5(25) 2 4 3 4 5 4 2 5
3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
4 Odour - U.O Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 480 341 464 394 630 1690 341 1690
6 Turbidity NTU 5(10) 4 3 2 1 3 4 1 4
7 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 320.52 214.8 292.5 249.4 403.9 1072.1 214.8 1072.1
8 Total Hardness as mg/l 300(600) 142.5 94.4 119.0 110.1 151.1 406.7 94.4 406.7
CaCO3
9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 146 71.2 94.6 78.4 146.5 336.5 71.2 336.5
10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 34.6 19.8 27.2 26.1 33.6 104.4 19.8 104.4
11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 13.6 10.9 12.4 10.9 16.3 35.4 10.9 35.4
12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
13 Boron mg/l 1 0.12 0.16 0.11 0.24 0.16 0.18 0.11 0.24
14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 36.8 51.3 72.4 61.5 88.9 298.6 36.8 298.6
15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 36.7 21.2 26.4 24.8 32.8 81.9 21.2 81.9
16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.5 0.6 0.54 0.6 0.67 0.59 0.5 0.67
17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 7.1 6.2 5.6 6.8 7.6 8.4 5.6 8.4
18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 43 34.2 50.4 38.6 71.8 197.4 34.2 197.4
19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 3.42 1.4 2.6 2.5 6.5 8.3 1.4 8.3
20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
21 Cyanides mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.01 (0.03) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01 (NR) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003
25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 (1.5) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01
28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1 (0.3) 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.03
29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.12
Chapter-3 Description of the Environment VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Sr.No Parameters Unit IS: 10500 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 Min Max
Limits
30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.07
33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
36 E. Coil - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
37 Total Coliforms MPN/100 10 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
Winter Season
The results of surface water sample analysis indicate that the pH value was
observed to be in the range of 6.7 to 7.68, which are well within the specified
standards of 6.5 to 8.5.
The dissolved oxygen was observed in the range of 5.6 mg/l to 6.2 mg/l.
The total hardness was found to be in the range of 71.6 mg/l to 229.3 mg/l.
Maximum concentration was found in near U/S of Anuraga River near Kama
(SW1) and the minimum was found in Pond at Dhamdhamiyam (SW5) location
are well within the standards.
The chloride concentration was observed in the range of 29.6 mg/l to 84.2mg/l
and the sulphates were found to be in the range of 16.5 mg/l to 58.6 mg/l.
Fluoride content was found to be in the range of 0.5 mg/l to 0.7 mg/l.
The total coliform counts are 620-1120 in all the samples against the standard
limit of 10 MPN/100 ml.
The analysis results of ground water samples showed the pH in range of 6.85 -
7.66 which are with the specified standard limits of 6.5 to 8.5.
Color and turbidity of the samples ranged from 2-5 Hazens and 1-5 NTU
respectively.
The total hardness of the samples ranged from 79.7 -432.9 mg/l. The
minimum value was observed in Jagaldaga (GW2) and whereas the maximum
value observed at Murityattoli (GW6).
Calcium and magnesium concentrations ranged from 16.4 -112.6 mg/l and 9.4-
36.8 mg/l respectively.
Chapter-3 Description of the Environment VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
Doc. No.: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
Report for the Rev. No.: 0
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of Rev. Date:25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity
Page No.: C3-81
The total dissolved solids of the samples ranged from 141.9 -1072.1 mg/l. The
maximum value was observed in Murityattoli (GW6) and whereas the minimum
value observed at Jagaldaga (GW2).
Fluoride concentration ranged from 0.5-0.72 mg/l and is found to be within the
permissible limits.
Similarly, nitrates are also found to be ranging in between 5.5– 9.2 mg/l.
Iron concentrations in ground water varied from 0.07-0.16 mg/l. Zinc levels
varied from 0.03 mg/l to 0.08 mg/l respectively.
Aluminium concentration in ground water is <0.01 mg/l which are within the
limits stipulated.
The total coliform counts are absent in all the samples against the standard limit
of 10 MPN/100 ml.
Based on the above results, it is evident that all of the parameters in ground water
fairly meet the desirable standard limits of IS: 10500. The ground water quality in
the study area does not indicate any industrial contamination.
The interpretation for surface water & ground quality (covering all 4 seasons) is
given below in Table-3.7.6 and Table-3.7.7.
TABLE-3.7.6
SUMMARY OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY
(COVERING ALL FOUR SEASONS)
The results of surface water sample analysis indicate that the pH value was
observed to be in the range of 6.7-7.91, which are well within the specified
standards of 6.5 to 8.5. The minimum concentration was found in winter season
and maximum concentration was found in pre-monsoon and monsoon season.
The total hardness was found to be in the range of 71.6 mg/l to 229.3 mg/l.
Maximum concentration was found in winter season (January 2021) and the
minimum concentration was also found in winter season (December 2020) are
well within the standards.
The chloride concentration was observed in the range of 29.6 mg/l to 96.3 mg/l
and the sulphates were found to be in the range of 16.5 mg/l to 68.5 mg/l.
Maximum concentration was found in post-monsoon season and the minimum
concentration was found in winter season are well within the standards.
Fluoride content was found to be in the range of 0.4 mg/l to 0.9 mg/l.
Maximum concentration was found in post-monsoon season and the minimum
concentration was also found in pre-monsoon and monsoon season are well
within the standards.
The total coliform counts are 590-1340 in all the samples against the standard
limit of 10 MPN/100 ml. Maximum concentration was found in monsoon season
and the minimum concentration was found in post-monsoon season and are
well within the standards.
TABLE-3.7.7
SUMMARY OF GROUND WATER QUALITY
(COVERING ALL FOUR SEASONS)
The analysis results of ground water samples showed the pH in range of 6.84-
7.68 which are with the specified standard limits of 6.5 to 8.5.
The total hardness of the samples ranged from 79.7-432.9 mg/l. The
minimum value was observed in winter season and whereas the maximum
value was also observed in winter season.
Calcium and magnesium concentrations ranged from 16.4-112.6 mg/l and 8.9-
37.4 mg/l respectively.
The total dissolved solids of the samples ranged from 141.9-1072.1 mg/l. The
maximum value was observed in winter season whereas the minimum value
was also observed at winter season.
Range of chlorides and sulphates concentrations at all the locations are 34.8-
298.6 mg/l and 17.9-84.6 mg/l respectively.
Fluoride concentration ranged from 0.4-0.9 mg/l and is found to be within the
permissible limits. The maximum value was observed in post-monsoon season
and minimum value was observed in pre-monsoon season.
Similarly, nitrates are also found to be ranging in between 3.59-10.3 mg/l. The
maximum value was observed in post-monsoon season and minimum value was
observed in pre-monsoon season.
Iron concentrations in ground water varied from 0.01-0.39 mg/l. The maximum
value was observed in post-monsoon season. And minimum values was also
observed in post monsoon season
The total coliform counts are absent in all the samples against the standard limit
of 10 MPN/100 ml.
20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise
according to the response of a human ear.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:
The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in
residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and
The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which
determines the loudness and period of exposure.
The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise
Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The
environmental impact assessment of noise due to construction activity, and
vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like
potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, annoyance and general
community responses. Noise monitoring was undertaken for 24 hrs duration at
each identified location.
Noise levels were measured using integrated sound level meter manufactured by
Quest Technologies, USA (Model No.2900). The integrating sound level meter is
an integrating/ logging type with Octave filter attachment (model OB-100) with
frequency range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. This instrument is capable of measuring the
Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Leq and octave band frequency analysis.
FIGURE-3.8.1
NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
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TABLE-3.8.1
DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The
readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been
monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the
locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area.
For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to
describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated
using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval.
The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:
(L10 - L90)2
Leq = L50 + ------------
60
Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during
day (6 am to 10 pm).
Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during
night (10 pm to 6 am).
A noise rating developed by E.P.A for specification of community noise from all the
sources is the Day-Night Sound Level, (Ldn).
This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night
when people usually sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during
the day time.
The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq's,
by the following equation.
Ldn = 10 log {1/24[16(10 Ld/10) + 8 (10(Ln+10)/10)]}
Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln
is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).
3.8.3 Presentation of Results
The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at fifteen locations for
once during study period of one year (covering all four seasons). The parameters
are analyzed for Lday, Lnight, and Ldn. These results are tabulated in Table-3.8.2.
Station Location Zone Limit in L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn
Code dB(A) Leq
Day Night
N1 ML Area near 75 70 42.2 38.5 34.9 39.4 40.0 36.8 43.8
Industrial
Chattasemal
N2 Karhima Residential 55 45 44.2 40.3 36.5 41.3 42.2 38.6 45.7
N3 Sasang Silence 50 40 43.2 39.4 35.9 40.3 40.9 37.9 44.9
N4 Rampur Residential 55 45 44.2 40.6 36.9 41.5 42.0 39.0 46.0
N5 Near Renchi PF Residential 55 45 43.2 39.3 35.5 40.3 41.3 37.4 44.6
N6 Rakhantoli Residential 55 45 45.2 41.5 37.9 42.4 42.9 40.0 47.0
N7 Jagaldaga nearby 50 40 46.8 43.2 39.5 44.1 44.6 41.5 48.5
Silence
Sikni mines
N8 Latdag Near PF Silence 50 40 45.0 41.2 37.7 42.1 43.0 39.8 46.8
N9 Jalim Kalan Residential 55 45 44.9 41.2 37.6 42.1 42.7 39.5 46.5
N10 Muka Residential 55 45 46.1 42.2 38.4 43.2 44.1 40.5 47.6
N11 Simri Residential 55 45 43.2 39.4 35.9 40.3 40.9 37.9 44.9
N12 Serak Residential 55 45 45.9 42.3 38.6 43.2 43.7 40.7 47.7
N13 Obar Residential 55 45 44.5 40.6 36.8 41.6 42.6 38.7 45.9
N14 Udayapura Residential 55 45 42.1 38.4 34.8 39.3 39.8 36.9 43.9
N15 Pakrar Silence 50 40 40.0 36.4 32.7 37.3 37.8 34.7 41.7
3.8.4 Observations
Winter Season
Industrial Area
The day time noise levels were ranging in between 37.8 dB (A) to 44.6 dB (A). The
maximum value 44.6 dB (A) was recorded at Jagaldaga (N7) and the minimum
value 37.8 dB (A) was recorded at Parkar (N15).
The night time noise levels were ranging in between 34.7 dB (A) to 41.5 dB (A).
The maximum value 41.5 dB (A) was recorded at Jagaldaga (N7) and the minimum
value 34.7 dB (A) was recorded at Parkar (N15). The maximum noise levels at
Jagaldaga has exceeded the Noise Level Standards i.e 40 dB(A) may be due to
operation of Sikni mines & local cultural activities.
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The interpretation analyzed for Lday, Lnight (covering all four seasons) is given in
Table-3.8.3. The measured noise levels and its interpretation is detailed in
Annexure-XVII.
TABLE-3.8.3(A)
NOISE LEVELS (Lday) IN THE STUDY AREA IN dB (A) (COVERING FOUR SEASONS)
Station Location Zone Limit in Winter Pre-Monsoon Monsoon Post- Min Max
Code dB(A) Leq Monsoon
Lday Lday Lday Lday Lday Lday
Day Night
N1 ML Area near Industrial 75 70 40.0 41.4 40.4 42.9 40 42.9
Chattasemal
N2 Karhima Residential 55 45 42.2 43.6 50.4 50.9 42.2 50.9
N3 Sasang Silence 50 40 40.9 42.2 43.8 46.0 40.9 46
N4 Rampur Residential 55 45 42.0 44.4 46.4 48.7 42 48.7
N5 Near Renchi PF Residential 55 45 41.3 42.7 40.8 47.5 40.8 47.5
N6 Rakhantoli Residential 55 45 42.9 45.4 44.4 49.3 42.9 49.3
N7 Jagaldaga Silence 50 40 44.6 45.7 43.0 43.1 43 45.7
nearby Sikni
mines
N8 Latdag Near PF Silence 50 40 43.0 43.6 42.6 44.6 42.6 44.6
N9 Jalim Kalan Residential 55 45 42.7 44.1 45.4 46.0 42.7 46
N10 Muka Residential 55 45 44.1 45.3 41.4 46.9 41.4 46.9
N11 Simri Residential 55 45 40.9 42.8 42.4 47.3 40.9 47.3
N12 Serak Residential 55 45 43.7 45.6 47.9 49.4 43.7 49.4
N13 Obar Residential 55 45 42.6 44.3 51.1 52.1 42.6 52.1
N14 Udayapura Residential 55 45 39.8 42.3 46.9 48.5 39.8 48.5
N15 Pakrar Silence 50 40 37.8 41.2 46.0 45.7 37.8 46
TABLE-3.8.3(A)
NOISE LEVELS (Lnight) IN THE STUDY AREA IN dB (A) (COVERING FOUR SEASONS)
Station Location Zone Limit in Winter Pre-Monsoon Monsoon Post- Min Max
Code dB(A) Leq Monsoon
Lnight Lnight Lnight Lnight Lnight Lnight
Day Night
N1 ML Area near 75 70 36.8 32.5
Industrial 31.5 39.7 31.5 39.7
Chattasemal
N2 Karhima Residential 55 45 38.6 34.7 41.5 47.7 34.7 47.7
N3 Sasang Silence 50 40 37.9 32.8 34.4 42.8 32.8 42.8
N4 Rampur Residential 55 45 39.0 35.5 37.5 45.5 35.5 45.5
N5 Near Renchi PF Residential 55 45 37.4 33.3 31.4 44.3 31.4 44.3
N6 Rakhantoli Residential 55 45 40.0 36.5 35.5 46.1 35.5 46.1
N7 Jagaldaga nearby 50 40 41.5 36.8
Silence 34.1 39.9 34.1 41.5
Sikni mines
N8 Latdag Near PF Silence 50 40 39.8 34.2 33.2 41.4 33.2 41.4
N9 Jalim Kalan Residential 55 45 39.5 35.2 36.5 42.8 35.2 42.8
N10 Muka Residential 55 45 40.5 36.4 32.0 43.7 32.0 43.7
N11 Simri Residential 55 45 37.9 33.4 33.0 44.1 33.0 44.1
N12 Serak Residential 55 45 40.7 36.7 44.7 46.2 36.7 46.2
N13 Obar Residential 55 45 38.7 34.9 47.5 48.9 34.9 48.9
N14 Udayapura Residential 55 45 36.9 33.4 43.9 45.3 33.4 45.3
N15 Pakrar Silence 50 40 34.7 32.3 43.0 42.5 32.3 43.0
The day time noise levels were ranging in between 40.0 dB (A) to 50.9 dB (A). The
maximum value 50.9 dB (A) (Post-Monsson Season) was recorded at Karihma (N2)
and the minimum value 40.0 dB (A) (Winter Season) was recorded at ML Area near
Chattasemal (N1).
The night time noise levels were ranging in between 31.4 dB (A) to 48.9 dB (A).
The maximum value 48.9 dB (A) (in Post-Monsson season) was recorded at Obar
(N13) and the minimum value 31.4 dB (A) (Monsoon season) was recorded at Near
Renchi PF (N5).
3.9.1 Introduction
Banhardih coal block located in Auranga coal field in Latehar district of Jharkhand
State. It has been allocated to M/s. Patratu Vidyut Utapdan Nigam Limited
(PVUNL), a subsidiary of NTPC and Government of Jharkhand. This block is
allotted for captive mining for supply of coal to their M/s. Patratu Super Thermal
Power Project (PSTPP) by Ministry of Coal, Government of India. Total mine lease
area is 1818.10 ha and the peak annual production is 12MTPA. The mine lease
area of 1818.10 ha is located in villages Ate, Banhardih, Bari, Barwadih,
Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, Tota and Renchi in Latehar & Chandwa tehsil,
Latehar district in Jharkhand state
The general topography of the block characterizes with rolling terrain with low
ridges and depressions. Around 25 % of the block is covered with Protected Forest
located in the western part. Partly the villages like Udaypura, Jagaldagga.
Banhardih and Sabanu are falling within the forest area. Rest of the area within
the block is covered with cultivated land and villages. There is operating coal mine
i.e Sikni Colliery (0.3 km, South) from the proposed mine & there are also brick
industries in and around the mine lease.
Pre-mining land use and land cover data reveals that about 40.69 % of the total
land involved is non-forest agriculture land; 27.31 % are water bodies including
ponds, tanks, streams and drains; and about 32 % is protected forests. A total
581.61 ha of forest land is involved in the project site. Application for diversion of
549.48 ha of forest land for non-forest use had been submitted.
There are no eco-sensitive areas such as the National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries
or Biosphere Reserves, tiger or elephant corridors or Ramsar Wetlands or
Important bird areas (IBAs) or Nature heritage sites within the mine lease area or
its buffer zone of 10 km radius.
Divisional Forest Officer (DFO), Latehar vide letter dated 09.06.2021 has certified
that mine does not fall under corridors of any National Park and Wildlife
Sanctuary. (A copy of letter is attached as Annexure-XIII).
Detailed study of flora and fauna has been conducted by Dr. Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee University, Ranchi. Details of study and duly authenticated separately
for the core and buffer zones and a statement clearly specifying that study area
does not form a part of the Migratory Corridor/National Parks/ Wildlife
Sanctuaries or Biosphere Reserves, Tiger or Elephant Corridors or Ramsar
Wetlands or Important Bird Areas (IBAs) is given in Annexure- VIII (A).
Forest vegetation within the mine lease: There are open and poor quality to
moderately dense Sal (Shorea robusta) forests in about 32% of the total mine
lease area. As shown in Figure-3.9.1, the Sal trees in the protected forests that
are proposed for mining are not suitable for timber. All openings in the forests are
occupied by invasive shrubs of Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata, Acacia
catechue, Butea monosperma and Diospyros melanoxylon. Though most of the
grasses have dried up, still they can be easily identified. Heteropogon contortus,
Dichanthium annulatum, Chrysopogon fulvus, Cymbpogon colorants are the
prominent grasses.
FIGURE-3.9.1
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF THE FOREST THAT IS PROPOSED FOR DIVERSION
FOR MINING ACTIVITY
FIGURE-3.9.2
REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES OF THE NON-FOREST
AREA WITHIN THE MINE LEASE
About 40 % of the total mine lease is under cultivation. Relatively large trees of
Mahua (Madhuca longifolia var latifolia) were found scattered in the entire
cultivated area. There are about 350 to 400 of them in the mine lease. There are
no orchards except one hectare plot of Mango (Mangifera indica), which was
planted during the rainy season of 2020. There are no plantations except isolated
Mango, Jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia), Ber (Ziziphus jujuba), Bel or bael (Aegle
marmelos), Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) and Jamun (Syzygium cumini). However,
Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) is widely scattered in the entire cultivated area.
Landscape, land use and land cover types of the non-forest area within the mine
lease is shown in Figure-3.9.3. The ecological sampling locations are given in
Figure-3.9.3 & given in Table-3.9.1.
TABLE-3.9.1
LIST OF ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Other prominent trees in the cultivated region in the mine lease are: Butea
monosperma, Diospyros melanoxylon, Phoenix sylvestris, Borassus flabellifer,
Vitex trifolia, Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini. There were no endemic or
endangered or threatened flora in the proposed mine lease area. During the
kharif season (Rainy season) Paddy was grown in most areas. But during the Rabi
season (Winter season), Wheat and Mustard are mainly cultivated. Red gram
grown during the rainy season crop is not ready for harvest. Other minor crops
which are grown in small plots occasionally are the Onion, Tomato, Potato and
Brinjal.
Primary survey of flora and fauna of the core area and the buffer zone was
carried out during February, 2021. During the survey, every large patch of
vegetation was carefully surveyed since they are the potential habitats for wildlife
and wild flora.
A list of all plants except the crop plants found in the mine lease area is given in
Table-3.9.2.
FIGURE-3.9.3
ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
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TABLE-3.9.2
LIST OF TREES, WOODY CLIMBERS AND SHRUBS
FOUND IN THE MINE LEASE AREA
From the point of fauna of the mine lease area and its surroundings, there is very
little reliable published or documented information. Hence, photos of all the
Schedule-I species that are likely to occur in the area were shown to the local
teachers and the cattle grazers to know whether they had seen them at any point
of time. According to the information given to the survey team, there were no
Elephants or tigers or leopards or wolves or sloth bears or blackbucks or Peacocks
or Common monitor lizard or Python in the area. Even Rhesus macaque and
Common langur are very rare. There was no problem with wild pigs. Other than
common rodents, reptiles and amphibians, there was nothing special about the
fauna of the mine lease. No Schedule-I species were found in the mine lease
area. A list of mammals, reptiles and amphibians either spotted or reported from
the mine lease area (core area) is given in Table-3.9.3.
In spite of forests and wild habitats, the area is not known for any rare birds.
Crows, minas and Sparrows were more common. Other species of birds were
relatively rare in the study area. There were a few predominantly aquatic birds.
eBird India Reported over 342 bird Species from Jharkhand State. But the area
under consideration is poor in any faunal diversity. A list of birds reported from
the M.L area is given in Table-3.9.4.
TABLE-3.9.3
LIST OF MAMMALS, REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS EITHER SPOTTED OR
REPORTED FROM THE MINE LEASE AREA (CORE ZONE)
TABLE-3.9.4
LIST OF BIRDS SPOTTED FROM THE MINE LEASE AREA (CORE ZONE) DURING
THE PRIMARY SURVEY
The Bagdagga nala and Rajdaha nala and their tributaries form the main drainage
system of the sector. The courses of nalas have been developed into cultivated
lands and some gully head bandhs have been constructed across the nalas for
storage of water for irrigation. A canal passes across the area from north to south
at the Centre and parallel to main connecting road passes through Surli, Huchlu
and Bari villages. Due to undulating nature of the land, a number of natural
ponds have been formed and these ponds are aligned in a definite line indicating
a possible presence of fault.
A list of aquatic and semiaquatic macrophytes found in the ponds, tanks and
streams within the mine lease area is given in Table-3.9.5. Among them,
Aponogeton natans and Potamogeton crispus very common and most widespread.
But the most notorious aquatic invasive species, Eichhornia crassipes was very
rare and it was found only in one place. However, Typha angustifolia was very
common.
TABLE-3.9.5
LIST OF AQUATIC/SEMI-AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOUND IN THE LOTIC AND
LENTIC WETLANDS OF THE MINE LEASE AREA
None was seen fishing either in the ponds or tanks or the pools of water in the
stream. Pond water in some ponds was very clear. When examined for a long
time from the surface, only common, mainly introduced species were observed.
Photos of the tank and river fishes were shown to the locals to find out whether
such fishes were there in the ponds or tanks. Based on the visual examination
and the information given by the locals, a list of fishes which are most likely to be
found in the water bodies of the mine lease area (core zone) is presented in
Table-3.9.6.
TABLE-3.9.6
LIST OF FISHES EITHER NOTICED OR SAID TO HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED INTO
THE PONDS AND TANKS OF MINE LEASE AREA (CORE ZONE)
In spite of dense forests, the area is not famous for any rare birds. Crows, minas
and Sparrows were more common. Other species of birds were relatively rare in
the study area. There were no predominantly aquatic birds. eBird India Reported
over 342 bird Species from Jharkhand State. According to their findings, Ranchi
district is rich in Avian diversity. A list of birds reported from the Mine Lease area
is given in Table-3.9.7.
TABLE-3.9.7
LIST OF BIRDS SPOTTED FROM THE MINE LESE AREA
DURING THE PRIMARY SURVEY
Protected Forests (PF) and Reserved Forests (RF) are the two kinds of forests
present in the study area. A total of 61 PFs and RFs were found within a radius of
15 km in and around the mine lease. Whether they are PFs or RFs, they come
under the Northern Tropical Deciduous category of Champion and Seth. PFs are
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There are also dense mixed scrub forests extensively colonized by Lantana
camara, Chromolaena odorata.and Diospyors melanoxylon. There are also poor
quality open to moderately closed Sal Forests. Compared with the Sal trees in
the neighbourhood, the Sal trees in the study area are stunted and the girth or
DBH and height is much lower. All openings in the reserved forests were
extensively covered by the invasive shrubs of Lantana camara or Chromolaena
odorata or both; Clerodendrum infortunatum or Anisomeles indica. Perennial
grasses like Chysopogon fulvus, Heteropogon contortus, Cymbopogon coloratus,
Dichanthium annulatum were the dominant grasses. A list of Protected (PFs)
and reserved forests (RFs) found in the mine lease and the surrounding areas up
to 15 km is given in Table-3.9.8.
According to the classification of Champion and Seth (1968) the RFs in the study
area come under the Northern Tropical dry deciduous forests. There is large
variation in the vegetation and flora of the reserve forests. They range from open
scrub jungles; fairly dense thorn forests; scrub jungles mixed with scattered
trees, Sal forests and Sal mixed forests.
2. Miscellaneous Forests
These dry deciduous miscellaneous are restricted to some dry areas of the forests.
The trees are stunted and twisted unlike the columnar growth of trees in Sal Mixed
forests. Trees in upper storey are: Terminalia tomentosa, Anogeissus latifolia,
Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, Haldina cordifolia, Madhuca longifolia,
Hymenodictylon excelsum, Cassia fistula, Protium serratum, Lagerstromia prviflora,
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Sterculia urens, Albizia chinensis, Buchanania latifolia, Aegle marmelos: The lower
layer is represented mainly by Butea monosperma and Diospyros melanoxylon.
Lantana camara is the common shrub.
In terms of canopy cover, they vary from open to dense scrub with or without
trees. Invasive shrubs of Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata have
extensively covered all open spaces. There are also other invasive species such as
the Aniosmeles indica, Hyptis suaveolens, Coolebrokea oppositifolia,
Clerodendrum phlomidis but restricted to some areas. Carissa spinarum, Carissa
carandas, Woodfordia fruticosa, Mimosa rubicaulis, Acacia catechu, Ziziphus
nummularia are other common species. They display strongly xeromorphic
characteristics. Representative pictures of the degraded forests are shown in
Figure- 3.9.4, Figure-3.9.5 and Figure-3.9.6.
FIGURE-3.9.4
VEGETATION AND DOMINANT SPECIES OF THE DEGRADED FORESTS
FIGURE-3.9.5
SOME OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES WHICH HAVE BECOME DOMINANT IN SOME AREAS
FIGURE-3.9.6
OPEN FOREST WITH AGAVE SISALANA (ON THE LEFT) MIXED SCRUB WITH SCATTERED TREES AND
AGAVE SISALANA (IN THE MIDDLE) AND TYPICAL THORN FOREST ON THE RIGHT
Around the mine lease within a radius of 15 km, a total of 61 blocks of protected
forests as shown in Table-3.9.8 were present. They are essentially plantation
gown in degraded forests. Most of the PFs are Sal Plantations. There are also
Agave sisalana, Eucalyptus, Simarouba glauca, Cassia siamea, Anogeissus
latifolia, Bamboo (Dendrocalamus stictus), Dalbergia sissoo and Terminalia
alata.
TABLE-3.9.8
LIST OF PROTECTED (PF) AND RESERVED FORESTS (RF) FOUND IN THE MINE
LEASE AND THE AREA AROUND MINE LEASE UP TO 15 KM
Sr. No Name of Protected (PF) and Reserved (RF) Direction w.r.t Distance
Present Around the Mine Lease in 15 Km Mine Lease in km
radius
1 Banhardih P.F (Within Mine lease area) North 0.0
2 Sabanu P.F (Within Mine lease area) Northwest 0.0
3 Udayapura PF (Within Mine lease area West 0.0
4 Surli P.F Northeast 0.2
5 Renchi P.F North 0.4
6 Serak P.F East 0.6
7 Aragundi P.F Northwest 1.2
8 Jadiang P.F North 1.8
9 Amwatikar R.F West 2.4
10 Latdag P.F Southeast 3.5
11 Holang P.F Northeast 3.8
12 Rajbar P.F North Northeast 3.8
13 Obar P.F Northwest 3.9
14 Gurtur P.F North Northeast 4.0
15 Khariya P.F South 4.4
16 Mangra P.F North Northwest 4.6
17 Masiatu P.F North Northeast 5.2
18 Bishrampur P.F Northwest 5.3
19 Nagar P.F (5.4 km East 5.4
20 Nindra P.F East 5.9
21 Lachipur P.F Northeast 6.1
22 Kuriam P.F North Northeast 6.2
23 Tudu P.F Southeast 6.3
24 Arahara P.F North 7.0
25 Richuguta R.F South Southwest 7.0
26 Tubed P.F North Northwest 7.3
27 Erud P.F Northeast 7.5
28 Sugni P.F South 7.6
29 Hisri P.F Southeast 7.9
30 Dihi P.F North 8.0
31 Peshrar R. F South Southwest 8.6
32 Balu P.F North 8.7
33 Bhang P.F Northeast 8.7
34 Lawadag R.F South 8.8
35 Jawar P.F North 9.0
36 Jalta P.F West 9.4
37 Hundi P.F North 9.6
38 Bhusah P.F East Southeast 9.9
39 Sohdag P.F North Northwest 10.4
40 Jani P.F North 10.5
41 Chakla P.F East 10.8
Sr. No Name of Protected (PF) and Reserved (RF) Direction w.r.t Distance
Present Around the Mine Lease in 15 Km Mine Lease in km
radius
42 Pakri P.F Northeast 10.9
43 Semar Sot P.F Northeast 10.9
44 Chaea P.F North 11.5
45 Diridag P.F Northeast 11.5
46 Mahuamilan P.F South 11.9
47 Bhargaon P.F North Northwest 12.0
48 Partu P.F Southwest 12.0
49 Lata P.F North 12.2
50 Manha P.F South Southwest 12.3
51 Chetang P.F Northeast 12.4
52 Ghutam North Northeast 12.5
53 Salaiya R.F South 12.6
54 Serka P.F North Northeast 12.8
55 Patki R.F West 13.1
56 Lawagara P.F North Northwest 13.2
57 Bidir P.F North 13.7
58 Kodag P.F West 13.7
59 Kerar P.F Southwest 14.0
60 Chiru P.F North 14.4
61 Jer P.F West 14.5
FIGURE-3.9.7
VEGETATION OF PROTECTED FORESTS IN THE STUDY AREA
A list of trees, shrubs, perennial climbers, grasses and herbs found in the buffer
zone of the study area during the period of survey is given in Table-3.9.9.
TABLE-3.9.9
LIST OF TREES, SHRUBS, PERENNIAL CLIMBERS, GRASSES
AND HERBS FOUND IN THE BUFFER ZONE OF THE STUDY AREA
There is no site-specific reliable information about the fauna of the buffer zone.
The information relating to the neighbouring Palamau Tiger Reserve (PTR) is not
applicable to the project site as the site conditions and habitat are different.
During the survey colour photos of the schedule I species that are most likely to
occur in the area were shown to the local school teachers and cattle grazers to
find out whether there were any such fauna in the area. The 2017, Site Specific
Wildlife Management Plan of North Koel Reservoir Project (Mandal Dam) District-
Latehar, Garhwa Jharkhand was of also consulted besides the data bases. Based
on the primary survey and secondary data including the information given by
local villagers, a list of vertebrates which are most likely to occur in the study
area was prepared and presented as Table-3.9.10. In spite dense forests, the
area is not famous for any rare birds. Crows, mynas and Sparrows were more
common. Other species of birds were relatively rare in the study area. There were
some predominantly aquatic birds. eBird India Reported over 342 bird Species
from Jharkhand State. A list of birds either spotted or reported from the buffer
zone is given in Table-3.9.11.
TABLE-3.9.10
LIST OF VERTEBRATES EITHER SPOTTED OR REPORTED FROM THE BUFFER
ZONE OF THE PROJECT SITE
TABLE-3.9.11
LIST OF BIRDS REPORTED FROM THE BUFFER ZONE OF
THE MINE LEASE AREA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
The area under consideration is not a suitable habitat for any aquatic flora and
fauna. There are only seasonal streams, storm water drains and ponds or tanks.
But one of the tanks located near Latdag is located at a higher level and at the
foot of the hills. The tanks are very deep and it serves as a perennial source of
water and water (including groundwater) is discharged from the tank for
agriculture. One of the streams that is fed by this tank is claimed to be a
perennial but it is fed by the flow of ground water from this tank. A list of rivulets,
streams and nalas found in the buffer study area is given in Table-3.9.12. There
are no tanks or wetlands except paddy fields. Bush morning glory (Ipomoea
carnea) is widely found in all wet places including the river and river banks.
With regard to the fish fauna of the study area, there is no reliable secondary
data. Local people are not interested in fishing. They are engaged in better
activities such as coal mining from eroded areas and the coal is sold in Latehar.
None was seen fishing either in the ponds or tanks or the pools of water in the
streams. Water in some ponds was very clear. When examined for a long time
from the surface, only common, mainly introduced species were observed. Photos
of the tank and river fishes were shown to the locals to find out whether such
fishes were there in the ponds or tanks. Based on the visual examination and the
information given by the locals, a list of fishes which are most likely to be found
TABLE-3.9.12
LIST OF FISHES FOUND IN THE STUDY AREA INCLUDING
THOSE FOUND IN THE CORE AREA
Name of the River or Stream or Nala Direction w.r.t Mine Distance from the
Lease Core Area (km)
Bagdagga nala (Within Mine lease area) South 0.0
Rajdaha nala (Within Mine lease area) West 0.0
Ghaghari nadi South 1.6
River Auranga Southwest 1.8
Sukri River North 3.8
Gowa nala Southwest 3.9
Bhubuk nala Northwest 7.0
Ekchatia nala North 7.1
Deonad nadi Southeast 9.2
Tatta nala North Northwest 9.6
TABLE-3.9.13
LIST OF AQUATIC /SEMI-AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOUND IN THE LOTIC AND
LENTIC WETLANDS OF THE STUDY AREA
FIGURE-3.9.8
AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOUND IN THE STREAMS OF THE BUFFER ZONE
TABLE-3.9.14
LIST OF FISHES INCLUDING SHELL FISH EITHER OBSERVED DURING THE
SURVEY OR SAID TO HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THE PONDS AND TANKS
List includes all the cultured and introduced fishes. None of the fishes listed below is included in
Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act
Scientific Name Common Name Family IUCN
FISHES
Anguilla bengalensis River Eel Anguillidae LC
Catla catla Catla Cyprinidae LC
Channa garucha Dwarf Snakehead Channidae LC
Channa striata Snakehead murrel Channidae LC
Cirrhinus reba Reba Carp Cyprinidae LC
Cirrihinus mrigala Mrigal Cyprinidae LC
Clarias batrachus Magur Clariidae LC
Ctenopharyngodon idella Grass Carp Cyprinidae NE
List includes all the cultured and introduced fishes. None of the fishes listed below is included in
Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act
Labeo bata Bata carp Cyprinidae LC
Labeo calbasu Calbasu Cyprinidae LC
Labeo rohita Rohu Cyprinidae LC
Mystus tengara Tengra Bagridae LC
Oreochromis mossambicus Mozambique Tilapia Cichlidae LC
Oreochromis niloticus Nile Tilapia Cichlidae LC
PRAWNS
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii Monsoon River Prawn Palaemonidae LC
Macrobrachium idella Slender River Prawn Palaemonidae LC
The mine lease area or its buffer zone are not ecologically sensitive. Sal is the
dominant forest tree. Sisal hemp is cultivated in degraded forest areas. Mahua is
the most widely cultivated tree in rural areas. Mango and Ber are the main fruit
trees. There were no threatened plant species either in the core area or buffer
zone. Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Peacock (Pavo cristatus), Python (Python
molurus) and Common monitor (Varanus bengalensis) are the four schedule I
fauna reported from the forests of the buffer zone. Honey combs were very
abundant in the forest and non-forest including residential areas in the study area
which are said to sustain Sloth bears.
There are no eco-sensitive areas such as the Biosphere Reserves, National Parks,
Wildlife Sanctuaries, Ramsar Wetlands, Important Bird Areas (IBAs) or Nature
Heritage sites within 10 km from the project site. There are no Tiger or Elephant
corridors within the 10 km radius. Detailed Wild Life Conservation Plan is given in
Annexure-VIII (B). An application to DFO, Latehar has been applied on
18.04.2022(Attached as Annexure-VIII(C)).
1. With the help of local people and employees of the company watch will be keep
on the wild life as sell as illegal tree felling Forest and forest department will be
informed if such a incident occurs to take legal action against the off enders if
necessary help of forest department will be taken to see by any such stranded
animals, particularly sloth bear if it is strays to the Railway Line area to a safer
area. Fruit trees, like Mahua (madhucalati folia) and Jamun (syzygiumcumini)
etc will be planted for sloth bear;
3. Encourage local villages to grow trees on their field bunds/court yard etc: In
consultation with forest department, the company will provide some saplings of
tree species important for wood, timber and fuel will be distributed to the
Villagers. Bamboo will be another important species with environmental &
economic value. this no doubt, will help reduce Dependence on Forest, as a
result the ecological condition of the area will improve and they will be
attracted to this area; and
4. For the benefit of sloth bear: Any bear is either stranded in danger, with the
help of Forest Department will be translocated to a place, that the department
will chose. The local people of the area with the financial help from the
company will be taught how to deal with the beer so as to avoid the danger to
each other. Company will provide the necessary financial support to the Forest
deptt for training programme.
Conservation Plan for Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)
1. Encourage afforestation activities in consultation with forest department.
The selection of plant species should be in consultation with local forest
department based on requirements of avifauna roosting, food (Grains,
Pulses, fruiting trees etc.) and shelter.
2. Small Grove of Trees (a group of trees that grow close together, generally
without many bushes or other plants) will be planted in habituated areas
of villages and school compounds located in buffer area in consultation
with local forest department. Groves are small patches of vegetation will
be protected in traditional manner.
3. Organize seminar, conferences, nature club, poster presentation at school
and Gram Panchayat level around the bird habitation area. Local
population will be made aware to do not kill birds for meat, feathers.
4. Train the staff & laborers involved in project activities and make them
aware of sensitive avifauna status as National Bird of India, and Schedule-
I species protected under Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and related
knowledge.
5. Wildlife Signage containing information about environment, wildlife, forest
conservation, about wildlife animals along with photographs will be
displayed in core and buffer areas to create awareness among the local
people.
6. Wildlife Environment Day and Wildlife Week (1st to 7th Oct) will be
celebrated together with forest department and involving local population
to create awareness among the people for the conservation of peafowl
avifauna species.
Conservation of Monitor Lizard (Varanus bengalensis)
1. Awareness among the local peoples for its conservation is prime important as
mostely the lizards are being hunted for Meat, skin and medicine.
2. Illegal trade to meet the demand for skin, and consumption of monitor lizard
meat is a current challenge and therefore consumer-centric awareness
campaigns will be crucial.
3. The ongoing demand for Hatha Jodi and the myths and misconceptions
associated with its use clearly highlight the need to develop a robust
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Roles and Responsibilities of the Project Proponent (PP) and State Forest and
Wildlife Department (SF&WD) in Conservation of Schedule-I Species is shown in
Table-3.9.15.
TABLE-3.9.15
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT (PP) AND
STATE FOREST AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT (SF&WD) IN
CONSERVATION OF SCHEDULE I SPECIES
The responsibilities and role of User Agency or Project Proponent and the State
Forest and Wildlife Department (SF and WD) in case of conservation of Schedule I
species are under the legal jurisdiction, which is given below along with the
budget for first one years. The conservation plan shall be revised in consultation
with state forest and wild life department.
Work to be executed by the User Agency or Project Proponent and the State
Forest and Wildlife Department for wildlife conservation in the core and buffer
area are included in following Table-3.9.16.
TABLE-3.9.16
WORK TO BE EXECUTED BY THE USER AGENCY & THE STATE FOREST AND
WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT
The socio-economic data forms the basis for developing a suitable Corporate
Social Responsibility/ Corporate Environment Responsibilty/ Community
Development (CSR/ CER/CD) plan to address the needs of the population.
M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd has also conducted socio economic survey based on the
Census 2011 & group discussions.
The village wise demographic data of 153 locations belongs to Chandwa, Latehar,
Balumath and Herhanj tehsils of Latehar district and Kisko tehsil of Lohardaga
district. 10 wards belong to Latehar Nagar Panchayat of Latehar district and 01
urban location belong to Alaudia area as per 2011 census are falling in proposed
coal mining project study area, as per the 2011 village and ward wise population
census is presented in Annexure-IX. The salient features of the demographic
and socio-economic conditions are analyzed and described in the following
sections.
3.10.3 Demography
Distribution of Population
As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 1,64,163 persons inhabited in
study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table-
3.10.1.
TABLE-3.10.1
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
15 Child sex ratio (No of female children per 1000 male 964 963 949 956
children)
16 Sex ratio (No females per 1000 males) 991 989 958 975
17 Density 270 330 284 297
Source: Census of India 2011
The study area has a household size of 5.44 as per 2011 census.
Population Density
The density of population reveals that the study area has an overall density of
297 persons per km2 (PP km2) as per 2011 census reports.
Out of 1,64,163 total population of the study area 83.45 % (1,36,998) in rural
and 16.55 % (27165) in urban areas are residing as per 2011 census records.
The Latehar district proportion is 99.00 %, Lohardaga District proportion is 1.00
% and as per the 2011 census records. The consolidated rural, urban and district
wise proportion of population details are presented in Table-3.10.2.
TABLE-3.10.2
RURAL URBAN AND DISTRICT WISE POPULATION OF PROPORTION
Sex Ratio
The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about
50.72 % and females to 49.28 % of the total population as per 2011 census
records. The study area on an average has 975 females per 1000 males as per
2011 census reports. However, the sex ratio is being increased as against with
2001 (955) census records. In comparison to the Latehar district sex ratio,
(Latehar district 967) the study area has recorded better sex ratio. Even though
the sex ratio is better in the study area, the sex ratio in the study area directly
and indirectly reveals certain geographical and sociological aspects in relation to
male population.
The study area child sex ratio is 956 female children for 1000 male children in the
study area. In comparison to the adult sex ratio, the child sex ratio is lessor in
the study area. Several reasons are attributed to the declining in the number of
girls, neglect of the girl child, high maternal mortality and female infanticide.
Some of the reasons for neglect of girl child and low child sex ratio are
particularly son preference and the belief that, it is only the son who can perform
the last rites, that lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, sons will
look after parents in old age, men are the bread winners etc. Exorbitant dowry
demand is another reason for female foeticide/infanticide.
There are multiple factors behind the trend of declining sex ratio. Sex
selection and medical technology is misused in India for detecting the sex of
unborn child and ultimately for the) sex selection, Female fetuses, thus
identified and aborted;
Many studies have shown that Pre Natal Sex Determination is the main reason
of low sex ratio in India followed by abortion of female fetuses. Besides the
misuse of the technology, the patriarchal societies in many parts of India have
translated their prejudice and bigotry into a compulsive preference for boys
and discriminations against the girl child; and
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As per 2011 census, there is 20.96% Scheduled Castes (SC) population and
37.62% of population belongs to Scheduled Tribes (ST) in the study area.
The proportion of study area SC population is lesser than the Latehar district
SC population (Latehar SC Proportion of population is 21.3 1%). The
proportion of study area ST population is lesser than the Latehar district ST
population (Latehar ST Proportion of population is 45.54%) The overall data
of social stratification reveals that the SC and ST % to total population is
more than 58% in the study area. However, still these SC and ST
communities are marginalized in socio-economic issues and they are at
considered at low level of social strata and calls for a special attention in
Social Impact Management Plan for improving their socio-economic status
apart from preservation and protection of their art, culture and traditional
rights of livelihood. The distribution of population by social structure is shown
in Table-3.10.3.
TABLE-3.10.3
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Tribes of Jharkhand Among all States and UTs, Jharkhand holds the 6th rank in
terms of Scheduled Tribe (ST) population. It has around thirty-two Tribal Groups,
major among them being Santhal, Munda, Oraon and Ho. Eight out of the
thirty-two tribes of Jharkhand fall under Primitive Tribal Group (PTG).
They are Asur, Birhor, Birajia, Korwa, Savar, Pahariya (Baiga), Mal
Pahariya and Souriya Pahariya. PTGs remain the most isolated and
disadvantaged indigenous tribal groups with noticeable reduction in their
population. Malnutrition, Malaria and dysentery are rampant in PTGs villages and
the access of these communities to the social welfare programs remains limited.
The tribals normally live in contiguous areas unlike other communities. Their lives
are closely associated with the nature as they take out their livelihoods from the
natural environ – streams, trees, plants, animals etc. It is, therefore, recognized
that maintaining their identities would invariably mean keeping their environment
intact with them. Given the contiguous inhabitations, it also becomes simpler to
have an area approach for development activities and also regulatory provisions
to protect their interests. In order to protect the interests of the Scheduled
tribes, the provision of “Fifth Schedule” is enshrined in the Constitution under
article 244 (2).
The Fifth Schedule under article 244 (2) of the Constitution defines "Scheduled
Areas" as such areas as the President may by order declare to be Scheduled
Areas after consultation with the governor of that State. The criteria for declaring
any area as a "Scheduled Area" under the Fifth Schedule are:
Out of 259 blocks in the state of Jharkhand, 111 fall under the Fifth Schedule
areas (spread across 15 districts out of 24 districts)
13. Sahebganj, Borio, Taljhari, Rajmahal, Barharwa, Pathna and Barhet blocks
in Sahebganj district.
14. Littipara, Amrapara, Hiranpur, Pakur, Maheshpur, and Pakuria blocks in
Pakur district.
15. Boarijore and Sunderpahari blocks in Godda district.
The scheduled areas of Jharkhand have been specified by the Scheduled areas
(States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh) Order, 2003
(Constitution Order, 192) dated 20.2.2003 after rescinding the order dated
31.12.1977 so far as that related to the state of Bihar.
The percentage of male literates to the total literates of the study area works out
to be 50.63 %. The percentage of female literates to the total literates, which is
an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 49.37% in the study
area as per 2011 census records.
The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of
less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The
non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired
persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other
non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.
Total work participation in the project study areas is 42.49 % and the non-
workers constitute 47.51% of the total population respectively. The work
participation of the study area is lesser than the Latehar district (43.11 %) work
participation rate. The work participation is the study area is less than the district
work participation rate, because majority of the local population is depending on
the agricultural and its allied activities only. The distribution of workers by
occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population. The
main workers to the total workers are 35.11% and the marginal workers
constitute to 64.89 % to the total workers. The occupational structure of the
study area is presented in Table-3.10.5.
TABLE-3.10.5
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
FIGURE-3.10.1 (A)
BANHARDIH COAL MINE FIELD VISIT PHOTOS
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FIGURE-3.10.1 (B)
BANARDIH COAL MINE FIELD VISIT PHOTOS
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Social interactions have been organized in 3 rd week of December, 2020 with the
project affected families of the proposed Banardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA
(Peak) in mine lease area of 1818.10 Ha of M/s. Patratu vidyut Utapadan Nigam
Limited (PVUNL) located in Ate, Banhardih Bari, Brwadih, Jagaldaga, Rampur,
Sabano, Surli, Tota, and Udaypura villages in Tehsil Lathehar and Chandwa of
Lathehar district Jharkhand. The landuse details (in Hectares) given in Table-
3.10.6.
TABLE-3.10.6
LAND ACQUSITION FOR THE COAL MINING PROJECT
As per the focus group discussions and interactions with project affected families,
the following are the opinions expressed in social interactions.
Impacts due to the Proposed Coal Mining Project at Banardih Bari, Bawardih,
Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, Tota and Renchi Villages
As per the primary observations held during the field visit and interactions with
the communities of the affected and study area. The communities expressed that
there would be some changes arise after the proposed coal mining at Banardih
Bari, Bawardih, Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, Tota, and Renchi villages. The
following are the impacts identified due to the proposed coal mining project at
affected 10 villages and project study area. The potential impacts are presented
in Table-3.10.7.
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TABLE-3.10.7
IMPACTS ON COMMUNITY DUE TO COAL MINING
Sr. Observations
No Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures
There is a direct effect to the tune of 739.89 A suitable and participatory livelihoods plan be
Hectares of agricultural lands in Banardih Bari, prepared and implemented accordingly to all
Brwadih, Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, the HSO.
1 Tota, and Renchi villages. Altogether there is It is also suggested to develop a Tribal
a 1592 HSO are affected and losing their Development Plan–TDP to protect the
agricultural lands and livelihoods. interests of the local tribes in the spirit of
PESA Act, 1996, this affected area is falling
under the Scheduled area as per the
Government of Jharkhand.
The 1592 farming communities’ identity over There is a need to introduce the community
2 these lands will affect and lead to the identity organization, so as to strengthen the
crisis to them. emotional support through qualified social
workers at the Rehabilitation centers.
All the (304) homesteads or displaced families It is suggested to have regular follow-ups with
will have to move to new location, which may the affected families, so that they may feel
lead to psychological issues to the HSO the sense of belonging to the new location.
3 especially to the aged communities.
The district has a three tier public health care system viz. village level, Block level
and District level. There are primary health centers, private clinics, government
hospitals and drug vendors that meet the basic health care needs of people in the
district. Services that are provided include disease prevention and mother and child
health care.
In the Project area most of the respondents prefer to visit the Govt. Doctor
(83.8%), 62.4% preferred to go to hospital, 17.5% preferred PHC/HSC and 7.4%
preferred others like Ojha and Village Quack.
TABLE-3.10.8
HEALTH TREATMENT OPTED BY RESIDENT HOUSEHOLDS
Immunization of Children
TABLE-3.10.9
IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN IN RESIDENT HOUSEHOLD
There are 48 differently able people among the PAFs in the project affected area
found during the field survey.
TABLE-3.10.10
VULNERABLE GROUPS AS DISABLED
The traffic studies have been conducted to know the prevailing traffic volumes on
the roads in the study area. It is essential to consider these details for assessing the
anticipated future traffic volumes as a part of overall impact assessment for the
project.
The variations of traffic densities depend upon the working days and time and also
vary in day and night times. In order to assess the prevailing traffic volumes on the
roads, the survey was conducted during normal working days of the week by
avoiding local holidays or abnormal situations to reflect the true picture of the traffic
densities. The traffic study was conducted at one location for 24 hours.
The traffic density study was conducted at NH-75 (Sasang to Jagaldaga route)
which is near from the project site.
3.11.2 Methodology
The vehicles plying in both the directions were counted continuously for 24 hours at
one location. The vehicles were counted every hour and recorded under respective
category. The maximum traffic count in an hour is termed as peak hour traffic. The
vehicles were categorized under various heads like trucks/tankers, buses, multi
axles, cars, 2/3 wheelers, cycles and bullock carts.
The engine driven vehicles were categorized into various heads viz. light motor
vehicles (LMV) as two wheelers (scooters, motor cycles etc.), three wheelers
(auto rickshaws, 3-wheel tempo etc.), medium motor vehicles (cars, jeeps),
tractors (6 wheelers), mini buses and mini trucks (8 wheelers), heavy motor
vehicles such as buses, trucks and tankers (10 wheelers).
The summary of daily traffic count for the location was monitored during the study
period and summarized in Table-3.11.1 and % of composition of the vehicles are
given in the Table-3.11.2.
It was observed that the 2/3 wheelers, cars/jeeps and trucks/buses forms the
major volume of the traffic.
The present level of traffic has been converted to Passenger Car Units (PCU) at this
location as per the conversion factors stipulated by Indian Road Congress (IRC). The
Passenger Car Unit (PCU) recorded at the selected traffic location, which is towards
Sasang to Jagaldaga route and Jagaldaga to Sasang route is about 622 PCU.
TABLE-3.11.1
TRAFFIC DENSITY (VEHICLES/DAY)
TABLE–3.11.2
COMPOSITION OF EXISTING TRAFFIC VOLUME
Code Total No. of Vehicles % Composition
Vehicles LMV MMV HMV LMV MMV HMV
T1 538 285 141 112 52.97 26.20 20.83
Note: LMV-Light Motor Vehicles (scooter, motorcycle & auto rickshaw etc.)
MMV-Medium Motor Vehicles (car, jeep, tractor, mini bus, mini trucks)
HMV-Heavy Motor Vehicles (Bus, trucks and tankers)
The coal produced from proposed Banhardih mine will be transported by rail to
Patratu STPP. The direct impact on the traffic load due to the proposed mine will
be only due to service vehicles moving outside the ML area. A village road,
passing through the Central Part of the block proposed to be diverted within block
boundary before start of mining operation.
Length of approach road from NH-75 to coal block is about 3.00 km. Width of
road is 7.00 m (approx.). The approach road is sufficient to bear the load of
Trucks carrying HEMM. No coal transportation is proposed by road. There would
be transportation of HEMM from NH-75 to coal block by approach road. In view of
traffic study done by M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd, it can be concluded that existing road
network has low density traffic and additional traffic due to the proposed coal
mining project can be accommodated. The photographs of the approach road is
shown in Figure-3.11.1.
The mitigation measures on air quality will be taken to avoid adverse impact on
the environment is given in Chapter-4.
FIGURE-3.11.1
PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING APPROACH ROAD
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4.1 Introduction
The main operation at Banhardih coal mine involves drilling, blasting, overburden
handling, surface mining, coal handling, coal loading and coal transportation of
opencast mining.
Crushing is proposed for reduction of coal from ROM to (-100) mm size. Coal
evacuation within the mine will be done by 60 T coal body dumpers. Coal from
the CHP will be transported through a surface conveyor to the silos/load out point
located at southern boundary of the block, loading into railway wagon through
rapid loading system and to be dispatched through the railways. The coal will be
transported from Banhardih to Patratu STPP by rail, which is at distance of
approximate 95 km by rail.
The mining/extraction of coal will be carried in two different stages viz., mine-
development, and production of run of mine coal and its coal handling &
transportation. The identified impacts due to mining and allied activities related to
certain areas are:
Table-4.1 lists the possible impacts during site preparation and operation of the
mine.
TABLE-4.1
IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACT ACTIVITIES
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The impacts and appropriate mitigation measures are addressed in the following
sections for each stage of activity based on the scope of activity.
The coal mine developmental activities will result in loss of topsoil to some
extent. About 17.94 M.cum topsoil generation is estimated in project. This topsoil
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requires proper handling like separate stacking so that, it can be used for
greenbelt development. Apart from this, no significant adverse impact on soil in
the surrounding area is anticipated during site preparation.
During mine developmental phase, particulate matter will be the main pollutant,
which would be generated from the site developmental activities and vehicular
movement on the road. Further, concentration of NO 2 and CO may also increase
due to increased vehicular traffic movement. As most of the equipment will be
mobile, the emissions are likely to be fugitive. The dust generated will also be
fugitive in nature, which can be controlled by suitable mitigation measures like
sprinkling of water. The impacts will be localized in nature and the areas outside
the project boundary are not likely to have any adverse impact with respect to
ambient air quality.
During site development activities and mine infrastructure creation, only small
portion of population will be displaced. Houses and other properties fall in initial
phase will be demolished after implementation of R&R Plan. Major impact will
occur during full-fledged operation of mine when all PAPs will be resettled and
rehabilated. Therefore, demography of their area may be changed.
Due to land acquisition land users will loose their land and homestead will loose
their houses, wells, lawns etc. The persons dependent on commercial shops and
agriculture labour will also loose their employment. The HSO will be relocated
within study area, as far as possible as per availability of land by district
administration. The various social infrastructure like schools, Aganvadi,
grampanchayat offices etc. has to be relocated.
The project affected people (PAP) will have to be properly rehabilitated and
resettled with a well-planned and beneficial R&R Action Plan fully in conformity
with the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR Act, 2013) and Coal
Bearing Act (A&D), 1957 (of Government of India) and R&R Policy of Govt. of
Jharkhand.
However, people around this project area will be benefited by gainful indirect
employment opportunities through various service related activities connected
with the project operations as shown under:
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Rehabilitation and Resettlement package will help the PAP to lead a better life
with good social upliftment measures in various sectors like better housing,
improved educational and health care system, more employment prospects with
skill upgradation of eligible persons through training modules, facilities in the
area, etc.
Besides, there will be marked improvement for various facilities in the local areas
as shown below:
From above details, it is clear that the project operations will have affect the local
population initially but later on beneficial positive impact in the area. Impact on
social profile is going to be positive during this stage. Local people will be hired
for site preparation activities which will generate temporary employment.
For development of mine, site clearing would be required. It will involve clearing
of shrubs and felling of trees. The forest land of about 549.484 at site would also
be diverted for mining operations initially. There are no National Parks, Wildlife
sanctuary, Biosphere reserves or any other eco-sensitive area in coal block,
therefore no major impact on wildlife is envisaged. However, there are three
Protected Forests (PF) namely Udayapura PF, Sabanu P.F and Banhardih P.F
located within mine lease area partly which will be diverted for mining operations.
The number of trees to be fell will be counted during appraisal of Forest
Clearance. It will impact the local flora, fauna and environment, however,
compensatory afforestation and plantation, green belt development by project
proponent will neutralize this impact to some extent. For conservation of
Schedule-I species, wildlife conservation plan approved by state forest
department will be implemented. A copy of wildlife conservation plan is enclosed
as Annexure-VIII (B) and an application has been submitted to DFO, Latehar
for WLCP approval vide Letter No: PVUNL/BAN/36/164 dated 18.04.2022
(Acknowledgment copy is attached as Annexure-VIII(C).
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The primary impact to soil from demolition will be erosion and there would be a
negative, regional, and short-term impact. Demolition might temporarily increase
landslide potential by loosening the soil around the structures to be demolished,
having a minor, negative, local, and short-term impact. Removing components of
structures to be demolished would potentially affect the topography, though this
activity will primarily be surficial, and will have a negligible to minor, negative,
local, and long-term impact. Demolition will not be expected to affect surrounding
soils, and therefore, will not impact paleontological resources. Impacts from soil
cleanup to this resource area will result primarily from ground disturbance as a
result of contaminated soil or more being excavated. Because of the use of this
invasive remediation, erosion effects will be insignificant, negative, local to
regional, and short term. The potential for landslides will be minor, negative,
local, and short term. Finally, the changes to topography potentially will be
negligible to minor, negative, local, and short term, depending on the backfill
used in the excavated areas or remediated soils left after treatment. The potential
to encounter paleontological resources is low, and therefore, will have a
negligible, negative, local, and short-term potential impact.
The general topography of the block characterizes with rolling terrain with low
ridges and depressions. Elevation level of boreholes reveals that the minimum of
423.17 m in borehole no 2 W and maximum of 459.90 m in borehole no 20 E.
Around 25% of the block is covered with protected forest located in the western
part. Partly the villages like Udaypura, Jagaldagga, Banhardih, and Sabanu are
falling within the forest area. Rest of the area within the block is covered with
cultivated land and residential hutments.
During mining and allied operations, some changes to the pre-mining land use
will happen due to the following activities:
Removal of topsoil;
Removal of overburden (OB);
Dumping of overburden (OB);
Stockpile of coal;
Construction of mine infrastructure facilities such as benches, pit office, haul
road etc., within the lease area;and
Formation of garland drain around the mine lease.
The Bagdagga nala and Rajdaha nalas and their tributaries forms the main
drainage system of the sector. The courses of nalas have been developed into
cultivated lands and some gully head bandhs have been constructed across the
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nalas for storage of water for irrigation. A canal passes across the area from
north to south at the Centre and parallel to main connecting road passes through
Surli, Huchlu and Bari villages. Due to undulating nature of the land, a number of
natural ponds have been formed and these ponds are aligned in a definite line
indicating a possible presence of fault.
The operations are to be carried out in a limited area and hence negligible
climatological impacts are anticipated. Implementation of afforestation and
rehabilitated plantation work in ML area will contribute in positive manner.
The total Banhardih coal block comprises of about 1818 Ha area distributed over
ten villages. It administratively falls under the Latehar district, Jharkhand state.
TABLE-4.2
PRESENT LAND USE OF TOTAL BANHARDIH BLOCK AREA
Sub-Total 1818.10
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TABLE-4.3
PRE-MINING LAND DISTRIBUTION OF MINEABLE AREA
The average workable coal seam thickness is found to be 4.23 m (seam R2) to
37.86 m (Seam 1B); however, the seam gradients are found to be on much
higher side upto 45 deg. Considering the geo-mining parameters of the block, it
has been planned to deploy Surface Miner as well as to adopt drilling and blasting
for coal excavation in this project. There will be no drilling and blasting till 7th
year of mining operation.
The proposed mechanised opencast mining of coal mine project lease area is
1467.42 ha.
The pre-mining & post mining land use is presented in Figure-4.1(A) & Figure-
4.1(B). The reclamation plan is given in Figure-4.1(C).
After the proposed changes during mining, the changed land uses shall be
subjected to reclamation, rehabilitation, during ongoing period and then in post
mining period at final mine closure activities. The post-mining land-use at the end
of mineralization at a production rate for 12 MTPA capacity of coal production,
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Land degradation is one of the major adverse outcomes of mining activities and
any effort to control adverse impacts is considered incomplete when appropriate
land reclamation strategy is not adopted. This is carried out in two phases:
Physical/Technical Reclamation
During the process, the geometrical shape of the internal dumps is improved to
make it amenable to effective biological reclamation and also to provide safety
and stability.
Biological Reclamation
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Nitrogen fixing tree species for fuel wood, timber and fodder;
Fruit bearing tree species;
Tree species with dense foliage for shade; and
Flowering and ornamental tree species.
The land degradation and technical reclamation of mined out land is given in
Table-4.5. The stage wise details of technical biological reclamation is given in
Table-4.6.
TABLE-4.5
LAND DEGRADATION AND TECHNICAL RECLAMATION OF MINED OUT LAND
(Area in ha)
Stage/ Year Biologically Reclaimed Area (ha) - Cumulative Forest Land (Return) Undisturbed Total
/ To be left
Agriculture Plantation Water Public/ Utilized Undisturbed for Public/
Body Company Use Total Community
Use
Y-1 2024-25 - - - - - - - - -
Y-3 2026-27 - - - - - - - - -
Y-5 2028-29 - - - - - - - - -
Y-7 2030-31 - - - - - - - - -
Y-10 2033-34 - - - - - - - - -
Y-15 2038-39 - - - - - - - - -
Y-20 2043-44 - 55.75 - - - - - - -
Y-25 2048-49 - 123.89 - - - - - - -
Y-30 2053-54 - 239.27 - - - - - - -
Post Closure
Year 2056-57 74.90 574.66 0 135.00 784.5 463.18 54.77 164.91 1467.4
-33 6 2
Source: Approved Mining Plan
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Safety barrier of 7.5 m width along the block boundary and reserve locked up
within the safety barrier has been estimated separately. However, provision of 50
meter safety barrier has been planned all along the surface dumps towards the
block boundary. The comparison of land use details during pre-mining, during
mining, post-mining and post closure are given in Table-4.7.
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FIGURE-4.1 (A)
PRE-MINING LAND USE
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FIGURE-4.1 (B)
POST-MINING LAND USE
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FIGURE-4.1 (C)
RECLAMATION PLAN
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TABLE-4.7
LAND USE DETAILS IN PRE-MINING, DURING MINING AND
POST CLOSURE LAND USE AND POST CLOSURE MANAGEMENT
Sr. Type Land Use Land use Land Use (Post Closure)
No (Proposed) (End of Agricultural Plantation Water Public/ Forest Land Undisturbed Total
Life) Land Body Company (Returned)
Use
1 Excavation Area 727.24 - - -- - - - -
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Topsoil Management
The topsoil in the active mining area gets adversely affected. The topsoil is to be
separately kept. The soil quality of the surrounding area is also likely to get
affected due to siltation and run off from waste dumps. The mine drainage, if it is
acidic and containing toxic constituents, not adequately treated when discharged
to nearby land would affect the soil quality adversely, when discharged untreated
into streams effects the quality of water and make it unfit for agricultural use.
The process of mining starts from scrapping of topsoil. Average topsoil in the
proposed area of excavation found to be around 3.1 m. Top soil will be
scrapped and stored in the designated place as shown in the respective stage
plans. Topsoil will be utilized in the embankment in the initial years, however,
will be spread over the reclaimed area in later phases during the progressive and
final closure of the mine. Stage wise topsoil generation and spreading schedule is
furnished in Table-4.8.
TABLE-4.8
YEAR WISE TOPSOIL DUMP
The overburden generated in the initial 5th years will be dumped on the surface
in the central part of the Block. Concurrent backfilling will commence from the
6th year of production commencement. Re-handling of the surface dump will
commence after final year of the production commencement and proposed to be
completed by end of post closure period. The temporary surface dump will be
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utilized for active dumping till 10th Year of mining operation. Schedule of internal
dumping, external dumping and re-handling schedule is furnished in Table-4.9.
TABLE-4.9
PRODUCTION CALENDAR AND CUMULATIVE OB GENERATION OF
BANHARDIH COAL MINE
Cumulative Coal, OB & Top Soil Generation and Dumping Schedule (Tentative)
External
Year Calendar Coal OB Int. Top Soil Re-
OB
Year (MT) (Mcum) Dump. Dump. handling.
Dump.
(Mcum) (Mcum) (Mcum)
(Mcum)
Year-1 2024-25 1.00 12.00 0.00 0.36 11.64 0
Year-2 2025-26 7.50 40.00 0.00 0.88 39.12 0
Year-3 2026-27 15.00 84.00 0.00 1.72 82.28 0
Year-4 2027-28 24.00 134.00 0.00 2.68 131.32 0
Year-5 2028-29 34.50 186.00 0.00 3.72 182.28 0
Year-6 2029-30 45.50 238.00 17.99 4.76 215.25 0
Year-7 2030-31 57.50 290.00 36.55 5.80 247.65 0
Year-8 2031-32 69.50 342.00 56.93 6.84 278.23 0
Year-9 2032-33 81.50 394.00 83.07 7.88 303.05 0
Year-10 2033-34 93.50 446.00 114.32 8.92 322.76 0
Year-11 2034-35 105.50 498.00 165.28 9.96 322.76 0
Year-12 2035-36 117.50 550.00 216.24 11.00 322.76 0
Year-13 2036-37 129.50 602.00 267.20 12.04 322.76 0
Year-14 2037-38 141.50 654.00 318.16 13.08 322.76 0
Year-15 2038-39 151.50 694.50 357.85 13.89 322.76 0
Year-16 2039-40 159.50 735.00 397.54 14.70 322.76 0
Year-17 2040-41 167.50 775.50 437.23 15.51 322.76 0
Year-18 2041-42 175.50 816.00 476.92 16.32 322.76 0
Year-19 2042-43 183.50 856.50 516.61 17.13 322.76 0
Year-20 2043-44 191.50 897.00 556.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-21 2044-45 199.50 937.50 596.80 17.94 322.76 0
Year-22 2045-46 207.50 978.00 637.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-23 2046-47 214.00 1018.00 677.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-24 2047-48 220.50 1053.00 712.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-25 2048-49 227.00 1073.00 732.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-26 2049-50 233.50 1091.00 750.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-27 2050-51 239.00 1110.00 769.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-28 2051-52 243.50 1130.00 789.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-29 2052-53 248.00 1151.00 810.30 17.94 322.76 0
Year-30 2053-54 250.50 1173.00 832.30 17.94 322.76 0
Post Closure Waste Management
Year-31 2054-55 - - 832.30 17.94 240 82.76
Year-32 2055-56 - - 832.30 17.94 120 202.76
Year-33 2056-57 - - 832.30 17.94 0 322.76
Source: Approved Mining Plan
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Mitigation Measures
The following control measures to prevent soil erosion and wash off of fines from
freshly excavated benches and dumps will be adopted:
Garland drains will be provided around the mine to arrest any soil from the
mine area being carried away by the rain water;
The bench levels will be provided with water gradient against the general pit
slope to decrease the speed of storm water and prevent its uncontrolled
descent;
Special local stone paved chutes and channels will be provided to allow
controlled descent of water, especially from external dumps;
Gullies formed, if any, on side of the benches will be provided with check
dams of local stone or sand filled bags;
The inactive dump slopes will be planned with bushes, grass, shrubs and trees
to prevent soil erosion after applying top soil; and
After exhaustion of the total workable coal reserves, within the lease area,
the changed land form will be subjected to post mining reclamation activities,
for best possible land uses.
Opencast mining operations lead to increment of air pollutants and dust (PM10
levels) levels due to mining activity. Major gaseous pollutant levels incremented
due to mining activity include NO2, SO2 and CO are basically generated from the
burning of fossil fuel in mobile and stationary sources. The dust levels are
increased due to physical activities like mechanization, movement of vehicles,
handling of solids and fugitive emissions from storage areas.
The air pollution due to mining activity are broadly identified in two major phases
of mining activity as follows:
Operation Phase
During operation phase, the major sources of pollutants from the mining activity
include:
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Post-Operation Phase
During this stage of the project, the activities related to the closure of mine are to
be carried out. Final mine closure plan will be prepared and approved at least five
years before the closure of the mine. Some of the activities for the closure
susceptible to emission of air pollutants are:
Impacts due to air pollutants is scoped in two major sources of causatives include
deployment of mobile and stationary sources within mine operation. The impacts
due to these sources are highlighted below:
Electricity for operation of the mine is sourced from external electrical grid
through installation of a dedicated power substation. The major air emissions in
the mining area (within ML area) is accounted for dust and particulate emissions
(PM10). The major stationary emissions are envisaged from the mining activity
which includes drilling and blasting activities. The fugitive emissions from
stationary and mobile sources of emissions are discussed separately below.
Air pollution sources at the mining site can be classified into three categories,
viz., area sources, line sources and instantaneous point sources. Extraction of
coal by various activities in mining area is considered as an area source.
Transportation of coal from mining area to the storage area is considered as line
source. Drilling is considered as point source.
Further to above, as the project is proposed opencast mining project during the
mine the ambient air pollution is envisaged to be maximum in future.
Fugitive Emissions
As per the mine plan, the production program of Banhardih coal mine will be
carried out by open cast mining (12 MTPA) based on the occurrence of coal seams.
Major fugitive emissions from the coal mining during opencast mining is addressed
below:
Opencast Mining
Coal Handling Plant (CHP) – the ROM from mine pits after extraction will be
loaded into receiving hoppers of the CHP which will be crushed to the required
size and conveyed (through a closed conveyer system) up to overhead truck
loading hoppers there by reducing the fugitive emissions to the extent possible.
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The impact during the coal mining operation on the ambient air quality of the study
area has been predicted using mathematical modelling by following the guidelines
developed by CPCB. For prediction of maximum Ground Level Concentrations
(GLC’s), the air dispersion modelling software (AERMOD version 9.9.5) with SRTM
Digital elevation model (DEM) was used. AERMOD is steady state advanced
Gaussian plume model that simulates air quality and deposition fields up to 50 km
radius. AERMOD is approved by USEPA and is widely used software. It is an
advanced version of Industrial Source Complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes similar
input and output structure to ISCST3 sharing many of the same features, as well
as offering additional features. The model is applicable to rural and urban areas,
flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases and multiple sources
including point, area, flare, line and volume sources.
Air dispersion modeling studies were conducted to determine the impact of the
opencast mining operations on nearby habitation and forests and the findings are
presented in this report. The model set-up details are presented in Table-4.11.
TABLE-4.11
MODEL SET-UP
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TABLE-4.12
EMISSION FACTORS/INPUTS FOR COAL MINING- PM
TABLE-4.13
EMISSION INPUTS FOR DG SET & DUMPERS/TRUCKS WITHIN MINE LEASE
AREA
Meteorological Data
Presentation of Results
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Dust as PM10 is the most important air pollutant to be generated in the core area
of the mining activity is addressed here. The coal will be transported from
Banhardih to Patratu STPP by rail, which is at distance of approximate 95 km by
rail. Hence, the modelling is done only for the trucks moving in the haul roads of
inside the coal mine. The details of trucks and its capacities is given in Table-
4.14. The predicted 24-hourly short-term ground level incremental concentration
for controlled & uncontrolled measures is given in Table-4.15. The resultant GLC
concentration is given in Table-4.16.
TABLE-4.14
DETAILS OF TRUCKS
TABLE-4.15
PREDICTED INCREMENTAL GLC’s –WINTER SEASON
TABLE-4.16
RESULTANT GLC’s-WINTER SEASON
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The vehicles will be having inbuilt control measures for SO2, NOX control
emissions. The predicted incremental concentrations (Max GLC’s) when
superimposed over the existing baseline concentrations, the resultant
concentrations are observed to be within the NAAQ’s Standards.
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FIGURE-4.2
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM 10
[WITHOUT CONTROL]-WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-4.3
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM 2.5
[WITHOUT CONTROL] -WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-4.4
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM 10 [WITH
80 % CONTROL]-WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-4.5
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM 2.5
[WITH 80 % CONTROL]- WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-4.6
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM 10 [WITH
60 % CONTROL] -WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-4.7
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM 2.5
[WITH 60 % CONTROL] -WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-4.8
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR SO2
[WITH CONTROL] -WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-4.9
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR NO x-
WINTER SEASON
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FIGURE-4.10
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR CO
WINTER SEASON
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As Sikini is an operating coal mine, the impacts of same are already reflected in
the baseline environmental scenario. However, theoretical modelling undertaken
to predict cumulative incremental concentration of both mine.
The cumulative incremental concentrations for the proposed Banhardih coal mine
and Sikni coal mine with and without control measures are given in Table-4.17
(A, B & C).
TABLE-4.17 (A)
PREDICTED 24-HOURLY SHORT-TERM GROUND LEVEL INCREMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER-UNCONTROLLED
MEASURES – CUMULATIVE (WINTER SEASON)
Uncontrolled
Sr.No Parameters GLC (µg/m3) Direction Distance
(km)
1 PM10 76.4 SE 1.5
2 PM2.5 22.9 SE 1.5
TABLE-4.17 (B)
PREDICTED 24-HOURLY SHORT-TERM GROUND LEVEL INCREMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS FOR PARTICULATE MATTER-CONTROLLED MEASURES
– CUMULATIVE (WINTER SEASON)
Controlled
Sr.No Parameters GLC (µg/m3) Direction Distance
(km)
1 PM10 19.10 SE 1.5
2 PM2.5 5.73 SE 1.5
TABLE-4.17 (C)
PREDICTED 24-HOURLY SHORT-TERM GROUND LEVEL INCREMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS FOR NOx, CO CONTROLLED – CUMULATIVE (WINTER
SEASON)
Controlled
Sr. No Parameters Incremental Direction Distance
GLC (µg/m3) (km)
1 NOx 12.30 SE 0.6
2 SO2 2.29 SE 0.6
3 CO 7.49 SE 0.6
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The isopleths representing the incremental concentration due to the mining and
related activity as well as cumulative concentration with surrounding mines within
10 km radius - controlled and uncontrolled measures are shown in Figure 4.11 –
4.17.
FIGURE-4.11
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM 10
[WITHOUT CONTROL]-SCENARIO-II
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FIGURE-4.12
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM2.5
[WITHOUT CONTROL]-SCENARIO-II
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FIGURE-4.13
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM 10
[WITH CONTROL] -SCENARIO-II
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FIGURE-4.14
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR PM2.5
[WITH CONTROL]- SCENARIO-II
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FIGURE-4.15
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR NO x
[WITH CONTROL] -SCENARIO-II
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FIGURE-4.16
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR CO
[WITH CONTROL] -SCENARIO-II
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FIGURE-4.17
ISOPLETHS SHOWING INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR SO2
[WITH CONTROL]-SCENARIO-II
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As discussed above, there will be increase in terms of dust load due to mining
operations. The above surface activities too cause insignificant emissions and will be
confined to the lease area only and will not have any adverse impact on the outside
community. The proposed mining activities will have impact on air quality.
4.3.5.4 Impact due to Transportation on Air Quality
Coal from the CHP will be transported through a surface conveyor to the
silos/load out point located at southern boundary of the block, loading into
railway wagon through rapid loading system and to be dispatched through the
railways. The coal will be transported from Banhardih to Patratu STPP by rail,
which is at distance of approximate 95 km by rail.
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FIGURE-4.18
ENTIRE SEQUENCE OF MINERAL PRODUCTION, TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING, TRANSFER AND STORAGE OF
MINERAL WASTE AND THEIR IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY
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Impact on Villages
The incremental concentrations of PM 10 & PM2.5 on villages within M.L area & AAQ
monitoring locations is given in Table-4.18 & Table-4.19.
TABLE-4.18
INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS OF PM 10 & PM2.5
ON VILLAGES WITHIN ML AREA
TABLE-4.19
INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS PM10 & PM2.5
ON AAQ MONITORING LOCATIONS
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The impacts on the Reserve Forest (R.F) blocks have been computed based on
the incremental concentration. There are 16 Reserve Forest blocks present in
5 km radius. The incremental concentrations over the reserve forests are
given in Table-4.20.
TABLE-4.20
INCREMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS ON RESERVE FORESTS BLOCKS
Mitigation measures suggested for air pollution controls are based on the baseline
ambient air quality of the area. From the point of view of maintenance of an
acceptable ambient air quality in the region, it is desirable that air quality is
monitored on a regular basis to check compliance of standards as prescribed by
regulatory authorities. Fugitive dust will be generated in open cast mine due to
drilling, blasting, handling of overburden and coal. To control dust from various
operations following measures will be restored.
Drilling Operations
The following steps will be taken to reduce dust generation due to drilling activities:
Dust produced during deep large blast hole drilling will be controlled by
maintaining the drilling speed as recommended by the manufactures;
All the drills will be equipped with well-designed dust extractor arrangement;
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Wet drilling will be practised & drills fitted with dust control devices will be used;
and
Blasting Operations
The following practices will be maintained in order to reduce dust generation:
Recommended design of the geometry of blast holes will be maintained for
appropriate results;
Controlled blasting will usually be done in daytime during the shift change over
period; and
The operation will be in conformity with the existing laws with closer control of
blasting parameters including results of blasting like desired fragmentation,
permitted vibration, etc.
Suppression of coal dust during coal handling by fine nozzle mounted fixed
sprinklers;
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Covered coal conveyor & CHP is envisaged to minimize the dispersion of dust
emissions.
Controlling CO Levels
NO2 emissions in the mine mainly occur during blasting operations. The main
reasons for NO2 emissions are:
Use of good quality explosives having proper oxygen balance with regular
monitoring;
Regular updating of the date of manufacture/expiry to avoid confusions. A
normal procedure should be formulated to check/visually inspect all
explosives, and if disintegrated ingredients are spotted, the explosives won't
be used, even if the date has not expired; and
The primer to column ratio would be rationalized so as to produce minimum
NO2.
Total requirement of water is estimated as 11.25 MLD for the block (Potable – 2.3
MLD; Industrial – 8.95 MLD). The break-up of water requirement is given in
Table-4.21. The water balance diagram is given in Figure-4.19.
In usual condition of the mining, this mine will operate in a “Zero Discharge”
Scenario. The mine pit accumulated water will be pumped and stored in the
central sump for workshop, sprinkling and plantation use. Water discharge may
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happen only in the rainy season due to sudden inrush of storm water. The break
up of water requirement is given in Table-4.21.
TABLE-4.21
BREAK UP OF WATER REQUIREMENT
FIGURE-4.19
WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM
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The likely sources of water pollution from Banhardih along with type of pollutants
are as follows:
o Industrial wastewater from work shop: suspended solids, oil & grease;
o Wastewater from mine: suspended solids of coal, clay and oil;
o Surface run-off passing through coal stock piles: suspended solids; and
o Storm water from lease hold area and built-up area: suspended solids.
The impact of mining on both surface water source and ground water resource
has been assessed as follows:
For complying with the statutory provisions of MoEF&CC and Pollution Control
Board, water quality will be monitored and evaluated. Corrective measures
will be taken on the basis of monitoring results. As the mining operations
advance there may be changes in the water quality due to mine water
discharge, workshop effluent discharge, domestic, sewage, etc. The following
measures are suggested to control the water pollution:
o Sufficient safeguards during the planning stage to make the project eco-
friendly from water pollution control point of view;
o HEMMs will be used for OB removal in the opencast mine of the project.
Effluent from workshop will be treated in the effluent treatment plant with
zero discharge;
o Sanitary wastewater will be treated mainly for total suspended solids (TSS)
and bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD). Domestic effluents will be treated in
septic tanks and soak pits;
o Drains will be provided around coal stacks to collect run-off water and
diverting it into settling ponds before discharging it into natural water
courses; and
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The following measures will substantiate the water requirement of the project and
enhance ground water recharge to reduce the impact of lowering of water table
due to mine dewatering in the vicinity and downstream:
Mitigation Measures
Hydrogeological Impacts
The impact of proposed project on water regime may be in different ways and on
surface or ground water or both. The impacts on water regime due to the project
can be:
Surface Water
Ground Water
Water Quality
A. Surface Water
The Bagdagga nala and Rajdaha nalas and their tributaries form the main
drainage system of the sector. The courses of nalas have been developed into
cultivated lands and some gully head bandhs have been constructed across the
nalas for storage of water for irrigation. A canal passes across the area from
north to south at the Centre and parallel to main connecting road passes through
Surli, Huchlu and Bari villages. Due to undulating nature of the land, number of
natural ponds have been formed and these ponds are aligned in a definite line
indicating a possible presence of fracture.
The mining activity will disturb the drainage courses of Bagdagga and Rajdaha
nalas in the ML area and thereby the run-off carried by these downstream.
Bagdagga nala drainage courses exits ML area as two nalas from the southern
part and Rajdaha nala drainage courses exits ML area as one single nala from the
western part. Catchments of these nala courses is shown in below Figure-4.20.
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FIGURE-4.20
CONCEPTUAL PLAN WITH NALA DIVERSION AND PIEZOMETERS
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The run-off values calculated considering average run-off coefficient of 0.25 from
the catchment areas and average monthly rainfall for Daltonganj station are
presented in Table-4.22. The annual volume of surface run-off from Rajdaha,
Bagdagga1 and 2 catchments is estimated at 5.68 MCM, 4.95 MCM and 2.40 MCM
respectively. These nala exits will be provided with settling ponds connecting the
garland drains and drainage from open land to allow clean into the nallas outside
the ML area to maintain original natural flow of clean water downstream.
However, a detailed study needs to be carried out to plan and design for
appropriate diversion arrangement for these nalas.
TABLE-4.22
RUN-OFF FROM BAGDAGGA AND RAJDAHA NALA CATCHMENTS
In the absence of river flow/level measurement data on these nalas, the peak
discharge at the exit points of these nalas is estimated using modified Dicken’s
formula used for design/peak discharge estimation considering catchment area
and run-off coefficient Peak discharge from Rajdaha, Bagdagga 1 and 2
catchments is estimated at 130.28 cumecs, 117.56 cumecs and 68.25 cumecs
respectively. Tentative capacities of settling ponds and detention period for 50%
of 1-hour and 24-hour heaviest rainfall events (100.81 mm and 290.8 mm
respectively).
A berm of 3 m all along the pit crest is planned to prevent entry of storm water
into the pit. This water will be channelized along the pit which will then follow the
natural course. A garland drain of 5-7 m width and about 4-5 m deep has been
planned along the lease boundary to channelize the storm water from the
catchment area. In the initial years, this garland drain will connect the natural
drainage through central part of the block. Pumping arrangement on year-to-year
basis will be followed as per monsoon planning to drain the storm water.
The Banardih coal block falls in the Auranga coalfield surrounded by the older
metamorphics of the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex represented by the
Palamau Plateau. The general topography of the block characterizes with rolling
terrain with low ridges and depressions. Elevation level of boreholes reveals that
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Total requirement of water is estimated as 11.25 MLD for the block (Potable – 2.3
MLD; Industrial – 8.95 MLD).
The total water requirement will be initially met from bore wells.
Borewells/ground water/rainfall accumulated has been assumed to be the source
of potable water requirement. For all industrial usage of water, the treated mine
water pumped out from the sumps will be used after treatment of suspended
solids at later stage as the mining work progresses.
The stage of ground water development in Latehar and Chandwa blocks is 38.89
% and 26.49 % respectively and categorized as “Safe”. The stage of ground
water development including present project requirement in the study area is
estimated as 12.61% and can be categorized as “Safe”.
Hence the long-term ground water withdrawal will be only 2,300 m³/day (0.759
MCM/year) and it will not have any adverse impact. However, to neutralize the
ground water withdrawal, the project is advised to undertake necessary rain
water harvesting and recharge measures.
Mine Seepage
The depth of mining will vary from 41.045 m bgl during 1 st year to 293.000 m bgl
during 7th year and it will be 304.000 m bgl at the conceptual stage. The average
surface elevation of the pits is at 340.000 m amsl and the bottom elevation at the
maximum pit depth stage is 140.000 m amsl. The average monsoon water level
in the ML area is around 426.69 m amsl and during non-monsoon season, it is
around 424.10 m amsl. Hence, the mine workings will intersect water table
during the 1st year itself and seepage of ground water in to the mine pits will
continue till the end of life of the mine.
Mine workings will be planned in such a way that working faces and haul roads
shall remain dry as far as possible. To achieve this, the seepage water should be
diverted to a water collection sump at lower level of mine pit and pumped out
from there. The mine seepage at different stages of mining is worked out using
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Q = KbIL
where,
The annual mine seepage rate varies from 448.00 m³/day during 1 st year to
2,337.00 m³/day during 7th year and it is 1,189 m³/day at the conceptual stage.
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FIGURE-4.21
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF MINE PIT GEOMETRY AND WATER TABLE
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TABLE-4.23
MINE SEEPAGE AT DIFFERENT STAGES
Radius of Influence
Pit details at different stages, equivalent pit radius and radius of influence worked
out are presented in Table-4.24. The radius of influence from the centre of mine
pit due to mine seepage dewatering at different stages will be 545.34 m to
1,423.01 m during monsoon season and 551.75 m to 1,422.36 m during non-
monsoon season. The distance of pit wall will be 219.11 m to 361.15 m during
monsoon season and 225.52 m to 360.80 m during non-monsoon season.
TABLE-4.24
RADIUS OF INFLUENCE DUE TO MINE DE-WATERING
B. Water Quality
A review of surface and ground water sample analysis indicates that the water
quality in the study area in general is good and potable except slightly higher
values of turbidity, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium and magnesium in
some ground water samples.
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Impact on water quality during construction and operation of any project may be
due to sewage generated from the domestic facilities, wastewater generated from
different operations, waste and oil spillage from the workshop, ash or other waste
disposal etc. It is important to ensure that the water discharged from the project
meet the relevant disposal norms and water used in the project meets the
relevant national standards.
Regular water monitoring will be done for the accumulated water. Corrective
measures will be taken on the basis of monitoring results. Except increase in the
TDS level for the storm water, water quality is believed to be maintained within
the prescribed limits of CPCB. In usual condition of the mining, this mine will
operate in a “Zero Discharge” scenario. The mine pit accumulated water will be
pumped and stored in the central sump for workshop, sprinkling and plantation
use. Water discharge may happen only in the rainy season due to sudden inrush
of storm water.
There will not be any process effluent generation from the ML area, however
effluent generated from mine workshop will be treated using oil-grease separator
and reused. Domestic effluents will be treated in septic tanks and soak pits.
Drains will be provided around coal stacks to collect run-off water and diverting it
in to settling ponds before discharging it into natural water courses. Sufficient
standby capacity and detention time of 3 to 4 hours will be provided in the
main/intermediate sumps so that the suspended solids generated due to mine
workings settle down and comparatively cleaner water is discharged to the
surface drainage system. The mine can be converted to “Water Positive” mine
and surplus water can be supplied for irrigation after being treated properly.
Spillage of hazardous material such as waste oil, used paints, colour material,
used batteries from store, workshop etc., may reach surface and ground water
causing deterioration of water quality. These hazardous wastes shall be disposed
off as per Hazardous Waste Amendment Rules and it will be sent to an authorized
dealer.
Water levels in and in the vicinity of ML area varies from 0.70 m to 3.97 m bgl
during post-monsoon and 4.35 m to 7.50 m bgl during pre-monsoon. The
average water level of last 10 years in Latehar and Chandwa monitoring wells is
3.56 m bgl.
As per manual on artificial recharge, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), the
upper 3.0 m of the unsaturated zone is not considered for recharging, since it
may cause adverse environmental impact e.g., water logging, soil salinity etc.
The post-monsoon depth to water level represents a situation of minimum
thickness of vadose zone available for recharge which can be considered vis-à-vis
surplus monsoon run-off in the area.
Hence, as per Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) guidelines, the shallow nature
of water levels less than 4.00 m bgl during post-monsoon does not insist on any
intensive artificial recharge measures on the surface. Rather, direct recharge to
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the deeper aquifer(s) that will be dewatering during the course of mining is
advised. However, to understand the quantum of water available from ML area
for rain water harvesting, reuse and ground water recharge, tentative run-off
estimation from different land use categories during 5th year is worked out and
presented in Table-4.25.
TABLE-4.25
RAINFALL AVAILABLE FOR RAINWATER HARVESTING
AND RECHARGE IN ML AREA
The amount of rainfall available from these roof tops estimated using average
rainfall of 1159.50 mm as per IMD data and run-off coefficients suggested by
Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) is 80,962.57 m³.
and first flush wastage, 70,370.06 m³ (0.070 MCM) is the run-off volume
estimated as available for project activities. The capacity of storage structure for
the heaviest rainfall received in 24 hours (290.80 mm) shall be 22,000 m³
whereas for the rainfall received during the wettest month of July (332.10 mm)
shall be 25,000 m³. Any overflow from the storage tanks shall be diverted to the
nearest storm water drain to reach the natural surface flow. A typical roof top
water harvesting model is presented in Figure-4.22.
FIGURE-4.22
TYPICAL ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING MODEL
Artificial Recharge
Settling-cum-Recharge Ponds
The run-off values calculated considering average run-off coefficient of 0.25 from
the catchment areas and average monthly rainfall for Daltonganj station. The
annual volume of surface run-off from Rajdaha, Bagdagga1 and 2 catchments is
estimated at 5.68 MCM, 4.95 MCM and 2.40 MCM respectively. These nala exits
will be provided with settling ponds connecting the garland drains and drainage
from open land to allow clean into the nallas outside the ML area to maintain
original natural flow of clean water downstream. Tentative capacities of settling
ponds and detention period for 50% of 1-hour and 24-hour heaviest rainfall
events (100.81 mm and 290.8 mm respectively). Assuming an average depth of
2.5 m, about 0.463 MCM of recharge is expected from these ponds for 50% of 1-
hour heaviest rainfall event.
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Recharge Wells: The run-off from roads and paved area, greenbelt, dumps and
undisturbed area (this will vary with the progress of mine workings) will be routed
through garland drains and other storm water drains through silt traps and
settling ponds to allow clean water downstream. The amount of run-off from
these areas during 5th year will be 22,54,865.15 m³ and considering 80% of this
run-off after evaporation and other losses, 18,03,892.12 m³ will be discharged
through storm water and garland drains downstream after passing through the
silt traps and settling ponds. Recharge wells can be installed along these drains to
take the advantage of run-off directly recharging the aquifer being dewatered
from mine pits. Considering a 20% of recharge from the run-off through these
wells, 3,60,778.42 m³ (0.361 MCM) is expected as recharge. A typical artificial
recharge system through recharge well is presented in Figure-4.23. The
components of this artificial recharge system will include the following:
Storm water drains to route run-off from the open area to the infiltration
pond;
Silt trap to filter silt and suspended matter from rain water diverted from the
catchment;
Inlet for diverting the run-off into the recharge pit in a controlled manner;
Outlet at a lower level than inlet to avoid any backwater effect and safely
discharge excess run-off during peak events from the recharge pit; and
Recharge well as an induced recharge measure to allow water from the pond
by gravity to the deeper aquifer.
FIGURE-4.23
TYPICAL RECHARGE WELL IN ML AREA
Mine Pit Sumps
In open cast mining, surface and ground water seeping into mine pits must be
controlled to allow efficient mining operations. Run-off from the surrounding land
surface must be diverted away from mine, for example by using collector drains
and diversion bunds. Within a mine, any surface water and ground water seepage
must be controlled by the drains and sumps to collect the water away from
working areas. This method involves allowing surface water falling from the
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rainfall within mine pit and ground water seepage to enter the pit, then directing
it to sumps to temporarily store via drains and ditches, from where it is pumped
away to the surface.
The entire water diverted from the mine working areas and ground water seepage
after the mine pit intersecting ground water will not be pumped at a stretch and
there will be minimum water column in the mine water collection sump. This will
act as recharge structure through porous media in the side walls and pit bottom.
Details of surface water collected from rainfall and ground water seepage at
different stages. Location and size of the water collection sump will vary
depending on the progress of mine workings. Recharge from the mine pit sump
as per the sump capacities ranges from 0.071 MCM during 1 st year to 0.064 MCM
at the conceptual stage.
A detailed Area Drainage Study has been carried out by M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd
(Attached as Annexure-XX). An application for nallah diversion is submitted to
Irrigation Department on 26.04.2022 (Copy attached as Annexure-XXI)
As per ToR clause no. 4 (x), permission for diversion of nala/water bodies lying in
the project area from State Water Resource Department to be obtained and
impact of diversion of nala on nearby areas and villages shall be studied. The
summary and conclusions of study are given below:
Peak discharge from the catchments of Bagdagga, Rajdaha and Sukri nalas has
been calculated using Dicken’s formula, formula used locally (revised Dicken’s),
Ryve’s formula and Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). Peak discharge
estimated using Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) is found to be highest
and is considered for designing nalas proposed for diversion.
Two design options – Option1: along haul road proposed and Option2: along
lease boundary. Section A-B covers diversion of Bagdagga1 upper catchment
drainage and Section B-C covers diversion of Bagdagga2 catchment drainage.
Since the difference between Section A-B and B-C is not much and only run-off
from initial drainage courses joins the Section B-C in major portion, the highest of
these two – section A-B for both option1 and 2 may be continued from A-C for
entire nala diversion proposed.
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The noise associated with mining activities may be classified into 3 types:
Continuous;
Intermittent; and
Impulse.
The workmen associated with the operation of HEMMS etc will experience a noise
level above stipulated 90 dB(A). For more than 4-4.5 hrs shift, unless suitable
mitigative measures are taken, high noise pollution will have impact on the
workmen.
The noise generation from the working of mine and for the proposed project will
be from various sources, which may originate from various locations. For the
purpose of noise dispersion, it is assumed that all the noise generating sources
from the mine as one source. The dispersion of this noise is computed by using
the model.
Where, Lp1, Lp2, Lp3 are noise pressure levels at a point due to different sources.
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Based on the above equations a user-friendly model has been developed. The
details of the model are as follows:
Maximum number of sources is limited to 200;
Noise levels can be predicted at any distance specified from the source;
Model is designed to take flat or undulating terrain;
Coordinates of the sources in meters;
Maximum and minimum levels are calculated by the model;
Output of the model in the form of isopleths; and
Environmental attenuation factors and machine corrections have not been
incorporated in the model but corrections are made for the measured Leq
level.
Input to the Model
An attempt has been made to predict the noise levels at the boundary of the
mining site. Coordinates X and Y are taken as input to the model is correlated
with grid size and scale (1:100 m). Thus, the center of the mining area is defined
as 0,0 coordinates. The input to the model has been taken as the cumulative
noise of noise generating sources.
The isopleths and the noise levels obtained by modeling are presented in Figure-
4.24. The sound pressure level generated by noise sources decreases with
increasing distance from the source due to wave divergence.
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FIGURE-4.24
NOISE DISPERSION CONTOURS
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The incremental noise levels on the villages within the mine lease area are given
below in Table-4.26.
TABLE-4.26
INCREMENTAL NOISE LEVELS
The incremental noise levels within the mine lease area varies from 16.4 dB (A) to
36.2 dB (A).
Noise Levels
It is seen from the simulation results that the incremental noise levels are
confined to mine premises only and do not contribute to violation of CPCB
standards. Hence, the impact of noise on the human habitation and surrounding
environment is likely to be insignificant. The proposed green belt all around the
mine lease area act as noise barrier and keep the community noise levels with
the tolerable limits. Therefore, the incremental noise levels at the nearby
communities will be minimal and within the permissible limits.
As per current practices, powder factor for overburden i.e. shale and sandstone
have been considered as 2.2 bcum/kg and 1.9 bcum/kg respectively and for coal
5 bcum/kg. Two main factors determine the ground vibration due to blasting:
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Fly rock is another possible damage caused by blasting. There are many factors,
which influence the fly rock phenomenon, like long explosive column with low
stemming column, high burden, loose material or pebbles near holes and long
water columns in the holes. However, precautions will be taken to ensure proper
blasting patterns so that fly rocks do not go beyond planned safe distance.
As per DGMS circular peak park velocity (PPV) for frequency range of 8 – 25 Hz is
10 mm for kutcha brick buildings and 5 mm for sensitive area. PPV will be kept
within the safe limit prescribed by DGMS tech circular no. 7 of 1997 dated
02.09.1997.
It is envisaged that the blasting operation will be carried out by SMS (Site Mixed
Slurry) and it will be transported to the mine site by the explosive’s agency.
Magazine will be required only for storage of detonators, detonating fuse, cast
boosters, cord-relays, etc. A cluster of 2 magazines, each of 4t capacity is
proposed for storing detonating fuses, detonators and other explosives for
secondary blasting.
The ambient noise level of the project will be monitored regularly. Noise levels
are likely to remain within the limits of the prescribed standard. So, the noise
produced from this project will not have auditory, non-auditory, masking effects,
etc. as suitable mitigation measures shall be taken in the project.
Controlled blasting technique will be adopted in the project. So, there will be no
significant adverse effects on life, property and ambient noise. The following
measures will be taken:
Greenbelt around the quarry, infrastructure sites and service building area
besides avenue plantation on both sides of the roads;
To maintain noise level at night time within the limit for the inhabited
localities situated at a very close proximity;
Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise areas; and
Delay system Use of millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock
tube initiation system, between rows and between holes in the same row;
Blasting time: Blasting will be done in day time during the shift change over
period as per requirement. However, the frequency of blasting will depend
upon DGMS permission for use of explosive, meteorological condition, geo-
mining condition and method of mining; and
Vibration Control
Proper design factor will be taken while constructing various structures for
stability against vibration;
A safe blasting zone will be kept around the periphery of the quarry. This zone
is kept free from village habitation and community infrastructure and thus
impact of vibration after blasting on the surface structures is avoided; and
Controlled blasting will be done near built-up areas and surface features, as
and when required.
The ecology and biodiversity of the mining area is disturbed due to degradation of
vegetation cover, especially due to loss of forest lands. The impact on ecology
and biodiversity is assessed through site reconnaissance by the concerned
ecology expert and interpretation of impacts is presented below.
subjective. Attempts have been made from time to time to measure or quantify
the impacts. The result is the development of Impact matrices such as the Check
lists, Leopold Matrix, Composite matrices etc. During the recent years, many
changes have been made by different investigators in order to minimize
subjectivity and to increase objectivity. Not all impacts are same. Loss of 100 ha
of barren area on account of mining and loss of 100 ha of dense forest due to
mining can’t be the same. The impacts of an activity on Eco sensitive areas such
as Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere reserves or other life
supporting systems can’t be the same. It should also be noted that the impacts
depend on the carrying capacity of the ecosystem or receptors. For instance,
even a mild increase of atmospheric pollution in a critically polluted area will have
greater adverse impact. Thus, the baseline information should also be taken in to
account while preparing the impact statement.
The matrix approach is reasonably flexible. The total number of specified actions
and environmental items may increase or decrease depending on the nature and
scope of the study and the specific TOR for which the environmental impact
study is undertaken. After an extensive review of literature and vast practical
experience in the field of survey and study of impacts of various projects on
Ecology and Biodiversity, the following procedure and protocols have been
developed by the author.
The overall impact of calculated as the sum of the impacts. If we use the
similar process and calculate the overall impacts on air, water, soil,
socioeconomic aspects along with Ecology and biodiversity, we can get the
grand sum of impacts.
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Impact statement for the 12 MTPA coal mine of 1818.10 ha of the NTPC PVUNL is
given in Table-4.27.
TABLE-4.27
IMPACT MATRIX OF THE 12 MTPA COAL MINE OF PVUNL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT IS BASED ON THE EXISTING SCENARIO
There are four schedule I species in the study area. List of Schedule I species
reported from the buffer zone is given in Table-4.28. Among the four species in
the list, two are not included in the Red list and they are included under the least
concern (LC) category. Sloth Bear is in the lower risk Vulnerable (VU) category
while Python is in a lower risk NT Category. None of the fauna found in the study
area is in the higher risk categories of the IUCN. All the four are reported from
the forest areas of the buffer zone and they are well beyond the direct impacts of
mining.
TABLE-4.28
LIST OF SCHEDULE I SPECIES REPORTED FROM
THE BUFFER ZONE OF THE MINE LEASE
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1. With the help of local people and employees of the company watch will be kept
on the wild life as well as illegal tree felling Forest and forest department will
be informed if such a incident occurs to take legal action against the offenders
if necessary help of forest department will be taken to see by any such
stranded animals, particularly sloth bear if it strays to the Railway Line area to
a safer area. Fruit trees, like Mahua (madhucalati folia) Tendu
(diospyrosmelanoxylon) and Jamun (syzygiumcumini) etc will be planted for
sloth bear;
2. Providing Food and Fodder through enrichment of floral Components: Massive
tree planting activities will be taken up through Forest Development
corporation/Forest Department in the adjoining area of forest Land as well is
Revenue Land of Villages. The fruit bearing tree and flowering trees will be
given preference to the benefit of wildlife and human being as well;
3. Encourage Local Villages to Grow Trees On their Field Bunds/Court Yard etc: In
Consultation with Forest Department, the Company will provide some saplings
of tree species important for wood, timber and fuel will be distributed to the
Villagers. Bamboo will be another important species with environmental &
economic value. this no doubt, will help reduce Dependence on Forest, as a
result the ecological condition of the area will improve and they will be
attracted to this area; and
4. For The Benefit of Sloth Bear: - Of any bear is either stranded in danger, with
the help of forest department will be translocated to a place, that the
department will chose. the local people of the area with the financial help from
the company will be taught how to deal with the beer so as to avoid the danger
to each other. Company will provide the necessary financial support to the
Forest department for training programme.
Conservation Plan for Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)
Roles and Responsibilities of the Project Proponent (PP) and State Forest and
Wildlife Department (SF&WD) in Conservation of Schedule-I Species is shown in
Table-4.29.
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TABLE-4.29
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT (PP) AND
STATE FOREST AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT (SF&WD) IN
CONSERVATION OF SCHEDULE I SPECIES
The responsibilities and role of User Agency or Project Proponent and the State
Forest and Wildlife Department (SF and WD) in case of conservation of Schedule I
species are under the legal jurisdiction, which is given below along with the
budget for first one year. The conservation plan shall be revised in consultation
with state forest and wild life department after one year based on the outcome of
first year.
Work to be executed by the User Agency or Project Proponent and the State
Forest and Wildlife Department for wildlife conservation in the core and buffer
area are included in Table-4.30.
TABLE-4.30
WORK TO BE EXECUTED BY THE USER AGENCY & THE STATE FOREST AND
WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT
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The Banhardih coal block project of PVUNL covers villages of Udaypura, Sabano,
Jagaldaga, Banhardi, Surli, Rampur, Ete, Barwadih, Tota and Bari. The project will
acquire 1828.27 acres of private land from the ten villages. All households of the
ten villages will be affected as either their lands or houses will be acquired for the
coal mining project.
The villages in the periphery will also be affected as a result of the project. Some
of the villages located in the periphery of the coal mining project have also been
taken for study. These villages are Renchi, Darea, Tarhasi, Zalim Khurd, Latdag,
Aragunde, Sasang, Serak, Ambatiker and Kaima. A socio-economic assessment of
the sampled households in the peripheral villages will also be taken as part of the
socio-economic study.
The mining project will affect the core villages directly, but will also indirectly
affect the villages situated in the peripheral areas. Therefore, the peripheral
villages situated in 10 km radius around the project sites, have also been studied.
The Banhardih coal block project has a total lease area of 4492.51 acres
(1818.10 ha) covering 10 villages under Chandwa and Latehar block, district
Latehar. Out of this, 1362.10 (30.32 %) acres is Notified Forest land, 75 (1.67
%) acres is Forest JJ Land, 1228.23 (27.34%) acres GM La and and 1827.18
(40.67%) acres Raiyati land. No GM JJ Land will be acquired for the Project.
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In the core project area, based on the social household survey, 659 (68.43 %)
households would be losing land only, 135 (14.02 %) would be losing house only
and 169 (17.55 %) households would be home as well as land oustees, due to
the project. Out of the total 1592 HSOs, majority i.e. 356 PAFs are from Bari
village, where 281 PAFs are land oustees and 75 PAFs would be losing home and
land. Village total has 1592 PAFs who are home oustees only.
Land possession has been categorized for those 1592 HSOs who will be losing
land, house or both. Categorization has been done on the basis of those HSOs
owning 0–1-acre land to PAFs owning more than 4 acres land. Out of 1592 HSOs,
there are 436 HSOs owning 1–2-acre land and 333 PAFs owning 0–1-acre land.
There are 116 HSO s who have 2–3-acre land, 57 PAFs who have 2-3 acres land
and 21 HSOs who have more than 4 acres land area in the core villages.
Demographic Profile of Respondents
Household in PAVs
As per the primary data, 2618 households were surveyed during the study. There
are 13361 members or the total population in the 10 villages. The highest
population is that of village Bari which is the largest in terms of area and
households. The least number of households i.e., 41 with population of 207 exists
in village Tota.
There are 1592 HSOs who will be losing land and home. The compensation
package for land loosing families of Banhardih Coal Block Project area has been
prepared in consonance with the JRRP, 2008 and RFCTLARR 2013.
The compensation package or the R&R Entitlement Matrix for PAFs of Banhardih
coal block project area will be prepared in consonance with the JRRP 2008 and
RFCTLARR 2013. The compensation package for PAFs will be worked out as per
the provision of JRRP 2008 subject to the current CPI. The CPI of the current year
for 1592 HSOs will be taken into consideration while calculating compensation
packages. Absentee PAFs should also be considered when they come forward for
the claim.
PVUNL is committed to help the population displaced for execution of its projects
and has been making efforts to improve the Socio-economic status of project
Affected Families (PAFs). In line with its social objectives, the company has
focused on effective Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) of PAPs and also on
Community Development (CD) works, in and around its projects.
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The compensation and other R&R benefits will be fixed as per the Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in land acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCT LARR Act, 2013) which is applicable since
01.01.2014. PP has revised its R&R Policy to incorporate R&R entitlements as per
RFCT LARR Act, 2013 as also retained NTPC’s good practices / guidelines on
facilities to be extended for Project Affected Families (PAFs)
In addition to this, in line with NTPC’s Policy and practices, various Community
Development (CD) activities in the areas of health, water, sanitation, skill
development, training, infrastructure etc., will be taken up.
This project will have a positive impact on the population growth, as it will
provide some employment to the families in the nearby villages. Preference will
be given to local unemployed youth for employment during development of mine
and in operation of mine which will enhance substantially the income status of
population of the area and due to migration of people from outside area will be
having impact on the area.
The literacy level of the project area is likely to increase as there will be influx of
many educated people taking up jobs in the mine, which is likely to result in
establishment of better educational facilities. PVUNL will further strengthen the
government schools, infrastructure by providing furniture, construction/repairing
of class rooms, boundary, toilets etc. PVUNL will also provide scholarship to
students, assistance to sports persons etc.
Civic Amenities
The impact of mining on the civic amenities will be substantial after the
commencement of mining activities. Corporate Environmental Responbility
/comprehensive community development (CD) activities would be taken up in a
big way for the benefit of the community at large. This would include up gradation
of community infrastructure like schools, health centres, drinking water facilities,
sanitation, drainage, roads, community buildings and other such infrastructure as
per need and requirement, restoration of common property resources, if any
adversely affected by the project etc.
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Economic Aspects
The proposed mining activities will provide direct and in-direct employment to
persons of different skills and trades. The local population will have preference to
get an employment. The employment potential will improve economic conditions
of these families directly and provide employment to many other families
indirectly who are involved in business and service-oriented activities. This will in-
turn improve the socio-economic conditions of the area. The proposed mining will
also help development of ancillary industries. These will further boost the
economic avenues for the local population.
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5.1 Introduction
Banhardih coal block is site specific, no alternatives sites have been considered.
Environmental considerations and protection measures assume greater
importance for the project. Company shall ensure that the proposed mine causes
minimum adverse impact on the area.
The proposed project is planned to meet all environmental norms and further
improve the environment in the area. Regular environmental monitoring will be
carried out by the company at the mine site in line with the requirements of the
Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board (JSPCB) and Ministry of Environment,
Forests and Climate Change (MOEF&CC).
Coal produced by surface miner will be dispatched to power plant directly while
coal produced through drilling and blasting will be subjected to primary crushing
to reduce the size less than 100 mm. Overburden excavation through drilling &
blasting while removal through shovel dumper combination.
Surface miner-loader and truck technology is best suited for mining of coal
seams of gentle gradient with few geological disturbances. This technology
eliminates use of explosives as there is no blasting and crushing, making it most
sought-after technology wherever applicable. It is strongly recommended to use
surface miner for coal winning because of following reasons:
Mining without drilling and blasting and thus no vibration and fly rock, less
dust and noise generation and greater safety;
Improved exploitation of the deposit and enhanced quality of ROM (Run of
Mine) product by highly selective mining;
Stable, clean surfaces and benches;
Reduced operating cost due to less equipment and personnel;
Several working steps are realized by only one machine, leading to easier
coordination and process planning during planning, dispatching and
maintenance;
One surface miner replaces equipment for drilling, blasting, loading and
auxiliary works i.e. boulder splitting; and
All the coal seams of the opencast portion of the block has been proposed to
be mined by surface miner technology. The coal loaded truck movement has
been restricted within the face only.
Dragline
Dragline is suitable for flat deposits preferably having a gradient not more than
7° to permit back dumping of over burden in de-coaled area. The over burden is
usually dumped on seam floor very near to the coal bench, leaving space
sufficient only for water drainage and also to reduce mixing of over burden with
coal. If the coal seam gradient is not flat, the dumped over burden will slide
towards the coal area preventing coal extraction besides being dangerous. The
strike length of the mine area will be 1.5 to 2.0 km or more so that the dragline is
not required to be frequently shifted from one end to the other. The mine should
be free from all geological disturbances. A dragline system works with a rigid
operational geometry and frequent changes in the geometry may be difficult to
implement without heavy loss of efficiency. Hence, it is not suitable for multi-
seam working, hence not considered.
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6.1 Introduction
Ambient air inside the mining premises and over burden dump premises will be
monitored as per method prescribed by CPCB / MOEF&CC and as desired by SPCB
from time to time. The numbers and frequencies are therefore only suggestive.
One continuous online ambient air quality monitoring station (CAAQMS) will be
installed at the administration building, connected with data logger and real time
display facility. Parameters recommended for continuous monitoring are PM 10,
PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO. The ambient air quality data will be compared with
NAAQS 2009.
Frequent AAQ monitoring will be also done at total 08 locations, which include 3
locations in core zone and 5 locations in buffer zone (including upwind and
downwind direction) which fall in nearby surrounding villages of the mine. The
above monitoring will be done by any reputed external agencies approved by
MOEF&CC/JSPCB.
The monitoring height will be kept more than 3 m from ground level. The stations
will not have any obstacles and will be kept 500 m away from major roads. The
ambient air quality data will be compared with NAAQS, 2009.
Frequency of Monitoring
Air quality monitoring will be carried out at a frequency of once in fortnight (24
hourly sampling) in consultation with Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board
(JSPCB), at identified locations in the core and buffer zone. The frequency of
ambient air quality monitoring is given in Table-6.1.
TABLE-6.1
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING SCHEDULE
Meteorological Monitoring
Online meteorological monitoring station for wind direction, wind speed, ambient
temperature, ambient pressure, rainfall and relative humidity measurement will
be installed to study the upwind and downwind directions, assess and evaluate
the ambient air quality results and check the effectiveness of air pollution
prevention measures. The meteorological station will be installed at the roof top
Monitoring frequency for noise levels will be done once in a month. MOEF&CC has
stipulated that noise levels have to be monitored between 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM
for day-time and 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM for night-time. The frequency of noise
monitoring is given in Table-6.2.
TABLE-6.2
FREQUENCY OF NOISE LEVEL MONITORING
TABLE-6.3
WATER & WASTEWATER MONITORING SCHEDULE
Mining is major cause of soil erosion and land degradation. However, to conserve
soil, top soil shall be stored separately. Physical and chemical parameters with
organic content will be monitored once in six months. Two locations-one near to
over burden dump area and one near coal stack yard will be monitored inside the
mining project while two locations in surrounding areas will be monitored.
Periodical survey (generally once in two year) of flora & fauna at surrounding
forests and nearby villages will be done by visual checks by the Ecologists of
Environmental Monitoring Consultant (EMC) to assess the impact of project. The
impact on aquatic life, if any, in downstream water bodies will also ascertained
through an ecologist.
Socio-Economic Environment
This will be reviewed once in 3 years to ensure that the planned improvements in
various services to local community under CD/CER/CSR/R&R, actually accrue to
the local community on the ground and to make up for deficiencies, if any.
Occupational Health and Safety Aspects
Occupational health of staff and workers will be initially carried out at pre-entry
level and later on regular medical check-up in this respect will be continuously
extended on an annual basis to detect early incidence of diseases and for prompt
remedial medical interventions in this respect. Necessary personal data cards in
this respect will be maintained for effective monitoring and application of medical
services required in the matter. Copy of health check-up card will be given to
workers / staff. All occupational health and safety activities will be done as per
DGMS guidelines.
Greenbelt Development
Frequent review of green belt development is necessary to ensure that the quality
and quantity of the green belt is maintained as per scheduled programmes
through frequent checks and prompt measures for rectification, if required. Good
survival rates of plants will be ensured during initial three years, after which the
plants will sustain a normal growth continuously.
TABLE-6.4
OVERALL MONITORING SCHEDULE
The monitored data on air quality, water quality, noise levels and other
parameters will be periodically examined by the Head of Environment
Management Group (EMG) for taking necessary corrective measures. Any critical
observations during monitoring will be reported to Mines Manager for taking
mitigation measures and preparation of action plan. The post project data will be
submitted to Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board (JSPCB) in Consent to
Operate (CTO) applications, Environmental statements every year and
Environment Clearance Compliance report to MOEF&CC. This group will also
communicate the environmental data regularly to PVUNL mining/EMG department
of PVUNL.
The total cost of the project is estimated about Rs. 5,546 Crores. The budget for
environmental monitoring for development & operational phases of the proposed
project has been estimated approximately Rs.1.0 Crores.
7.1 Introduction
Various additional studies are necessary to cover the specific impact of project
and its mitigation measures and action plan accordingly. These studies had been
carried out by the project proponent in compliance of the TOR accorded by
MOEF&CC.
The mining operation has various types of associated risks, hazards and
possibility of disasters which may be dangerous for man, property, and
equipment. Hence, it requires a detailed analysis and preventive action plan. In
this section, risk assessment, disaster management plan, emergency plans,
occupational health and safety plan, R & R, wildlife management, hydrogeology,
etc. are discussed.
The public consultation/ hearing has been conducted as per the EIA Notification
dated 14th September 2006 as well as its amendments dated 1st December, 2009.
The press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing were issued by
the SPCB in the prominent English and local newspaper giving project details
inviting suggestions, views, comments and objections from the public regarding
proposed Banhardih coal mine.
The public hearing with regard to date, place and time was announced in Public
Address System in nearby villages and also published in the English daily
newspaper Hindustan Times (Delhi and Ranchi edition), and Hindi daily
newspaper Prabhat Khabar, (Latehar edition) on 21.11. 2021.
The public hearing was organised by Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board on
29.12.2021 in Project High School, Sasang, Village-Ate, Panchayat-Bari, Tehsil –
Chandwa, District – Latehar for the proposed coal production capacity of 12 MTPA
in Banhardih Coal Mining Project of M/s Patratu Vidyut Nigam Limited (PVUNL),
mining lease area – 1818.10 ha., Villages – Ate, Banhardih, Bari, Barwadih,
Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, Tota and Renchi, Tehsil – Latehar and
Chandwa, District – Latehar.
‘Shri Alok Shikari Kachhap, Additional Collector, Latehar, Jharkhand’, ‘Shri R.N.
Kashyap, Regional functionary, Ranchi’, ‘Shri Gopal Kumar, Junior Environmental
Engineer, Regional Office, Ranchi’, ‘Shri Mithilesh Jha, Assistant Scientific Officer
(HQ), Ranchi’ and ‘Ms. Jyotsna, Consulting Executive (HQ), Ranchi’ of the
‘Pollution Control Board’ were also present in this public hearing.
The public hearing program started on time with the permission of the Chair. At
the outset, Shri Mukesh Kumar Karan, General Manager, PVUNL welcomed the
villagers and the functionaries present in the public hearing.
Project information was given by Shri B.K. Choudhury of M/s Vimta Labs Limited,
Hyderabad, Environmental Consultant of the Unit.
The newspaper advertisements for the public hearing in English & local
newspapers (Hindi) are provided in Figure-7.1 (A) & Figure-7.1(B). The public
hearing photographs are attached as Figure-7.2.
Copy of the executive summary both in English & Hindi made also available in the
following offices & the same were uploaded, which can be accessed by the Public
from the website ‘www.jspcboard.org’, free of cost.
FIGURE-7.1(A)
NOTICE FOR PUBLIC HEARING– (ENGLISH NEWS PAPER)
FIGURE-7.1(B)
NOTICE FOR PUBLIC HEARING– (HINDI NEWS PAPER)
FIGURE-7.2
PUBLIC HEARING PHOTOGRAPHS
After that, it was told by the Regional functionary, Ranchi that the questions,
problems and suggestions raised in the public hearing would be answered by the
unit management, which would be compiled and sent to the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.
The budget allocated towards for forest diversion/ mine closure & environment
management plan (EMP) is given in Table-7.1(A), detailed breakup of the
budget allocated towards Environment Management Plan (EMP) is given in
Table-7.1 (B) and budget allocated for CSR activities during Public Hearing
issues is given in Table-7.1(C). The response of project proponent for individual
participants along with budget allocation is given in Table-7.1(D). The Minutes
of Meeting (MOM) of the ‘Public Hearing’ is attached as Annexure-XV.
TABLE-7.1(A)
BUDGET ALLOCATED TOWARDS FOR FOREST DIVESRION/
MINE CLOSURE & ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
TABLE-7.1(B)
DETAILED BREAK UP OF THE BUDGET ALLOCATED TOWARDS
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
TABLE-7.1(C)
BREAK UP OF THE BUDGET ALLOCATED TOWARDS CSR ALONG WITH TIME LINE
The expenditure of Rs 125 Crores shall be carried out in the entire life of the mine
i.e 30 years considering Rs 5 / ton of production.
This includes Rs 45 Crores for CD / CSR (Activities including Rs. 13.8 Crores for
Core Development + Rs. 9.6 Crores for peripheral development), Rs 50 Crores for
CPR and other initial community development works. In addition to above an
expenditure of Rs 30 Crores shall be deliberated in consultation with stake holders
and District Administration for the life of the project for development of
infrastructure, health, education, training and skill development program.
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TABLE-7.1(D)
ACTION PLAN FOR ISSUES RAISED BY PARTICIPANTS DURING PUBLIC HEARING
Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
1 Sri Lal Kishore It was informed by him that the It was informed by the Project Proponent that Area Development & CD/ 0-5 years after obtaining all
Nath Shahdev, area should be developed. PM10 particles do not fly beyond 500 meter. CSR: necessary clearance and
Bari Village Further, the mining will be done by the help of approvals
latest available technologies to reduce dust An amount of Rs. 50.00 Lakhs
pollution and hence, the impacts shall be limited has been allocated for the FY
When a project starts, a standard to 10 km. 2021-22 towards CD/ CSR
scale of impact is up to an area of activities.
10 km, but a mining project can As per the TOR accorded under EIA Notification
dated 14th September 2006, environmental impact The following provisions have
have an impact of more than a 10 been kept towards CD/ CSR
km area. assessment has been carried out within 10km
radius from the outermost boundary. Activities during mining phase:
The measures mentioned for However, besides the core zone, the pollution (a) Rs. 45 Crores for CSR/ CD
pollution control are not monitoring will also be done in 10-15 km radius, Activities including Rs. 13.8
implemented. What measures will the report of which shall be made available to Crores for Core
be taken to reduce the effects of Pollution department & CPCB. Development + Rs. 9.6
pollution? Crores for peripheral
Action Plan for Area Development development
(a) Detailed studies on the need-based activities (b) Rs. 50 Crores for
have been conducted in the core area for the replacement of common
identification of suitable CSR/CD activities. property resources.
(b) The necessary CSR/CD activities with respect Pollution Control &
to development of the area will be taken on Environmental Management
top priority in consultation with the project Activities:
affected persons through regular meetings
and interactions. An amount of Rs. 11.73 Crores
towards environmental
(c) Company will undertake works in the field of pollution control activities /
health, education & development of the area Environment Management has
in consultation with the villagers & raiyats and been earmarked.
in collaboration with them.
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Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
(d) Medical facilities, Roads, Electrical
Infrastructure, drinking water, education shall
be undertaken through CSR/CD activities.
PVUNL will try to engage local people for
executing CSR/ CD works
Action Plan for Dust Pollution Control:
(a) After 4-5 years the over burden shall be
dumped inside the mining area.
(b) Wherever there is dust pollution, water
sprinkling will be done to stop air pollution as
long as mining is done.
(c) Adoption of latest mining technology i.e.
deployment of surface miner for cutting &
extraction of coal, minimal use of explosive,
and implementation of controlled Blasting
technique if Blasting is required so that
generation of vibration, noise and dust can be
minimized. This will reduce & control sound
pollution.
(d) Company shall carry out periodic inspection/
measurement of air, water & noise pollution &
soil testing.
(e) Coal rakes will be covered with tarpaulin
sheet during transportation.
(f) Company will install display boards which will
display ambient air quality parameters. PM10.
PM2.5, SOX, NOX etc parameters will be
displayed continuously.
(g) The concentration of NO2 and CO may also
increase due to increased vehicular traffic
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Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
movement. As most of the equipment will be
mobile, the emissions are likely to be fugitive.
The dust generated will also be fugitive in
nature, which will be controlled by suitable
mitigation measures like sprinkling of water.
The impacts will be localized in nature and the
areas outside the project boundary are not
likely to have any adverse impact with respect
to pollution.
Action Plan for Water Pollution Control
(a) Company will try its best to prevent water
pollution. River water will not be used for
mining purpose. Water coming out through
seepage due to mining will be used for all
purposes.
(b) Implementation of suitable measures like
water spraying, development of greenbelt will
be implemented to control the air borne dust.
(c) During mining top soil will be preserved in the
adjoining area of mining. During reclamation
top soil will be covered above the overburden.
After that greenbelt will be developed on that
area.
The pollution control measures for all the
environmental attributes are detailed in Chapter 2
and Chapter 4 of the EIA Report and the same will
be implemented during commissioning of work at
mine lease area after obtaining EC.
2 Sri. Rajendra How will the dust particles Response and Action Plan Pollution Control & 0-5 years after obtaining all
Yadav, Barwadih generated by mining be Environmental Management necessary clearance and
Village controlled? As most of the equipment will be mobile, the Activities: approvals
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Page: C7-11
Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
emissions are likely to be fugitive. The dust An amount of Rs. 11.73 Crores
generated will also be fugitive in nature, which will towards environmental
be controlled by suitable mitigation measures like pollution control activities /
sprinkling of water Environment Management has
been earmarked..
3 Sri. Satendra When the company does mining, Action Plan for Drop in Ground Water Level Pollution Control & 0-5 years after obtaining all
Prasad Yadav, there will be a pit, due to which Environmental Management necessary clearance and
Sikni Village the water level in the area around To control the ground water level all necessary Activities: approvals
the mining will go down, then Efforts shall be taken to keep the water positivity.
what will be the arrangement of The following measures will substantiate ground An amount of Rs. 11.73 Crores
the company for that the water water recharge to reduce the impact of lowering towards environmental
level does not go down. water table in the vicinity and downstream due to pollution control activities /
ground water abstraction from bore wells and Environment Management has
This is a poor area, if coal mines dewatering from mine pits: been earmarked which includes
will open here, people from here rainwater harvesting and nala
who go outside and work will be a (a) Rainwater harvesting; protection measures
matter of misfortune. People here
should get employment. (b) Settling-cum-recharge ponds;
He read out the demand of the (c) Recharge wells along diversion channels and
people. On behalf of the tenants, stream course; and
he said that according to the
recent survey, there is a lot of (d) Water collection sumps in mine pits.
discrepancy in the land papers. It
should be corrected by setting up
Action Plan for Return of Land
camps in the village. Proper
compensation of land and After 30 years, the land will be handed over to the
employment was demanded from government after closing it under the mine
the company. closure plan.
After the extraction of coal, the
Action Plan for R&R Activities and
land will be returned to the
Employment:
tenants after leveling the land.
R&R Activities shall be implemented in compliance
Roads falling in rural areas should R&R Activities
with the RFCTLARR ACT 2013 & Govt directives.
be kept in residential category.
Along with land compensation to the affected Tentative cost of R&R Plan and
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Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
A demand was made to resettle family, a lumpsum amount as per RFCTLARR Act Benefits is Rs. 1070 Crores
the displaced tenants in the said shall be given by the company in lieu of job to subject to approval by Govt. of
area before displacing them. each family. Jharkhand.
Provision should be made by the Project affected family along with land Area Development & CD/
company to the people for all the compensation, each family having members CSR:
arrangements like irrigation, above 18 years of age will get Rs 5 lakh
education, employment, health, compensation in lieu of direct employment An amount of Rs. 50.00 Lakhs
plantation, he said. has been allocated for the FY
Preferential employment shall be ensured through 2021-22 towards CD/ CSR
Any work should be done only the contractors/ sub-contractors and efforts shall activities.
after getting the compensation for be made to employ local persons as much as
the said land. possible. PVUNL shall create opportunities for The following provisions have
indirect employment in the field of vehicle hiring, been kept towards CD/ CSR
labors, trading of construction material, Activities during mining phase:
carpenters etc. However, this is subject to the
availability of vacancies & suitable skill set (a) Rs. 45 Crores for CSR/ CD
required for the job. Activities including Rs. 13.8
Crores for Core
For mining activities, work on acquired land will Development + Rs. 9.6
be done after disbursement of land compensation Crores for peripheral
as decided by the State Government. development
Action Plan for Area Development: (b) Rs. 50 Crores for
development of common
Details Provided in S. No 1 above. property resources.
4 Sri Lal Motinath He welcomed the NTPC’s coal Action Plan for Pollution Control: Pollution Control & 0-5 years after obtaining all
Shahdev, Ate project. Environmental Management necessary clearance and
Village Details Provided in S. No 1 above Activities: approvals
There is a lot of pollution problem
in whatever coal field is there. The An amount of Rs. 11.73 Crores
norms related to the environment towards environmental
should be complied with. Action Plan for Acquisition of Land for pollution control activities /
Railway Corridor: Environment Management has
How will they reduce the pollution been earmarked.
caused by the transportation of Land Acquisitions shall be undertaken as per 0-3 years after obtaining all
RFCTLARR ACT 2013, Forest (Conservation) Act, necessary clearance and
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Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
coal? 1980 and other Govt directives. R&R Activities approvals
Land acquisition of 70 meters On both sides of railway track, left over small Tentative cost of R&R Plan and
wide is proposed for the railway portion of land, letter has been given to DC Benefits is Rs. 1070 Crores
corridor. He expressed Latehar. Company will act according to the subject to approval by Govt. of
apprehension that the railway instructions & guidance of District Administration. Jharkhand.
corridor would be constructed by
Mining activities on acquired land will be done
acquiring forest land and
only after disbursement of land compensation as
Gairmajarua land. But the tenancy
decided by the State Government and obtaining
land will remain the same. They
all clearances including environment and forest
demanded that the tenancy land
clearance.
which is left next to 70 meters
should also be acquired and Action Plan for R&R Activities and
included in the railway corridor. It Employment:
should be complied with before
environmental clearance, Details Provided in S. No 3 above
otherwise they will be in
opposition to environmental
clearance.
He requested to link up the
villagers with employment.
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Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
through rapid loading system and to be Environment Management has
dispatched through the railways. The coal will be been earmarked.
transported from Banhardih to Patratu STPP by
rail, which is at distance of approximate 95 km by
rail.
6 Sri Lal Manojnath How will dust-particles be Action Plan for Control of Dust During Coal Pollution Control & 0-5 years after obtaining all
Shahdev, Sikni controlled in the vicinity due to Transportation: Environmental Management necessary clearance and
Village mining? Details Provided in S. No 1 above. Activities: approvals
For mining, blasting has to be Action Plan for R&R Activities and An amount of Rs. 11.73 Crores
done, due to which vibration is Employment: towards environmental
generated. Vibration causes pollution control activities /
cracks in houses etc., and there Details Provided in S. No 3 above. Environment Management has
are other problems. How such a been earmarked.
problem will be handled and
needs attention. The local people will be preferred for non-technical Area Development & CD/
jobs within the mine lease area. CSR:
The provision made by the
company does not seem to imply An amount of Rs. 50.00 Lakhs
that no one will be able to get has been allocated for the FY
employment. It was ensured that the company will take up all 2021-22 towards CD/ CSR
the activities proposed and take up the confidence activities.
He praised the initiative taken by of the people. It was also ensured that the
the local MLA. Expressed education, health and employment including The following provisions have
happiness with the coming of the providing vocational training to the unemployed been kept towards CD/ CSR
project but the assurance being
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Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
given by the company should not youth as a part of CSR activities Activities during mining phase:
be deceived.
(c) Rs. 45 Crores for CSR/ CD
He urged them to ensure Activities including Rs. 13.8
education, health and Crores for Core
employment. Development + Rs. 9.6
Crores for peripheral
development
Rs. 50 Crores for development
of common property resources.
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No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
should be rectified and online
receipt should be acknowledged Action Plan:
from register-2. Camps should be
organized in village to village to (a) PVUNL will take up the matter with State
rectify the paper-related mess Government for correction of land records.
related to land.
(b) For employment and CSR activities may
He requested NTPC to provide please refer Sl no-3 (b) & 3(c).
information to the tenants on all
the subjects like employment,
(c) PVUNL shall ensure the implementation of
R&R policy/ Guidelines as per the State
drinking water, education, health. Govt. R&R Policy i.e JRRP 2008/ the
RFCTLARR Act 2013 in consultation with
What benefits will the tenants, Dist. Administration.
and the displaced get when this
project comes?
9 Sri Land is the right of people to Action Plan: 0-5 years after obtaining all
RameshwarUrao, survive. The forest lease which PVUNL shall follow and implement the norms and necessary clearance and
Sikni Village has been accorded under the guidelines of State government & Forest approvals
Forest Rights Rules is also lost Department.
towards land acquisition. The
forest lessee should also get
compensation.
10 Sri Basudev Land acquisition is required for About 463.18 ha biologically reclaimed land will Pollution Control & 0-5 years after obtaining all
Prasad Yadav, plantation, whether the company be handed over to the Forest department. Thus, Environmental Management necessary clearance and
Sasang Village has land available for plantation. the total biologically reclaimed area shall be Activities: approvals
It was heard from the company 1247.74 ha for all considerations. Few flora
that tree plantation would be done species are suggested for greenbelt development An amount of Rs. 11.73 Crores
to keep the environment safe. or safety zone plantation, periphery or boundary towards environmental
plantation, avenue plantations and block pollution control activities /
What will the company do to stop plantation are Dalbergia sissoo, Mimusops elengi, Environment Management has
the migration of tenants? Terminalia chebula etc. been earmarked.
The job of loading the coal coming Regarding prevention of the migration of tenants
out from here should be done by and local employment, preference will be given to
the local people of the area and in the local population for direct and in-direct An amount of Rs. 50.00 Lakhs
this project, more and more employment. The proposed project may create is allocated for the FY 2021-22
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No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
laborers should be kept local and opportunities for indirect employment in the field towards CSR activities.
take care of the education and of vehicle hiring, labours, trading of construction
health of the children. material, carpenters etc.
The company may arrange for Action Plan:
proper arrangement of housing.
(a) Tree plantation shall be done both in Mining
and Non mining area and also for
Compensatory Afforestation as per the
norms & guidelines of Ministry of Forest &
Environment /State Forest Dept.
11 Sri Gajendra How will the company stop water Action Plan for Control of Pollution: Pollution Control & 0-5 years after obtaining all
Yadav, Village:- pollution, noise pollution, air Details provided in S. No 1 above. Environmental Management necessary clearance and
Barwadih pollution? Activities: approvals
Panchayat - Bari Action Plan for R&R and Employment:
what will be the provision by the Details provided in S. No 1 above. An amount of Rs. 11.73 Crores
company for rehabilitation and towards environmental
employment of the displaced pollution control activities /
people. Environment Management has
been earmarked.
12 Sri Lal Ranjan Where will the house be made for Action Plan: - 0-1 years after obtaining all
Nath Shahdev, those tenants who will be necessary clearance, approvals
Sikni Village displaced from here, as we all PVUNL shall follow & implement the directives of and before starting of mine.
know that Khatiyan of 1932 is State Government and it will be as per the R& R
required to make any paper? Policy.
Where will the housing be built for
the next generation? What is the
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No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
solution for that?
13 Sri Jagatmani What measures do you have in It shall be complied with the RFCTLARR Act 0-3 years after obtaining all
Baidh, Bari the rehabilitation of the displaced 2013/R&R policy. necessary clearance and
Village and by what percentage will you approvals
be able to eliminate the problems
caused by it. You get the solution Action Plan
and disposal of this problem
PVUNL has its own web site, all the relevant
upload or make available on the
information shall be made available for the
internet so that today's youth can
beneficiaries & Stake holders.
also get information easily.
15 Sri Kameshwar What will be the arrangement for 0-3 years after obtaining all
the rehabilitation of the displaced? Action Plan: necessary clearance and
Yadav, Banhardih
Village What will be the employment May please refer point mentioned in Acton plan approvals
arrangement for the displaced? in Sl No- 14 (a) & (b).
How to get the necessary
documents of our children when
Khatiyani is gone.
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Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
16 Sri Saroj Devi, The displacement policy of 0-3 years after obtaining all
Sasang Village Jharkhand should be clearly Action Plan necessary clearance and
placed so that the rural people of It is available in the official web site of State approvals
the coal block of Banhardih area Govt Jharkhand and also in the office of PVUNL
will give their votes. at Latehar.
17 Sri uresh Yadav, This area is full of mineral wealth, Action Plan An amount of Rs. 50.00 Lakhs 0-5 years after obtaining all
Sasang Village yet people here migrate from here is allocated for the FY 2021-22 necessary clearance and
for employment. How will the towards CSR activities. approvals
company reduce this migration May please refer action plan mentioned Sl no-3
(b).
and provide employment to
unemployed, educated youth.
18 Sri Rajendra How will the Auranga River and Auranga river flows from south-east to north-west - 0-5 years after obtaining all
Singh, Sasang Ghaghari River be freed from up to the western boundary of the ML area at a necessary clearance and
Village being polluted? minimum distance of 1.80 km towards south and approvals
flows out of the study area from west. The
elevations of ML area and Auranga River in the
east are 459.90 m and 430 m amsl respectively
and in the west are 409 m and 389 m amsl
respectively indicating that Auranga River flows at
approximately 20 to 30 m lower level than the ML
area. Hence, any flooding from Auranga River is
not envisaged.
Action Plan
PVUNL shall ensure for implementation of
wastewater recycling and ZERO discharge of
wastewater to surrounding.
19 Sri Avadhesh Under the Banhardih coal block Coal from the CHP will be transported through a
Kumar Yadav, project, 10 villages have been surface conveyor to the silos/load out point
Sasang Village mentioned. Under this, Ate, located at southern boundary of the block, loading
Sasang, Chetar and Aan villages into railway wagon (covered with tarpaulin)
have not been mentioned for the through rapid loading system and to be
REV. NO.:0
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C7-20
Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
railway corridor. If the railway dispatched through the railways. The coal will be
wagon passes through these transported from Banhardih to Patratu STPP by
villages, then how will the rail, which is at distance of approximate 95 km by
pollution in the surrounding area rail.
be reduced and controlled.
REV. NO.:0
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C7-21
Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
infrastructure.
22 Sri Binod Prasad Passing the railway line from Transportation of coal through Railway, shall be as
Yadav, Sasang Richighuta will be more beneficial per the feasibility study and directives from
Village so that Tubed and Banhardih are Railway, accordingly, it is envisaged for coal
also included and developed by transportation from Chetar to Patratu.
that line. Efforts should be made Action Plan
to link-up the youth with this For employment of youth, may please refer Sl no-
scheme. 3 (b).
23 Sri Umesh Prasad Transport of coal should also be Coal from the CHP will be transported through a 0-5 years after obtaining all
Yadav, Sasang done by road transport along with surface conveyor to the silos/load out point necessary clearance and
Village railway line so that maximum located at southern boundary of the block, loading approvals
employment can be generated. into railway wagon (covered with tarpaulin)
through rapid loading system and to be
dispatched through the railways. The coal will be
If the company will extract coal transported from Banhardih to Patratu STPP by
from mining, then what is your rail, which is at distance of approximate 95 km by
solution for water control? rail.
Action Plan
REV. NO.:0
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C7-22
Sr. Name Comments, Objections and Response from Project Proponent and Budget Timeline
No Suggestions Submitted Proposed Action Plan
thing. The proposed project may create opportunities for towards CSR activities. approvals
indirect employment in the field of vehicle hiring,
Spend 25% of the profit of the labours, trading of construction material,
company for the development of carpenters etc.
the area.
The expenditure on development of the area shall
An agreement / bond should be be as per guidelines of State Govt. The CSR
made with the local people so that activities will be taken up as per the scheme
the local people get benefits under developed by the company in consultation with all
the agreement. A request should stakeholders, which is on need based such as
be made to the Deputy education, health, infrastructure, livelihood etc.
Commissioner in this regard.
Company should work on
education, health, and
employment and build a An amount of Rs. 50 Lakhs is
playground. Action Plan
allocated towards CSR
(a) The expenditure amount for CD /CSR activities.
activities shall be as per the Company’s
Policy.
(b) For employment and CSR activities may
please refer Sl no-3 (b) & 3(c).
25 Sri Dhanesh Ram, First of all the land papers should Action Plan
Bari Village be corrected. In the recent
survey, there has been a mess in Please refer action plan mentioned in Sl. No. 8(a)
the land details. Farmers' land
should be corrected. I request the
Deputy Commissioner in this
regard.
The risks which may arise due to geo-mining conditions are evaluated and are
furnished below along with their suggested remedial measures.
Risk Identification
Mining operations will be carried out with utmost safety but there is always some
element of danger or risk involved in it. Mining and its allied activities are associated
with several potential hazards to both the employees and the public at large. A
worker in a mine should be able to work under conditions which are adequately safe
and healthy. At the same time, the environmental conditions should be such as not
to impair his working efficiency. This is possible only when there is adequate safety
in the mine workings.
The benches in the overburden rocks are proposed upto 10 m height 30 m width for
the operational zones. On these 30 m horizontal benches, regular movement of
dumpers and shovels shall take place. Any sudden failures of the vertical face would
cause dangerous situations to the top horizontal bench and would move large
quantity of debris to the lower horizontal benches, thereby causing serious mishap
to the equipment and persons deployed at both the horizontal bench. In order to
prevent such incidents, a comprehensive slope monitoring system will be
implemented under the safety management program of the mines. Implementation
Chapter-7 Additional Studies VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO:
Comprehensive Environmental Impact 2025/999/GOG/S/001
of Real time Slope Monitoring system such as SSR or MSR will be evaluated during
operational stage besides manual monitoring through EDM, crack meters etc. Any
chances of slope failure identified by the monitoring system will be attended with
highest priority and appropriate measures based on the type of failure will be
followed. Based on nature of failure, grouting, ground anchoring, retaining walls,
wire netting etc. methods will be adopted. Fault zones and other weak zones will be
monitored with added frequency.
An audit will be initiated at least one month prior to the onset of monsoon. Based on
the audit report, a monsoon planning will be prepared and implemented.
The surface dump has been benched at 30 m height. The overall slope has been
considered to 27deg. by leaving a 30 m wide berm between two successive
benches. This reduces the chances of OB slope failure and subsequent damages. At
any point of time, reverse sloping on the top of the dumps will be followed. Toe
drains and weep holes will be provided to drain out the water from the loose
overburdens. Terracing will be done as much as possible in the dump slopes before
plantation/ slopes will be covered through grass turfing. In few strategic areas,
covering through Geo-textiles will be evaluated and if found suitable shall be
implemented. Guard wall and retention walls of appropriate size shall be provided in
the toe of the dump. Backfilled dumps once stabilized shall be technically and
biologically reclaimed. Thus, failure of backfilled dumps in post closure phase is not
envisaged, except otherwise near the left out void area. The exposed dump surface
facing towards the temporary water body will be covered through wire netting, and
proper terracing will be done to prevent such failure. Regular dump slope
monitoring will be done through real time slope monitoring system and appropriate
preventive measures will be taken if such chances of failures are identified.
At the conceptual stage, there will be no remaining mined-out voids. The external
dump within the block boundary will be completely rehandled to fill up the voids.
The backfilled dump will be kept in the surface level.
The mining operation will be restricted to 300 m depth from the surface level.
Ground water accumulated during mining will be pumped and stored for plantation,
workshop and sprinkling usage.
A berm of 3 m all along the pit crest is planned to prevent entry of storm water
within the pit. This water will be channelised along the pit which will then follow the
natural course. A garland drain of 5-7 m width and about 4-5 m deep has been
planned along the lease boundary to channelize the storm water from the
catchment area. In the initial years, this garland drain will connect the natural
drainage through the central part of the block.
Chapter-7 Additional Studies VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO:
Comprehensive Environmental Impact 2025/999/GOG/S/001
The mine pit will receive water from three sources namely, direct precipitation
over excavated area, surface run-off from the surrounding area and seepage
from the strata. During heavy rainfall, the mine may get flooded due to ingress
of water from the higher ground through natural drainage. This may cause loss
of human life, equipment, etc. The mitigation measures are described below:
Sufficient pumping capacity shall be provided to deal with any abnormal rain
fall;
Wherever, there is undulations on the working floor, cutting and filling of strata
on the floor will be done, so that, smooth and proper passage of water towards
sump can take place;
The planning of de-watering of the mine to be done in such a way that as far as
possible the working faces and haul roads remain dry; and
The main pumps will handle the quantity of water inflow during a day of peak
rainfall in monsoon in excess of sump capacity and the accumulated water in
the sump will be pumped in 4-5 days.
Fly rock is another possible damage causing outcome of blasting. There are many
factors which influence fly rocks. These are like long explosive columns with
inadequate stemming column, improper burden, loose material or pebbles near
holes and long water columns in the holes.
The following control measures have been envisaged to reduce ground vibration
within statutory limits:
The peak particle velocity (PPV) of ground vibration will be kept below 10
mm/s for 8-25 hz frequency range through optimally controlled blasting
techniques, after necessary field trials;
Drilling and charging pattern will be formulated, with less explosives charge
etc, after field trials;
Use of suitable initiating sequence and millisecond detonators;
Reduction of amount of explosives charged per day optimally;
To contain fly rocks, stemming column will not be less than burden of the hole.
Blasting area will also be muffled, if necessary, to stop fly rocks propagation;
Blasting will not be carried out when strong winds are blowing towards
habitation areas. Blasting will be done during midday time and never at night;
Chapter-7 Additional Studies VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO:
Comprehensive Environmental Impact 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Spontaneous heating of coal may cause fire in its coal benches, coal yards etc.
Extraction of coal will be made maximum possible from the coal benches and
spillage coals will be removed before moving to another bench. This will reduce
the chances of fire. Never the less, if any coal benches are to remain idle for a
period more than 15 days, the same shall be properly dressed and cleaned from
loose coal or fines at the time of stoppage.
Crusher Operation
Coal crushers will be fitted with mist type sprinklers to avoid dust dispersions
generated from the coal crushers. All transfer points shall be covered with
hoods for dust collection. This will keep the good visibility in the operating
areas.
The part of the MGR has been planned within the project area and RLS will be
operational throughout the year. Since wagon movement has been planned
within the project area, manning in the railway crossings will be of utmost
importance. Besides manning, sirens will be blown beforehand of rail
movements. Every time the conveyor resumes after stoppages – proper
signaling will be provided. A comprehensive safety guidelines will be issued for
coal crushing and loading arrangements.
o All transportation within the main working should be carried out directly
under the supervision and control of the management;
o The vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at-
least once a week by the competent person authorized for the purpose by
the Management;
o Road signs should be provided at each and every turning point especially for
the guidance of the operators at the night;
o Generally, oversize rocks should be dealt within the pit by rock breaker.
However, for haul trucks at the dump with such oversize materials, load
consisting of large rocks must not be dumped over the edge. This is unsafe
and may damage equipment.
The present day technology of blasting with site mixed slurry (SMS) explosive
shall be used with millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube
initiation system. Detonators shall be stored in Magazine. Handling of explosives
will be done as per Indian Explosives Act 1884 and DGMS norms.
Significance of Risk Management/Safety Management System (SMS)
To minimize adverse effects of the risk, to which the workers are exposed in
execution of different activities. Risk management involves the entire staff in the
realization of safety improvement programme with responsibility and
accountability sharing proportionately with the decision making authority. The
Directorate General of Mines Safety issued following Technical Circular to
implement SMS:
Disaster Management Plan (DMP), a general plan of action for use in the event of
inundation, fire, high wall failure, dump failure or any other dangerous occurrence
or in the time of emergency.
Information stage;
Assessment stage; and
Action stage.
The Manager shall inform the Project Officer, General Manager and Nodal Officer to
initiate DMP and also rush to the spot/mine. The Nodal officer shall also rush to the
site and inform CGM (safety), All Directors, DGMS Authorities, District Magistrate &
Collector, Superintendent of Police, local dispensary & Chief Medical Officer.
Assessment Stage: This stage is about assessing the extent and impact of
damage caused by a disaster and the capacity of the affected population to meet its
immediate survival needs. Such assessments will identify the needs that require
external intervention and the gaps to be filled.
Action Stage: The Emergency Action Plan covers personnel employed at the coal
mines. The Emergency Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of
environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage
operation in the same order of priorities. The objective of the emergency plan is to
make use of the combined resources of the mine and the outside service to achieve
the following:
Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause
and circumstances of emergency. A broad outline for DMP is presented in Figure-
7.3.
FIGURE-7.3
STAGES OF DMP
The situation due to which emergency during the mine operation may start has
been briefed in the following section:
Emergency Situations Envisaged
Accident
Accident due to any reason resulting into fatality or serious body injury to one or
more persons or significant loss of property.
Danger of Fire
The proposed mine will be highly mechanized mine and diesel operated vehicles
will be deployed. Due to human error or any system failure, fire may be caused
which shall require urgent attention to deal with such danger. Other sources of
ignition may be power sub-station, short circuit in mine office and lightning.
Although bench widths are as per Coal Mines Regulations, 2017, some localised
instability may occur which may influence a relatively small area especially during
monsoon. A few small-scale failures may subsequently cause a big failure.
There shall be separate dumps for top soil and overburden. Due to heavy rain and
other reasons, water may accumulate on dump which may cause dump failure.
Social Unrest
Many of the operators in the proposed mine shall be employed from nearby
villages. Any fatality or serious bodily injury to these employees may disrupt
social harmony and mobilize villagers in great numbers. If situation further
aggravates, mob may become violent leading to destruction of property, arson
and even man handling.
Accidents at Site
For dealing with any minor accident at site, the Control Room will be equipped
with the following:
Inundation
The control room shall be the main co-ordinating center for emergency response
of the mine where a security guard shall always be present.
Control room, Time office, Security gate, and check post at mine entry shall be
equipped with wireless set for passing the information/ instructions.
Note: Whenever it rains heavily, all senior officers of PVUNL at site shall make
communication with control rooms about the condition of the mine and for any
help required for the shift, and also appraise or be in touch with Mines Manager
for any help required.
Fire
Necessary fire-fighting system has been envisaged for the proposed mine, which
includes fire hydrants at strategic locations at equal spacing of 25 to 35 m with
suitable water supply pipelines. Portable type fire extinguishers to deal with
electrical/oil/ordinary fires shall be provided at all strategic locations in the mine.
All fire extinguishers shall be inspected and maintained on monthly basis.
One fire tender and fire crew will be round-the-clock ready for fire-fighting and
rescue in any emergency situation. On receipt of any information about any fire,
the crew will reach the spot immediately and start firefighting operations
depending on source of fire.
Slope Failure
Designing the overall height of dumps within 30 m above ground level. Scientific
study may also be carried out for dump stability and design from reputed
scientific agency. Keeping dumps so graded at the top that water does not
accumulate at the top and is guided through drains made for the purpose.
Ensuring that soil/ sub soil does not get mixed up at deeper dump levels, say
below 10 meters from proposed dump top; with rocks, during dump formation.
The dumps shall be having only hard rocks below 10 meters from their surface
level. Soil/ sub soil would be put only on sterile dump tops, which are ready for
bio-reclamation.
Regular monitoring of pit slope for early detection of movement shall be done.
Over-man and shift in-charges shall visit the OB dump and benches in every shift
and if there is any presence of tension cracks and accumulation of water, then
remedial actions shall be taken immediately.
If explosive catches fire during transportation, then driver and supporting staff
should immediately leave the vehicle, if unconscious they must be removed from
vehicle. The bystanders and passerby must be informed that van is carrying
explosive therefore they should maintain safe distance of 100 m.
No attempt will be made to fire fight. After fire has calmed down, rescue and
recovery procedure shall follow. If there is no fire then driver and supporting staff
should leave/rescued from vehicle and inform passer-by and bystanders that
vehicle is carrying explosive therefore maintain safe distance of 100 m. Rescue
and recovery procedure shall follow. As a preventive measure, road from
Magazine to Mines shall be made well paved and levelled with appropriate traffic
signboards.
Proximity to any source of fire should be cleared off from magazine. Area should
be cleared off any dry vegetation, electric line. Magazine should be surrounded by
firebreak. Vehicles carrying explosives shall be parked at a safer distance and
ignition switched-off. In case of fire in non-explosive material, isolation of
explosive material must be ensured, if required by removal of as much explosive
as possible. In case of fire in explosive material No attempt shall be made to fire
fight.
Social Unrest
In order to handle such chaotic social unrest, it is envisaged that a Nodal person
namely “Village Liasioning Officer” (VLO), if required with a team, shall be
nominated by Head of the Project. Such village liasioning officer may have cordial
relations with prominent persons in that village and in general with most
villagers. VLO will attempt to diffuse the tension and pursue villagers to calm
down, eventually leading to dispersal of mob and clearing all the working areas.
Any person who notices any accident or emergency situation envisaged above
shall immediately communicate to area supervisor or any mine official (Mining
Sirdar/Overman/Shift Incharge) of PVUNL/MDO and to the time office through
Walky Talky or best available means of communication about the emergency
situation and take immediate step to control or aid with whatever appliance
available at the site to contain emergency situation to the extent possible and
without endangering himself and other unaffected persons.
2. Duty of Area Supervisor (Overman/Mining Sirdar)
After getting information of any emergency situation in the mine, he shall report
to the control room and he shall arrange the medical assistance and other
medical aids including the ambulance facilities. At the same time he shall co-
ordinate with the nearest hospitals and government health authorities.
transport facilities for the persons coming from outside for rescue and recovery
works.
Evacuation Plan
People will not to leave the designated assembly areas until they have been
directed to do so by the Supervisor in charge. This clearance will come from the
Emergency Coordinator.
Assembly points will be designated in the event of emergency: these are easily
approachable for the persons working in respective areas. Travel up to assembly
points will be made through LMVs, if no LMV nearby then any other suitable
means. Plan showing routes of evacuation to assembly points will be prepared
and reviewed periodically.
In India, the operations in Coal mines are regulated by the Mines Act, 1952 Mine
Rules – 1955, Coal Mine Regulation-1957 and several other statutes framed
thereunder. Directorate-General of Mines Safety (DGMS) under the Union Ministry
of Labour & Employment (MOL&E) is entrusted to administer these statutes. The
following are the statutes that are applicable in Coal mines for occupational health
and safety (OHS).
PVUNL will comply all above rules and regulations to manage occupational health
and safety in proposed coal mining project.
The major work-related health hazards associated with activities in opencast coal
mines are fugitive coal dust emissions, exposure to high heat, noise & vibrations,
storage and handling of chemicals and waste handling etc.
Coal Dust
Coal dust is a serious hazard in opencast coal mining, causing coal workers’
pneumoconiosis or ‘black lung’ and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The
risks have now been largely controlled by dust suppression, ventilation and
respiratory protection. To prevent fugitive dust emissions at coal handling plants,
dust suppressions and dust extraction system will be installed at dust prone
areas. Water sprinklers, covered belt conveyer will be used to prevent generation
of coal dust. Air-borne dust surveys will be conducted and necessary control
measures will be taken accordingly.
High Noise
Adequate protective measures in the form of ear muffs/ear plugs to the workers
working in high noise areas need to be provided. In addition reduction in noise
levels in the high noise machinery areas shall be achieved by adoption of suitable
preventive measures such as use of enclosures with suitable absorption material
and sound proof cabin etc. Work environment noise levels will be monitored
periodically. Periodic Audiometry test should be done for persons engaged in
operations/areas where noise levels exceed 90 dB(A).
High Heat
Stacked coal, which can generate heat or can spontaneously heating, will be
inspected regularly to detect any fire. During summers, HEMM have high
temperature and it may cause burning, heat stroke to workers. Air-conditioned
cabin for shovel and dumper may be provided as far as possible to prevent heat
stroke. Gloves and other PPE will also be provided to workers to avoid contact
with hot parts of HEMM.
Occupational Health Monitoring, Training and Awareness
The work environment will be monitored for occupational accidents, diseases and
dangerous occurrences. A proper record of the same will be maintained. The
following aspects will be adopted to ensure good health condition of employees
and workers.
Pre-employment check-up;
Awareness programme;
Routine check-up; and
Periodic vaccination programme etc.
Occupational Health Monitoring for Workers
Engagement of contractual workers will be done only after proper health check-up
and fitness certificate by approved medical practitioner through contractor/MDO.
Periodic Medical Examination (PME), as required under the Factories Act/Mines
Act shall be undertaken. However, the investigations performed under the PME
should be relevant to the job exposures. Since coal/ash handling workers are
prone to dust exposure related diseases, due attention is required to those
workers. In case of need, the frequency of PME may be scheduled, based on
observation of the health check-up information. Providing PPE and re-locating of
job for those workers may also be considered.
Awareness Programmes and Training
Banhardih coal mining project will have environmental and occupational health
and safety management systems in place, which are auditable by third party,
approved by the DGMS/Govt. of India. Participatory management regarding
health and safety at plant level may be ensured.
Safe methods will be followed for the handling, collection and disposal of
hazardous waste as recommended by govt. authorities and expert organizations
like NIOH.
The occupier of the mine (Head of Project/Mines Manager) shall be responsible for
the compliance of provisions of the Statuary Act for casual/contractual labour on
health and safety issues. In case of women workers, the provisions of the Mines
Maternity Benefit Act & Rules -1963, The Mines Crèche Rules -1966 and Factories’
Act, as applicable, shall be given attention.
Safety is part of NTPC’s core values and it recognize all accidents are
preventable; therefore, safety shall be at the forefront of all our activities. NTPC
has a safety policy and its objective is to provide safe working environment and
strive for zero incidents at work. This policy supported by safety rules and
procedures are applicable for all business activities carried out by NTPC.
Safety policy is built around following principles:
Our activities carry various hazards; however all hazards can be identified;
Every job shall be done safely, no matter how important or urgent it is;
Putting people to work carries a specific responsibility and accountability for
safety which shall be visibly demonstrated;
Right procedures and actions can bring the risks under control;
Trained and committed team can ensure incident free operations; and
Compliance to all applicable safety regulations and other legal requirements at
the minimum.
The responsibilities for safety in working have been defined in this policy from top
management to bottom working level.
Safety Measures
i. A well laid Emergency Preparedness Plan will be prepared for proposed
mine every year to take care of any emergency situation;
ii. The proposed project will adopt Occupational Health and Safety
Assessment Standards – OSHAS 18001;
iii. Area wise responsibility with priority to Safety will be enforced at all Mine
Operational/ Maintenance Activities for ensuring specific site supervision;
iv. An Internal Safety Committee (ISC) will be constituted and will be headed
by Chief General Manager (Head of Project) and safety officers,
multidisciplinary team for each mine consisting of Engineers from Mining,
Mechanical & Electrical discipline. These teams will inspect the Mine on
daily basis. The suggestions given by the team are implemented then and
there. Monthly Safety meeting with all the Safety Officer and respective
technical staff will be conducted;
v. Systematic Root-cause Analysis of accident will be done and counseling of
near just miss/ Serious Accident Victims will be done for accident
prevention/ to avert recurrence of accidents;
vi. Provision of safety clearance certificate before commencing the mining
operations or commissioning of equipments;
vii. Corporate Safety department of NTPC will also guide for best safety
practices based on experience of other coal mining projects;
viii. Daily Pep-talk with workers and weekly safety meeting with contractor’s
safety officers and engineers will be held at site;
ix. Safety awareness week, safety training and safety exhibitions, safety week
will be organized to train workers to adopt safe work practices;
x. Surveillance camera shall be installed in Specialized Mining Equipment and
control room, CHP etc. to monitor and prevent inadvertent entry of
workforce into accident prone areas; and
xi. Safe Work Practices, for all the important operation/ maintenance of the
‘Specialized Mining Equipments’ will be formulated/ modelled/ Codified and
get approved by DGMS and the same will be followed in all spheres of
activities.
xii. PVUNL will follow safety policy of NTPC.
Safety Monitoring
All area safety officers will be advised to arrange to complete the enquiries into
serious accidents and upload reports into Company internal safety web
application to take corrective steps to avoid occurrence of similar type of
accidents by sharing the information. NTPC have following organizational safety
monitoring system as given in Table-7.2.
TABLE-7.2
SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEM
Level Monitored by
Mines level - Workman inspectors: as per the Mines Rule-1955
- Safety Committee: constituted as per the Mines Rule-1955
- Third Party Audit
- Head of Project for implementation of various safety related
acts, rules and NTPC safety policy
- DGMS
Coal Mining HQ -Head (Coal Mining)
level
Corporate Safety -Chief General Manager (EMG, AU, Safety & SD)
Department
Top Management -CMD and Directors
The following additional studies/activities have been carried out for the proposed
opencast coal mine on different aspects:
1. Socio-economic study and Social Impact Assessment of Project Affected
Families (PAF) of Banhardih coal block project prepared by Asian Institute For
Sustainable Development;
2. Wild Life Conservation Plan (WLCP) prepared by Vimta Labs Ltd; and
3. Hydrogeology study.
The Banhardih coal block project of PVUNL covers villages of Udaypura, Sabano,
Jagaldaga, Banhardi, Surli, Rampur, Ete, Barwadih, Tota and Bari. The project will
acquire 4492.51 acres of land from the ten villages. All households of the ten
villages will be affected as either their lands or houses will be acquired for the
coal mining project.
The villages in the periphery will also be affected as a result of the Project. Some
of the villages located in the periphery of the coal mining project have also been
taken for Study. These villages are Renchi, Darea, Tarhasi, Zalim Khurd, Latdag,
Aragunde, Sasang, Serak, Ambatiker and Kaima. A socio-economic assessment of
the sampled households in the peripheral villages will also be taken as part of the
Socio-economic study.
For this reason, a detailed socio-economic study and Social Impact Assessment of
Project Affected Families was required and a Rehabilitation Action Plan(R&R Plan)
needs to be prepared as per Jharkhand R&R Policy 2008 and the Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Act, 2013.
The mining project will affect the core villages directly, but will also indirectly
affect the villages situated in the peripheral areas. Therefore, the peripheral
villages situated in 10 km radius around the project sites, have also been studied.
Rehabilitation Package has been prepared as per Jharkhand R&R Policy 2008 and
the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.
The Banhardih coal block project has a total lease area of 4492.51 acres (1818.10
ha) covering 10 villages under Chandwa and Sadar block, district Latehar. Out of
this, 1362.10 (30.32%) acres is Notified Forest land, 75 (1.67%) acres is Forest
JJ Land, 1228.23 (27.34) acres GM Land and 1827.18 (40.67) acres Raiyati land.
No GM JJ Land will be acquired for the Project. A major part of the land will be
acquired from Raiyati land. The land acquisition details of Banhardih project is
given in Figure-7.4.
FIGURE-7.4
LAND ACQUISITION DETAILS OF BANHARDI COAL BLOCK PROJECT
In the core project area, based on the social household survey, 659 (68.43 %)
households would be losing land only, 135 (14.02 %) would be losing house only
and 169 (17.55 %) households would be home as well as land oustees, due to
the project. Out of the total 1592 HSOs, majority PAFs are from Bari village, and
are land oustees and also some are losing home and land.
Total Land Area of PAFs in Core Villages
Land possession has been categorized for those 1592 HSOs who will be losing
land, house or both. Categorization has been done on the basis of those PAFs
owning 0–1-acre land to PAFs owning more than 4 acres land. Out of 1592 HSOs,
there are 436 PAFs owning 1–2-acre land and 333 PAFs owning 0–1-acre land.
There are 116 PAFs who have 2–3-acre land, 57 PAFs who have 2-3 acres land
and 21 PAFs who have more than 4 acres land area in the core villages.
Demographic Profile of Respondents
Household in PAVs
As per the primary data, 2618 households were surveyed during the study. There
are 13361 members or the total population in the 10 villages. The highest
population is that of village Bari which is the largest in terms of area and
households. The least number of households i.e., 41 with population of 207 exists
in village Tota.
There are 1592 Home Stead Oustees (HSOs) who will be losing land and home.
The compensation package for land loosing families of Banhardih Coal Block
Project area has been prepared in consonance with the JRRP, 2008 and
RFCTLARR 2013.
The compensation package or the R&R Entitlement Matrix for PAFs of
Banhardih coal block project area will be prepared in consonance with the JRRP
2008 and RFCTLARR 2013. The compensation package for PAFs will be worked
out as per the provision of JRRP 2008 subject to the current CPI. The CPI of the
current year for 1592 HSOs will be taken into consideration while calculating
compensation packages. Absentee PAFs should also be considered when they
come forward for the claim. The R & R matrix for Banhardih coal block project
is given in Table-7.4.
R&R Entitlement
Summary of Benefits to be offered
There are 1592 HSOs (Home stead Oustees) who will be losing land & home and
others assets. The compensation package for land losing families of Banhardih
Coal Block Project area has be prepared in consultation with district
administration in accordance with provisions given in RFCTLARR 2013
R&R Plan and Entitlement Matrix for PAFs of Banhardih coal block project area will
be prepared in consonance with the JRRP 2008 and RFCTLARR 2013. The R&R
package for PAFs will be worked out as per the provision of RFCT LARR Act / JRRP
2008 subject to the current Consumer Price Index Numbers for Agricultural and
Rural Laboure’s June 2021.
The CPI of the current year for 1592 Home Stead Oustees will be taken into
consideration while calculating compensation packages.
TABLE-7.4
R & R MATRIX FOR BANHARDIH COAL BLOCK PROJECT
The tentative R & R cost for Banardih Coal Mining Project (RFCTLARR 2013 considered for estimation
purposes)
R & R Entitlement No. of Entitlement Tentative Tentative
(Tentative PAFs as per LARR cost of R&R cost of R&R
Estimate) Act'13 as on (₹ In Lakh) (₹ In Lakh)
01.01.2014 as on after Remarks
(₹ In Lakh) 01.01.2014 indexation
(as on
30.06.2021)
One-time cash
grant in lieu of AICPI 771 on 01.01.2014 & 1057
8836 5.00 44180 60526.60
employment / on 30.06.2019
Annuity
Cost of Home-stead As per Indira Awas Yojana
land for specification.
Resettlement Land for Plot: 400 sqm / HSO
Colony & Land for other infrastructure:
1592 5.00 0 675.00
Development of 200 sqm / HSO
Infrastructure @
400 + 200= 600 Total Land required: 45 Acre
(approx.)
sqm per HSO
House building
Indira Awas Yojana / Pradhan
assistance - as per 1592 1.65 2626.8 3598.72
Mantri Awas Yojana(PMAY)
IAY
Assets cost on Land
for Resettlement Lumpsum LS 0 500.00 Lumpsum
Colony, if any
Reference taken from other
Cost for creation of project,Rs. 40 Crs spent on 200
Infrastructure as HSOs. Considering the above
1592 0 0 31840.00
provisioned in cost, average cost per HSO
LARR comes Rs. 20 Lakh. (LARR
Schedule-III)
Subsistence Grant 1592 0.36 573.12 785.17 LARR Schedule-II
In addition to this
SC/ST will also get
Rs. 0.5 lakh 1194 0.5 597 817.89 LARR Schedule-II
(Considering 75%
HHs as SC/ST)
Transportation
1592 0.5 796 1090.52 LARR Schedule-II
Allowance
LARR Schedule-II
(Considering that out of 1592
Cattle shed / petty
1592 0.25 398 545.26 HSOs, some may have cattle
shops cost
shed and some may have petty
shops)
One time grant to
artisans, small
traders & certain 159 0.25 39.75 54.46 LARR Schedule-II
others (Considering
10% Families)
One-time
resettlement 8836 0.5 4418 6052.66 LARR Schedule-II
allowance
Other R & R
LS LS 500 500.00 for un anticipated works
Benefits
Cost of Common
This head may booked under
Property Resources LS LS 5000 5000.00
project construction
(CPR)
Community Development works
CD/CSR LS LS 4500 4500.00
for affected villages
Total R&R Cost 63628.67 116486.28 Say Rs. 1165 Cr.
Periphery Development Plan shall be executed by PVUNL for the social upliftment
of the local habitants and to help them to fulfill their aspirations. The plan will be
implemented in 10 villages located in the periphery of 10 km. radius from the
Project area. PVUNL will be responsible for periphery development activities as
decided by the Advisory Committee constituted for Rehabilitation and Peripheral
Development. The committee should be empowered to decide on compensation
and rehabilitation package that are persistently raised by protesting villagers.
The cost estimated for infrastructure, health and education, livelihood program
and employment programme has been summarised in Table-7.5.
TABLE-7.5
SUMMARY OF TOTAL COST ESTIMATION
Total mine lease area of 1818.10 ha involves protected forest land of 581.61 ha.
It also involves 496.60 ha government land including tanks, ponds and rivulets.
There are no eco-sensitive areas such as the Biosphere Reserves, National Parks,
Wildlife Sanctuaries, Ramsar Wetlands, Important Bird Areas (IBAs) or Nature
Heritage sites within 10 km from the project site. There are no Tiger or Elephant
corridors within the 10 km radius. The eco-sensitive zone of Palamau Tiger
Sanctuary is more than 10 km away from the boundary of the mine lease.
Except for the three protected forest blocks involved in the mining, there are no
plantations or Orchards but large trees Mahua were very common in the
croplands. There were no threatened plant species either in the core area or the
buffer zone. Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Peacock (Pavo cristatus), Python
(Python molurus), and the Common monitor (Varanus bengalensis) belonging to
Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 were reported from the buffer
zone. But they were very rare and there is no documented evidence. Detailed
Wild Life Conservation Plan (WLCP) is attached as Annexure-VIII (B).
Detailed study of flora and fauna has been conducted by Dr. Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee University, Ranchi. Details of study and duly authenticated separately
for the core and buffer zones and a statement clearly specifying that study area
does not form a part of the migratory corridor/national park/ Wildlife Sanctuaries
or Biosphere Reserves, tiger or elephant corridors or Ramsar Wetlands or
Important bird areas (IBAs) is given in Annexure- VIII (A).
3. Hydrogeology Study
A detailed Hydrogeology Study has been carried out by M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd
(Attached as Annexure-V). The summary and conclusions of study are given
below:
Banhardih coal mine block having an area of 1818.10 ha is located in villages Ate,
Banhardih, Bari, Barwadih, Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, Tota and Udaypura
in Latehar & Chandwa tehsil, Latehar District in Jharkhand State. This mining
activity is restricted within 1,467.42 ha, which is termed as Mine Lease (ML) area.
Life of mine is 33 years with a maximum working depth 300 m.
Lowest elevation in the study area is 376.9 m above mean sea level (amsl) along
Auranga river in the west and highest elevation is 1011 m amsl on the hills
covered by Serak PF in the eastern part. The general slope in the study area is
towards west following the flow direction of Auranga River. The general
topography of the block characterizes with rolling terrain with low ridges and
depressions. Elevation level of boreholes reveals that the minimum of 423.17 m
in borehole no.2W and maximum of 459.90 m in borehole no.20E.
Major part of the study area is drained by Auranga River and its tributaries
flowing from east to west. A small portion in the east is drained by Damodar River
and its tributary Dharmavati Nadi. The Bagdagga nala and Rajdaha nalas and
their tributaries forms the main drainage system of the sector.
north eastern part of the Auranga coalfield. As per Earthquake Hazard Map of
India, Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMPTC), the study
area falls in Moderate Damage Risk Zone – Zone III (MSK VII).
The depth to water level during pre and post-monsoon ranges from 2.70 m in
Bariatu Jagir to 11.95 m bgl in Kendwahi and 0.70 m in Pathaltoli to 8.35 m bgl in
Richuguta respectively. The average water level fluctuation in the study area is
3.27 m. Water levels in and in the vicinity of ML area varies from 0.70 m to 3.97
m bgl during post-monsoon and 4.35 m to 7.50 m bgl during pre-monsoon.
Nearly 10 exploratory boreholes drilled in the block are showing the artesian
condition.
The ground water flow direction in the ML area is towards west and the hydraulic
gradient from ESE towards ML area is 7.89 m/km during post-monsoon and 8.87
m/km during pre-monsoon. The average transmissivity is found as 1.485 m²/day
while storage coefficient is 9.68E-04 and hydraulic conductivity is found as 0.532
m/day.
The study area forms part of Joda block of Keonjhar district and Koida block of
Sundargarh district of Chandwa, Latehar, Balumath and Herhanj blocks of Latehar
district of Jharkhand. The average stage of ground water development in these
blocks as per Ground Water Resource Assessment – 2017, Central Ground Water
Board (CGWB) is 28.83% and categorized as “Safe”. The stage of ground water
development including present project requirement in the study area is estimated
as 12.61% and can be categorized as “Safe”.
A review of surface and ground water sample analysis indicates that the water
quality in the study area in general is good and potable except slightly higher
values of turbidity, total hardness, total alkalinity, Calcium and Magnesium in
some ground water samples.
The mining activity will disturb the drainage courses of Bagdagga and Rajdaha
nalas in the ML area and thereby the run-off carried by these downstream.
Bagdagga nala drainage courses exits ML area as two nalas from the southern
part and Rajdaha nala drainage courses exits ML area as one single nala from the
western part. These nala exits shall be provided with settling ponds connecting
the garland drains and drainage from open land to allow clean into the nallas
outside the ML area to maintain original natural flow of clean water downstream.
Permission for diversion of nallah will be taken in due course on the basis of these
studies from Water Resource Department.
Well inventory of 31 wells was conducted by M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd, Hyderabad in
the study area during field investigation period. The location of these 31
monitoring wells are given in Table-7.6.
Depth of dug wells inventoried range from 4.90 m in Nawadi to 13.40 m bgl in
Kendwahi. Dug wells for agriculture purpose are with 3.0 to 5.0 HP centrifugal
pumps. Hand pumps are installed on community bore wells drilled for domestic
purpose. Agriculture and industrial bore wells are mainly with submersible pumps
of varying capacity from 3.0 HP.
Water levels during the field visit (1st and 2nd weeks of May 2021) were recorded
measuring depth to standing water and post-monsoon water levels were recorded
up to the moisture indication in the dug wells. The depth to water level during pre
and post-monsoon ranges from 2.70 m in Bariatu Jagir to 11.95 m bgl in
Kendwahi and 0.70 m in Pathaltoli to 8.35 m bgl in Richuguta respectively. The
average water level fluctuation in the study area is 3.27 m.
TABLE-7.6
DETAILS OF WELL INVENTORY IN STUDY AREA
Sr.No. Well Village Lat Long Well Purpose Total Dia Lining Static Water Level Fluctuation Aquifer
No Type Depth (m) (Dug (m) (m)
(m) Well) Pre Post-
(m) Monsoon Monsoon
1 GW1 Sabano N 23˚ 44' 28" E 84˚ 34' 1" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 8.90 5.00 3.75 3.45 1.30 2.15 Sandstone
2 GW2 Pathaltoli N 23˚ 44' 55" E 84˚ 34' 6" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 8.10 2.45 4.35 4.35 0.70 3.65 Sandstone
3 GW3 Huchlu N 23˚ 43' 34" E 84˚ 38' 57" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 5.83 3.80 4.92 4.52 1.60 2.92 Gneiss
4 GW4 Balu N 23˚ 49' 50" E 84˚ 39' 52" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.39 4.80 8.50 5.50 2.70 2.80 Gneiss
5 GW5 Nawadi N 23˚ 49' 19" E 84˚ 35' 30" Dug Well Not in use 4.90 3.80 3.80 3.55 0.75 2.80 Gneiss
6 GW6 Patratu N 23˚ 47' 22" E 84˚ 32' 7" Dug Well Not in use 7.00 2.90 4.98 4.61 3.13 1.48 Gneiss
7 GW7 Masiatu N 23˚ 47' 2" E 84˚ 41' 40" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 7.20 1.65 6.35 5.73 4.18 1.55 Gneiss
8 GW8 Nindra N 23˚ 46' 4" E 84˚ 43' 29" Dug Well Domestic 8.22 4.70 6.85 6.50 1.85 4.65 Gneiss
9 GW9 Nakti N 23˚ 45' 1" E 84˚ 41' 4" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 6.90 3.44 4.40 4.10 1.95 2.15 Gneiss
10 GW10 Damodar N 23˚ 43' 33" E 84˚ 45' 29" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.45 3.10 9.45 9.25 6.80 2.45 Gneiss
11 GW11 Hariyatoli N 23˚ 45' 40" E 84˚ 39' 13" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.50 5.20 8.20 7.95 1.75 6.20 Sandstone
12 GW12 Deodariya N 23˚ 37' 42" E 84˚ 36' 46" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 7.10 2.70 4.45 3.80 2.05 1.75 Gneiss
13 GW13 Rakhat tali N 23˚ 41' 40" E 84˚ 40' 12" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.45 3.00 9.70 9.47 7.87 1.60 Gneiss
14 GW14 Brahmani N 23˚ 42' 44" E 84˚ 38' 29" Dug Well Irrigation 9.20 2.40 7.40 6.95 3.80 3.15 Gneiss
15 GW15 Purnadih N 23˚ 41' 2" E 84˚ 39' 13" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 12.75 1.90 9.25 9.03 2.98 6.05 Gneiss
16 GW16 Kulgada N 23˚ 41' 1" E 84˚ 35' 30" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.10 3.20 9.50 9.05 7.55 1.50 Gneiss
17 GW17 Richuguta N 23˚ 39' 37" E 84˚ 35' 47" Dug Well Not in use 8.30 2.90 7.00 6.50 2.90 3.60 Gneiss
18 GW18 Kendwahi N 23˚ 42' 40" E 84˚ 35' 39" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 13.40 1.60 12.40 11.95 8.35 3.60 Gneiss
19 GW19 Jalim Khurd N 23˚ 43' 12" E 84˚ 34' 8" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 8.93 3.30 7.55 7.20 4.15 3.05 Sandstone
20 GW20 Gowa N 23˚ 43' 29" E 84˚ 33' 29" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 12.50 3.80 9.50 9.40 3.10 6.30 Sandstone
21 GW21 Rehaldag N 23˚ 40' 36" E 84˚ 34' 7" Dug Well Domestic 7.40 2.42 6.80 6.40 3.00 3.40 Gneiss
Sr.No. Well Village Lat Long Well Purpose Total Dia Lining Static Water Level Fluctuation Aquifer
No Type Depth (m) (Dug (m) (m)
(m) Well) Pre Post-
(m) Monsoon Monsoon
22 GW22 Simri N 23˚ 41' 55" E 84˚ 33' 3" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.20 6.15 7.85 7.43 3.08 4.35 Gneiss
23 GW23 Bariatu Jagir N 23˚ 42' 47" E 84˚ 30' 58" Dug Well Domestic 8.40 3.20 5.93 5.28 2.85 2.43 Gneiss
24 GW24 Latehar N 23˚ 44' 47" E 84˚ 29' 51" Dug Well Domestic 5.43 2.30 3.30 2.70 2.20 0.50 Sandstone
25 GW25 Kura N 23˚ 46' 24" E 84˚ 30' 42" Dug Well Not in use 9.10 3.10 7.37 7.00 2.63 4.37 Gneiss
26 GW26 Karhima N 23˚ 46' 0" E 84˚ 33' 23" Dug Well Domestic 8.53 3.58 7.00 6.65 2.95 3.70 Sandstone
27 GW27 Kurhans N 23˚ 48' 1" E 84˚ 31' 54" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 11.50 2.90 10.22 9.67 5.45 4.22 Gneiss
28 GW28 Renchi N 23˚ 45' 35" E 84˚ 38' 14" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 9.93 2.10 6.80 6.45 1.20 5.25 Sandstone
29 GW29 Sikni N 23˚ 42' 56" E 84˚ 37' 39" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 10.00 4.45 8.00 7.50 3.90 3.60 Gneiss
30 GW30 Banhardih N 23˚ 44' 27" E 84˚ 34' 14" Dug Well Domestic 8.58 2.30 6.20 5.80 3.00 2.80 Sandstone
31 GW31 Rampur N 23˚ 43' 47" E 84˚ 39' 54" Dug Well Domestic/Irrigation 12.90 2.52 7.80 7.27 3.97 3.30 Gneiss
Average 9.13 3.25 7.08 6.61 3.34 3.27
The annual mine seepage rate varies from 448.00 m³/day during 1 st year to
2,337.00 m³/day during 7th year and it is 1,189 m³/day at the conceptual stage.
The radius of influence from the centre of mine pit due to mine seepage
dewatering at different stages will be 545.34 m to 1,423.01 m during monsoon
season and 551.75 m to 1,422.36 m during non-monsoon season.
There will not be any process effluent generation from the ML area, however
effluent generated from mine workshop will be treated using oil-grease separator
and reused. Domestic effluents will be treated in septic tanks and soak pits.
Considering only 80 % of the run-off available volume from roof top rain water
harvesting after evaporation, spillage and first flush wastage, 70,370.06 m³
(0.070 MCM) is the run-off volume estimated as available for project activities.
Considering a 20% of recharge from the run-off through recharge wells,
3,60,778.42 m³ (0.361 MCM) is expected as recharge. Assuming an average
depth of 2.5 m, about 0.463 MCM of recharge is expected from settling ponds for
50 % of 1-hour heaviest rainfall event. Recharge from the mine pit sump as per
the sump capacities ranges from 0.071 MCM during 1st year to 0.064 MCM at the
conceptual stage.
The quantity of rain water available from roof top water harvesting, accumulation
in mine pits and ground water from mine seepage ranges from 1.477 MCM during
1st year to 1.486 MCM at the conceptual stage. The excess water available after
meeting the non-domestic requirements of the project ranges from 1.474 MCM
during 1st year to 1.483 MCM at the conceptual stage. Excess water from rain
water accumulation/mine seepage after meeting the project requirement will be
supplied to nearby villages for agriculture and domestic purposes and partly
discharged to Bagdagga and Rajdaha nalas after treatment to compensate the
natural flow disturbed by mine workings.
A detailed Area Drainage Study has been carried out by M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd
(Attached as Annexure-XX). An application for nallah diversion is submitted to
Irrigation Department on 26.04.2022 (Copy attached as Annexure-XXI).
As per ToR clause no. 4 (x), permission for diversion of nala/water bodies lying in
the project area from State Water Resource Department to be obtained and
impact of diversion of nala on nearby areas and villages shall be studied. The
summary and conclusions of study are given below:
Peak discharge from the catchments of Bagdagga, Rajdaha and Sukri nalas has
been calculated using Dicken’s formula, formula used locally (revised Dicken’s),
Ryve’s formula and Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). Peak discharge
estimated using Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) is found to be highest
and is considered for designing nalas proposed for diversion.
Two design options – Option1: along haul road proposed and Option2: along
lease boundary. Section A-B covers diversion of Bagdagga1 upper catchment
drainage and Section B-C covers diversion of Bagdagga2 catchment drainage.
Since the difference between Section A-B and B-C is not much and only run-off
from initial drainage courses joins the Section B-C in major portion, the highest of
Chapter-7 Additional Studies VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO
Comprehensive Environmental Impact
Assessment Report for the REV. NO.:0
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page : C7-52
these two – section A-B for both option1 and 2 may be continued from A-C for
entire nala diversion proposed.
TABLE-8.1
POST-MINING LAND UTILIZATIONOF BANHARDIH COAL BLOCK
It is evident from above table that green belt, mass plantation activities will be
going even after mine closure it will benefit to local community in long term.
Socio-Economic
Population Dynamics
Due to direct and indirect employment potential, there is scope of migration of
people into project area and in the peripheral regions, from nearby areas. Mining
activities, acceleration of the economic activities and urbanization along with
creation of new employment opportunities and business may change the
population dynamics of the area.
Standard of Living
The people will come in contact with migrated people. This may encourage higher
aspirations among the people of the area. Accelerated economic activities and
urbanization may increase quality of life and standard of living. The services and
benefits provided by PVUNL in R&R plan, CER-CD, CSR will improve their living
standard.
Employment Potential
At the same time, local small contractors, vehicle owners, will get opportunities
for substantial amount of business for providing their services to the proponent
and EPC contractors. The mining activity and influx of visitors will also open up
opportunities for setting up establishments like lodging, food kiosks, small shops,
vehicle and machinery maintenance etc. in the vicinity of the mining project or
outskirts.
Majority of individuals in the study area will be employed in proposed coal mining
operations including tribal people either directly or indirectly and earning their
livelihood. The proposed coal mining project shall further add to their social and
economic upliftmentdirect and indirect income generation opportunities to all the
project affected families. CSR/CD activities being implemented by PVUNL will
continue further in affected and the study area as well. The following are the
major CSR/CD initiatives implemented in the study area from 2018 to 2021
through community participation. The different initiatives planned and
implemented from the year 2018 to 2021 is presented in Table-8.2 and Table-
8.3and the current financial year 2021-2022 Community development initiatives
is presented in Table-8.4. Till date PVUNL has spent more than Rs6.85 Crores
towards community development which includes about Rs. 700000/- at Banhardih
proposed coal block during the year 2019-21. After obtaining the statuary
approvals, similar type of CSR/CD work will be started at nearby villages of
Banhardih coal mining project.
TABLE-8.2
LIST OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT/CSR/CER ACTIVITIES PLANNED AND
IMPLEMENTED BY PVUNL FROM 2017 to 2021
Sr. Financial
Activities
No. Year
1 Driving training (LMV) to local youths of Patratu (Ramgarh) 2018-19
2 Driving training (LMV) to local youths of Patratu (Ramgarh) 2019-20
Procurement of water bottle for school going children of UMS Katiya
2018-19
3 under ICD/CD activities at PVUNL, Patratu
Procurement of computers (for PTPS College) under community
2018-19
4 development.
5 Meritorious award to merit students (24 nos.) 2018-19
Skill development training on Plastic engineering thru CIPET, Ranchi
2020-21
6 (30 nos)
Education, Skill Development & Women Empowerment
Sr. Financial
Activities
No. Year
Organizing modern agriculture technology training and one time
input supply to 100 farmers 2020-21
23
24 Health camps in surrounding villages at PVUNLPatratu 2018-19
25 Supply of 25 nos of tricycle conventional hand propelled (Hamrahi) 2018-19
Education, Skill Development & Women
Artificial limb (01 nos) supply and installation of Orthotic KAFO with
2018-19
26 spring lever knee joint and chamber axis ankle joint
27 Eye check-Up camp for needy people of PVUNL project area 2018-19
28 Eye Check-Up camp for needy people of PVUNL Project area 2019-20
29 Blood donation camps 2019-20
Empowerment
Sr. Financial
Activities
No. Year
2 High School Patratu
Construction of four (04) nos. of toilets and PCC of school campus in
2019-20
59 the Middle School of Katiya at PVUNL Patratu
Construction of shed in stage & Pavement in DAV Public School PTPS,
2018-19
60 Patratu
61 Water supply and sanitation work at High school PTPS 2017-18
Cleaning and painting of ShramKalyan Kendra and Gandhi Smarak at
2017-18
62 PTPS
Construction of kitchen and installation of Bore well in PTPS High
2017-18
63 school for JawaharNavodayVidyalaya, Patratu.
External Painting and repair and raising of broken boundary wall at
2017-18
64 PTPS High school for JawaharNavodayVidyalaya, Patratu.
CONSTRUCTION OF 3 NOS OF PHONE BOOTH COVID 19 SAMPLE
2020-21
65 COLLECTION N CENTRE IN PVUNL. PATRATU
Construction of vehicle parking shed at SP Office, Ramgarh." The
Parking shed ,floor PCC , approach road PCC & surrounding areas 2020-21
66 WITH INTERLOCKING TILES
Construction of various infrastructure at Ramgarh District
Administration campus, under CD activity" includes the construction
2020-21
of vehicle parking shed, waiting shed, registration counter shed with
67 paver block interlocking tiles.
Civil works at MaaPanchbahinihigh school, Labga, Patratu under CD
2020-21
68 activities
69 1stJharkhandstate Ranking table tennis Championship 2018 2018-19
70 RajrappaMahotsav 2018-19
71 RajrappaMahotsav 2017-18
72 inter village rural football tournament 2018-19
73 Distribution of blankets (500 nos) to needy people 2018-19
Welfare & Cultural Events
86 2019.
Financial Assistance to SwarnRekhaMahilaSamiti to support old age
2019-20
87 Home Divine Onkar Mission, Ramgarh
Procurement of 20 nos. E-Rickshaw and handing over to economically
2019-20
88 weaker section of people for their better livelihood
89 Mid Day Distribution of food Materials - COVID-19 2020-21
Sr. Financial
Activities
No. Year
90 Meal Procurement of food materials & soaps for needy people -COVID-19 2020-21
List of Initial Community Development/CSR/CERActivitiesImplemented at Banhardih Coal
Block area by PVUNL
Distribution of Blankets among elderly people of villages of Banhardih
2020-21
1 Welfare coal block
2 Health Distribution of masks among villagers of Banhardih Coal Block 2020-21
Procurement of food materials for needy people -COVID-19,
2020-21
3 Health distribution through District authority.
Source: PVUNL
TABLE-8.3
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT/CSR/CER EXPENDITURE (PATRATU)
FROM 2017 TO 2021
(Amount in Lakhs)
TABLE-8.4
INITIAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT/CER/CSR INITIATIVES
BANHARDIH COAL MINES-FINANCIAL YEAR 2021-22
Budget (In
Sr. No Description Details
Lakh)
1 Health & sanitation Mobile health camp as per need of locality 5.00
2 Education Support to school going children in terms 5.00
of study material
3 Water Emphasis on safe drinking to villagers 10.00
and other water related facilities
4 Capacity (Skill) Vocational training to the local people to 14.00
building develop income generation skills
5 Infrastructure As per need and requirement of local 16.00
people
Total Rs. 50.00
Source: PVUNL
PVUNL has adopted the policies of NTPC. Core to the company’s philosophy, CSR
has been an integral part of NTPC’s business of power generation and lighting up
the lives of millions of Indians. NTPC’s spirit of caring and sharing is embedded in
its mission statement. We firmly believe that communities located in the vicinity
of our projects as well as those displaced by them are important
partners/stakeholders in India’s growth story. As good neighbors, NTPC have built
strong partnerships with them through a slew of well-conceived community
development intervention programs.
Based on its dedication to the cause since its inception, NTPC has a
comprehensive Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R&R) policy covering community
development activities. Our policy grows wings at the project sites the moment
the project takes off. Thereafter extensive peripheral development activities are
taken up along with the project development. There is a separate Corporate
Social Responsibility Policy which covers a vast gamut of activities starting from
the grassroots at the unit level right up to the regional and national level
including implementation of key programs through our very own ‘NTPC
Foundation’.
We are proud that our CSR initiatives and programs are benefitting over a million
of our countrymen in over 500 odd villages in the neighborhood of our stations
and plants thanks to a vigorous structure, well documented policies and a
streamlined process.
PVUNL a subsidiary company of NTPC Ltd. has adopted its CSR policies and
programs for welfare of surrounding population of its projects.
initiatives by the local communities is the key to the smooth and successful
implementation of these schemes.
PVUNL will have focus on same areas and activities of CSR as being done by
NTPC(its parent company).
CSR/CER/CD Activities
Blankets distributed among PAP;
This includes Rs 45 Crores for CD / CSR (Activities including Rs. 13.8 Crores for
Core Development + Rs. 9.6 Crores for peripheral development), Rs 50 Crores for
CPR and other initial community development works. In addition to above an
expenditure of Rs 30 Crores shall be deliberated in consultation with stake
holders and District Administration for the life of the project for development of
infrastructure, health, education, training and skill development program.
FIGURE-8.1
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (CD)WORKS
Chapter-8Project Benefits VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
REV. NO.:0
Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page: C9-1
9.1 Introduction
Cost-Benefit Analysis is a key tool for evaluating welfare gains or losses from an
investment. It is now well established that environmental impacts are crucial to
consider the full welfare implications of a project. Debate has focused on
approaches to improve the valuation of environmental impacts, and controversy
in the discounting of future impacts to present values. The issue of the time
horizon of analysis is frequently overlooked. The framing of the time horizon has
major implications, as environmental costs and benefits often accrue in the long-
term. The technical aspects of setting the time horizon are reviewed, along with
updates to practice guidance, noting the longer time horizons now becoming
typical. It is demonstrated that the time horizon can have a considerable impact
on results, even more substantial than the discount rate. While uncertainty is
noted as a technical challenge to longer-term analysis, the use of scenarios and
sensitivity testing are noted as an appropriate response.
Environmental impact of proposed Banhardih coal mine project will not so critical
and the life of mine is estimated as 30 years, hence economic evaluation for
environmental cost benefit analysis is done for 30+years only.
The Banhardih coal block falls in the Auranga coal field surrounded by the older
metamorphics of the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex represented by the
Palamau Plateau. The general topography of the block characterizes with rolling
terrain with low ridges and depressions. Elevation level of boreholes reveal that
the minimum of 423.17 m in borehole no 2 W and maximum of 459.90 m in
borehole no 20 E. Around 25 % of the block is covered with protected forest
which is located in the western part. The Bagdagga nala and Rajhara nalas and
their tributaries form the main drainage system of the sector.
Geological block boundary area of Banhardih Coal Block is 1818.10 ha, out of
which forest land is 549.484 ha. The forest land needs diversion under section 2
of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. However, the mineable area is 1467.42
ha.
Estimated gross geological reserve of the block is 1372.21 Million Tons upto a
depth of 1200 m and 446.18 million tons up to a depth of 300 m. However, net
The proposed mining project will impact on environment of the area, thus
environmental cost benefit analysis is estimated on the basis of net present value
of the forest, loss of animal husbandry productivity, including loss of fodder, Cost
of human resettlement, possession value of forest land diverted, habitat
fragmentation cost, compensatory afforestation and soil & moisture conservation
cost, carbon storage etc.
TABLE-9.1
CURRENT DIFFERENT RATES
TABLE-9.2
ESTIMATED FOREST DIVERSION COST &
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
TABLE-9.3
ESTIMATION OF BENEFITS OF FOREST DIVERSION
Thus, the project gives positive Benefit/Cost Ratio. The monetary returns of the
project are positive over the environmental losses.
The EMP presented in this chapter discusses the administrative aspects of ensuring
that mitigative measures are implemented and monitoring of its effectiveness.
The major impacts referred in Chapter-4 are on the air quality and land use. The
following plans are proposed to be implemented for environmental protection.
Site inspections to verify compliance with the EMP, Environmental Clearance (EC)
conditions, and conditions stipulated in Forest Clearance (FC) & Consents and
other environmental performance requirements will be undertaken and
documented for the operational phases. Site inspection checklists will be
developed. Where inspections determine that the existing measures are not
effective, corrective and preventative measures will be implemented.
Monitoring
The monitoring programs will set out the monitoring objectives: parameters,
criteria, location, frequency, procedure, recording, reporting and corrective
action. A person who is suitably trained and qualified will conduct monitoring
activities. Monitoring will be carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines.
It has been evaluated that the study area will not be affected adversely with the
proposed activity and likely to get new economic fillip, not only for the study area
but also for the region as a whole.
EMP Implementation
The majority of the environmental impact pertains to the operational phase. Even
though mostly reversible in nature - all the impacts will be visible only during
operational phase. It is planned to take corrective measures to ensure that these
effects are kept to bare minimum. The EMP will therefore, be initiated during
planning stage itself.
For implementation of EMP the project will have following organization structure as
given in Figure-10.1.
FIGURE-10.1
EMD ORGANISATION CHART
REV. NO.:0
Final Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C10-4
TABLE-10.1
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN AND NATURAL CONSERVATION MEASURES
3. Haul i. All service roads will be well - - - Regular watering will Plantation will
Roads maintained. cause less emission of improve ecology.
ii. All haul roads and service roads fugitive dust.
shall be regularly sprayed with
water.
iii. Plantation will be done
alongside the service roads
REV. NO.:0
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Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C10-5
5.Coal CHP will be enclosed and mist spray - - - v. Mist spray will Plantation will
Handling arrangement installed at all reduce fugitive improve ecology.
receiving points, transfer points, emissions.
ground level bunkers and loading vi. Avoidance of road
points transport by heavy
vehicles will reduce
Plantation will be done around the dust emission from
Coal Handling Plant (CHP). roads, especially if
unpaved or broken.
6.Coal Transportation outside the ML area - - Avoidance of use of heavy - -
Transport will be by rail / conveyor system. road vehicles and use of
belt conveyors will be
energy efficient
B. Water Pollution Control
1. Surface i. Garland drains will be made Conservation of fresh water Toe walls - Garland drains and silt -
around quarry and OB dumps to sources surrounding OB traps will prevent outflow
collect run-off water and siltation dumps will prevent of polluted water during
points of sufficient size shall be sliding boulders, if rains.
provided for collection of silt. any, not to reach
working areas.
ii. OB dump run-off to be de- silted
through settling tanks and re-used.
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Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
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Banhardih Coal Mining Project of 12 MTPA Capacity ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
Page: C10-8
To provide reliable and affordable power for economic growth of society with
commitment to abide by environmental laws of the Nation.
1. Barwadih;
2. Banhardih;
3. Bari;
4. Ate;
5. Jagaldagga;
6. Rampur;
7. Sabano;
8. Surli;
9. Tota and
10. Renchi.
During acquisition of land properties situated in mine lease area, the houses,
wells, stores, shops, markets, common infrastructure, offices etc. will be marked
during survey and demolished in phased manner after acquisition of land. The
total demolition activity will be contracted out. The contractors will work in
supervision of NTPC staff for implementation of Demolition Waste Management
Plan. Workers will be provided personal protective equipment like goggles,
helmet, face shield, hand gloves and gumboots for health protection with dust
and noise. First aid facilities will also be available at site. The whole demolition
activities in villages will be done as per the Construction and Demolition (C & D)
Waste Management Rules, 2016.
10.5.1 Components of Demolition Waste
The demolition activity results in generation of solid waste. This category of waste
is complex due to the different types of building materials used but in general
may comprise the following materials.
Major Components
Cement concrete;
Bricks;
Cement plaster;
Steel (from RCC, door/window frames, roofing support, railings of staircase
etc.);
Rubble;
Stone (marble, granite, sand stone); and
Timber/wood (especially demolition of old buildings).
Minor Components
Conduits (iron, plastic);
Pipes (GI, iron, plastic);
Electrical fixtures (copper/aluminium wiring, wooden baton, bakelite/plastic
switches, wire insulation);
Panels (wooden, laminated); and
Others (glazed tiles, glass panes).
TABLE-10.2
TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF INDIAN C & D WASTE
Material Composition
Soil, Sand & Gravel 36%
Brick & Masonry 31%
Concrete 23%
Metals 5%
Bitumen 2%
Wood 2%
Others 1%
Source: (TIFAC, 2001)
10.5.2 Quantification and Estimation of Demolition Waste
The waste generated by demolition activity of houses, stores, godowns, shops
and other private and government properties in existing villages located within
mine lease area will be estimated and quantified only after detailed socio-
economic survey. The duration for demolition activity will be about 1 year.
All these wastes will be stored within the site itself. A proper screen will be
provided so that the waste does not get scattered;
The waste is segregated into different heaps as far as possible so that their
further gradation and reuse is facilitated; and
Material, which can be sold will also be kept in separate heaps from those,
which are to be landfilled within mine.
10.5.5 Collection and Transportation
The agency engaged for demolition work will carry the unserviceable material up
to any lead & lift by manually loading and unloading. The saleable material will be
sold or reused by the agency. All debris transportation vehicles will be covered
with tarpaulin sheet to prevent fugitive emissions during travelling.
The four common environmental impacts from a demolition activity that may
affect its surroundings are: (a) Dust (b) Noise (c) Smoke
Air Pollution
Demolition activity will generate fugitive dust emissions, which will be controlled
by water sprinkling on debris, filled-in trucks wherever necessary & providing
screens. No debris and waste will be allowed to burn by contractors to prevent
smoke. Contractors will do preventive maintenance of transportation vehicles to
comply pollution norms. All transportation vehicles will be covered with tarpaulin
sheet to prevent fugitive emissions during travelling.
Noise
The demolition activity will be carried out mostly during daytime. The equipment
used for demolition will undergo preventive maintenance test at routine intervals.
Any machinery or equipment generating excessive noise levels will be taken out
for maintenance. All steps will be taken to confine the effect of noise generation
within the area of demolition site. Further measure like smooth movement of
incoming & out-going vehicles / trucks, tarred roads within the plant premise,
minimum use of horns will be taken to control noise pollution.
Water Pollution
Demolition activity will not have any significant impact on water quality. Surface
run-off from demolition site will be prevented to flow in to natural water bodies.
Treated wastewater (sprinklers) to be used for washings / unloading areas /
roads to suppress dust.
10.5.7 Recycling and Reuse
A majority of these materials is durable and therefore, has a high potential of
reuse. The demolition waste will be used in the following manner:
Bricks, stone slabs, timber, conduits, piping railings etc. are reusable. But
these items cannot be used by NTPC. Hence these items will be sold by the
agency.;
Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal etc. will be sold by the agency to recycling
industries;
Rubble, brick bats, broken plaster/concrete pieces etc. will be used for
levelling of the site where demolition takes place;
Larger unusable pieces will be sent for filling up low-lying area/proposed OB
dump area earmarked by the agency and fine material, such as, sand, dust
etc. will be used as cover material over this; and
Adequate steps will be taken to reduce dust and noise during handling.
10.5.8 Disposal
Being predominantly inert in nature, demolition waste does not create chemical or
biochemical pollution. Hence, majority of these waste materials will be sold by the
agency engaged for demolition. Remaining unusable material will be used for
filling/levelling of low-lying areas.
The agency will earmark a private place or identify dump area within mine lease
for filling the debris in low-lying area.
The amount of rainfall available from these roof tops estimated using average
rainfall of 1159.50 mm as per IMD data and run-off coefficients suggested by
Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) is 80,962.57 m³.
Considering only 80% of the run-off available volume after evaporation, spillage
and first flush wastage, 70,370.06 m³ (0.070 MCM) is the run-off volume
estimated as available for project activities. The capacity of storage structure for
the heaviest rainfall received in 24 hours (290.80 mm) shall be 22,000 m³
whereas for the rainfall received during the wettest month of July (332.10 mm)
shall be 25,000 m³. Any overflow from the storage tanks shall be diverted to the
nearest storm water drain to reach the natural surface flow. A typical roof top
water harvesting model is presented in Figure-10.2
FIGURE-10.2
TYPICAL ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING MODEL
Chapter-8 Project Benefits VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
REV. NO.:0
Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page: C10-14
Artificial Recharge
Settling-cum-Recharge Ponds
The run-off values calculated considering average run-off coefficient of 0.25 from
the catchment areas and average monthly rainfall for Daltonganj station. The
annual volume of surface run-off from Rajdaha, Bagdagga1 and 2 catchments is
estimated at 5.68 MCM, 4.95 MCM and 2.40 MCM respectively. These nala exits
will be provided with settling ponds connecting the garland drains and drainage
from open land to allow clean into the nallas outside the ML area to maintain
original natural flow of clean water downstream. Tentative capacities of settling
ponds and detention period for 50% of 1-hour and 24-hour heaviest rainfall
events (100.81 mm and 290.8 mm respectively). Assuming an average depth of
2.5 m, about 0.463 MCM of recharge is expected from these ponds for 50% of 1-
hour heaviest rainfall event.
Recharge Wells: The run-off from roads and paved area, greenbelt, dumps and
undisturbed area (this will vary with the progress of mine workings) will be routed
through garland drains and other storm water drains through silt traps and
settling ponds to allow clean water downstream. The amount of run-off from
these areas during 5th year will be 22,54,865.15 m³ and considering 80% of this
run-off after evaporation and other losses, 18,03,892.12 m³ will be discharged
through storm water and garland drains downstream after passing through the
silt traps and settling ponds. Recharge wells can be installed along these drains to
take the advantage of run-off directly recharging the aquifer being dewatered
from mine pits. Considering a 20% of recharge from the run-off through these
wells, 3,60,778.42 m³ (0.361 MCM) is expected as recharge. A typical artificial
recharge system through recharge well is presented in Figure-10.3. The
components of this artificial recharge system will include the following:
Storm water drains to route run-off from the open area to the infiltration
pond;
Silt trap to filter silt and suspended matter from rain water diverted from the
catchment;
Inlet for diverting the run-off into the recharge pit in a controlled manner;
Outlet at a lower level than inlet to avoid any backwater effect and safely
discharge excess run-off during peak events from the recharge pit; and
Recharge well as an induced recharge measure to allow water from the pond
by gravity to the deeper aquifer.
FIGURE-10.3
TYPICAL RECHARGE WELL IN ML AREA
In open cast mining, surface and ground water seeping into mine pits must be
controlled allow efficient mining operations. Run-off from the surrounding land
surface must be diverted away from mine, for example by using collector drains
and diversion bunds. Within a mine, any surface water and ground water seepage
must be controlled by the drains and sumps to collect the water away from
working areas. This method involves allowing surface water falling from the
rainfall within mine pit and ground water seepage to enter the pit, then directing
it to sumps to temporarily store via drains and ditches, from where it is pumped
away to the surface.
The entire water diverted from the mine working areas and ground water seepage
after the mine pit intersecting ground water will not be pumped at a stretch and
there will be minimum water column in the mine water collection sump. This will
act as recharge structure through porous media in the side walls and pit bottom.
Details of surface water collected from rainfall and ground water seepage at
different stages. Location and size of the water collection sump will vary
depending on the progress of mine workings. Recharge from the mine pit sump
as per the sump capacities ranges from 0.071 MCM during 1 st year to 0.064 MCM
at the conceptual stage.
About 463.18 ha biologically reclaimed land will be handed over to the Forest
department. Thus, the total biologically reclaimed area shall be 1247.74 ha for all
considerations. A list of plants suggested for greenbelt or safety zone planation,
avenue plantations and block plantation are given in Table-10.3.
TABLE-10.3
LIST OF TREES, SHRUBS AND HERBS INCLUDING GRASSES IDENTIFIED FOR
GREENBELT AND AFFORESTATION A 3-TIER SYSTEM WITH TREES, SHRUBS AND
HERBS IS PLANNED
The mine lease area is having Forest area and surrounding the ML area also there
are multiple forests. Hence, the entire villagers have to live in association with the
wildlife of the forests.
There is every possibility that the animals will move into villages for food and
water. The entry of wild life into surrounding areas makes an inevitable damage to
the human property, which need to dealt with care and patience otherwise it can
lead to human – animal conflict.
Be Proactive: Since most animals are afraid of humans, when animals become
habituated to humans or associate them for food. In order to avoid such situation,
the villagers will be given awareness training to not to feed the wild animals or
keep a palatable food of their choice in the human surroundings which attract wild
animals into human surroundings.
Plantation, which attracts animals, will be developed within the forest areas along
with water hole development in consultation with the forest department so that
animals prefer to stay in forest and doesn’t come out of forest areas in search of
food and water.
PVUNL will provide awareness session on regular basis and impart the knowledge
to local villagers through the wild life department or wild life specialist on handling
the situation which could lead to a conflict between humans & animals.
1. With the help of local people and employees of the company watch will be kept
and regular updates will be provided to the Forest Department in case sloth
bear is observed to be stranded near the railway line to relocate to safer area.
Fruit trees, like Mahua (madhucalati folia) Tendu (diospyrosmelanoxylon) and
Jamun (syzygiumcumini) etc will be planted for sloth bear;
1. Awareness among the local people for its conservation is prime important as
mostly the lizards are being hunted for meat, skin and medicine.
2. Illegal trade to meet the demand for skin, and consumption of monitor lizard
meat is a current challenge and therefore consumer-centric awareness
campaigns will be crucial.
3. The ongoing demand for Hatha Jodi and the myths and misconceptions
associated with its use clearly highlight the need to develop a robust
Roles and Responsibilities of the Project Proponent (PP) and State Forest and
Wildlife Department (SF&WD) in Conservation of Schedule-I Species is given in
Table-10.4.
TABLE-10.4
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT (PP) AND
STATE FOREST AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT (SF&WD) IN
CONSERVATION OF SCHEDULE I SPECIES
The responsibilities and role of User Agency or Project Proponent and the State
Forest and Wildlife Department (SF and WD) in case of conservation of Schedule I
species are under the legal jurisdiction, which is given below along with the
budget for first one year. The conservation plan shall be revised in consultation
with state forest and wild life department after one year based on the outcome of
first year.
Work to be executed by the User Agency or Project Proponent and the State
Forest and Wildlife Department for wildlife conservation in the core and buffer
area are included in following Table-10.5.
TABLE-10.5
WORK TO BE EXECUTED BY THE USER AGENCY & THE
STATE FOREST AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT
Stage wise Land degradation and technical reclamation details are furnished in
Table-10.6 & Table-10.7. The stage wise cumulative plantation is given in
Table-10.8.
TABLE-10.6
STAGE WISE DETAILS OF TENTATIVE LAND
DEGRADATION AND TECHNICAL RECLAMATION IN HA
Stage/ Year Land Degraded (ha) - Cumulative Technically Reclaimed Area (ha) -
Cumulative
Excavation Dump Infra/ Total Backfill Dump Others Total
(Surface+Top Others (Surface
Soil) + Top Soil)
Y-1 2024-25 142.93 22.62 67.56 233.11 - - - -
Y-3 2026-27 201.61 85.40 67.56 354.57 - - - -
Y-5 2028-29 295.7 164.31 67.56 527.57 - - - -
Y-7 2030-31 361.99 391.53 67.56 821.08 145.95 - - 145.95
Y-10 2033-34 423.55 452.94 67.56 944.05 201.00 - - 201.00
Y-15 2038-39 509.04 452.94 67.56 1029.54 320.00 - - 320.00
Y-20 2043-44 578.47 452.94 67.56 1098.97 390.00 - - 390.00
Y-25 2048-49 727.24 452.94 67.56 1247.74 458.89 - - 458.89
Y-30 2053-54 727.24 452.94 67.56 1247.74 598.00 - - 598.00
Post Closure
Year 2056-57 727.24 452.94 67.56 1247.74 727.24 452.94 67.56 1247.74
-33
TABLE-10.7
STAGE WISE DETAILS OF TENTATIVE BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION
Stage/ Year Biologically Reclaimed Area (ha) - Cumulative Forest Land Undisturbed Total
(Return) / To be left for Public/
Community Use
Public /
Agriculture Plantation Water Company Total Utilised Un
Body Use disturbed
Y-1 2024-25 - - - - - - - - -
Y-3 2026-27 - - - - - - - - -
Y-5 2028-29 - - - - - - - - -
Y-7 2030-31 - - - - - - - - -
Y-10 2033-34 - - - - - - - - -
Y-15 2038-39 - - - - - - - - -
Y-20 2043-44 - 55.75 - - - - - - -
Y-25 2048-49 - 123.89 - - - - - - -
Y-30 2053-54 - 239.27 - - - - - - -
Post Closure
Year 2056-57 74.90 574.66 0 135.00 784.5 463.18 54.77 164.91 1467.4
-33
TABLE-10.8
STAGE WISE CUMULATIVE PLANTATION
Others
Green Belt External Dump Backfilled (undisturbed/public Total
Sr. No. Year use/company etc.,)
Area No. of Area No. of Area No. of
Area (Ha) No. of Trees Area (Ha) No. of Trees
(Ha) Trees (Ha) Trees (Ha) Trees
1 Y-1 0.2 500 0.2 500
2 Y-3 0.6 1500 0.6 1500
3 Y-5 0.6 1500 0.6 1500
4 Y-7 1 2500 1 2500
5 Y-10 2.5 6250 2.5 6250
6 Y-15 5 12500 5 12500
7 Y-20 55.75 139375 55.75 139375
8 Y-25 123.89 309725 123.89 309725
9 Y-30 239.27 598175 239.27 598175
Y-30 to
10 655.95 1639875 155.75 389375 226.91 100000 1038.61 2129250
33
Total 665.85 1664625 0 0 574.66 1436650 226.91 100000 1467.42 3201275.00
The proposed mining area is not dissecting any natural streams. The storm water
and ground water intersected during the mining operation will be the source of
water accumulation within the active mining pit.
Accumulated mine pit water during the active mining period will be pumped while
post mining operation, there will be no accumulated water in the left-out voids. In
post closure phase the water shall be quarterly sampled and analysed to monitor
development of any acidity or toxicity in the accumulated water. As post mine
period, all of the broken areas will be backfilled and development of toxic water is
not anticipated.
The accumulated water will be utilised for the local community for agriculture and
other usage. Regular monitoring of the water quality will be carried out as per the
CPCB norms. Once the mine is closed, outside water will be prevented to enter
into the mined-out pits, which in turn will reduce the TDS and other solvents. The
pit water will be utilized for agricultural use, supply as drinking water after
treatment, and for pisciculture. Water quality analysis will be carried out as per
CPCB guidelines 2009.
The post closure activities will be restricted to limited operation only in the
following areas:
Most of the activities do not involve any regular dust generation, except the
dismantling works which will be restricted to a limited zones compared to the
whole project area. Water sprinkling will be continued before the vehicle
movement. Occasionally dust may be generated from the uncovered areas of the
dump. Regular sprinkling arrangements will be done till the areas are stabilized.
Quarterly Air Quality Monitoring will be done as per NAAQ standard (CPCB
guidelines, 2009).
TABLE-10.9
DETAILS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
TABLE-10.10
TENTATIVE TOPSOIL MANAGEMENT
Top Soil Management- (Including Action Plan for Top Soil Management)
(All figures are Cumulative and in MM3)
Top Soil Used "MM3"
Top Soil
Spreading Used in Total
removal Spreading Spreading
Stage over the Green Utilised
plan over over the
OB Dump Belt
"MM3" Embankment Backfill Area
Area Area
Y-1 2024-25 0.36 - - - - -
Y-3 2026-27 1.72 - - - - -
Y-5 2028-29 3.72 - - - - -
Y-7 2030-31 5.8 - - - - -
Y-10 2033-34 8.92 - - - - -
Y-15 2038-39 13.89 - 0.73 - - 0.73
Y-20 2043-44 17.94 - 4.12 - - 4.12
Y-25 2048-49 17.94 - 9.55 - - 9.55
Y-30 2053-54 17.94 - 11.93 - - 11.93
POST CLOSURE
Year-33 2056-57 17.94 - 17.94 - - 17.94
Since the project doesn’t envisage any washery, generation of rejects have not
been envisaged.
All infrastructure will be dismantled excluding the office and VT center, which will
be handed over to the state government. This aspect is well covered in the mine
closure chapters. Infrastructural land will be handed over to the society and local
community.
Thorough inspection of the mine and OB dump areas for assessing the left
over closure jobs of already reclaimed internal dump areas;
Inspection of infrastructure and water body areas for their safe reclamation
and abatement of any leftover dangers;
Action required making drainage and any fire areas safe for future period;
Making 2 m high fencing wall against excavated void area to prevent
inadvertent entry as per requirement;
Making safe approach road from surface to left out pit bottom for future uses,
as void becomes a water body; and
Completing the survey of total reclaimed areas like mined areas, internal
dumps, mine faces, quarry fencing and other areas to complete and update
the Mine Plans under Coal Mine Regulation.
The tentative capital cost of EMP would be about Rs. 11.73 Crores. The tentative
recurring cost would be about Rs. 5.86 Crores per annum. However, the actual
estimated cost will be obtained after preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
and detailed engineering.
TABLE -10.12
DETAILED BREAK UP OF THE BUDGET ALLOCATED TOWARDS
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
Banhardih coal block located in Auranga coal field in Latehar district of Jharkhand
state has been allocated to M/s. Patratu Vidyut Utapdan Nigam Limited (PVUNL),
a subsidiary of NTPC and Government of Jharkhand. This block is allotted for
captive mining for supply of coal to their M/s. Patratu Super Thermal Power
Project (PSTPP) by Ministry of Coal (MOC), Government of India vide
F.No.103/18/2015/NA dated 25.06.2018 for a total area of 1818.10 ha.
M/s. PVUNL has been assigned proposed Banhardih mine from previous allottee,
Jharkhand Urja Utapadan Nigam Ltd (JUUNL). Banhardih coal mine block over an
area of 1818.10 ha is located in villages Ate, Banhardih, Bari, Barwadih,
Jagaldaga, Rampur, Sabano, Surli, Tota and Renchi in Latehar & Chandwa tehsil,
Latehar district in Jharkhand state.
The overall block area is 1818.10 ha. Out of this, 581.61 ha land is forest land.
An application for forest clearance has been submitted for 549.48 ha of forest
land involved in 1467.42 ha mineable area of mine block. The balance forest land
is 32.13 ha falls under total Mine Lease (M.L) area which is outside the present
proposed block. Accordingly, the present EIA report and application for EC
pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA over an area of 1467.42 ha.
The mine lease area is 1467.42 ha and mining plan has been prepared for peak
capacity of 12.0 MTPA using opencast mining method covering an area of
1467.42 Ha only. Ministry of Coal (MOC) has accorded in-principal approval for
mining plan including Mine Closure Plan of Banhardih coal block vide Letter No:
CC/MP&MC/102/2021-22/Banhardih on 15.07.2021. Accordingly, the present EIA
report and application for EC pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA over an area of
1467.42 Ha.
The Public Hearing (PH) was conducted by Jharkhand State Pollution Control
Board (JSPCB) on 29.12.2021 at High School, Sasang, Ate village, Bari
Panchayat, Chandwa tehsil, Latehar district.
With a view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to the proposed
opencast coal mining project of 12.0 MTPA, M/s. PVUNL has awarded the EIA
study works to M/s. Vimta Labs Limited (VLL), Hyderabad, NABET accredited EIA
Consultant to prepare EIA report for various environmental components including
air, noise, water, land and biological components along with parameters of human
interest which may be affected and to prepare an Environment Management Plan
(EMP) for mitigating possible adverse impacts.
Chapter-11 Summary and Conclusion VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
REV. NO.:0
Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page: C11-2
Banhardih Coal Mine Block located in Auranga coalfield in Latehar District of state
of Jharkhand, has been allocated to Patratu Vidyut Utapdan Nigam Limited
(PVUNL), a subsidiary of NTPC and Government of Jharkhand. This block is
allotted for captive mining for supply of coal to their M/s. Patratu Super Thermal
Power Project (PSTPP) by Ministry of Coal, Government of India vide
F.No.103/18/2015 NA dated 25.06.2018 for a total area of 1818.10 Ha. M/s.
PSTPP is situated at a distance (by road) of approximately 100 km in the eastern
direction from the project area. Coal production is proposed through both surface
miner and conventional drilling & blasting methods.
Mining Plan for this block (excluding western part) was prepared by M/s. United
Exploration India Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata (UEIPL) based on the geological report on Coal
Exploration (2019) prepared by Department of Mines & Geology, Govt. of
Jharkhand on the partly explored block. Mining plan for mine capacity of 12.0
MTPA has been in-principle approved by Ministry of Coal on 15.07.2021.
The block was initially allotted to Jharkhand Urja Utpadan Nigam Limited (JUUNL)
and allotment agreement between nominated authority and JUUNL in this regard
was executed on 30.03.2015. The first and second amendment to the allotment
agreement was executed on 30.06.2015 & 17.01.2017 respectively.
Pursuant to the execution of deed of Assignment between M/s. JUUNL and M/s.
PVUNL, Nominated Authority issued a corrigendum no.2 to the allotment order
no. 103/18/2015/NA dated 30.06.2015 and allotment order issued in favour of
M/s. Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (PVUNL) vide allotment order No.
103/18/2015 NA dated 25.06.2018.
Ministry of Coal has accorded in-principal approval for Mining Plan including Mine
Closure Plan of Banhardih Coal Block on 15.07.2021.
An application for Forest Clearance has been submitted for 549.484 Ha of forest
land involved in 1467.42 Ha mineable area of mine block was on 18.09.2021. The
application was forwarded from PCCF to DFO Lathar on 25.11.2021. Essential
Details Sought (EDS) received from DFO on 08.02.2022 which is under
preparation. Tree enumeration and identification of compensatory afforestation
land is under progress. Gram sabha for issue of NOC under FRA Act completed for
3 villages.
M/s. Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Limited (PVUNL) has been incorporated on
15.10.2015 as a subsidiary of NTPC with 74 % stake in the Company and 26 % of
stake held by M/s. Jharkhand Bijli Vitaran Nigam Limited (JBVNL) for capacity
addition in two phases i.e. Phase-I (3 x 800 MW) and Phase-II (2 x 800 MW).
Jharkhand is the principal beneficiary state with 85 % allocation while 15 % of
power will remain as unallocated quota at the disposal of Govt of India. Patratu
Super Thermal Power Project (PSTPP) is located at Patratu village in Ramgarh
District of Jharkhand.
The general topography of the block characterizes with rolling terrain with low
ridges and depressions. Around 25 % of the block is covered with protected forest
located in the western part. Partly the villages like Renchi, Jagaldagga, Banhardih
and Sabanu are falling within the forest area. Rest of the area within the block is
covered with cultivated land and residential hutments. There is operating coalmine
i.e Sikni Colliery (0.3 km, South) from the proposed mine & there is also a brick
industry nearby Serak village.
The Bagdagga nala and Rajdaha nala and their tributaries forms the main
drainage system of the sector. The courses of nalas have been developed into
cultivated lands and some gully head bandhs have been constructed across the
nalas for storage of water for irrigation. A canal passes across the area from
north to south at the centre and parallel to main connecting road passes through
Surli, Huchlu and Bari villages.
Due to undulating nature of the land, a number of natural ponds have been
formed and these ponds are aligned in a definite line indicating a possible
presence of fracture. The environmental setting around the proposed coal-mining
project is given in Table-11.1 and Figure 11.1.
TABLE-11.1
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS
FIGURE-11.1
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS IN STUDY AREA (10 KM RADIUS FROM PROJECT)
Proposed production from the mine is 12 MTPA. The total cost of the project is
estimated about Rs. 5546 crores. Mining is proposed to be carried out by open-
cast method. Combination of shovel-dumper and surface miner are proposed for
coal extraction whereas OB removal by shovel-dumper. Drilling & blasting is
proposed for coal, OB and interburden.
Crushing is proposed for reduction of coal from ROM to (-100) mm size. Coal
evacuation within the mine will be done by 60 T coal body dumpers. Coal from
the CHP will be transported through a surface conveyor to the silos/load out point
located at southern boundary of the block, loading into railway wagon through
rapid loading system and to be dispatched through the railways. The coal has to
be transported from Banhardih to Patratu STPP by rail, which is at distance of
approximate 95 km by rail.
TABLE-11.2
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROPOSED COAL MINE
Land Requirement
The Banhardih coal block comprises of about 1818.10 ha area distributed over 10
nos. of villages. It administratively falls under the Latehar District, Jharkhand
State. Out of this, 31.99 % is designated as forest land, tenancy land is 40.69 %,
Government/ non- forest land is 27.32. Present and pre-mining land use is given
in Table-11.3 and Table-11.4 respectively.
TABLE-11.3
PRESENT LAND USE OF TOTAL MINE BLOCK
Sub-Total 1818.10
Source: Approved Mining Plan
An application for forest clearance has been submitted for 549.48 ha of forest
land involved in 1467.42 ha mineable area of mine block. Accordingly, the
present EIA report and application for EC pertains to coal mining of 12 MTPA over
an area of 1467.42 ha.
A village road, passing through the central part of the block needs to be shifted
beforehand of mining operation. The detail engineering of the road will be made
with due consultation with the Public Works Department, Government of
Jharkhand. A village wise break up of 1467.42 ha of project area.
TABLE-11.4
PRE-MINING LAND DISTRIBUTION OF CURRENT MINEABLE AREA
Water Requirement
Total requirement of water is estimated as 11.25 MLD for the block (Potable – 2.3
MLD; Industrial – 8.95 MLD).
In usual condition of the mining, this mine will operate in a “Zero Discharge”
scenario. The mine pit accumulated water will be pumped and stored in the
central sump for workshop, sprinkling and plantation use. Storm water discharge
may happen only in the rainy season due to sudden inrush of storm water.
Power Requirement
has also requested for the provision of additional 132 kV bay for power supply to
the Banhardih coal mine.
Manpower Requirement
Manpower required for 12 MTPA production based on 330 working days shall be
approximately 1306. This manpower include persons employed from PVUNL and
MDO both.
Coal produced by surface miner will be dispatched to power plant directly while
coal produced through drilling and blasting will be subjected to primary crushing
to reduce the size less than 100 mm. Overburden excavation through drilling &
blasting while removal through shovel dumper combination.
The baseline studies were carried from out during 1st December 2020 to 30th
November 2021 (covering all four seasons) in the various domains of
environment.
11.8.1 Meteorology
The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study
period and comprises of parameters like wind speed, wind direction (from 0 to
360 degrees), temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall and
cloud cover. The meteorological parameters have been recorded and are
presented in Table-11.5.
TABLE-11.5
SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE
Ten ambient air quality locations were monitored in and around project site. The
summarized data of ambient air quality for winter, Pre-monsoon, monsoon and
post-monsoon season is given in Table-11.6.
TABLE-11.6
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS
(WINTER, PRE-MONSOON, MONSOON AND POST-MONSOON SEASON)
It has been observed that the PM10 ranged from 27.1-62.8 µg/m3. The
maximum PM10 62.8 µg/m3 was observed in Pre-monsoon season and
minimum PM10 i.e. 27.1 µg/m3 was observed in winter and monsoon season.
It has been observed that the PM2.5 ranged from 11.3-33.7 µg/m3. The
maximum PM2.5 i.e. 33.7 µg/m3 was observed in Pre-monsoon season and
minimum PM2.5 i.e. 11.3 µg/m3 was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the SO2 concentration ranged from 6.9-16.6 µg/m3.
The maximum SO2 concentration i.e. 16.6 µg/m3 was observed in winter
season and minimum SO2 concentration i.e. 6.9 µg/m3 was observed in
monsoon season.
It has been observed that the NO2 concentration ranged from 10-21.0 µg/m3.
The maximum NO2 values i.e. 21.0 µg/m3 was observed in winter season and
minimum NO2 values i.e. 10.0 µg/m3 was also observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the CO concentration ranged from 143-339 µg/m3.
The maximum CO values 339 µg/m3 was observed in monsoon and post-
monsoon season and minimum CO values i.e. 143 µg/m3 was observed in
monsoon season.
It has been observed that the Ozone (O3) µg/m3 of the air in the study area
ranged from 2.2-10.5 µg/m3. The maximum concentration i.e 10.5 µg/m3 was
observed in pre-monsoon season and minimum concentration i.e. 2.2 µg/m3
was observed in monsoon season.
The concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO, NH3, Pb, BaP, As, Ni and
C6H6 are observed to be well within the NAAQS standards 2009.
The land use pattern of the study area indicates that 40.1% of the study area is
under agricultural lands followed by water bodies of about 31.5 %. Percentage of
built-up area and forest area is about 5.6 % and 31.5 % respectively. Wastelands
are about 12.9 % of study area.
The soil samples were collected during during 1 st December 2020 to 30th
November 2021 (covering all four seasons). The soil samples were collected at 15
locations in the study area.
It has been observed that the pH of the soil in the study area ranged from
5.84-7.52. The maximum pH 7.52 was observed in monsoon season and
minimum pH i.e. 5.84 was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the electrical conductivity of the soil in the study
area ranged from 38.6-168.5 µS/cm. The maximum EC i.e. 168.5 µS/cm was
observed in monsoon season and minimum EC i.e. 38.6 µS/cm was observed
in winter season.
It has been observed that the Nitrogen values of the soil in the study area
ranged from 37.6-89.6 kg/ha. The maximum Nitrogen i.e. 89.6 kg/ha was
observed in pre-monsoon & monsoon season and minimum Nitrogen i.e. 37.6
kg/ha was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the phosphorus values of the soil in the study area
ranged from 52.6-152.6 kg/ha. The maximum phosphorus values 152.6 kg/ha
was observed in monsoon season and minimum phosphorus values i.e. 52.6
kg/ha was observed in winter season.
Chapter-11 Summary and Conclusion VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
REV. NO.:0
Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page: C11-14
It has been observed that the potassium values of the soil in the study area
ranged from 253.6-364.2 kg/ha. The maximum potassium values 364.2 kg/ha
was observed in pre-monsoon season and minimum potassium values i.e.
253.6 kg/ha was observed in winter season.
It has been observed that the chlorides of the soil in the study area ranged
from 48.9-112.4 mg/kg. The maximum chlorides 112.4 mg/kg was observed
in pre-monsoon season and minimum chlorides ie. 48.9 mg/kg was observed
in winter season.
It has been observed that the calcium of the soil in the study area ranged
from 685-1452 mg/kg. The maximum calcium 1452 mg/kg was observed in
winter season and minimum calcium i.e. 685 mg/kg was also observed in
winter season.
It has been observed that the Magnesium of the soil in the study area ranged
from 168.0 -521.6 mg/kg. The maximum Magnesium 521.6 mg/kg was
observed in monsoon season and minimum Magnesium ie. 168 mg/kg was
observed in winter season.
The results of surface water sample analysis indicate that the pH value was
observed to be in the range of 6.7-7.91, which are well within the specified
standards of 6.5 to 8.5. The minimum concentration was found in winter season
and maximum concentration was found in pre-monsoon and monsoon season.
The total hardness was found to be in the range of 71.6 mg/l to 229.3 mg/l.
Maximum concentration was found in winter season (January 2021) and the
minimum concentration was also found in winter season (December 2020) are
well within the standards.
The chloride concentration was observed in the range of 29.6 mg/l to 96.3 mg/l
and the sulphates were found to be in the range of 16.5 mg/l to 68.5 mg/l.
Maximum concentration was found in post-monsoon season and the minimum
concentration was found in winter season are well within the standards.
Chapter-11 Summary and Conclusion VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
REV. NO.:0
Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page: C11-15
Fluoride content was found to be in the range of 0.4 mg/l to 0.9 mg/l.
Maximum concentration was found in post-monsoon season and the minimum
concentration was also found in pre-monsoon and monsoon season are well
within the standards.
The total coliform counts are 590-1340 in all the samples against the standard
limit of 10 MPN/100 ml. Maximum concentration was found in monsoon season
and the minimum concentration was found in post-monsoon season and are
well within the standards.
The analysis results of ground water samples showed the pH in range of 6.84-
7.68 which are with the specified standard limits of 6.5 to 8.5.
The total hardness of the samples ranged from 79.7-432.9 mg/l. The
minimum value was observed in winter season and whereas the maximum
value was also observed in winter season.
Calcium and magnesium concentrations ranged from 16.4-112.6 mg/l and 8.9-
37.4 mg/l respectively.
The total dissolved solids of the samples ranged from 141.9-1072.1 mg/l. The
maximum value was observed in winter season whereas the minimum value
was also observed at winter season.
Range of chlorides and sulphates concentrations at all the locations are 34.8-
298.6 mg/l and 17.9-84.6 mg/l respectively.
Fluoride concentration ranged from 0.4-0.9 mg/l and is found to be within the
permissible limits. The maximum value was observed in post-monsoon season
and minimum value was observed in pre-monsoon season.
Similarly, nitrates are also found to be ranging in between 3.59-10.3 mg/l. The
maximum value was observed in post-monsoon season and minimum value was
observed in pre-monsoon season.
Iron concentrations in ground water varied from 0.01-0.39 mg/l. The maximum
value was observed in post-monsoon season. And minimum values was also
observed in post monsoon season
The total coliform counts are absent in all the samples against the standard limit
of 10 MPN/100 ml.
The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at
fifteen locations in the study area.
The day time noise levels were ranging in between 40.0 dB (A) to 50.9 dB (A). The
maximum value 50.9 dB (A) (Post-Monsoon Season) was recorded at Karihma (N2)
and the minimum value 40.0 dB (A) (Winter Season) was recorded at ML Area near
Chattasemal (N1).
The night time noise levels were ranging in between 31.4 dB (A) to 48.9 dB (A).
The maximum value 48.9 dB (A) (in Post-Monsoon season) was recorded at Obar
(N13) and the minimum value 31.4 dB (A) (Monsoon season) was recorded at Near
Renchi PF (N5).
The mine lease area or its buffer zone are not ecologically sensitive. Sal is the
dominant forest tree. Sisal hemp is cultivated in degraded forest areas. Mahua is
the most widely cultivated tree in rural areas. Mango and Ber are the main fruit
trees. There were no threatened plant species either in the core area or buffer
zone. Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Peacock (Pavo cristatus), Python (Python
molurus) and Common monitor (Varanus bengalensis) are the four schedule I
fauna reported from the forests of the buffer zone. Honeycombs were very
abundant in the forest and non-forest including residential areas in the study area
which are said to sustain Sloth bears.
There are no eco-sensitive areas such as the Biosphere Reserves, National Parks,
Wildlife Sanctuaries, Ramsar Wetlands, Important Bird Areas (IBAs) or Nature
Heritage sites within 10 km from the project site. There are no Tiger or Elephant
corridors within the 10 km radius.
Detailed study of flora and fauna has been conducted by Dr. Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee University, Ranchi.
The coal mine developmental activities will result in loss of topsoil to some
extent. This topsoil requires proper handling like separate stacking so that, it can
be used for greenbelt development. Apart from this, no significant adverse impact
on soil in the surrounding area is anticipated during site preparation.
The general topography of the block characterizes with rolling terrain with low
ridges and depressions. Elevation level of boreholes reveals that the minimum of
423.17 m in borehole no 2 W and maximum of 459.90 m in borehole no 20 E.
Around 25% of the block is covered with protected forest located in the western
part. Partly the villages like Jagaldagga, Banhardih, and Sabanu are falling within
the forest area. Rest of the area within the block is covered with cultivated land
and residential hutments. During mining and allied operations, some changes to
the pre-mining land use will happen due to the following activities:
Removal of topsoil;
Removal of overburden (OB);
Dumping of overburden (OB);
Stockpile of coal;
Construction of mine infrastructure facilities such as inclines, pit office, haul
road etc., within the lease area;
Formation of garland drain around the mine lease; and
Subsidence of surface topography of the area.
The Bagdagga nala and Rajdaha nalas and their tributaries forms the main
drainage system of the sector. The courses of nalas have been developed into
cultivated lands and some gully head bandhs have been constructed across the
nalas for storage of water for irrigation. A canal passes across the area from
north to south at the Centre and parallel to main connecting road passes through
Surli, Huchlu and Bari villages. Due to undulating nature of the land, a number of
natural ponds have been formed and these ponds are aligned in a definite line
indicating a possible presence of fault.
The ML area of Banhardih coal block is 1818.18 Ha. Out of this, 31.99 % is
designated as forest land, tenancy land is 40.69 %, Government/Non- Forest land
is 27.32 %.
The average workable coal seam thickness are found to be 4.23 m (seam R2) to
37.86 m (Seam 1B), however the seam gradients are found to be on much higher
side upto 45 deg. Considering the geo-mining parameters of the block, it has
been planned to deploy Surface Miner as well as to adopt drilling and blasting for
Chapter-11 Summary and Conclusion VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
REV. NO.:0
Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page: C11-18
coal excavation in this project. There will be no drilling and blasting till 7 th year of
mining operation.
The proposed mechanised opencast mining of coal mine project mineable area is
1467.42 ha.
After the proposed changes during mining, the changed land uses shall be
subjected to reclamation, rehabilitation, during ongoing period and then in post
mining period at final mine closure activities. The post-mining land-use at the end
of mineralization at a production rate for 12 MTPA capacity of coal production,
based on existing surface plan is presented below in Table-11.7.
TABLE-11.7
POST MINING LAND USE OF MINE BLOCK AREA
Sr. Description Agricultural Land Use (Post Closure) (in Ha) Total
No Land Plantation Water Public/ Forest Land Undis
body Company (Returned) turbed
Uses
1 Excavation - - - - - -
2 Backfilled area 74.90 545.35 - - 106.99 - 727.24
3 Top soil dump - 12.24 - - - - 12.24
External 91.35 349.35 440.70
Dump/Surface
Dump
(Temporary)
4 Safety zone - 7,85 - - - - 7.85
5 Haul roads - 9.22 - 0.99 - 10.21
between quarries
6 Road diversion - - - 5.58 - - 5.58
7 Settling pond - - - 0.64 - 0.64
8 Road and - - 33.24 2.46 - 35.70
infrastructure
area
9 Garland drains - - - 4.83 2.75 - 7.58
10 Undisturbed - - - - 54.77 164.91 219.68
/Mining Rights
for UG
Grand total 74.90 574.66 0.0 135.00 517.95 164.91 1467.42
Source: Approved Mining Plan of Banhardih
Land degradation is one of the major adverse outcomes of mining activities and
any effort to control adverse impacts is considered incomplete when appropriate
land reclamation strategy is not adopted. This is carried out in two phases:
Physical/Technical Reclamation
During the process, the geometrical shape of the internal dumps is improved to
make it amenable to effective biological reclamation and also to provide safety
and stability.
Biological Reclamation
Nitrogen fixing tree species for fuel wood, timber and fodder;
Fruit bearing tree species;
Tree species with dense foliage for shade; and
Flowering and ornamental tree species.
TABLE-11.9
STAGE WISE DETAILS OF TENTATIVE BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION
Safety barrier of 7.5 m width along the block boundary and reserve locked up
within the safety barrier has been estimated separately. However, provision of 50
m safety barrier has been planned all along the surface dumps towards the
block boundary.
Topsoil Management
The topsoil in the active mining area gets adversely affected. The topsoil is to be
separately kept. The soil quality of the surrounding area is also likely to get
affected due to siltation and run off from waste dumps. The mine drainage, if it is
acidic and containing toxic constituents, not adequately treated when discharged
to nearby land would affect the soil quality adversely; when discharged untreated
into streams effects the quality of water and make it unfit for agricultural use.
The process of mining starts from scrapping of topsoil. Average topsoil in the
proposed area of excavation found to be around 3.1 m. Top soil will be scrapped
and stored in the designated place as shown in the respective stage plans. Topsoil
will be utilized in the embankment in the initial years, however, will be spread
over the reclaimed area in later phases during the progressive and final closure of
the mine.
The overburden generated in the initial 5 th years will be dumped on the surface in
the central part of the Block. Concurrent backfilling will commence from the 6 th
year of production commencement. Re-handling of the surface dump will
commence after final year of the production commencement and proposed to be
completed by end of post closure period. The temporary surface dump will be
utilized for active dumping till 10th Year of mining operation.
Mitigation Measures
The following control measures to prevent soil erosion and wash off of fines from
freshly excavated benches and dumps will be adopted:
Garland drains will be provided around the mine to arrest any soil from the
mine area being carried away by the rainwater.
The bench levels will be provided with water gradient against the general pit
slope to decrease the speed of storm water and prevent its uncontrolled
descent.
Special local stone paved chutes and channels will be provided to allow
controlled descent of water, especially from external dumps.
Gullies formed, if any, on side of the benches will be provided with check
dams of local stone or sand filled bags.
The inactive dump slopes will be planned with bushes, grass, shrubs, and
trees to prevent soil erosion after applying topsoil; and
Retaining walls (with gabion, concrete, or local stone) will be provided to
support the benches or any loose material and to arrest sliding of loose debris.
After exhaustion of the total workable coal reserves, within the lease area,
the changed land form will be subjected to post mining reclamation activities,
for best possible land uses.
Opencast mining operations lead to increment of air pollutants and dust (PM 10
levels) levels due to mining activity. Major gaseous pollutant levels incremented
due to mining activity include NO2, SO2 and CO are basically generated from the
burning of fossil fuel in mobile and stationary sources. The dust levels are
increased due to physical activities mechanization, movement of vehicles,
handling of solids and fugitive emissions from storage areas.
Dust as PM10 is the most important air pollutant to be generated in the core area
of the mining activity. The coal will be transported from Banhardih to Patratu
STPP by rail, which is at distance of approximate 95 km by rail. Hence, the
modelling is done only for the trucks moving in the haul roads of inside the coal
mine. The incremental concentrations for the proposed coal mine without and
with control measures for winter season are given in Table-11.10.
TABLE-11.10
RESULTANT GLC’s (WINTER SEASON)
Mitigation measures suggested for air pollution controls are based on the baseline
ambient air quality of the area. From the point of view of maintenance of an
acceptable ambient air quality in the region, it is desirable that air quality is
monitored on a regular basis to check compliance of standards as prescribed by
regulatory authorities. Fugitive dust will be generated in open cast mine due to
drilling, blasting, handling of overburden and coal. To control dust from various
operations following measures will be restored.
The production of blast fumes containing noxious gases should be reduced by the
following methods:
Proper and proportionate mixing of fuel oil with ammonium nitrate to ensure
complete detonation.
Use of adequate booster/primer; and
Proper stemming of the blast hole.
Drilling Operations
The following steps will be taken to reduce dust generation due to drilling activities:
Dust produced during deep large blast hoe drilling will be controlled by
maintaining the drilling speed as recommended by the manufactures.
All the drills will be equipped with well-designed dust extractor arrangement.
Wet drilling will be practised & drills fitted with dust control devices will be used.
Blasting Operations
The following practices will be maintained in order to reduce dust generation:
Recommended design of the geometry of blast holes will be maintained for
appropriate results;
Controlled blasting will usually be done in daytime during the shift change over
period; and
The operation will be in conformity with the existing laws with closer control of
blasting parameters including results of blasting like desired fragmentation,
permitted vibration, etc.
Suppression of coal dust during coal handling by fine nozzle mounted fixed
sprinklers and covering of belt conveyors.
Minimization of the height of coal-fall at transfer points to reduce the dust
generation. Improved maintenance of plant and machinery.
Controlling CO Levels
NO2 emissions in the mine mainly occur during blasting operations. The main
reasons for NO2 emissions are:
Use of good quality explosives having proper oxygen balance with regular
monitoring;
Regular updating of the date of manufacture/expiry to avoid confusions. A
normal procedure should be formulated to check/visually inspect all
Total requirement of water is estimated as 11.25 MLD for the block (Potable – 2.3
MLD; Industrial – 8.95 MLD).
In usual condition of the mining, this mine will operate in a “Zero Discharge”
Scenario. The mine pit accumulated water will be pumped and stored in the
central sump for workshop, sprinkling and plantation use. Water discharge may
happen only in the rainy season due to sudden inrush of storm water.
The likely sources of water pollution from Banhardih along with type of pollutants
are as follows:
The impact of mining on both surface water source and ground water resource
has been assessed as follows:
For complying with the statutory provisions of MoEF&CC and Pollution Control
Board, water quality will be monitored and evaluated. Corrective measures will be
taken on the basis of monitoring results. The following measures are suggested to
control the water pollution:
Chapter-11 Summary and Conclusion VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
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Final Environmental Impact Assessment
REV. NO.:0
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Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
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o Sufficient safeguards during the planning stage to make the project eco-
friendly from water pollution control point of view;
o Effluent from workshop will be treated in the effluent treatment plant with
zero discharge;
o Sanitary wastewater will be treated mainly for total suspended solids (TSS)
and bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD) in septic tanks and soak pits;
o Garland drains will be provided around coal stacks to collect run-off water and
diverting it into settling ponds before discharging.
The following measures will substantiate the water requirement of the project and
enhance ground water recharge to reduce the impact of lowering of water table
due to mine dewatering in the vicinity and downstream:
Mitigation Measures
The ambient noise level of the project will be monitored regularly. Noise levels
are likely to remain within the limits of the prescribed standard. So, the noise
produced from this project will not have auditory, non-auditory, masking effects,
etc. as suitable mitigation measures shall be taken in the project.
Controlled blasting technique will be adopted in the project. So, there will be no
significant adverse effects on life, property and ambient noise. The following
measures will be taken:
Greenbelt around the quarry, infrastructure sites and service building area
besides avenue plantation on both sides of the roads;
To maintain noise level at nighttime within the limit for the inhabited localities
situated at a very close proximity;
Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise areas; and
The ecology and biodiversity of the mining area is disturbed due to degradation of
vegetation cover, especially due to loss of forest lands. About 463.18 Ha
biologically reclaimed land will be handed over to the forest department. Thus,
the total biologically reclaimed area will be 1247.74 Ha for all considerations.
There are four schedule I species in the mine lease area of 1818.10 Ha. But they
have been reported from the buffer zone. List of Schedule I species reported from
the buffer zone is given in Table-11.11. A detailed Wildlife Conservation Plan is
prepared for Schedule-I species.
TABLE-11.11
LIST OF SCHEDULE I SPECIES REPORTED FROM
THE BUFFER ZONE OF THE MINE LEASE
(VU MEANS VULNERABLE AND LC MEANS LEAST CONCERN)
The Banhardih coal block project of PVUNL covers villages of Renchi, Sabano,
Jagaldaga, Banhardi, Surli, Rampur, Ete, Barwadih, Tota and Bari. The project will
acquire 1818.10 ha of land from the ten villages. All households of the ten
villages will be affected as either their lands or houses will be acquired for the
coal mining project.
The villages in the periphery will also be affected as a result of the project. Some
of the villages located in the periphery of the coal mining project have also been
taken for study. These villages are Renchi, Darea, Tarhasi, Zalim Khurd, Latdag,
Aragunde, Sasang, Serak, Ambatiker and Kaima. For this reason, a detailed
socio-economic study and Social Impact Assessment of Project Affected Families
has been done by Asian Institute of Sustainable Development, Ranchi and a
Rehabilitation Action Plan has been prepared as per Jharkhand R & R Policy 2008
and the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.
The mining project will affect the core villages directly, but will also indirectly
affect the villages situated in the peripheral areas. Therefore, the peripheral
villages situated in 10 km radius around the project sites, have also been studied.
There are 1592 HSOs who will be losing land and home. The compensation
package for land loosing families of Banhardih Coal Block Project area has been
prepared in consonance with the JRRP, 2008 and RFCTLARR 2013.
The compensation package or the R&R Entitlement Matrix for PAFs of Banhardih
coal block project area will be prepared in consonance with the JRRP 2008 and
RFCTLARR 2013. The compensation package for PAFs will be worked out as per
the provision of JRRP 2008 subject to the current CPI. The CPI of the current year
for 1592 HSOs will be taken into consideration while calculating compensation
packages. Absentee PAFs should also be considered when they come forward for
the claim.
Economic evaluation for environmental cost benefit analysis is done for 30 years
only as life of mine is 30 years. The Environmental Cost: Benefit Ratio (1:B/A)
would be about 1:14.00. Thus, the project gives positive benefit/cost ratio. The
monetary returns of the project are positive over the environmental losses.
An effective Disaster Management Plan (DMP) to mitigate the risks involved will be
implemented for the proposed project. This plan defines the responsibilities and
resources available to respond to the different types of emergencies envisaged.
Training exercises will be held to ensure that all personnel are familiar with their
responsibilities and that communication links are functioning effectively.
There are 1592 HSOs who will be losing land and home. The compensation
package for land loosing families of Banhardih Coal Block Project area has been
prepared in consonance with the JRRP, 2008 and RFCTLARR 2013.
PVUNL is committed to help the population displaced for execution of its projects
and has been making efforts to improve the socio-economic status of Project
Affected Families (PAFs). In line with its social objectives, the Company Has
focused on effective Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) of PAPs and also on
Community Development (CD) works, in and around its projects.
Compensation and other R&R benefits shall be fixed as per the Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCT LARR Act, 2013) which is applicable since
01.01.2014. NTPC has revised its R&R Policy to incorporate R&R entitlements as
per RFCT LARR Act, 2013 as also retained NTPC’s good practices / guidelines on
facilities to be extended for Project Affected Families (PAFs).
In addition to this, in line with parent company NTPC’s Policy and practices,
various Community Development activities in the areas of Health, Drinking Water,
Sanitation, Skill Development, Training, Infrastructure etc., will be taken up. Till
date PVUN has spent more than Rs. 6.85 crores towards community development
nearby its Patratu STPP area. Banhardih CMP has incurred approximately Rs. 42
lakhs for Community Development works till March 2022. As the project
Chapter-11 Summary and Conclusion VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad
DOC. NO: 2025/999/GOG/S/001
Final Environmental Impact Assessment
REV. NO.:0
Report for the
Banhardih Coal Mining Project of ISSUE DATE: 25.04.2022
12 MTPA Capacity Page: C11-29
development will start the similar welfare & development activities under
Community development/Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) will be
started.
Additional Studies
Detailed study of flora and fauna has been conducted by Dr. Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee University, Ranchi. Wildlife Conservation Plan is prepared by M/s.
Vimta Labs Ltd, Hyderabad;
Socio-economic study and social impact Assessment of Project Affected
Families (PAF) of Banhardih coal block project was prepared by Asian Institute
for sustainable development in February 2019;
Area drainage & Nallah diversion studies has been prepared by M/s. Vimta
Labs Ltd;
A detailed hydrogeology study has been carried out by M/s. Vimta Labs Ltd,
Hyderabad.
11.15 Conclusions
The proposed opencast coal mine is planned with annual production capacity of
12 MTPA.
The baseline environmental studies have been carried out with respect to
meteorological conditions, air quality water quality, soil quality, geology,
vegetation pattern, ecology, land use and socio-economic profiles of people.
The baseline values for air, noise, surface water and ground water sampling are
found to be within the prescribed limits. The impacts have been assessed for the
proposed mining activity and effective mitigation measures will be implemented.
12.1 Introduction
Studies were carried out by several institutions of different disciplines during the
preparation of the EIA/EMP report based on the Terms of Reference accorded by
MOEF&CC. EIA and Hydrogeological Study has been conducted by M/s Vimta Labs
Ltd., Hyderabad. Socio-economic Study for project affected areas has been done
by Asian Institute of Sustainable Development, Ranchi. List of flora & fauna and
other ecology information has been authenticated by Dr. Shyama Prasad
Mukherjee University, Ranchi in consultation with M/s Vimta Labs Ltd.,
Hyderabad.
The Environment Division has been in the forefront of its vision to provide
better environment through guiding and assisting the industry for sustainable
development. A stalwart in the mission to protect and preserve the natural
resources on earth for future generations, it offers extensive research and
consultancy services in the field of environment. With its rich experience, multi-
disciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-art analytical
equipment, the services offered by the division are wide ranging and
encompasses entire gamut of environment management and monitoring services.
With its emphasis on quality services over the years, it has evolved itself into a
single reference point in India for comprehensive environmental services. M/s
Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad is an accredited EIA consultant organisation with
QCI/NABET under various sectors including coal mining & mining of minerals
including opencast and underground mining (Sector 1(a)(i)) for Category ‘A’
projects.
Spread over 70,000 sq.ft lush green garden premises at Cherlapally, Hyderabad
(India), the scientifically designed and meticulously groomed infrastructural
facility of the Central Laboratory of VIMTA has the most sophisticated
instruments backed by an excellent team of professionals.
Over 150,000 sq. ft. of world class research laboratory is also under operation at
Biotech Park-Genome Valley, Hyderabad (India). Having all the facilities under
one roof is perhaps the only one of its kind in South Asia in the contract testing
and research sector.
Environment;
Analytical;
Clinical Reference Lab;
Clinical Research;
Preclinical;
Molecular Biology; and
Research and Development.
The environment division of VIMTA Labs Limited (VLL) has its presence all over
India and other countries including a strong association with international
consultants like Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Kennametal
Inc.-USA, Rudal Blanchard–UK, E&E Solutions–Japan, NAPESCO & Kuwait
National Petroleum Corporation–Kuwait, Marafiq and Haif Consultants–Saudi
Arabia and others. Vimta Labs Limited has the following credentials:
The basic fact that environment division and its supporting site laboratories are
accredited by NABL (IS0-17025) and Ministry of Environment and Forests, India
and by other international bodies stand testimony to its emphasis on Quality
Systems.
12.2.7 Achievements
Being the first laboratory to be recognized under Environment Protection (EP) Act
by Government of India (GOI), environment division with its best mind power and
industrial knowledge competency that allows it to compare with the best in the
business.
The environment division till date has executed about 650 environmental
impact assessment and environment management studies with risk
assessment and disaster management plans for various spectrum of industries
and obtained statutory approvals;
Undertaken environmental impact assessment studies for pulp and paper mill
expansion of Mufindi Paper Mills, Tanzania, Africa; and
The details of the persons involved in the preparation of present EIA/EMP report
are presented below:
FAE – Functional Area Expert MSW – Municipal Solid Waste RH – Risk and Hazardous
GEO – Geology ISW – Industrial Solid Waste NV – Noise and Vibrations
AP – Air Pollution LU/LC- Land Use and Land Cover SC-Soil Conservation
AQ – Air Quality (Modeling) SHW – Solid and Hazardous Waste
WP – Water Pollution SE – Socio-Economic
EB – Ecology and Biodiversity HG – Hydrogeology