Self-Help To ICSE Frank Mathematics 10 PDF

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Contents
Unit I Commercial Mathematics
1. Goods and Service Tax 1—16
Exercise 1 1—16
2. Banking 17—27
Exercise 2 17—22
Miscellaneous Exercise 22—24
Board Paper Questions 24—27
3. Shares and Dividends 28—45

Exercise 3 28—37
Unit II Algebra
4. Linear Inequations 46—59
Exercise 4 46—52
5. Quadratic Equations 60—99
Exercise 5 - A 60—66
Exercise 5 - B 66—72
Exercise 5 - C 72—74
Exercise 5 - D 74—76
Exercise 5 - E 76—78
Exercise 5 - F 78—80
Exercise 5 - G 80—83
Exercise 5 - H 83—87
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6. Ratio and Proportion 100—122

Exercise 6 100—116
7. Factorization of Polynomials 123—139
8. Matrices 140—167
9. Arithmetic and Geometric Progression 168—201
Board Paper Questions 201
Unit III : Co-Ordinate Geometry
10. Reflection 202—235
11. Section Formula 236—254

Exercise 11 - A 236—241
Exercise 11 - B 241—246
12. Equation of a Straight Line 255—290
Exercise 12 - A 255—262
Exercise 12 - B 262—276
Unit IV Geometry
13. Similarity 291—318
Exercise 13 - A 291—302
Exercise 13 - B 302—304
14. Locus 319—330
15. Circles 331—379
Exercise 15 - A 331—344
Exercise 15 - B 344—350
Exercise 15 - C 350—362
16. Constructions 380—390
Unit V Mensuration
17. Area and Volume of Solids 391—438
Exercise 17 - A 391—400
Exercise 17 - B 400—407
Exercise 17 - C 407—424
Unit VI Trigonometry
18. Trigonometry 439—469
Exercise 18 - A 439—450
Exercise 18 - B 451—458
Exercise 18 - C 458—459
19. Heights and Distances 470—503
Unit VII Statistics
20. Measures of Central Tendency and Graphical Representation 504—605
Exercise 20 - A 504—513
Exercise 20 - B 513—525
Exercise 20 - C 525—534
Unit VIII Probability
21. Probability 606—624
Exercise 21 - C 606—618
Exercise 1
1. A shopkeeper buys a Braille typewriter for `40,000 and sells it to a consumer for `45,000. If the
rate of GST is 5%, find the GST paid by the shopkeeper to the Government.
Sol. C.P. of an article = `40,000
Rate of GST = 5%
5
Input GST i.e. GST paid by the shopkeeper = `40000 × = `2000
100
S.P. of an article = `45,000
5
Output GST i.e. GST received by the shopkeeper = `45000 × = `2250
100
 GST paid by the shopkeeper to the government = Output GST – Input GST
= `2250 – `2000 = `250
2. A dealer buys almonds for `750 and sells it at profit of 20%. If the rate of GST is 12%, find the
CGST and SGST deposited by him with the Government.
Sol. Since, it is a case of Intra-state transaction of goods and services.
1
 CGST = SGST = × GST
2
CP of an article = `750
Rate of GST = 12%
 CGST = SGST = 6%
6
Input CGST i.e. CGST paid by the dealer = `750 × = `45
100
6
Input SGST i.e. SGST paid by the dealer = `750 × = `45
100
The seller sold the article at the profit of 20%.
SP of an article = ` 750 + 20% of ` 750 = ` 750 + ` 150 = ` 900
Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 1 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

6
Output CGST i.e. CGST received by the dealer = `900 × = `54
100
6
Output SGST i.e. SGST received by the dealer = `900 × = `54
100
 CGST paid by the shopkeeper to the government = Output CGST – Input SGST
= `54 – `45 = `9
and SGST paid by the shopkeeper to the government = Output CGST – Input SGST
= `54 – `45 = `9
3. A manufacturer sells a wet grinder to a wholesaler for `2500. The wholesaler sells it to a retailer
at a profit of `500 and the retailer sells it to a customer at a profit of `800. If the GST charged
is 12%, and all sales are intra-state, find
(i) The amount of GST received from the wholesaler by the State government.
(ii) The amount of GST received from the wholesaler by the Central government.
(ii) The price paid by the customer for the wet grinder.
Sol. Given, SP of wet grinder for manufacturer = `2500
Rate of GST = 12%
1 1
Since, it is a case of intra-state,  CGST = SGST = × GST = × 12 = 6 %
2 2
6
Input CGST of wholesaler i.e. CGST paid by wholesaler = `2500 × = `150
100
6
Input SGST of wholesaler i.e. SGST paid by wholesaler = `2500 × = `150
100
Now, wholesaler adds profit of `500 and sell it to retailer
 SP of wet grinder for wholesaler = `2500 + `500 = `3000
6
Output CGST of wholesaler i.e. CGST received by wholesaler = `3000 × = `180
100
6
Output SGST of wholesaler i.e. SGST received by wholesaler = `3000 × = `180
100
Output CGST for wholesaler = Input CGST for retailer
and Output SGST for wholesaler = Input SGST for retailer
Again, Retailer adds profit of `800 and sell it to consumer
 SP of wet grinder for retailer = `3000 + `800 = `3800
6
Output CGST of retailer i.e. CGST received by retailer = `3800 × = `228
100

(i) CGST paid by manufacturer to the govt. = `150

SGST paid by manufacturer to the govt. = `150
CGST paid by wholesaler for the government = Output CGST – Input CGST = `180 – `150
= `30
SGST paid by wholesaler for the government = Output SGST – Input SGST = `180 – `150
= `30
CGST paid by retailer to the government = Output CGST – Input CGST = `228 – `180 = `48
SGST paid by retailer to the government = Output SGST – Input SGST = `228 – `180 = `48
Total GST received by government = `150 + `150 + `30 + `30 + `48 + `48 = `456
(ii) Total Price paid by consumer = S.P. of wet grinder + CGST + SGST = `3800 + `228 + `228
= `4256
4. A manufacturer sells a clock for `5000 to a wholesaler. The wholesaler sells it to a retailer and
the retailer sells it to a consumer. GST charged is 18% and profit made at each stage is `1000.
If the sales are intra-state, calculate
(i) the tax paid by the wholesaler to the State government.
(ii) the tax paid by the retailer to the State government.
(iii) The total GST collected by the Central Government on sale of the clock.
Sol. Given, SP of clock for manufacturer = `5000
Rate of GST = 18%
1 1
Since, it is a case of intra-state,  CGST = SGST = × GST = × 18% = 9 %
2 2
9
100
9
100
Now, wholesaler adds profit of `1000 and sell it to retailer
 SP of clock for wholesaler = `5000 + `1000 = `6000
9
100
9
100
Also, Output CGST for wholesaler = Input CGST for retailer
Again, Retailer adds profit of `1000 and sell it to consumer
 SP of clock for retailer = `6000 + `1000 = `7000
9
100

9
Output SGST of retailer i.e. SGST received by retailer = `7000 × = `630
100
(i) SGST paid by wholesaler to the State government = Output SGST – Input SGST
= `540 – `450 = `90
(ii) SGST paid by retailer to the State government = Output SGST – Input SGST
= `630 – `540 = `90
(iii) Total CGST collected by the Central government = `630
5. The cost of a sewing machine for a wholesaler is `5000. He sells it to a retailer for `6000 and
the retailer sells it to a consumer for `7200. If the rate of GST is 12% and all sales are intra-
state, calculate
(i) The tax paid by the wholesaler to the State Government.
(ii) the amount of SGST deposited by the retailer
(iii) the price paid by the consumer for the machine.
(iv) the tax received by the Central Government.
Sol. Given, SP of sewing machine for manufacturer = `5000
Rate of GST = 12%
1 1
2 2
6
100
6
100
Now, wholesaler sells it to retailer for `6000
 SP of sewing machine for wholesaler = `6000
6
100
6
100
Output CGST for wholesaler = Input CGST for retailer
Again, Retailer sells it to consumer for `7200
 SP of sewing machine for retailer = `7200
6
100
6
100

(i) SGST paid by the wholesaler to the State government = Output SGST – Input SGST
= `360 – `300 = `60
(ii) SGST paid by retailer to the government = Output SGST – Input SGST = `432 – `360 = `72
(iii) Total Price paid by consumer = S.P. of sewing machine + GST = `7200 + `864 = `8064
(iv) CGST received by the Central government = `432
6. The marked price of a baby carriage is `12,500. A shopkeeper gets a discount of 30% on the
marked price. He sells it to a customer at the Marked Price. If the sales are intra-state and the
rate of GST is 18%, calculate
(i) The price paid by the shopkeeper including tax.
(ii) The price paid by the customer
(iii) The GST deposited by the shopkeeper with the Central government.
Sol. Given, Printed price of the baby carriage = ` 12,500
and Rate of GST = 18% and discount rate for shopkeeper = 30%
1 1
2 2
 S.P. of baby carriage for manufacturer = ` 12,500 – 30% of ` 12500 = ` 8750
9
Input CGST of shopkeeper i.e. CGST paid by shopkeeper = `8750 × = `787.5
100
9
Input SGST of shopkeeper i.e. SGST paid by shopkeeper = `8750 × = `787.5
100
Again, shopkeeper sold the baby carriage at Marked Price for `12500 and sell it to consumer.
 SP of baby carriage for shopkeeper = `12500
9
Output CGST of shopkeeper i.e. CGST received by shopkeeper = `12500 × = `1125
100
9
Output SGST of shopkeeper i.e. SGST received by shopkeeper = `12500 × = `1125
100
(i) Price paid by shopkeeper including GST = `8750 + `787.5 + `787.5 = `10325
(ii) Price paid by the customer = `12500 + `2250 = `14750
(iii) GST paid by shopkeeper to the Central government = Output CGST – Input SGST
= `1125 – `787.5 = `337.50
7. A manufacturer marks a printer for `12000 and sells it at 15% discount to a wholesaler. The
wholesaler gives 10% discount on the Marked Price to a shopkeeper. The shopkeeper sells it at
the Marked Price and the GST charged is 12%. If all sales are intra-state, find
(i) The price paid by the wholesaler inclusive of tax.
(ii) the amount of GST deposited with the Central Government by the
(a) wholesaler (b) retailer
(iii) The price paid by the customer
Sol. Given, Marked price of the printer = ` 12000; and Rate of GST = 12%

1 1
2 2
and discount rate for wholesaler = 15%
 S.P. of printer for manufacturer = ` 12000 – 15% of ` 12000 = ` 10200
6
100
6
100
Again, wholesaler sold the printer at 10% discount on Marked Price to shopkeeper.
 SP of printer for wholesaler = ` 12000 – 10% of ` 12000 = ` 10800
6
Input CGST of shopkeeper i.e. CGST paid by shopkeeper = `10800 × = `648
100
6
Input SGST of shopkeeper i.e. SGST paid by shopkeeper = `10800 × = `648
100
Again, retailer sold the printer at Marked Price to consumer.
 SP of printer for shopkeeper = ` 12000
6
100
6
100
(i) Price paid by wholesaler including GST = `10200 + `612 + `612 = `11424
(ii) GST paid by wholesaler to the Central government = Output CGST – Input CGST
= `648 – `612 = `36
GST paid by retailer to the Central government = Output CGST – Input CGST
= `720 – `648 = `72
(iii) Price paid by customer including GST = `12000 + `720 + `720 = `13440
8. Marked price of edible oil is `3000. A manufacturer in Hyderabad sells it to a wholesaler in
Hyderabad at a discount of 25% on the Marked Price and the wholesaler sells it to a retailer in
Mumbai at a discount of 15% on the Marked Price. The retailer sells it to the consumer in
Mumbai at Marked Price and if the GST charged 5%, calculate
(i) The amount of GST paid to the Central Government by (a) the manufacturer (b) the retailer
(ii) the GST paid by the wholesaler to the Government.
(iii) The price paid by the consumer for the oil.
Sol. Given, Printed price of the edible oil = `3000
Since, the first case of the question is intra-state,  Rate of CGST = Rate of SGST = 5%
and the second part of the question is of inter-state,  Rate of IGST = 5%
and discount rate for wholesaler = 25%
 S.P. of edible oil for manufacturer = `3000 – 25% of `3000 = `2250

2.5
Input CGST of wholesaler i.e. CGST paid by wholesaler = `2250 × = `56.25
100
2.5
Input SGST of wholesaler i.e. SGST paid by wholesaler = `2250 × = `56.25
100
Again, wholesaler sold the edible oil at 15% discount on Marked Price to retailer in Mumbai.
 SP of edible oil for wholesaler = `3000 – 15% of `3000 = `2550
5
Input IGST of retailer i.e. IGST paid by retailer = `2550 × = `127.5
100
Again, retailer sold the edible oil at Marked Price to consumer.
 SP of edible oil for retailer = ` 3000
2.5
100
2.5
100
(i) (a) GST paid by manufacturer to the Central govt. = `56.25
(b) GST paid by retailer for the government = Output CGST – Input IGST
= `75 – `127.5 = `0
(ii) The GST paid by the wholesaler to the Government = Output IGST – Input CGST + Input
SGST = `127.5 – `56.25 + `56.25 = `15
(iii) Price paid by the consumer including GST = `3000 + `75 + `75 = `3150
9. When Rao ordered some medicines the bill was `840, which included 12% GST.
(i) What was the price of the medicines before tax?
(ii) How much GST was paid to the Central government?
Sol. Let the original amount of the bill be `x.
12
 x+ x = 840
100
112 840  100
 x = 840  x= = `750
100 112
1 1
2 2
6
GST paid to the central Government = 6% of `750 = × 750 = `45
100
10. A shopkeeper in Delhi bought a TV from a wholesale in Mumbai at a discount of 20% on the listed
price of `25,000. The shopkeeper offers a discount of 10% on the listed price to his customer in

Delhi. If GST is 28%, find

(i) The amount paid by the customer for the TV.
(ii) The GST to be paid by the shopkeeper to the Government.
Sol. Given, Printed price of the TV = `25000
Since, it is case of inter-state,  Rate of IGST = 28%
and Discount rate for shopkeeper = 20%
 S.P. of TV for wholesaler = `25000 – 20% of `25000 = `20000
28
Input IGST of shopkeeper i.e. IGST paid by shopkeeper = `20000 × = `5600
100
Again, shopkeeper sold the TV at 10% discount on Marked Price to consumer.
 SP of TV for shopkeeper = `25000 – 10% of `25000 = `22500
28
Output IGST of shopkeeper i.e. IGST received by shopkeeper = `22500 × = `6300
100
(i) Price paid by customer including GST = `22500 + `6300 = `28800
(ii) GST paid by shopkeeper to the government = Output GST – Input GST = `6300 – `5600 = `700
11. A shopkeeper buys an article at a discount of 20% on the marked price of `2000. The shopkeeper
offers a discount of 12% on the MP to his customer. If GST charged is 5%, and all sales are intra-
state, find
(i) The GST collected from the shopkeeper by the Government.
(ii) The amount paid by the customer for the article.
(iii) the amount of tax received by the Central Government.
Sol. Given, Printed price of an article = `2000
and Rate of GST = 5%
1 1
Since, it is a case of intra-state,  CGST = SGST = × GST = × 5 = 2.5 %
2 2
and Discount rate for shopkeeper = 20%
 S.P. of an article for wholesaler = `2000 – 20% of `2000 = `1600
2.5
Input CGST of shopkeeper i.e. CGST received by wholesaler = `1600 × = `40
100
2.5
Input SGST of shopkeeper i.e. SGST received by wholesaler = `1600 × = `40
100
Again, shopkeeper sold the an article at 12% discount on Marked Price to consumer.
 SP of an article for shopkeeper = `2000 – 12% of `2000 = `1760
2.5
100

2.5
Output SGST of shopkeeper i.e. SGST received by shopkeeper = `1760 × = `44
100
(i) GST paid by shopkeeper to the government = (Output CGST + Output SGST) – (Input CGST +
Input CGST) = `88 – `80 = `8
(ii) Price paid by customer including GST = `1760 + `88 = `1848
(iii) GST received by the central government = `44
12. A manufacturer sells binoculars for `3750 to a wholesaler, who sells it to a retailer at a profit of
12%. The retailer sells it to the customer at a profit of `600. If the rate of GST is 18%, and all
sales are intra-state, find
(i) The GST paid by the wholesaler to the Central government.
(ii) The price paid by the retailer inclusive of tax.
(iii) Total GST received by the State government.
(iv) The price paid by the customer.
Sol. Given,
Selling price of the binoculars for manufacturer = `3750
1 1
2 2
9
Input CGST of wholesaler i.e. CGST paid by wholesaler = `3750 × = `337.50
100
9
Input SGST of wholesaler i.e. SGST paid by wholesaler = `3750 × = `337.50
100
Again, wholesaler sold the item at 12% profit on Selling Price to retailer.
 S.P. of item for wholesaler = `3750 + 12% of `3750 = `4200
9
Input CGST of retailer i.e. CGST paid by retailer = `4200 × = `378
100
9
Input SGST of retailer i.e. SGST paid by retailer = `4200 × = `378
100
Again, retailer sold the item at a profit of `600 on Selling Price to consumer.
 S.P. of item for retailer = `4200 + `600 = `4800
9
100
9
100
(i) GST paid by wholesaler to the Central govt. = Output CGST – Input IGST
= `378 – `337.50 = `40.50

(ii) Price paid by retailer including GST = `4200 + `378 + `378 = `4956
(iii) GST paid by manufacturer to the State govt. = `337.50
GST paid by wholesaler to the government = Output GST – Input GST = `378 – `337.50
= `40.50
GST paid by retailer to the government = Output GST – Input GST = `432 – `378
= `54
Total GST received by government = `337.50 + `40.50 + `54 = `432
(iv) Price paid by consumer including GST = `4800 + `432 + `432 = `5664
13. The list price of a handbag is `3000. A distributor from Kolkata sells it to a trader in Mumbai at
20% discount on the list price. The trader sells it to customer in Mumbai at the list price. The
GST charged is 12%, find
(i) The GST deposited by the trader with the Central Government.
(ii) The price paid by the trader to the distributor inclusive to tax.
Sol. Given, Printed price of the handbag = `3000
Since, the first case of the question is inter state, IGST = 12%
and the second case of the question is intra-state,
1 1
 CGST = SGST = × GST = × 12% = 6 %
2 2
and Discount rate for trader = 20%
 S.P. of handbag for distributor = `3000 – 20% of `3000 = `2400
12
Input IGST of trader i.e. IGST paid by trader = `2400 × = `288
100
Again, shopkeeper sold the item at Marked Price to consumer.
 SP of item for trader = `3000
6
Output CGST of trader i.e. CGST received by trader = `3000 × = `180
100
6
Output SGST of trader i.e. SGST received by trader = `3000 × = `180
100
(i) GST paid by trader to the Central government = Output CGST – Input IGST = `180 – `288 = `0
[ Trader is eligible for GST refund]
(ii) Price paid by trader including GST = `2400 + `288 = `2688
14. A retailer sells a granite block for `40,000 and the GST charged is 12%. If the retailer pays a GST
of `960 to the Government, find the price paid by the retailer for the article inclusive of tax.
Sol. Given, GST paid to the government = `960
and S.P. of the granite block for retailer = `40000
GST = 12% of profit
12 960  100
`960 =
100
× profit  Profit = 12
= `8000
 C.P. of the granite block = S.P. – Profit = `40000 – `8000 = `32000

12
GST Paid by the retailer = 12% of `32000 = × 32000 = `3840
100
Price paid by the retailer = `32000 + `3840 = `35840
15. The marked price of a clock is `4000. A shopkeeper sells it at the MP. If the rate of GST at every
stage is 18% and the GST paid by shopkeeper is `288 to the Government, then at what price
inclusive of tax did the shopkeeper buy it from the wholesaler ?
Sol. Given, GST paid to the government = `288
and M.P. of the clock = `4000
GST = 18% of profit
18 288  100
 `288 = 100 × profit  Profit = 18
= `1600
 C.P. of the clock = M.P. – Profit = `4000 – `1600 = `2400

18
GST Paid by the retailer = 18% of `2400 = × 2400 = `432
100
Price paid by the retailer = `2400 + `432 = `2832
16. The marked price of a mobile is `9000 and the rate of GST is 12%. A shopkeeper buys it at a
discount and sells it to a customer at the marked price. If the shopkeeper pays a GST of `36 to the
Central government, find the following.
(i) The price paid by the shopkeeper inclusive of tax.
(ii) The % of discount received by the shopkeeper.
Sol. Given, Marked Price of a mobile = `9000
CGST paid by shopkeeper to the central government = `36
GST paid by shopkeeper to the government = 2 × `72 = `72
GST = 12% of profit
12 72  100
 `72 = 100 × profit  Profit = 12
= `600
 C.P. of the computer = M.P. – Profit = `9000 – `600 = `8400

12
GST Paid by the shopkeeper = 12% of `8400 = × 8400 = `1008
100
(i) Price paid by the shopkeeper = `8400 + `1008 = `9408
600 20 2
(ii) % discount received by the shopkeeper =  100 = %= 6 %
9000 3 3
17. The marked price of a computer is `30,000 and the rate of GST is 18%. A shopkeeper buys it
at a discount and sells it to a customer at the marked price. If the shopkeeper pays `540 as
GST to the Government, calculate the following :
(i) The price paid by the shopkeeper inclusive of tax.
(ii) The % of discount received by the shopkeeper.
(iii) The price paid by the customer.
Sol. Given, Marked Price of a computer = `30000
CGST paid by shopkeeper to the central government = `540
GST paid to the government = 2 × `540 = `1080
GST = 18% of profit
18 1080  100
 `1080 = × profit  Profit = = `6000
100 18
 C.P. of the computer = M.P. – Profit = `30000 – `6000 = `24000
18
GST Paid by the shopkeeper = 18% of `24000 = × 24000 = `4320
100
(i) Price paid by the shopkeeper = `24000 + `4320 = `28320
6000
(ii) % discount received by the shopkeeper =  100 = 20%
30000
(iii) Shopkeeper sold the computer to customer at M.P.
 S.P. of the computer for retailer = `30000
18
G.S.T. received by the shopkeeper from customer = 18% of `30000 = × 30000 = `5400
100
Total price paid by customer = `30000 + `5400 = `35400
18. A wholesaler buys a TV from a manufacturer for `25,000. He marks the price of the TV 20%
above his cost price and sells it to a retailer at a 10% discount on the marked price. If the rate
of GST is 28%, find :
(i) The marked price. (ii) The retailer’s cost price inclusive of tax.
(iii) GST paid by the wholesaler.
Sol. (i) Given,
S.P. of a TV for manufacturer = `25,000
28
Input GST i.e. GST paid by wholesaler = 28% of `25,000 = × `25000 = `7000
100
Wholesaler marks the price of the TV at 20% above the cost price.
 Marked Price of TV for wholesaler = `25,000 + 20% of `25,000
= `25,000 + `5,000 = `30,000
(ii) Wholesaler sells it to a retailer at a 10% discount on the marked price.

 Selling Price of TV for wholesaler = `30,000 – 10% of `30,000 = `30,000 – `3,000 = `27,000
Output GST or Input GST i.e. GST received by wholesaler or GST paid by retailer
28
= 28% of `27,000 = × `27,000 = `7560
100
Hence, Price paid by retailer inclusive of GST = `27000 + `7560 = `34560
(iii) GST paid by the wholesaler to the government = Output GST – Input GST
= `7560 – `7000 = `560
19. Ayush purchased a computer for `28320 which included 20% discount on the list price and
18% tax under GST on the remaining price. Find the list price of the computer.
Sol. Let the list price be ` x
Given, Selling price of the computer including GST = `28320
and discount rate on the list price = 20%
 100  18   118 
 S.P. of the computer without GST =    28320 =  100   28320 = `24000
 100   
100
 List price of the computer = `24000 × = `30000
80
20. A wholesaler buys a clock from a manufacturer for `4000. He marks the price of clock 25%
above his cost price and sells it to a retailer at 10% discount on the marked price. If the rate of
GST is 18%. Find the
(i) The marked price. (ii) the retailer’s cost price inclusive of tax.
(iii) the GST paid by the wholesaler.
Sol. (i) Given,
S.P. of a clock for manufacturer = `4000
18
Input GST i.e. GST paid by wholesaler = 18% of `4000 = × `4000 = `720
100
Wholesaler marks the price of the clock at 25% above his cost price.
 Marked Price of clock for wholesaler = `4000 + 25% of `4000
= `4000 + `1000 = `5000
(ii) Wholesaler sells it to a retailer at a 10% discount on the marked price.
 Selling Price of clock for wholesaler = `5000 – 10% of `5000
= `5000 – `500 = `4500
Output GST or Input GST i.e. GST received by wholesaler or GST paid by retailer
18
= 18% of `4500 = × `4500 = `810
100

Hence, Price paid by retailer inclusive of GST = `4500 + `810 = `5310

(iii) GST paid by the wholesaler to the government = Output GST – Input GST = `810 – `720= `90
21. Kunal purchased a washing machine when a discount of 5% was given on its marked price of
`42,000. Rate of GST was 18%. Find
(i) the price paid by Kunal (ii) the amount of CGST and SGST shown in the tax invoice.
Sol. Given, M.P. of washing machine = `42,000
Rate of GST = 18%
Discount given on washing machine = 5%
 S.P. of washing machine for shopkeeper = M.P. – 5% of M.P.
= `42,000 – 5% of `42,000 = `42,000 – `2100 = `39,900
18
GST paid by kunal = 18% of `39,900 = × `39,900 = `7182
100
(i) Total price paid by kunal inclusive of GST = `39,900 + `7182 = `47,082
(ii) Since, it is a case of intra-state of transaction of goods and services
1 1
 CGST = SGST = × GST = × `7182 = `3591
2 2
22. SGST on an AC is 14% and the price of the AC including GST is `57,600. What is the
(i) rate of GST (ii) Price of AC before GST (iii) amount of GST ?
Sol. (i) Given, Rate of SGST = 14%
We know that in the case of intra-state of transaction of goods and services
1
CGST = SGST = × GST
2
 GST = 2 × SGST = 2 × 14% = 28%
(ii) S.P. of AC including GST = `57,600
57600
C.P. of AC before GST =  100 = `45,000
128
(iii) Amount of GST = S.P. of AC – C.P. of AC = `57,600 – `45,000 = `12,600

23. The list price of an article `588 which includes 12% GST. A customer bargains with the
shopkeeper to reduce the price so that she can pay the selling price without GST. Find the
reduction in price.
Sol. Selling price of an article inclusive of GST = `588
Rate of GST = 12%

 100 
S.P. of an article without GST = `588 ×   = `525
 112 
The customer pay the selling price without GST = `525

 Reduction in price = `588 – `525 = `63
24. The price of an article is `4410 inclusive of GST, at the rate of 5% on its listed price. A
customer asks the dealer for a discount on the listed price so that after charging GST, the
selling price will be same as listed price.
(i) What is the list price ?
(ii) What is the amount of discount which the dealer must allow for the deal ?
Sol. Marked price of an article inclusive of GST = `4410
Rate of GST = 5%
 100 
List price of an article without GST = `4410 ×   = `4200
 105 
The customer pay the selling price without GST = `4200

 Reduction in price = `4410 – `4200 = `210
25. A manufacturer sells a camera for `10000 to a dealer. The dealer sells it to a customer at a profit
of 12%. If all transactions are within the state and the rate of GST is 28%, calculate
(i) the GST paid by the dealer to the State Government.
(ii) the total tax received by the Central Government.
(iii) the price paid by the customer.
Sol. Given, Listed Price of a computer = `10000
1 1
Since, it is a case of intra-state,  CGST = SGST = × GST = × 28% = 14%
2 2
14
100
14
100
Dealer sells it to a customer at a profit of 12%
 S.P. of the computer = L.P. + Profit = `10000 + `1200 = `11200
14
Output CGST of dealer i.e. CGST received by dealer = × 11200 = `1568
100

14
Output SGST of dealer i.e. SGST received by dealer = × 11200 = `1568
100
(i) GST paid by the dealer to the State Govt. = `1568 – `1400 = `168
(ii) GST paid by the manufacturer to the central govt. = `1400
GST paid by the manufacturer to the central govt. = `1568 – `1400 = `168
Total tax received by the Central Government = `1400 + `168 = `1568
(iii) Price paid by the consumer = S.P. of the computer + CGST + SGST
= `11200 + `1568 + `1568 = `14336

Exercise 2 9 00  24  (24  1)  5  1

2  12  100
1. Archana deposited `400 per month for 3
years in a bank’s recurring deposit account. 2
If the bank pays interest at the rate of 11% 9  24  25  5

p.a., find the amount she gets on maturity. 2  12
Sol. Archana deposit per month (P) = ` 400 = 9 × 25 × 5 = ` 1125
Period (n) = 3 years = 36 months  Maturity value = P × n + S.I.
Rate (r) = 11% p.a. = ` 900 × 24 + 1125
P  n (n  1) r 1 = ` 21600 + 1125 = ` 22725
S.I.   
2 100 12 3. Joseph has an account in recurring deposit
400  36  (36  1) 11 scheme for 2 years. He deposits `1500 per
  month. If the rate of interest is 8% p.a.,
2  12 100
for calculate the amount he would receive
6
12 at the time of maturity.
4 00  36  37  11
` Sol. Joseph’s deposit per month (P) = ` 1500
2  12 3  100 Period (n) = 2 years = 24 months
= 6 × 37 × 11 = ` 2442 Rate (r) = 8% p.a.
 Maturity value = P × n + S.I.
= ` 400 × 36 + 2442 P  n  (n  1) r 1
 S.I.   
= 14400 + 2442 = ` 16842 2 100 12
2. Mr Antao has a two year deposit account 1500  24 (24  1)  8  1
in a bank where he deposits ` 900 per `
2  100  12
month. Find the amount received by him at
the time of maturity, if the rate of interest 2
1500  24  25  8
is 5% p.a. `
Sol. Mr. Antao deposit per month (P) = ` 900 2  100  12
Period (n) = 2 years = 24 months = 15 × 25 × 8 = ` 3000
Rate (r) = 5% p.a. Maturity value = P × n + S.I.
P  n  (n  1) r 1 = ` 1500 × 24 + `3000
 S.I.    = ` 36000 + `3000 = ` 39000
2 100 12
4. Mrs Ramani has a three year recurring  Rate = 8% p.a.

deposit account in the State Bank. She 6. Ravina deposits ` 600 per month in a
deposits ` 600 per month. Calculate the recurring deposit scheme for 2 years. If
amount she would receive at the time of she receives `15,450 at the time of maturity,
maturity if the rate of interest is 9% p.a. calculate the rate of interest per annum.
Sol. Mrs. Ramani’s deposit per month (P) Sol. Monthly deposit (P) = ` 600
= ` 600 Period (n) = 2 years = 24 months
Period (n) = 3 years = 36 months  Pn = ` 600 × 24 = ` 14400
Rate (r) = 9% p.a. Amount of maturity = ` 15450
P  n (n  1) r 1  S.I. = MV – Pn = ` 15450 – `14400
 S.I.    = ` 1050
2 100 12
P  n ( n  1)  r  1
600  36  (36  1)  9  1 Now S.I. 
 2  100  12
2  100  12
3 6 00  2 24  25  r
36 00  36  37  9  1050 
` 2  100  12 1
2  100  12
7
= 9 × 37 × 9 = ` 2997 1050
Maturity value = P × n + S.I.  1050 = 150r  r 
150 1
= ` 600 × 36 + `2997
 r=7
= ` 21600 + `2997
 Rate = 7% p.a.
= ` 24597
7. Vineeta deposits ` 800 per month in a
5. Rajesh deposits `1000 every month in a
cumulative deposit account for 3 years. If
recurring deposit account for 3 years.
the amount payable at the time of maturity
Calculate the rate of interest if the matured
is `31,464; calculate the rate of interest.
value is `40,440.
Sol. Deposit per month (P) = ` 800
Period (n) = 3 years = 36 months
 Pn = ` 800 × 36 = ` 28800
Maturity by value = ` 40440
Amount of maturity = ` 31464
Pn = ` 1000 × 36 = ` 36000
 S.I. = MV – Pn = ` 31464 – `28800
 S.I. = MV – Pn = ` 40440 – 36000
= ` 2664
= ` 4440
P  n  (n  1)  r  1
P (n) (n  1)  r  1 Now S.I. 
Now S.I.  2  100  12
2  100  12
3
3 48 00  36  37  r
5 10 00  36  37  r 2664 
4440  2  100  12
2  1 00  12
2664 = 444r
8
4440 2664
 4440 = 555r  r   r  6
555 1 444
 r = 8%  Rate = 6% p.a.

8. Mr Madhav Rao gets `6455 at the end of 10. Srinidhee deposits a certain sum of money
one year when he deposits `500 per month every month in the recurring deposit scheme
in a recurring deposit scheme. Find the rate for 5 years at 6% p.a. If the amount payable
of interest. to her at the time of maturity of the account
Sol. Deposit per month (P) = ` 500 is `55320, find the monthly instalment.
Period (n) = 1 year = 12 months Sol. Let deposit per month = P
Pn = ` 500 × 12 = ` 6000 Period (n) = 5 years = 60 months
Amount of maturity = ` 6455 Rate (r) = 6% p.a.
 S.I. = MN – Pn Maturity value = ` 55320
= ` 6455 – 6000 = ` 455 Pn = P × 60 = 60P
P  n ( n  1)  r  1 P  n  (n  1)  r  1
Now S.I.  S.I. 
2  100  12
2  100  12
5 00  12  13  r
455  5
P  60  61  6 183
3
2  1 00  12   P
 455 × 2 = 65r 2  100 20  12 20
Now Maturity value = Pn + S.I.
 r 
7 455  2
 14
65 183
 55320  60P  P
 Rate = 14% p.a. 20
9. Zaheeda deposits a certain sum of money, 1200  183 1383
every month in a recurring deposit account  55320  P P
20 20
for 2 years. If she receives `37,875 at the
time of maturity and the rate of interest is 40
55320  20
5%, find the monthly deposit.  P   40  20  800
Sol. n = 2 yrs = 24 months, r = 5% 1383
A = ` 37875  Deposit per month = ` 800
Let monthly deposit be ` P. 11. Mr Rathod opened a recurring deposit
account in a bank paying 12% p.a. At the
P (24)  25
Qualifying sum = end of 2 years, he received `6750. Calculate
2 the monthly deposit.
12  25P 5 5P Sol. Let monthly deposit = P
I=  
12 100 4 Rate (r) = 12% p.a.
5P
nP + Int = 24P + = 37875 Maturity value = ` 6750
4
Pn = P × 24 = 24P
96P  5P
= 37875 P  n (n  1) r 1
4 S.I.   
2 100 12
101P = 37875  4
3
37875  4 6
P= = 375 × 4 P  24  25  12
101   3P
2  100 4  12
 Monthly deposit = ` 1500

Maturity value = Pn + S.I. P  n ( n  1)  r  1

`6750 = 24P + 3P = 27P S.I. 
2  100  12
250
6750 2
 P   250 3 00  n (n  1)  8
27 
2  100  12 4
12. Shriya opened a cumulative deposit scheme = n (n + 1)
with a bank for 3 years. If the rate of Maturity value = Pn + S.I.
interest is 8% p.a. and the bank pays `1776 4740 = 300n + n (n + 1)
as interest at the time of maturity. Find the  4740 = 300n + n2 + n
monthly deposit and the maturity value of  4740 = n2 + 301n
the investment.  n2 + 301n – 4740 = 0
Sol. Simple Interest = ` 1776
Let monthly deposit = P  4740  316  ( 15) 
 
Rate (r) = 8% p.a.  301  316  15 
Period (n) = 3 years = 36 months  n2 + 316n – 15n – 4740 = 0
Pn = P × 36 = 36P  n (n + 316) – 15 (n – 316) = 0
P  n  (n  1)  r  1  (n + 316) (n – 15) = 0
S.I. 
2  100  12 Either n + 316 = 0, then n = – 316 which is
not possible being negative.
1
3 4 or n – 15 = 0 then n = 15
P  36  37  8  1
 1776  1
2  100 25  12 1  Period = 15 months or 1 years
4
111 14. Arnav deposits `500 every month at 12%
 1776  P
25 p.a. in a bank in a recurring deposit scheme.
The bank pays `5275 on maturity. Find the
16
1776  25 time for which the account is held.
 P   400
Sol. Deposit every month (P) = ` 500
1111
Rate (r) = 12% p.a.
Maturity value = ` 5275
and maturity value = Pn + S.I.
Let time = n months
= 36 × 400 + 1776
Now Pn = ` 500 × n = ` 500n
= 14400 + 1776 = ` 16176
13. Sonya deposits `300 per month at 8% p.a. P  n ( n  1)  r  1
S.I. 
in a bank and receives `4740 on maturity 2  100  12
of the account. Find out the total time for
which the recurring deposit account is held. 5 00  n (n  1)  12 0

Sol. Deposits per month = ` 300 2  100  12
Rate (r) = 8% p.a.
5
Maturity value = ` 4740  (n) (n + 1)
2
Let time = n months
Pn = ` 300 × n = 300n Maturity value = Pn + S.I.

5  2472 = n2 + 301n
5275 = 500n + n (n + 1)  n2 + 301n – 2472 = 0
2
5275 × 2 = 1000n + 5n2 + 5n 2472  309  8
10550 = 5n2 + 1005n  
 301  309  8 
Dividing by 5.
 n2 + 309n – 8n – 2472 = 0
2110 = n2 + 201n
 n (n + 309) – 8 (n + 309) = 0
n2 + 201n – 2110 = 0
 (n + 309) (n – 8) = 0
 n2 + 211n – 10n – 2110 = 0
Either n + 309 = 0, then n = – 309 which is
 n (n + 211) – 10 (n + 211) = 0
not possible being negative
2110  211  (10) or n – 8 = 0, then n = 8

 201  211  10  Time = 8 months
 (n + 211) (n – 10) = 0 16. Mr. Motasha opens a recurring deposit
Either n + 211 = 0, thus n = – 211 which is account of `600 per month at 12% p.a. If
not possible being negative he is paid `7668 as maturity amount, how
or n – 10 = 0 ; then x = 10 many instalments does he need to pay ?
 Time = 10 months Sol. P = ` 600, r = 12%, A = ` 7668
15. Ritika deposits ` 200 every month in a n  n  1 600
recurring deposit scheme at 8% p.a. If she Qualifying sum =
2
gets `1648 as the maturity amount, find
the period for which the account is held. 12 1
Sol. Deposit every month (P) = ` 200 I = 300 (n2 + n)  = 3 (n2 + n)
100 12
Rate (r) = 8% p.a.
600n + 3(n2 + n) = 7668
Maturity value = ` 1648
200n + n2 + n = 2556 ( by 3)
Let time = n months
n2 + 201n – 2556 = 0
 Pn = ` 200 × n = 200n
n2 + 213n – 12n – 2556 = 0
P  n  (n  1)  r  1 (n + 213) (n – 12) = 0
S.I. 
2  100  12 n = 12 instalments
2 17. Anuradha invests `500 every month in a
2 00  n ( n  1)  8  1
 recurring deposit scheme for 3 years. The
2  1 00  12 3 interest earned is `2220. Find the rate of
interest and the maturity value of the
2 investment.
 ( n) ( n  1)
3 Sol. Investment every month (P) = ` 500
Now Maturity Value = Pn × S.I. Period (n) = 3 years = 36 months
2 S.I. = ` 2220
1648 = 200n + n (n  1) Let rate of interest = r% p.a.
3
 Pn = ` 500 × 36 = ` 18000
1648 × 3 = 600n + 2n2 + 2n
 4944 = 2n2 + 602n P  (n) (n  1)  r  1
S.I. 
Dividing by 2 2  100  12

3 received `8088 at the time of maturity of

5 00  36  37  r the account, find the rate of interest per
2220 
2  1 00  12 annum.
Sol. P = ` 200
555
2220  r n = 3 yrs = 36 months
2
A = `8088
4
2220  2 P
 r  8 Qualifying Sum = n(n + 1)
555 2
 Rate = 8% p.a. 200  36  37

and Maturity value = Pn + S.I. 2
= ` 18000 + 2220
= ` 20220 100  36  37  R
I= 100  12 = 111R
Miscellaneous Exercise nP + Interest = Amount

1. Kishore opened a recurring deposit account 36(200) + 111 R = 8088
in a bank and deposited `800 per month 111R = 8088 – 7200
1
for 1 years. If he received `15,084 at 888
2 R= = 8%
the time of maturity, find the rate of interest 111
per annum. 3. Mr Shetty deposits a certain sum of money
Sol. Deposit every month (P) = ` 800 each month in a recurring deposit account
of a bank. If the rate of interest is 10% per
1
Period (n) = 1 years = 18 months annum and Mr Shetty gets `17,340 from
2 the bank after four years, find the value of
Maturity value = ` 15084 his monthly instalment.
Let rate = r% p.a. Sol. Maturity value = ` 17340
Now Pn = ` 800 × 18 = ` 14400 Let deposit every month = P
P  n(n  1)  r  1 Rate (r) = 10% p.a.
S.I. 
2  100  12 Period (n) = 4 years = 48 months
2 Pn = P × 48 = 48P
4 3
800  18  19  r
 = 114r P  n(n  1)  r  1
2 1  100 1  12 2 1 S.I. 
2  100  12
S.I. = Maturity value – Pn 2
4
= 15084 – 14400 = ` 684 P  48  49  10

6 2  5 10 0  12
684
 684 = 114r  r  6
114 49
 P
 Rate = 6% p.a. 5
2. Salma deposited `200 per month for 3 years  Maturity value = Pn + S.I.
in a recurring deposit scheme. If she
49 18
 17340  48P  P 100  36  37
5 Qualifying Sum =
2
240P  49P 289
 17340   P 100  18  37 8
5 5 I=  = ` 444
12 100
60
17340  5 A = nP + I = 3600 + 444 = ` 4044
 P  300
A P
289
4044 100
 Deposit every month = ` 300
4. Mr Rathod opens a recurring deposit 20220 ?
account in a bank. If the rate of interest is 20220  100
7% per annum and he receives `5150 from Monthly deposit = = ` 500
4044
the bank after two years, calculate the value
of his monthly deposit. 6. Find the maturity value of a recurring
deposit scheme when Mr Rao deposits
Sol. Maturity value = ` 5150
1
Let deposit every month = P `300 every month at 8% p.a. for 2 years.
2
Rate (r) = 7% p.a.
Rate (r) = 8% p.a.
Now Pn = P × 24 = 24P
1
P  n  (n  1)  r  1 Period (n)  2 years = 30 months
S.I.  2
2  100  12
Pn = ` 300 × 30 = ` 9000
2 1 P  n  (n  1)  r  1
P  24  25  7  1 7P
  S.I. 
2  100 4  12 4 2  100  12
 Maturity value = Pn + S.I. 5 4

2
300  30  31  8 1
7  = `930
 5150 = 24P + P 2  100  12 2
4
 Maturity value = Pn + S.I.
96P  7P 103
 5150   P = ` 9000 + 930 = ` 9930
4 4
7. Jainil opens a recurring deposit account in
50 a bank of ` 400 per month. How many
5150 4
 P   200 instalments does he have to pay to get a
1
103 maturity of `8560 if the bank pays a simple
interest of 8% p.a. ?
 Deposit per month = ` 200
Sol. P = ` 400, n = ?, A = ` 8560, R = 8%
5. Riz opens a recurring deposit account in a
bank which gives simple interest of 8% p.a. n  n  1 400
He receives `20,220 from the bank after 3 Qualifying Sum =
2
years. Find the monthly deposit.
Sol. r = 8%, A = ` 20,220, n = 36 months 200n  n  1 8 4n 2  4n
I=  
Let P = ` 100 12 100 3

Int + nP = A P  n ( n  1)  r  1
S.I. 
2  100  12
4n 2  4n
  400n  8560 7
3 P  12  13  14  1

2  100  12
4n 2  4n  1200n
  8560
3 91
 P
 n2 + 301n – 6420 = 0 100
 n2 + 321n – 20n – 6420 = 0 Now Maturity value = Pn + S.I.
 (n + 321) (n – 20) = 0 91 1200  91
6455  12P  P  P
 n = 20 instalments 100 100
1 1291
8. Madhuri deposits `800 every month for 2  P
2 100
years in a recurring deposit scheme. The
interest earned is `2790. Calculate the rate 5
6455  100
of interest and the maturity value of the  P   500
investment. 1291
1  Maturity instalment = ` 500

Sol. P = ` 800, n = 2 yrs = 30 months 2. Mohan deposits ` 80 per month in a
2
cumulative deposit account for six years.
n  n  1 P 1 R Find the amount payable to him on maturity,
I = ` 2790 =   if the rate of interest is 6% per annum.
2 12 100
[2006]
30  31  800 1 R Sol. Deposit per month (P) = ` 80
2790 =  
2 12 100 Period (n) = 6 years = 72 months
Rate (r) = 6% p.a.
2790  2  12  Pn = ` 80 × 72 = ` 5760
R= 30  31  8 = 9%
P  n  (n  1)  r  1
The maturity value = ` (800  30 + 2790) S.I. 
2  100  12
= ` (24000 + 2790) = ` 26790
4 6 3
80  72  73  6  1

Board Paper Questions 2  100 5  12 1
1. Mr R K Nair gets `6,455 at the end of one 5256
year at the rate of 14% per annum in a   `1051.20
5
recurring deposit account. Find the monthly
instalment. [2005]  Maturity value = Pn + S.I.
= 5760 + 1051.20
Sol. Maturity value = ` 6455
= ` 6811.20
Let monthly instalment = P
3. Saloni deposited `150 per month in her bank
Rate = 14% p.a. for eight months under the Recurring
Period = 1 year = 12 months Deposit Scheme. What will be the maturity
 Pn = P × 12 = 12P value of her deposit, if the rate of interest

is 8% per annum and the interest is Sol. Monthly deposit (P) = ` 1000
calculated at the end of every month ? Rate (r) = 8%
[2007] Period (n) = 3 years = 36 months
Sol. Monthly deposit (P) = ` 150 Pn = ` 1000 × 36 = ` 36000
Rate (r) = 8% p.a.
P  n  (n  1)  r  1
Profit (n) = 8 months S.I. 
 P (n) = ` 150 × 8 = ` 1200 2  100  12
P  n  (n  1)  r  1 3
10 00  36  37  8  1
4
S.I.  
2  100  12 2  100  12
3 4 2 = ` 4440
150  8  9  8  1
 = ` 36  Maturity value = Pn + S.I.
2  100 2  12 4
= ` 36000 + 4440
 Maturity value = Pn + S.I. = ` 40440
= ` 1200 + 36 = ` 1236 6. Mr Gupta opened a recurring deposit
4. David opened a Recurring Deposit Account account in a bank. He deposited `2500 per
in a bank and deposited `300 per month month for two years. At the time of maturity
for two years. If he received `7725 at the he got `67,500. Find
time of maturity, find the rate of interest (i) the total interest earned by Mr Gupta.
per annum. [2008] (ii) the rate of interest per annum. [2010]
Sol. Maturity value = ` 7725 Sol. Maturity value = ` 67500
Deposit per month (P) = ` 300 Deposit per month (P) = ` 2500
Period (n) = 2 years = 24 months Period (n) = 2 years = 24 months
Let rate = r% Let interest rate = r% p.a.
Now P (n) = ` 300 × 24 = ` 7200 Now Pn = ` 2500 × 24 = ` 60000
P  n ( n  1)  r  1 (i)  Amount Interest = ` 67500 – 60000
S.I. 
2  100  12 = ` 7500
2 P  n ( n  1)  r  1
3 00  24  25  r  1 S.I. 
  75r 2  100  12
2  100  12
2500  24  25  r
Maturity value = Pn + S.I. 
2  100  12
7725 = 7200 + S.I.
 S.I. = 7725 – 7200 = 525 2
25 00  24  25  r
7 7500 
525 2  100  12
 75r = 525  r
75  625r = 7500
 Rate = 7% p.a. 2
300
5. Mrs Goswami deposits `1000 every month 7500
in a recurring deposit account for 3 years  r   12
625 25
at 8% interest per annum. Find the matured
value. [2009]  Rate = 12% p.a.

7. Ahmed has a recurring deposit account in 9. Mr Britto deposits a certain sum of money
a bank. He deposits `2,500 per month for each month in a Recurring Deposit Account
2 years. If he gets `66,250 at the time of of a bank. If the rate of interest is of 8%
maturity, find per annum and Mr Britto gets `8088 from
(i) The interest paid by the bank the bank after 3 years, find the value of his
(ii) The rate of interest. [2011] monthly instalment. [2013]
Sol. Amount of maturity = ` 66250 Sol. Maturity value = ` 8088
Deposit per month = ` 2500 Rate (r) = 8% p.a.
Period (n) = 2 years = 24 months Period (n) = 3 years = 36 months
Let rate of interest = r % p.a. Let monthly deposit = P
Now Pn = ` 2500 × 24 = ` 60000  Pn = P × 36 = 36P
(i) Simple Interest = MV – Pn = ` 66250 – P  n ( n  1)  r  1
60000 S.I. 
2  100  12
= ` 6250
1
3 4
P  n  (n  1)  r  1 P  36  37  8  1
and S.I.  
2  100  12 2  100 25  12
2 111
25 00  24  25  r  P
 6250  25
2  1 00  12
6250 900  111
 625r = 6250  r   10
 8088  36P 
111
P P
625 25 25
 Rate = 10% p.a.
1011
8. Kiran deposited ` 200 per month for 36  8088  P
months in a bank’s recurring deposit 25
account. If the bank pays interest at the 8
rate of 11% per annum, find the amount 8088  25
 P   200
she gets on maturity. [2012] 1011
Sol. Deposit per month (P) = ` 200  Monthly deposit = ` 200
Rate (r) = 11% p.a.
10. Shahrukh opened a Recurring Deposit
Period (n) = 36 months Account in a bank and deposited `800 per
 Pn = ` 200 × 36 = ` 7200 1
month for 1 years. If he received `15,084
P  n  (n  1)  r  1 2
S.I.  at the time of maturity, find the rate of
2  100  12
interest per annum. [2014]
3
2 00  36  37  11  1 1
 Sol. x = 800, n = 1 years = 18 months
2  100  12 2
= ` 1221 Maturity Amount = ` 15,084
n  n  1 x 18  19  800
= ` 7200 + 1221 P= 
2 2
= ` 8421

19  800 R
I = 9   114R
100 12
 nx + I = A
 18  800 + 114R = 15084 – 14400
684
 114 R = 684  R= = 6%
144
11. Katrina opened a recurring deposit account with a Nationalised Bank for a period of 2 years. If
the bank pays interest at the rate of 6% per annum and the monthly instalment is `1000, find the:
(i) interest earned in 2 years.
(ii) matured value. [2015]
Sol. Monthly deposit (P) = ` 1000
Rate (r) = 6% p.a.
Pn = ` 1000 × 24 = ` 24000
2
P  n ( n  1)  r  1 10 00  24  25  6  1
(i) S.I.   = ` 1500
2  100  12 2  100  12
(ii) Maturity value = Pn + S.I. = ` 24000 + 1500 = ` 25500
12. Mr. Richard has a recurring deposit account in a bank for 3 years at 7.5% p.a. simple interest.
If he gets ` 8325% interest at the time of maturity, find [2018]
(i) the monthly deposit
(ii) the maturity value.
Sol. N = 3 yrs. = 3 × 12 = 36 months
R = 7.5 p.a.
Pn( n  1)  RT
I=
100  2
P  36(36  1) 1
   7.5  8325
100  2 12
P  36  37  7.5
  8325
100  24
8325 100  24
 P= = Rs. 2000/-
36  37  7.5
 P = ` 2000

Exercise 3 (i)  Investment = 60 × ` 125 = 7500

6000  12
1. Ravina invested `5880 in 8%, `10 shares (ii) Annual dividend  `
at `21. Find the annual income from her 100
investment. = ` 720
Sol. Ravina’s investment = ` 5880 720  100
Rate of dividend = 8% (iii) Rate of her return  `
investment
Face value of each share = ` 10
and market value per share = ` 21 48
720  100 48
 Number of shares purchased   %
5 75 00 5
5880
`  280 = 9.6%
21
3. A company with 20,000 shares of ` 50
Face value of 280 shares = 280 × 10 each, declares dividend of 8%.
= ` 2800
(i) What is the total dividend paid by the
2800  8 company ?
 Annual dividend  `
100 (ii) What will be the annual income of Ahmed,
= ` 224 who has 25 shares in the company ?
2. A company declares a dividend of 12% on (iii) If he received only 5% on his investment,
`100 share, which is quoted at a premium find the price paid by him for each share.
of `25. Vineeta buys 60 shares. Sol. Number of shares of a company = 20000
(i) How much is her investment ? Face value of each share = ` 50
(ii) What is her annual dividend ? Rate of annual dividend = 8%
(iii) Find the rate of return on her investment. Face value of 20000 shares
Sol. Face value of each share = ` 100 = 20000 × ` 50 = 10,00,000
Rate of dividend = 12% (i) Total dividend paid by the company
Market value of each share at a premium 10000
8
of ` 25 = `100 + 25 = ` 125  ` 20000  50 
Vinesh buys shares = 60 100 2

= ` 80000 (i) the market value of the share

(ii) Number of shares Ahmed had = 25 (ii) the amount to be invested to obtain an annual
4
dividend of `1260.
1 8 Sol. Rate of dividend = 9% p.a.
 His annual income  25  50 
100 2 Face value of each share = ` 20
(i) Let market price = ` x
= ` 100
(iii) But he received 5% on his investment 1 15
Rate of return  7  %
 Market value of each share 2 2
4 20 15 9  20
100  100  x 
 2  100 100
25  5
= ` 80 3 4
9  20  2  100
4. Dhairya invests `1680 in buying shares of  x  = 24
100  15 3
nominal value ` 25 and selling at 12% 1
premium. The dividend on the shares is 15%  Market value of each share = ` 24
p.a. Calculate (ii) Total dividend received = ` 1260
(i) the number of shares he buys.
9 9
(ii) the dividend he receives annually.  Dividend on 1 share  `  20 
100 5 5
Sol. Investment of Dhairya = Rs 1680
Nominal value (Face value) of each share  Number of shares
= ` 25
140 5
Shares are selling at 12% premium  1260   700
9
 Market value of each share
Hence, total investment = ` 700 × 24
100  12
= ` 25 × = ` 16800
100 6. Amrita buys 52 shares of nominal value
28 `100 available at `132.
112
 ` 25  = ` 28 (i) What is her investment ?
100 4
(ii) If the dividend is 12%, what will be her
Rate of dividend = 15% p.a. annual income ?
(i) Number of shares he bought (iii) If she wants to increase her annual income
60 by `240, how many extra shares should
1680 she buy ?
  60
28 Sol. Number of shares bought by Amrita = 52
15 15
(ii) Annual dividend  60  25  and Market value = ` 132
100 4
(i) Total investment = ` 132 × 52
= ` 225 = ` 6864
5. A dividend of 9% is declared on `20 shares (ii) Rate of dividend = 12%
selling at a certain price. If the rate of return
12
1  Her annual dividend  52  100 
is 7 %, calculate 100
2
= ` 624 = ` 5400
(iii) In order to increase her income by ` 240 Sale Proceeds = SP  No. of shares
 Number of shares, she should buy = 120  600 = ` 72000
240  Profit = ` (72000 – 48000) = ` 24000
  20
12  Profit including dividend
7. Akshaj invested `90,000 in 9%, `100 shares = ` (24000 + 5400) = ` 29400
quoted at `125 when the market value of 9. How much should Kalyani invest in ` 5
these shares rose to `150. He sold some shares selling at `6.50 to obtain an annual
shares, just enough to raise ` 7500. income of ` 200, if the dividend declared
Calculate is 8% ?
(i) the number of shares he still holds. Sol. Face value of each share = ` 5
(ii) the dividend due to him on these shares. and market value = ` 6.50
Sol. Akshaj’s investment = ` 90000 Total income = ` 200
Rate of dividend = 9% Rate of dividend = 8%
Face value of each share = ` 100 5
25
and Market value = ` 125 200  100
 Number of shares 
720 81  51
3600
90000 = 500
 Number of share’s bought  `
125 5  Total investment = 500 × 6.50
= 720 5 00  650
 = ` 3250
In second case, 1 00
Market value of each share = ` 150 10. A company’s share of `50 is selling at `80.
In amount received = ` 7500 If Mohan wants to get an annual income
of `400 how much money should he invest
7500
 No. of shares he sold  = 50 if the dividend declared by the company is
150 8% ?
(i) Remaining shares = 720 – 50 = 670 Sol. Face value of each share = ` 50
(ii) Dividend from 670 shares = 670 × 9 Market value = ` 80
= ` 6030 Mohan’s annual income = ` 400
8. Krishna invested ` 48,000 in ` 100 shares Rate of dividend = 8%
at a discount of ` 20 paying 9% dividend.
50 2
At the end of one year, he sold the shares
400  100
at a premium of `20. Find :  Number of shares 
8  50
(i) the annual dividend.
(ii) the profit earned including his dividend. = 100
Sol. FV = ` 100, discount = ` 20  MV = ` 80  Investment = 100 × 80 = ` 8000
11. By investing ` 4000 in (`10) shares paying
Investment 48000 8%, Madhusudan Rao obtained a dividend
n=  = 600 shares
MV 80 of `200. At what price did he buy the share?
Sol. Madhusudan’s investment = ` 4000
d 9
AI =  n  FV   600  100 Face value of each share = ` 10
100 100
Rate of dividend = 8% dividend received by B.

and dividend he received = ` 200 Sol. A’s investment = ` 16000
25
Rate of dividend = 12%
200  10 0 Face value of each share = ` 100
 Number of shares  = 250
81 10 Market value = ` 80
Now price of 250 shares = ` 4000 16000

 A’s share   200
80
4000
 Market value of each share  and dividend = 200 × 12 = ` 2400
250
Now B’s divided = ` 2400
= ` 16
and investment = ` 16000
12. Ram Kapoor invested `8000 in shares. He
invested `5000 in 7% (`100) shares and
the remaining in 8%, `50 shares. Find the and Market value is at par i.e. ` 10 per share
price at which Ram bought `50 share if 16000
the total dividend from the companies is  Number of shares  = 1600
10
`480.
Now dividend earned by investing ` 16000
Sol. Company I : = ` 2400
Investment 5000  Dividend earned by investing
n=  = 40
MV 125 3 24 00
` 100   5 10 0
7 2
16 00 0
AI =  40  100 = ` 280
100 = 15
Company II :  Rate of dividend = 15%
Let MV be ` x. 14. Amar invests ` 27,000 in 12% shares of
`100 selling at `90. His brother Samar also
3000
n= invests the same amount in ` 20 shares
x selling at `27. If the annual income of both
8 3000 12000 the brothers from the shares is same, find
AI =   50 = the rate of dividend received by Samar.
100 x x
Total AI = 480 27000
Sol. Amar’s no. of shares = = 300
90
12000
 = 480 – 280 = ` 200 12
x
His annual income =  300  100
100
12000
 x= = 60 = ` 3600
200
27000
 MV of company II = ` 60 Samar’s no. of shares = = 1000
13. A and B invest `16000 each in buying shares 27
of two companies. A buys 12%, hundred- d
rupee shares at `80 and B buys ten-rupee Samar’s AI =  1000  20 = 200 d
100
share at par. If both receive equal dividends
at the end of the year, find the rate of AI is same.

 200d = 3600 1 15
 d = 18% and return on investment  7 %  %
2 2
15. Suryanarayana invests `1600 in `50 shares
selling at ` 40 and receives an annual 18
dividend of `200 from the shares. Calculate 270  100  2
 Investment  = ` 3600
(i) the number of shares bought. 15
(ii) the rate of dividend given by the company. 17. Tanya invests ` 4400 in hundred-rupee
Sol. Investment by Suryanarayana = ` 1600 shares at `110 paying a dividend of 10%
Face value of each share = ` 50 p.a. She sells the shares when the price rises
and selling price = ` 40 to `114 and reinvests the proceeds in 12%,
`50, shares selling at `60. Find the change
Annual dividend = ` 200
in her income.
1600
(i) Number of shares  `  40 Investment 4400
40 Sol. No. of shares =  = 40
MV 110
(ii) Face value of 40 shares = 40 × ` 50
= ` 2000 10
AI =  40  100 = ` 400
200 100
 Rate of dividend   100 = 10%
20 00 Sale Proceeds = ` (40  114)
16. If a `50 share of a company is quoted at New MV = ` 60
`60 and the dividend declared is 9%, Sale Proceeds
(i) Find the percentage return on investment,. New Company shares = New MV
(ii) How much should be invested to get an
annual income of `270 ? 40  114
=  76
Sol. Face value of a company share = ` 50 60
and selling price = ` 60
12
Dividend = 9% New Company’s. AI =  50  76 = ` 456
100
9  50
(i) Now dividend on ` 50  Increase in Income = ` 456 – 400 = ` 56
100 18. Arnav sells 60, twenty-rupee shares of a
9 company paying 12% p.a. at `27 each and
` invests the proceeds in 9%, ` 50 shares
2
selling at ` 45. Find the change in his
9 income.
and return on ` 60  `
2 Sol. Number of shares of Arnav = 60
5
3
9 10 0 15 Market value = ` 27
 return %    % and rate of dividend = 12%
2 60 2
2  Proceeds received by selling 60 shares
= ` 60 × 27 = ` 1620
1
7 % and dividend received from 60 shares
2
60  20  12
(ii) Annual income = ` 270  = ` 144
100
Now in second case, 12%. What is his dividend from these

face value of each share = ` 50 shares ? If he sells the shares at `40 and
and market value = ` 45 invests the proceeds in 8% of `100 shares
 Number of shares purchased at `80, what is the change in his income ?
Sol. Mihir’s holding = 150 shares
1620
`  36 Par value (Face value) = ` 25
45
18 (i)  Dividend from these shares
36  50  9
 Dividend earned  = ` 162 12
3
60  ` 150  25  = ` 450
2 100 4
 Change in his income = ` 162 – 144 (ii) By selling these shares at ` 40
= ` 18 sale proceeds = 150 × 40 = ` 6000
19. Ritika invests `10,080 in 6%, hundred- By investing on ` 100 shares at ` 80,
rupee shares at ` 112. Find the annual
dividend. When the shares fall to `96, she 600 0
number of shares   75
sells the shares and invests the proceeds in 80
10%, ten-rupee shares at ` 8. Find the Rate of dividend = 8%
annual income from these shares.
 Dividend received = 75 × 8 = ` 600
Sol. Investment by Ritika = ` 10080
Now change in income = ` 600 – 450
= ` 150
and market value = ` 112
21. Annapurna sold 20 shares of face value
Rate of income (dividend) = 6%
` 100 at ` 119 giving 7% dividend and
Number of shares purchased invested the proceeds in 8%, `100 shares
10080 selling at `85. What was the difference in
`  90 annual income ?
112
(i)  Annual income = 90 × 6 = ` 540 Sol. Face value of each share = ` 100
(ii) In second case, market value of each share Number of shares, Annapurna has = 20
= ` 96 Market rate = ` 119
 Her sale proceed by selling them and rate of dividend = 7%
= ` 96 × 90 = ` 8640  Total dividend received = 20 × 7
and purchased shares of 10 rupee at ` 8, = ` 140
 No. of shares purchased of new company and amount received by selling price shares
at ` 119 = 20 × ` 119 = ` 2380
8640
  1080 She purchased shares of 8% of ` 100 selling
8 at ` 85,
2380
 No. of shares purchased   28
10 85
 Annual income  1080  10 
100  new income = 28 × ` 8 = ` 224
= ` 1080 and change in income = ` 224 – 140
20. Mihir owns 150 shares (par value `25) of = ` 84
a company which declares a dividend of 22. Rajeev invested equal sums in companies A

and B. Company A gives a dividend of 5% Dividend rate = 8%

on `100 shares selling at `90 and B gives a  Annual dividend
dividend of 7% on `100 shares selling at
4
`120. If his income from B exceeds the (15000  x)  50 8
income from A by `10, how much does he  
45 100 2
invest in each ?
Sol. Let Investment in each case be x. 4 (15000  x)
Company A Company B
 ...(i)
45
x x  From (i) and (ii)
No. of shares = No. of shares =
90 120 3x 4 (15000  x)
 = 1200
5 x x 7  100 x 40 45
AI =   100  AI = 
100 90 18 100 120 27 x  (32  15000)  32 x
Difference in AI = ` 10 = 1200
360
7x x 480000  5 x
 = 10  = 1200
120 18 360
21x  20 x  480000 – 5x = 432000
= 10
360  5x = 480000 – 432000 = 48000
x = 3600 48000
 x   9600
 Investment in each company = ` 3600 5
23. Supriya invests `15,000, partly in shares
 Investment in first type = ` 9600
of 9% of `20 shares at `24 and partly in
8% of `50 shares at `45. If her total income and in second type = ` 15000 – 9600
from the shares is `1200, how much has = ` 5400
she invested in each ? 24. A man invested ` 45,000 in 15%, ` 100
Sol. Investment by Supriya = ` 15000 shares quoted at `125. When the market
and total annual income = ` 1200 value of these shares rose to `140, he sold
Let its x part is invested in first type of some shares, just enough to raise `8,400.
shares Calculate
and remaining (Rs. 15000 – x) in the second (i) the number of shares he still holds.
In the first type of share (ii) the dividend due to him on these
Face value = ` 20 remaining shares. [2004]
Market value = ` 24 Sol. Investment = ` 45000
Dividend rate = 9% MV = ` 125
x 9 3x 45000
Now dividend   20   No. of shares = = 360.
24 100 40 125
...(i) (i) When he sold 1 share he got ` 140.
and in second type
8400
Face value = ` 50  No. of shares sold to get ` 840 =
140
Market value = ` 45
= 60
 No of shares left = 360 – 60 = 300. discount of 10%. When the company

(ii)  Dividend on these 300 shares declared 8% dividend, she collected the
annual dividend and sold the shares when
15 the price rose to `60 each. Calculate
=  100  300 = ` 4500
100 (i) her annual dividend.
25. Anil buys a `100 shares at `150 and gets (ii) the profit made by selling the shares.
8% profit on his investment. Find the Sol. Deepika bought shares = 80
percentage of dividend declared by the
company. If he buys 350 shares of the Face value of each share = ` 50
company, find his annual income. and market value at a discount of 10%
Sol. Anil buys 350 shares of face value of each 100  10
share = ` 100  ` 50 
100
and market value = ` 150
Profit on his investment = 8% 90
 ` 50   ` 45
100
r %  MV
Rate of dividend  Market price of 80 shares = 80 × ` 45
FV
= ` 3600
4 3
8  150 Rate of dividend = 8%
  12%
100 2 8
(i) Her annual dividend  50 80
Annual dividend = 350 × 12 = ` 4200 1 00
26. Anand invested ` 7800 in shares of a = ` 320
company paying 9% dividend. He bought
(ii) By selling the shares at market price of `60
`50 shares at a premium of 20%. Find his
annual income from the shares and rate of (i) Sale proceed = 80 × 60 = ` 4800
interest on his investment. Other gain = ` 4800 – 3600 = ` 1200
Sol. Anand’s investment = ` 7800 28. Shradha sold x shares of `100 paying 15%
Rate of dividend = 9% p.a. dividend at a premium of 60% and invested
Face value of each share = ` 50 the proceeds in shares of normal value `50
and market value at a premium of 20% quoted at 4% discount, paying 18%
dividend. Her income increased by `900.
100  20 120 Find the value of x.
 ` 50   ` 50 
100 100
15
= ` 60 Sol. AI from Co. I =  100x = ` 15x
100
7800  50 9 Sale Proceeds = No. of shares sold × SP
Now his dividend  
60 100 = x  160
= ` 585 New MV = 50 – 4% of 50 = 50 – 2 = ` 48
Rate of interest on his investment
Sale Proceeds
15 No. of shares in new Co. = New MV
585  1 00 15 1
  %7 %
2 78 00 2 2 160 x 10 x
= 
27. Deepika bought 80 shares of `50 each at a 48 3

18 10 x company B sells `25 shares at a premium

AI from Co. II =   50 = 30x of `2, giving 9% dividend. Which company
100 3
is better for him to invest in? What would
Difference in AI = 30x – 15x = 900 be his annual dividend from this company?
15x = 900 Sol. Mr. Sagar’s investment = ` 54000
900 In A’s company,
x= = 60 shares face value of each share = ` 100
15
and market value at premium of ` 20
29. Arjav invested ` 24,000 in ` 50 shares
= 100 + 20 = ` 120
bought at 4% discount giving 10%
Rate of dividend = 9% p.a.
dividend. After one year he sold the shares
at `65 and invested the proceeds (including 1350
his dividend) in `100 shares sold at `70 5400 0 3
Annual dividend  9
giving 11% dividend. 12 0
4
Calculate
= ` 4050
(i) the change in annual dividend.
In B’s company,
(iii) the percentage increase in return on original Face value of each share = ` 25
investment. and Market value at premium of ` 2
Sol. FV = ` 50, discount = 4% of 50 = ` 2 = ` 25 + 2
MV = ` (50 – 2) = ` 48 = ` 27
24000 Rate of dividend = 9%
No. of shares = = 500 54000  25  9
48
 Annual dividend  `
27  100
10
AI =  50  500 = ` 2500 = ` 4500
100
It is clear that company B’s share are better.
Sale Proceeds = ` (500  65) = ` 32,500 31. Rohit invested `9600 in `100 shares at `20
New Investment = 32500 + 2500 premium paying 8% dividend. He sold the
= ` 35,000 shares when the price rose to `160. He
New MV = ` 70 invested the proceeds in 10% of `50 at `40.
Find the
35000
New Company’s shares = = 500 (i) original number of shares.
70
(ii) sale proceeds.
11 (iii) new number of shares.
New AI =  500  100 = ` 5500
100 (iv) change in the two dividends. [2015]
Increase in income = ` 3000 Sol. Rohit’s investment = ` 9600
% Increase in return on original investment Face value of each share = ` 100
and market value at ` 20 premium,
3000 1 = ` 100 + 20 = ` 120
=  100 = 12 %
24000 2 Rate of dividend = 8%
30. Mr Sagar wants to invest `54,000 in buying (i) Now number of shares he has
shares. Company A sells `100 shares at a
9600
premium of `20 giving 9% dividend and  `  80
120
and dividend earned = 80 × 8 = ` 640 If he earns `1200 at the end of the year as
(ii) By selling shares at ` 160, dividend, find
his sale proceed = ` 160 × 80 (i) the number of shares.
= ` 12800 (ii) the rate of dividend. [2001]
By investing the sale proceed in ` 50 at Sol. Investment = ` 8800
` 40. FV = ` 100
12800 MV = FV + Premium = ` 110
(iii) New number of shares   320
40 8800
Rate of dividend = 10% No. of shares = = 80
110
50  10 d
 Dividend received  320  AI =  n  FV
100 100
= ` 1600
d
(iv) Change in income = ` 1600 – 640 1200 =  80  100
100
= ` 960
1200
Miscellaneous Exercise  d= = 15%
80
1. Ashish buys 70 shares available at ` 125 3. Aryan buys ` 40 shares in a company
(par value `100). paying 12% dividend. He buys the shares
at such a price that he gets 16% return on
(i) How much is his investment ?
his investment.
(ii) If the dividend is 7.5%, what will be his
(i) At what price did he buy each share ?
annual income ?
(ii) If he bought 50 shares, find his annual
(iii) If he wants to increase his income by
income.
` 105, how many extra shares should he
buy ? Sol. Aryan bought shares of a company of
Sol. Ashish bought 70 shares of face value ` 100 Face value = ` 40
and market value of ` 125 Rate of dividend = 12%
(i) His investment = 70 × 125 = ` 8750 Interest on his return = 16%
(ii) Rate of dividend = 7.5%
d %  FV
 His annual income = 7.5 × 70 (i)  Market value 
r%
35 15
 ` 70  = ` 525 6 5
2 12  40
 = ` 30
(iii) If he wants to increase his income by 16 2 1
` 105
(ii) Number of shares = 50
then number of shares required
 Annual income
7
= No. of shares × FV × d%
105 105
   2 = 14 shares
7.5 15 12
 50 40   ` 240
2. Ankur invests ` 8800 in buying shares of 10 0
face value `100 each, at a premium of 10%.

4. Arjun invests `60,000 in 12%, `100 shares According to the condition,

quoted at `125. When the market value of
7x x
these rose to `140 each, he sold enough  = 200
shares to raise `11,200. Calculate 80 12
(i) the number of shares he still holds. 84 x  80 x
= 200
(ii) the annual income on these shares. 960
Sol. Arjun’s investment = ` 60000
50
Face value of each share = ` 100 200  960
Market value = ` 125  4x = 200 × 960  x 
4
x = 48000
60000  Investment in each case = ` 48000
Number of shares   480
125 6. Salman invests a sum of money in ` 50
 when market value is ` 140 shares, paying 15% dividend quoted at 20%
Then by selling shares at ` 140 he gets sale premium. If his annual dividend is `600,
proceed = ` 11200 calculate
11200 (i) the number of shares he bought.
 Number of share he sold   80 (ii) his total investment.
140
(i)  Remaining shares = 480 – 80 = 400 (iii) the rate of return on his investment.
(ii) And annual income from these shares [2014]
= 400 × 12 Sol. FV = ` 50, Premium = 20%
= ` 4800 MV = 50 + 20% of 50 = ` 60
5. Priya invests equal sums of money in d = 15%
companies A and B. Company A gives 7%
15
dividend on `100 shares selling at `80 and (i) AI = 600 =  50  n
company B gives 10% dividend on `100 100
shares selling at `120. If her annual income 600  2
from A exceeds the income from B by `200, n= = 80 shares
15
how much does she invest in each?
Sol. Let investment in each company = ` x (ii) Investment = 80  60 = ` 4800
In company A (iii) r  MV = d  FV
Dividend = 7% 15  50 1
FV = ` 100 r= = 12 %
60 2
MV = ` 80
1
x 7x  rate of return = 12 %
 Annual income  7  2
80 80
7. Arpit invests ` 7500 in ` 100 shares selling
In company B at a premium of ` 50, paying 10% dividend.
Dividend = 10% After one year, he sells these shares for
FV of each share = ` 100 ` 175 each and invests the proceeds in ` 20
MV = ` 120 shares selling at ` 25. If the rate of dividend
x x is 9%, find the change in income.
 Annual income   10 
120 12 Sol. Arpit’s investment = ` 7500
Face value of each share = ` 100 After one year, he sold the shares at the
Market Value = ` 100 + 50 = ` 150 premium of ` 10
Rate of dividend = 10% p.a.  Sale proceed = 500 × (50 + 10)
= ` 500 × 60
50
750 0 = ` 30000
 Income   10 = ` 500 and invest the sale proceed in ` 100 share
15 0
selling at ` 80 per share
7500  His annual income = ` 2500 + 500
and number of shares  `  50
150 = ` 3000
After one year by selling these shares for 30000  100
` 175 and purchase shares at ` 25  Face value of share 
80
 Sale proceeds = 50 × 175 = ` 8750
= ` 37500
8750
No. of shares of new company   350 37500
25 Number of shares   375
100
 Total dividend received 3000
 Rate of dividend   8%
375
9
 35 0  2 0  = ` 630 9. Mr. Parekh invested ` 52,000 in ` 100
100
shares at a discount of ` 20 paying 8%
 Change incomes = ` 630 – ` 500 = ` 130 dividend. At the end of one year, he sells
8. A man invested ` 24,000 in ` 50 shares the shares at a premium of ` 20. Find
bought at 4% discount giving 10%
(i) the annual dividend.
dividend. After 1 year, he sold the shares at
a premium of ` 10 and invested the (ii) the profit earned including his dividend.
proceeds in ` 100 share selling at ` 80. Thus [2011]
his annual income increased by ` 500. Find Sol. Investment = ` 52,000
the rate of dividend of the new company. FV = ` 100, discount = ` 20
Sol. A man’s investment = ` 24000 52000
Face value of each share = ` 50 No. of shares = = 650
80
Market value at a discount of 4%
8
(100  4) AI =   650  100 = ` 5200
 ` 50  100
100
Bought the share at ` 80 and
96 Sold at = 100 + 20 = ` 120
 ` 50  = ` 48
100 Profit on each share = ` 40
Rate of dividend = 10% Profit on 650 shares = 650  40
5 00 = ` 26000
24000 10 AI = ` 5200
 Income  `  50 
48 100 Total profit = Profit on 650 shares + AI
= ` 2500 = ` 31,200
24000 10. Mr. Varma invests ` 9600 in 5%, ` 100
Number of shares   500
48 shares at ` 80. After a year he sold these
shares at ` 90 each and invested the 8000

proceeds (including his dividend) in 9%, Number of shares   100
80
` 50 shares at ` 57. Calculate
(i) his dividend for the first year. After one year, he sold these shares at ` 75
 Sale proceed = ` 100 × 75 = ` 7500
(ii) his annual income in the second year.
and total investment including dividend
(iii) the percentage increase in his return on his
original investment. = ` 7500 + 700 = ` 8200
He purchase shares of face value of ` 25
9600 and market value of ` 41
Sol. No. of shares held = = 120
80  Number of shares purchased
5 8200
(i) AI =  120  100 = ` 600   200
100 41
Sale Proceeds = 120  ` 90 = ` 10800 and nominal value of these shares
New Investment = Sale Proceeds + AI = 200 × 25
` (1080 + 600) = ` 11400 = ` 5000
11400
New company’s shares = = 200 18
57 (i)  Dividend earned  ` 50 00 
100
9 = ` 900
(ii) New AI =  200  50 = ` 900
100 (ii) Increase in his income = ` 900 – 700
(iii) Increase in income = ` 300 = ` 200
% increase in his return or original % increase on original investment
300 1 1
investment =  100 = 3 % 200  5 10 0
9600 8 
8000
11. Mr Ram Gopal invested ` 8,000 in 7%,
240
` 100 shares at ` 80. After a year he sold
these shares at ` 75 each and invested the 5
proceeds (including his dividend) in 18%,   2.5%
2
`25 shares at ` 41. Find :
(i) his dividend for the first year.
Board Based Questions
(ii) his annual income in the second year.
(iii) the percentage increase in his return on his 1. Mr Sharma has 60 shares of nominal value
original investment. [2006] ` 100 and he decides to sell them when
Sol. Money invested by Ram Gopal = ` 8000 they are at a premium of 60%. He invests
Face value of each share = ` 100 the proceeds in shares of nominal value
` 50, quoted at 4% discount, paying 18%
Market value = ` 80
dividend annually. Calculate :
(i) the sale proceeds
8000 (ii) the number of shares he buys [1995]
 Dividend for the year  7
80 (iii) his annual dividend from these shares.
= ` 700 Sol. 60 shares sold at MV = 100 + 60 = ` 160

(i) Sale Proceeds = 60  160 = ` 9600 Rate of dividend = 15%

(ii) New MV = FV – discount  Annual dividend = 1800 × 15 = ` 27000
4 and total investment = 1800 × 140
= 50 –  50 = ` 48 = ` 252000
100
3
9600 27 000 25
No. of shares bought = = 200  Rate of return   100
48
252 000
28 7
18
(iii) His annual dividend =  200  50
100 75
= ` 1800  %
5
2. A man invests a sum of money in ` 100
= 10.71%
shares, paying 15% dividend, quoted at 20%
premium. If his annual dividend is `540, = 11% (to nearest integer)
calculate : 4. A company with 10,000 shares of `100
(i) his total investment ; each, declares an annual dividend of 5%.
(ii) the rate of return on his investment. [1996] (i) What is the total amount of dividend paid
Sol. Face value of each share = ` 100 by the company ?
and market value = ` 120 (ii) What would be the annual income of a man,
Rate of dividend = 15% who has 72 shares, in the company ?
and amount of dividend = ` 540 (iii) If he received only 4% on his investment,
find the price he paid for each share. [1998]
540 Sol. A company has 10000 shares
 Number of shares   36
15 Face value of each share = ` 100
and amount of investment = ` 120 × 36 Rate of dividend = 5%
= ` 4320 (i)  Total amount of dividend = 10000 × 5
1
= ` 50000
54 0 25 (ii) Aman who has 72 shares in the company
(ii) Rate of return   100
432 0 get dividend = 72 × 5 = 360
82 % return = 4%
t %  F.V.
25 (iii)  Maket value of each share 
 % = 12.5% r%
2
3. A lady holds 1800, ` 100 shares of a 5  100
company that pays 15% dividend annually.
 = ` 125
4
Calculate her annual dividend. If she had 5. A dividend of 9% was declared on ` 100
bought these shares at 40% premium, what shares selling at a certain price. If the rate
percentage return does she get on her 1
investment. Give your answer to the nearest of return is 7 %, calculate :
2
integer. [1997] (i) the market value of the share ;
Sol. No. of shares a lady has = 1800 (ii) the amount to be invested to obtain an annual
Face value of each share = ` 100 dividend of ` 630. [2000]
Market value = 40% premium = ` 100 + Sol. Rate of dividend = 9%
40 = ` 140
(i) Face value = ` 100 (ii) The dividend he receives annually. [2003]
1 15 (iii) The ratio of interest he gets on his money.
Rate of return (r%)  7 %  % Sol. Investment of a man = ` 20020
2 2
Minimal value of each share = ` 26
d %  F.V.
 M.V.  100  10
r% Market value of each share  ` 26 
100
9 3  100 20  2 13 110 143
  ` 120  ` 26
15   = ` 28.60
31
10 0 5
5
(ii) Annual dividend = ` 630 (i) Number of shares he bought
630 20020
Number of shares  `  70   700
9 28.60
 Amount of investment = 70 × 120
15
= ` 8400 (ii) Annual dividend   7 00  26
100
6. A man wants to buy 62 shares available at
` 132 (par value of ` 100). = ` 2730
(i) How much should he invest ? (iii) Rate of interest on his return
(ii) If the dividend is 7.5%, what will be his 273 0 50
annual income ?   100 %
2002 0
(iii) If he wants to increase his annual income 1001
by ` 150, how many extra shares should
13650
he buy ? [2002]  = 13.636%
Sol. Number of shares bought = 62 1001
= 13.64% (approx.)
Market value of each share = ` 132
8. Mr Tiwari invested ` 29,040 in 15% ` 100
Face value = ` 100
shares quoted at a premium of 20%.
(i)  Investment = 62 × 132 = ` 8184 Calculate : [2005]
(i) The number of shares bought by
 Annual income = 7.5 % × 62
Mr Tiwari.
31 62  15 (ii) Mr Tiwari’s income from the investment.
  ` 465
2 (iii) The percentage return on his investment.
(ii) Increase in income = ` 150 Sol. Mr. Tiwari’s investment = ` 29040
 Extra share should he buy Nominal value of each share = ` 100
Market value of each share = ` 100 + 20
2
150  10 = ` 120
  20
75 Dividend = 15%
7. A man invests ` 20,020 in buying shares 242
of nominal value ` 26 at 10% premium. The 2904 0
(i) Number of shares he bought  `
dividend on the shares is 15% per annum. 12 0
1
Calculate :
= 242
(i) The number of shares he buys.
(ii) Dividend received by Mr. Tiwari = 242 × 15 10. A company with 4000 shares of nominal
= ` 3630 value of ` 110 each declares an annual
(iii) Percentage return on his investment dividend of 15%. Calculate :
(i) The total amount of dividend paid by the
1
25 company.
36 3 0
  100 (ii) The annual income of Shah Rukh who holds
2904 0
72 6 88 shares in the company.
2
(iii) If he received only 10% on his investment,
find the price Shah Rukh paid for each share.
25
  12.5% [2008]
2
9. Ajay owns 560 shares of a company. The Sol. Shares of a company = 4000
face value of each share is ` 25. The Nominal value of each share = ` 110
company declares a dividend of 9%. Rate of dividend = 15%
Calculate : (i) Total amount of investment
(i) The dividend that Ajay will get. = 4000 × 110
(ii) The rate of interest on his investment, if = ` 440000
Ajay had paid ` 30 for each share. [2007]
(ii) Dividend on one share
Sol. Number of shares Ajay own = 560
Face value of each share = ` 25 3
Rate of dividend = 9% 15  11 0 33
 
10 0 2
9 2
 Dividend on one share   25
100 4 = ` 16.50
9  Annual income = 4000 × 16.50 = ` 66000
`
4 (ii) Shares held by Shah Rukh = 88
(a)  Total dividend he receives  His annual income = 88 × 16.50 = ` 1452
140 (iii) Rate of interest (r%) = 10%
9
 560   Market value of each share
4
= ` 1260 d %  FV 15  110
  = ` 165
(b) Market value of each share = ` 30 r% 10
 Total investment = ` 30 × 560 11. Amit Kumar invests ` 36,000 in buying
= ` 16800 ` 100 shares at ` 20 premium. The dividend
and rate of interest on his returns is 15% per annum. Find :
(i) The number of shares he buys
Total dividend
  100 (ii) His yearly dividend
Investment
(iii) The percentage return on his investment.
15
Give your answer correct to the nearest
1260 15
  100  %  7·5% whole number. [2009]
168 00 2
2 Sol. Investment of Amit kumar = ` 36000
Market value = ` 100 + 20 = ` 120 Total nominal value of 72 shares

Rate of dividend = 15% p.a. = 72 × 100 = 7200
Dividend = 12%
36000
(i) Number of shares he buys  12
120
 Total dividend received  ` 7200 
= 300 100
(ii) Yearly dividend = 300 × 15 = ` 4500 = ` 864
(iii) Percent return on his investment (iii) Now change in his income = ` 864 – 240
= ` 624
5
5 13. A man invests ` 9600 on ` 100 shares at
45 00
  10 0 ` 80. If the company pays him 18%
36 00 0
42 dividend, find :
(i) the number of shares he buys.
25 (ii) his total dividend.
 %  12.5%
2 (iii) his percentage return on the shares.
= 13% (approx.) [2012]
12. Vivek invests ` 4500 in 8%, ` 10 shares at Sol. Total investment done = ` 9600
` 15. He sells the shares when the price
rises to ` 30, and invests the proceeds in
12% ` 100 shares at ` 125. Calculate Market value = ` 80
(i) the sale proceeds. Dividend = 18%
(ii) the number of ` 125 shares he buys. 9600
(i) Number of shares  `  120
(iii) the change in his annual income from 80
dividend. [2010] (ii) Total dividend received = 120 × 18 = ` 2160
Sol. Investment of Vivek = ` 4500
Face value of each share = ` 10 180 45
Market value = ` 15 2160
(iii) Percentage return   100
Dividend = 8% 96 00
82
4500
Number of shares he bought  45 1
15  %  22 %
2 2
= 300
14. Salman buys 50 shares of face value ` 100
8 available at ` 132.
 Dividend received  300  10  = ` 240
100 (i) What is his investment ?
Total nominal value of 300 shares (ii) If the dividend is 7.5%, what will be his
= 300 × 10 = ` 3000 annual income ?
(i) He sells the share for ` 30 (iii) If he wants to increase his annual income
 His sale proceed = 300 × 30 = ` 9000 by ` 150, how many extra shares should
and invested his proceed in 12% ` 100 share he buy ? [2013]
at ` 125 Sol. Salman bought = 50 shares
9000 Face value of each share = ` 100
 Number of shares bought   72
125 Market value = ` 132

(i) His investment = 50 × 132 = ` 6600

25
50  15
 Annual income = 50 × 7.5  = ` 375
2
(iii) He wants to increase his income by ` 150
10
150 150
 Number of extra shares bought    2 = 20 shares
7.5 15
15. Ashok invested ` 26400 on 12%, ` 25 shares of a company. If he receives a dividend of ` 2,475,
find the :
(i) number of shares he bought. (ii) market value of each share. [2016]
Sol. Investment = ` 26400
FV = ` 25, d = 12%.
Let no. of shares be n.
(i) Annual income = ` 2475
12
  n  25 = 2475
100
2475  100
n= 12  25 = 825
Investment 26400
(ii) MV =  = ` 32
No. of shares 825

Exercise 4  Solution set = {x : x  5, x  R}

Solve the following inequations and
represent the solution set on the number     2 3 4 5 6 7
line where x R.
1. 3x + 5 < 6x – 4 5
Sol. 3x + 5 < 6x – 4 4. 11 + 1 x  4  3 x
6
 5 + 4 < 6x – 3x  9 < 3x
5
9 Sol. 11  1 x  4  3x
 3x > 9  x > x>3 6
3
5
 Solution set = {x : x > 3, x  R} 11  4  3 x  1 x
6
   2 3 4 5 6 11
 7  3x  x
6
2. 1 – 2x  9 – 4x
Sol. 1 – 2x  9 – 4x 18  11
 7 x
 – 2x + 4x  9 – 1  2x  8 6
8 7
 x x4  7 x
2 6
 Solution set = {x : x  4, x  R} 6
7
 x7  x 7 
6 7
    2 3 4 5 6
 x6
3. 17 – 2x  3x – 8  Solution set = {x : x  6, x  R}
Sol. 17 – 2x  3x – 8
 17 + 8  3x + 2x  25  5x     2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
25
 5x  25  x  5. x – 2 (3x – 1) > 2 (x – 2) – x
5
 x5 Sol. x – 2(3x – 1) > 2 (x – 2) – x, x  R
 x – 6x + 2 > 2x – 4 – x Sol. 18  4x – 2, x  I
 –5x + 2 > x – 4 18 + 2  4x  20  4x
 6 > 6x 20
 1>x  4x  20  x 
4
 Solution set = {x : x < 1, x  R}
 x5
 x = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, ......}
4x x
4.  2   1, x  I
3 3
11  2 x 15  3 x 4x x
6.   2   1, x  I
5 6 Sol.
3 3
11  2 x 15  3x 4x x
Sol.    1  2
5 6 3 3
 6 (11 – 2x)  5 (15 – 3x)
3x
 66 – 12x  75 – 15x  1  x  1
3
 – 12x + 15x  75 – 66  3x  9
 x = {.... – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1}
9 5. 25 – 4x  16. Find the smallest value of x
 x x3
3 when (i) x R, (ii) x Z
 Solution set = {x : x  3, x  R} Sol. 25 – 4x  16.
Find the smallest value of x when
    2 3 4 5 6 (i) x R, (ii) x Z.
 25 – 16  4x  9  4x
II. Write the solution set for the following
inequations : 9
 4x  9  x 
1. 9  1 – 2x where x {– 3, – 4, – 5, – 6} 4
Sol. 9  1 – 2x where x  {– 3, – 4, – 5, – 6}
1
9  1 – 2x  2x  1 – 9  x2
4
8
 2x  – 8  x   1
2 (i) x  2 when x  R
4
 x–4 (ii) x = 3 when x  I
 x = {– 4, – 5, – 6}
6. 19 – 4x  3, x  prime numbers less than
2. 3 – 2x  x – 12 where x N 15.
Sol. 3 – 2x  x – 12, where x  N Sol. 19 – 4x  3, x  prime numbers less than
12 + 3  x + 2x  15  3x 15.
19 – 3  4x  16  4x
15
 3x  15  x  x5 16
3
4x  16  x  4
 x = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 4
3. 18  4x – 2, x I  x4

 x = {5, 7, 11, 13} 3. 11  15  2 y  23, y  Z

III. Solve the following inequations. Sol. 11  15 – 2y < 23, y  Z
Represent the solution set on the Now 11  15 – 2y < 23, y  Z
number line.
11  15 – 2y  2y  15 – 11
1. 1  25  2 x  5 x  40, x  Z
4
Sol. 1  25 – 2x < 5x – 40, x  Z  2y  4  y 
2
Now 1  25 – 2x
 y2 ...(i)
 2x  25 – 1  2x  24
and 15 – 2y < 23  15 – 23 < 2y
24  – 8 < 2y  – 4 < y ...(ii)
 x  x  12
2 From (i) and (ii)
 12  x ...(i) –4<y2
or 25 – 2x < 5x – 40  y = {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2}
 25 + 40  5x + 2x  65 < 7x
65 65     0 1 2 3 4 5
 x  x  ...(ii) 4. 12  2  5 y  2 ( y  2)  y, y  I
7 7
From (i) and (ii)
Sol. 12  2  5 y  2 ( y  2)  y, y  I
65 2
12  x   12  x  9
7 7 12  2  5 y  4 y  2  y, y  I
 x = {10, 11, 12}
 12  2 – 5y > 3y – 2, y  I
 –   11 12 13 14 Now 12  2 – 5y  12 – 2  – 5y
2. 8  x  7  2 (2  x ), x  W  10  – 5y  5y  – 10
Sol. – 8  x –7  2 (2 – x), x  W
 y  –2 ....(i)
– 8  x – 7  4 – 2x
Now – 8  x – 7  – 8 + 7  x and 2 – 5y > 3y – 2
 –1x ...(i)  2 + 2 > 3y + 5y  4 > 8y
x – 7  4 – 2x
x + 2x  4 + 7  3x  11 1
 <y ...(ii)
11 2
 x ...(ii)
3
From (i) and (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
11 2 1
1  x   1  x  3 < y  –2
3 3 2
 x = {0, 1, 2, 3}
 x = {–1, –2}
   2 3 4 5 6  –  1 2 3 4 5

1 3x  1 5 1/2
5. 2    3 , xR
2 4 8    2 3 4 5 6
2  3 x  1 29
Sol. –2 <  , xR 7. 5  2 x  1  5, x  R
4 8
Sol. – 5 < 2x + 1  5, x  R
1  3x 29
–2 <  , xR Now – 5 < 2x + 1
4 8 – 5 – 1 < 2x  – 6 < 2x
1  3x 29  –3<x ...(i)
–8 < 1 – 3x 
4 8 and 2x + 1  5  2x  5 – 1
3x < 9 2 – 6x  29 4
 2x  4  x
x<3 –27  6x 2
27  x2 ...(ii)
x From (i) and (ii)
6
–3<x2
9  x = {x : – 3 < x  2, x  R}
x
2
1       2 3
4 x
2
8. 2  3  2 x  5, x  R
 1  Sol. – 2 < 3 – 2x  5, x  R
 Solution set =  x :  4  x  3, x  R 
 2  Now – 2 < 3 – 2x
 2x < 3 + 2  2x < 5
5 1
 x  x2 ...(i)
2 2
and 3 – 2x  5  3 – 5  2x
6. 2  2 x  3  1, x  R  – 2  2x  – 1  x ...(ii)
Sol. – 2  2x – 3 < 1, x  R From (i) and (ii)
Now – 2  2x – 3  1 
 – 2 + 3  2x  1  2x  x =  x : 1  x  2 , x  R 
 2 
1
 x
2
...(i) 21
2
and 2x – 3 < 1  2x < 1 + 3       2 3
 2x < 4  x < 2 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii) 9. 5  x  2  7  2 x, x  N
Sol. – 5 < x – 2  7 – 2x, x  N
1
x2 Now – 5 < x – 2  – 5 + 2 < x
2
 –3<x ...(i)
 1  and x – 2  7 – 2x
 x   x :  x  2, x  R 
 2 
 x + 2x  2 + 7  3x  9 –12  4 – 3x 4 – 3x  7
9 3x  16 –3  3x
 x ...(ii)
3 1
x5       –1  x
From (i) and (ii) 3
–3<x3  Solution set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 x = {1, 2, 3}
    2 3 4 5
1 2 x 1
12.   1  , x R
2 1 1 5 5 5
10. 1  x   4 , x  W
3 3 3 1 2x 1
Sol.   1 , x  R
2 1 1 5 5 5
Sol. 1  x   4 , x  W
3 3 3 1 2x
Now   1
5 1 13 5 5
 x 
3 3 3 1 2x 6 2x
  1    
5 1 5 5 5 5
Now  x
3 3 6 5
   x –3x ...(i)
5 1 6 5 2
   x   x
3 3 3 2x 1 2x 1
 –2x ...(i) and  1    1
5 5 5 5
1 1
x 4 2x 4
  x 
4 5
3 3 
5 5 5 2
1 1  x<–2 ...(ii)
 x4  x<4 ...(ii)
3 3 From (i) and (ii)
From (i) and (ii) –3x<–2
– 2  x < 4, x  W  x = {x : – 3  x < – 2, x R}
 x = {0, 1, 2, 3}
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
      2 3
IV. Solve for x and write the solution set
2 x 1 for the following inequations and
11. 2   1 , x N represent it on the number line.
3 2 6
1. 1  15  7 x  2 x  27, x  R
Sol. –2 
2 x 1
 1 , x  N Sol. 1  15 – 7x > 2x – 27, x  R
3 2 6 1  15 – 7x 15 – 7x > 2x – 27
4  3x 7 7x  14 15 + 27 > 7x + 2x
–2   x2 42 > 9x
6 6

42 5x 20 20 3
x    x 
9 3 3 3 5
2  x>–4
x< 4
3 4x
and  2  2x  4
 2  3
x : 2  x  4 , x R 
 3  4x 6x  4x
2  4  2 x   2
3 3
2 23
 2 x  x 3x ...(ii)
3 2
From (i) and (ii)
3  x > – 4  – 4 < x  3, x  R
2. 2  x  5  2 x  x  1, x  R  x = {x : – 4 < x  3, x R}
Sol. 2 – x  5 – 2x < x – 1, x  R
Now 2 – x  5 – 2x      0 1 2 3
 – x + 2x  5 – 2  x  3 ...(i)
and 5 – 2x < x – 1 4. x  2  3( x  2)  5  8  x, x  R
5 + 1 < x + 2x Sol. x – 2  3 (x – 2) + 5 < 8 – x, x  R
 6 < 3x Now x – 2  3 (x – 2) + 5
 x – 2  3x – 6 + 5
6
 x 2<x ...(ii)  – 2 + 6 – 5  3x – x
3
From (i) and (ii) 1
 – 1  2x   x ...(i)
2<x3 2
 x = {x : 2 < x  3, x R} and 3 (x – 2) + 5 < 8 – x
 3x – 6 + 5 < 8 – x  3x + x < 8 + 6 – 5
9
  2 3 4 5  4x < 9  x  ...(ii)
4
14 4 x From (i) and (ii)
3. 3 x    2  2 x  4, x  R
3 3 1 9
  x    x :  1  x  2 1 , x  R 
14 4 x 2 4  2 4 
Sol. 3x    2  2 x  4, x  R
3 3

 
14 4 x 
Now 3x   2
3 3    2 3 4 5 6
4x 14 5. 4 x  3  2 x  7  6 x  1, x  Z
3x   2 
3 3 Sol. 4x – 3  2x + 7 < 6x – 1, x  Z
9 x  4 x 6  14 Now 4x – 3  2x + 7
 
3 3  4x – 2x  7 + 3  2x  10

10 9  3x 8 x  6 14  6 x
 x x5 ...(i)  
2 3 3 3
and 2x + 7 < 6x – 1 –9 + 3x  8x + 6 8x + 6  14 + 6x
 1 + 7 < 6x – 2x –15  5x 2x  8
8 –3  x x4
 8 < 4x  x
4  Solution set = {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
 2<x ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
2<x5
 Solution set = {3, 4, 5} 8. 13x  5  15 x  4  7 x  12, x  R
[2015]
Sol. 13x – 5 < 15x + 4 < 7x + 12, x  R
0 1 2 3 4 5
Now 13x – 5 < 15x + 4
– 5 – 4 < 15x – 13x  – 9 < 2x
6. 22  2 x  1  x  4  x, x  I
9
Sol. 22 – 2x  1 + x > 4 – x, x  I   x ...(i)
2
Now 22 – 2x  1 + x
and 15x + 4 < 7x + 12
 22 – 1  x + 2x  21  3x
 15x – 7x < 12 – 4  8x < 8
21  x<1 ...(ii)
 x 7x
3 From (i) and (ii)
 x7 ....(i)
9 1
and 1 + x > 4 – x   x 1  4  x 1
2 2
x + x > 4 – 1  2x > 3
 1 
3 Solution set   x : 4  x  1, x  R 
 x  2 
2
3 
x  
 ...(ii)
2
        2 3
From (i) and (ii),
 3  Miscellaneous Exercise
 Solution set =  x :  x  7, x  I 
 2 
1. – 15 < 1 – 4x < 9, x  Z
= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Sol. – 15 < 1 – 4x < 9, x  Z
Now – 15 < 1 – 4x
 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4x < 1 + 15  4x < 16
8x 14
7. x  3   2  2x  , x  I [2009] 16
3 3  x x<4 ...(i)
4
8x 14 And 1 – 4x < 9
Sol. x – 3  + 2  + 2x, x  I.
3 3  1 – 9 < 4x  – 8  4x

8 3
  x –2<x ...(ii) x3 –2  x
4 4
From (i) and (ii) Note: x  N,   Do not take –2, –1, 0
–2<x<4
 Solution set = {– 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
    2 3 4 5 1 x 1 1
4.   1  , x  R
3 2 3 6
x 4x x
2. 4  2   1, x  R
3 3 3 1 x 1 1
Sol.   1 
3 2 3 6
x 4x x
Sol. 4  2  1
3 3 3 1 x 1
Now   1
x 4x 3 2 3
Now 4 2
3 3 1 1 x
 1 
4x x 3 3 2
4  2   –2<x ...(i)
3 3 x
 1
4x x 2
and  2  1
3 3  2x ...(i)
x 1 1 x 1 1
4x x
  1  2  x  1 ...(ii) and 1    1
3 3 2 3 6 2 6 3
From (i) and (ii) x 1 4 x 9
    
– 2 < x  1, x  R 2 6 3 2 6
 Solution set = {x : – 2 < x  1, x  R}
3
9
 x 2 x<3 ...(ii)
63
     2 3
From (i) and (ii)
1 2x 5 2  x < 3 (x  R)
3. 2   1 , x N [2001]
2 3 6  Solution set = {x : 2  x < 3, x  R}
1 2x 5
Sol. –2   1 , x  N
2 3 6  2 3 4 5
12 3  4 x 11 5. x + 5  2x + 3  12 – x, x  N
 
6 6 6 Sol. x + 5  2x + 3  12 – x, x  N
–12  3 – 4x 3 – 4x  11 Now x + 5  2x + 3
4x  15 3 – 11  4x  5 – 3  2x – x  2  x ...(i)
and 2x + 3  12 – x
15
x  –8  4x  2x + x < 12 – 3
4
9 (i) A  B = {x : –1 < x  5, x  R}
 3x  9  x 
3
 x3 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), 2  x  3 B outside B
Solution set = {2, 3}
(ii) A  B = {x : –3  x  –1, x  R}
  2 3 4 5
8. Solve the following inequation and represent
6. Find P  Q and represent on the number the solution set on the number line.
line.
3x 2
P = {x : 8x – 1 > 5x + 2, x N} and 4 x  19   2  x  , x R
5 5
Q = {x : 7x – 2  3 (x + 6), x N}
Sol. Given, P = {x : 8x – 1 > 5x + 2, x N} and 3x 2
Sol. 4x – 19 < –2  + x, x  R
P : 8x – 5x > 2 + 1 5 5
 3x > 3 20 x  95 3 x  10 2  5 x
 
 x>1 5 5 5
 {P = {2, 3, 4...} 20x – 95 < 3x – 10 3x – 10  –2 + 5x
Given, Q = {x : 7x – 2  3(x + 6) x N} 17x < 85 –8  2x
 Q : 7x – 3x  18 + 2 x<5 –4  x
 4x  20  Solution set = {x : –4  x < 5, x  R}
 x5
Q = {5, 6, 7...}
PQ=Q
9. Given A = {x – 1 < 2x – 5 < 11, x  R}

B = {x – 11  3x – 2  10, x  R}
7. A = {x  3  x  5, x  R},
(i) Represent A and B are number lines
B  {x :  1  x  8, x  R}. Represent (ii) Also represent A  B on the number line.
(i) A  B Sol. A = {x – 1 < 2x – 5 < 11, x  R}
(ii) A  B on different number lines.  x – 1 < 2x – 5
 – 1 + 5 < 2x – x
Write down :
 4<x ...(i)
(iii) the least value of A  B
 2x – 5 < 11
(iv) the greatest value of A  B.  2x < 11 + 5
Sol.  2x < 16
16
 x
2
 x<8 ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii)

4<x<8
Board Paper Questions

    7 8 9
1. Solve the following inequation, and graph
B = {x – 11  3x – 2  10, x  R} the solution set, on the number line :
x – 11  3x – 2 2 x  3  x  2  3x  5, x  R. [1998]
 – 11 + 2  3x – x  – 9  2x Sol. 2x – 3 < x + 2  3x + 5, x  R
9 Now 2x – 3 < x + 2
  x ...(i)  2x – x < 2 + 3  x < 5 ...(i)
2
and x + 2  3x + 5
and 3x – 2  10  3x  10 + 2
2 – 5  3x – x  – 3  2x
12
 3x  12  x  3
3   x ...(ii)
2
 x4 ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
3
9  x5
 x4 2
2
1  3 
 4 x4 Solution set =  x :   x  5, x  R 
2  2 
 –
 

   –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5  –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2. Solve the inequation :
AB
5
   –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 12  1 x  5  3x, x  R.
6
Represent the solution on a number line.
10. Find the values of x, which satisfy the
[1999]
inequation.
5
5 1 4x 5 Sol. 12  1 x  5  3x, x  R
3    2 , x  I. 6
6 6 3 6
Graph the solution set on the number line. 11
 12  x  5  3x
6
23 1  8 x 17
Sol.   xI
6 6 6
11 18  11
8x < 24 1 – 17  8x  12  5  3x  x  7 x
6 6
x<3 –16  8x
7 76
–2  x  7 x  x
6 7
SS = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}

6x x6 {x : x  6, x R} a number line. [2003]

Sol. 2  2x – 3  5, x  R
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Now 2  2x – 3
 2 + 3  2x  5  2x
3. Solve the inequation :
5
3  3  2 x  9, x  R . Represent your   x  2.5  x ...(i)
2
solution on a number line. [2000]
and 2x – 3  5  2x  5 + 3
Sol. – 3  3 – 2x < 9, x  R
Now – 3  3 – 2x 8
 2x  8  x  x4 ...(ii)
 2x  3 + 3  2x  6 2
 x3 ...(i) From (i) and (ii)
and 3 – 2x < 9 2.5  x  4
3 – 9 < 2x  – 6  2x Solution set = {x : 2.5  x  4, x  R}
 –3<x ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
–3<x3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6. Given that x  I , solve the inequation and

–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
graph the solution on the number line :
{x : –3 < x 3, x R} x4 x
3  2 [2004]
4. Solve the following inequation, and graph 2 3
the solution on the number line :
x4 x
2 x  5  5 x  4  11, x  R [2002] Sol. 3   2
2 3
Sol. 2x – 5  5x + 4 < 11, x  R
x4 x 3x  12  2 x
Now 2x – 5  5x + 4 Now 3    3
 – 5 – 4  5x – 2x  – 9  3x 2 3 6
 –3x ...(i)  6 × 3  5x – 12  18 + 12  5x
and 5x + 4 < 11 30
 30  5x x
 5x < 11 – 4 5
 5x < 7  6xx6 ...(i)
7 x4 x 5 x  12
 x and  2  2
5 2 3 6
x < 1.4 ...(ii)  5x – 12  12  5x  12 + 12
From (i) and (ii)
24
 Solution set = {x : – 3  x < 1.4 x R}  5x  24  x 
5
 x  4.8  4.8  x ...(ii)
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 From (i) and (ii)
4.8  x  6
5. Solve 2  2 x  3  5, x  R and mark it on  x5

 x = {5, 6} –1x<5
 x = {x : –1  x < 5, x R}
     5 6
 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7. A = {x : 11x – 5 > 7x + 3, x  R} and
B = {x : 18x – 9  15 + 12x, x  R}. 9. Solve the following inequation and graph
Find the range of set A  B and represent it the solution on the number line
on a number line. [2005] 2 1 1
Sol. A = {x : 11x – 5 > 7x + 3, x  R} and 2  x   3 ; x R [2007]
3 3 3
B = {x : 18x – 9  15 + 12x, x  R}
A = 11x – 5 > 7x + 3 2 1 1
Sol. 2  x 3 , xR
 11x – 7x > 3 + 5 3 3 3
 4x > 8 2 1
Now 2  x
8 3 3
 x x>2 ...(i)
4 2 1
B = 18x – 9  15 + 12x  2  x –3x ...(i)
3 3
 18x – 12x  15 + 9
1 1 1 1
24 and x  3  x3 
 6x  24  x  3 3 3 3
6
 x<3 ...(i)
 x4 ...(ii) From (i) and (ii)
From (i) and (ii) –3x<3
 AB=x4  Solution set = {x : – 3  x < 3, x  R}
 x = {x : x  4, x R}
     5 6    –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
8. Given that x  R, solve the following 10. Solve the given inequation and graph the
inequality and graph the solution on the solution on the number line :
number line :
2 y  3  y  1  4 y  7 ; y  R. [2008]
– 1  3 + 4x < 23. [2006]
Sol. 2y – 3 < y + 1  4y + 7, y  R
Sol. – 1  3 + 4x < 23
Now 2y – 3 < y + 1
Now – 1  3 + 4x
2y – y < 1 + 3  y < 4 ...(i)
 – 1 – 3  4x  – 4  4x
and y + 1 < 4y + 7  1 – 7 < 4y – y
4  – 6 < 3y
  x –1x ...(i)
4 6
and 3 + 4x < 23  y –2<y ...(ii)
3
 4x < 23 – 3  4x < 20 From (i) and (ii)
20 –2<y<4
 x x<5 ...(ii)
4
From (i) and (ii)  –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5

11. Solve the following inequation and represent 7

the solution set on the number line :  5x < 7  x   x < 1.4 ...(ii)
5
1 2x 5 From (i) and (ii)
3     , x  R. [2010]
2 3 6 – 3  x < 1.4
1 2x 5  Solution set = {x : – 3  x < 1.4, x  I}
Sol. 3     , xR
= {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1} [ x  I]
2 3 6
1 2x 3  4 x    –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
Now 3     3 
2 3 6
13. Solve the following inequation, write the
– 3 × 6 < – 3 – 4x  – 18 + 3 < – 4x
solution set and represent it on the number
– 15 < – 4x  4x > 15 line :
15
 x ...(i) 
x x 1 1
 1  , x R [2013]
4 3 2 3 6
1 2x 5 x x 1 1
and    Sol.   1  , x  R
2 3 6 3 2 3 6
LCM of 2, 3, 6 = 6
x x 4 1
– 3 – 4x  5     
3 2 3 6
– 4x  5 + 3
– 4x  8 – 2x  3x – 8  1 [ LCM of 2, 3, 6 = 6]
and – 2x  3x – 8
8
x   – x  2 8
4  8  3x + 2x  8 < 5x  x
 x  –2 ...(ii) 5
From (i) and (ii)  1.6 < x ...(i)
and 3x – 8  1  3x  1 + 8
15
2  x  9
4  3x  9  x 
3
 Solution set   x : 2  x  , x  R   x3
15 ...(ii)
 4  From (i) and (ii)
1.6  x < 3, x  R
  –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 
12. Solve the following inequation and represent
the solution set on the number line :   2 3 4 5
2 x  5  5 x  4  11, where x  I [2011] 14. Find the values of x, which satisfy the
Sol. 2x – 5  5x + 4 < 11, x  I 5 1 2x
inequation 2    2, x  W.
Now 2x – 5  5x + 4 6 2 3
– 5 – 4  5x – 2x  – 9  3x Graph the solution set on the number line.
[2014]
9
  x –3x ...(i)
3 5 1 2x
Sol. 2    2, x  W
and 5x + 4 < 11  5x < 11 – 4 6 2 3
17 3  4 x 12  – 3x + 7x  15 – 21
 
6 6 6 6
 4x  – 6  x  
–17 < 3 – 4x 3 – 4x  12 4
4x < 20 –9  4x 3
 x
9 2
x<5   x
4  x  –1.5  –1.5  x ...(i)
1 x 1
2 x and 15  7 x 
4 3
 Solution set = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}  45 – 21x > x + 1
45 – 1 > x + 21x
 44 > 22x
44
 x
15. Solve the following inequation and write 22
the solution set :  2>x
x 1  x<2 ...(ii)
3 ( x  7)  15  7 x  , x R From (i) and (ii)
3
– 1.5 < x < 2
Represent the solution on a real number  Solution set = {x : – 1.5 < x < 2, x  R}
line. [2016] 1.5
x 1 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
Sol. – 3 (x – 7)  15 – 7x > , x R
3
Now – 3 (x – 7)  15 – 7x
 – 3x + 21  15 – 7x

Exercise 5A (iii) 3x2 – 41x + 60 = 0

1. Solve the following equations by 3x2 – 36x – 5x + 60 = 0
factorisation : 3x(x – 12) – 5(x – 12) = 0
(i) x2 – 6x – 40 = 0 (3x – 5) (x – 12) = 0
(ii) x2 + 16x – 132 = 0
5
(iii) 3x2 – 41x + 60 = 0 x= or 12
3
(iv) 6x2 + 13x – 5 = 0
(iv) 6x2 + 13x – 5 = 0
(v) 7x2 – 9x – 90 = 0
 6x2 + 15x – 2x – 5 = 0
(vi) 3x2 – 14x + 15 = 0
Sol. (i) x2 – 6x – 40 = 0  6  (5)  30
 x2 – 10x + 4x – 40 = 0 
  30  15  (2)
 13  15  2
  40  10  4 

  6  10  4  3x (2x + 5) – 1 (2x + 5) = 0
 x (x – 10) + 4 (x – 10) = 0  (2x + 5) (3x – 1) = 0
 (x – 10) (x + 4) = 0 Either 2x + 5 = 0, then 2x = – 5
Either x – 10 = 0 then x = 10 5
 x
or x + 4 = 0, then x = – 4 2
 x = 10, – 4
1
(ii) x2 + 16x – 132 = 0 or 3x – 1 = 0, then 3x = 1  x 
3
 x2 + 22x – 6x – 132 = 0
5 1
  132  22  ( 6)  x ,
 2 3
 16  22  6 2
(v) 7x – 9x – 90 = 0
 x (x + 22) – 6 (x + 22) = 0  7x2 – 30x + 21x – 90 = 0
 (x + 22) (x – 6) = 0
Either x + 22 = 0, then x = – 22   90  7  630

or x – 6 = 0, then x = 6   630  30  21
   9  30  21
x = – 22, 6 
 x (7x – 30) + 3 (7x – 30) = 0 13

 (7x – 30) (x + 3) = 0 or 3x – 13 = 0 then 3x = 13  x 
3
30
Either 7x – 30 = 0 then 7x = 30  x  13 13
7  x  ,
3 3
or x + 3 = 0, then x = – 3
(ii) x  27 = x – 3
30
 x  , 3 Squaring both sides
7
x + 27 = (x – 3)2
(vi) 3x2 – 14x + 15 = 0
 x + 27 = x2 – 6x + 9
 3x2 – 9x – 5x + 15 = 0
x2 – 6x + 9 – x – 27 = 0
 3  15  45  x2 – 7x – 18 = 0

 45  9  (5)   18  2  ( 9)
  14  9  5 
  7  29
 3x (x – 3) – 5 (x – 3) = 0  x2 + 2x – 9x – 18 = 0
 (x – 3) (3x – 5) = 0  x (x – 2) – 9 (x + 2) = 0
Either x – 3 = 0 then x = 3  (x + 2) (x – 9) = 0
5 Either x + 2 = 0, then x = – 2
or 3x – 5 = 0 then 3x = 5  x  or x – 9 = 0, then x = 9
3
 x = 9, – 2
5
 x  3, (iii) 3 x  52  x  4
3
2. Solve for x : 3x + 52 = (x + 4)2
0 = x2 + 8x + 16 – 3x – 52
(i) 9 x 2  25  12 x2 + 5x – 36 = 0
(x + 9) (x – 4) = 0
(ii) x  27  x  3
x = 4 or – 9
(iii) 3 x  52  x  4  x=4
Sol. (i) 9 x 2  25 = 12 –9 not possible because
Squaring both sides, LHS = 3  9  52  52  27  25 = 5
2
( 9 x 2  25)2 = 12 but RHS = x + 4 = –9 + 4 = –5
9x2 – 25 = 144 Remember sign gives only + ve root.
 9x2 – 144 – 25 = 0 3. Solve for a :
 9x2 – 169 = 0
 (3x)2 – (13)2 = 0 (i) (a  1)2  3 (a  1)  10
 (3x + 13) (3x – 13) = 0
Either 3x + 13 = 0, then 3x = – 13 (ii) 2 (a  2) 2  5 (a  2)  12
13 (iii) 5 (a  3)2  2 (a  3)  24
 x
3

(iv) 3 (a  1) 2  4 ( a  1)  15 3 7
 a  2
2 2
(v) 7a  32  9( a  3)  10
7
Hence a  2, 
 
2
(vi) x 2  3x  2( x 2  3x)  8  0
2
2
(iii) 5 (a – 3) – 2 (a – 3) = 24
Sol. (i) (a + 1)2 + 3 (a + 1) = 10
Let a – 3 = x, then
Let a + 1 = x, then
5x2 – 2x – 24 = 0
x2 + 3x – 10 = 0  5x2 + 10x – 12x – 24 = 0
 x2 + 5x – 2x – 10 = 0  5x (x + 2) – 12 (x + 2) = 0
 (x + 2) (5x – 12) = 0
 10  5  (2)

 352  5  (24)  120

 x (x + 5) – 2 (x + 5) = 0   120  12  10
  2  12  10
 (x + 5) (x – 2) = 0 
Either x + 5 = 0, then x = – 5 Either x + 2 = 0 then x = – 2

or x – 2 = 0, then x = 2 12
or 5x – 12 = 0 then 5x = 12  x 
If x = – 5, then a + 1 = – 5 5
 a=–5–1=–6 If x = – 2, then a – 3 = – 2
If x = 2, then a + 1 = 2  a = 2 – 1 = 1  a=–2+3a=1
Hence a = – 6, 1 12 12
If x  then a  3 
(ii) 2 (a + 2)2 – 5 (a + 2) = 12 5 5
Let a + 2 = x, then 12 27
 a  3
2x2 – 5x – 12 = 0 5 5
 2x2 – 8x + 3x – 12 = 0 27
 a  1,
5
 2  (12)  24,
 (iv) 3 (a – 1)2 + 4 (a – 1) = 15
  24  8  3
 Let a – 1 = x, then
  5  8  3
3x2 + 4x – 15 = 0
 2x (x – 4) + 3 (x – 4) = 0  3x2 + 9x – 5x – 15 = 0
 (x – 4) (2x + 3) = 0  3x (x + 3) – 5 (x + 3) = 0
 (x + 3) (3x – 5) = 0
Either x – 4 = 0, then x = 4
3  3  (15)  45
or 2x + 3 = 0, then 2x = – 3,  x   
2   45  9  ( 5)
 4 95
If x = 4, then 
a+2=4a=4–2=2 Either x + 3 = 0, then x = – 3
3 3 5
If x   then a  2   or 3x – 5 = 0, then 3x = 5  x 
2 2 3
If x = – 3, then a – 1 = – 3 4x  8 8
 a=–3+1=–2 (iv)  0
x 3x  3
5
If x  , then 2 3 17
3 (v)  
x  1 x  2 6x
5 5 8
a 1  a  1 2 4 7
3 3 3 (vi)  
x x2 6
8
 x  , 2 x3 x2 1
3 (vii)  
x2 x 15
(v) 7(a + 3)2 – 9(a + 3) = 10
Let a+3=x x x5 1
(viii)  2
2
7x – 9x – 10 = 0 x5 x 6
7x2 – 14x + 5x – 10 = 0
x 3
7x (x – 2) + 5(x – 2) = 0 (ix) 6 5
3 x
(x – 2) (7x + 5) = 0
x 2
5 Sol. (i) 
x = 2 or  7 25  6x
7
By cross multiplication,
5 x (25 – 6x) = 2 × 7
a + 3 = 2 or a + 3 =
7  25x – 6x2 = 14
 – 6x2 + 25x – 14 = 0
26
a = –1 or a =  6x2 – 25x + 14 = 0
7
 6x2 – 21x – 4x + 14 = 0
(vi) (x2 + 3x)2 – 2(x2 + 3x) – 8 = 0  3x (2x – 7) – 2 (2x – 7) = 0
Let (x2 + 3x) = a  (2x – 7) (3x – 2) = 0
a2 – 2a – 8 = 0
 6  14  84
a2 – 4a + 2a – 8 = 0 
(a – 4) (a + 2) = 0  84  21  (4)
a=4 or a = –2 7
2 Either 2x – 7 = 0, then 2x = 7  x 
x + 3x – 4 = 0 x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 2
(x + 4) (x – 1) = 0 (x + 2) (x + 1) = 0 2
x = –4 or 1 x = –2 or –1 or 3x – 2 = 0 then 3x = 2  x 
3
4. Solve the following equations :
7 2
x 2 Hence x  ,
(i)  2 3
7 25  6 x
3 2x 3 3  x  1  2 x  x  1 13
 2 
(ii)
x 1 x 1 5
(ii)
 x  1  x  1 5
1 2 7 5(3x + 3 + 2x2 – 2x) = 13(x2 – 1)

(iii)  
x  1 x  3 4x 10x2 + 5x + 15 = 13x2 – 13

3x2 – 5x – 28 = 0  12x2 – 36x + 24 – 8x = 0

3x2 – 12x + 7x – 28 = 0  12x2 – 44x + 24 = 0
3x(x – 4) + 7(x – 4) = 0  3x2 – 11x + 6 = 0 (Dividing by 4)
(x – 4) (3x + 7) = 0  3x2 – 2x – 9x + 6 = 0
 x – (3x – 2) – 3 (3x – 2) = 0
7
x = 4 or   (3x – 2) (x – 3) = 0
3
1 2 7  3  6  18
  
(iii)
x 1 x  3 4x  18  ( 2)  (9)
  11  2  9

x  3  2x  2 7

( x  1) ( x  3) 4x 2
Either 3x – 2 = 0, then 3x = 2  x 
3
3x  5 7
 or x – 3 = 0, then x = 3
x2  4x  3 4x
By cross multiplication, 2
Hence x  3,
4x (3x + 5) = 7 (x2 + 4x + 3) 3
 12x2 + 20x = 7x2 + 28x + 21
2  x  2   3  x  1 17
 12x2 + 20x – 7x2 – 28x – 21 = 0 (v) 
 5x2 – 8x – 21 = 0  x  1  x  2  6x
 5x2 – 15x + 7x – 21 = 0 6x(2x + 4 + 3x + 3) = 17(x2 + 3x + 2)
 5x (x – 3) + 7 (x – 3) = 0 12x2 + 24x + 18x2 + 18x = 17x2 + 51x + 34
 (x – 3) (5x + 7) = 0 30x2 + 42x – 17x2 – 51x – 34 = 0
13x2 – 9x – 34 = 0
 5  (21)  105 13x2 – 26x + 17x – 34 = 0

  105  15  7 (13x + 17) (x – 2) = 0
  8  15  7
 17  13  34  442
x= or 2 
Either x – 3 = 0, then x = 3 13   4422  26  17
  9  26  17
7 2 4 7 
or 5x + 7 = 0, then 5x = – 7  x   (vi)  
5 x x2 6
7 2x  4  4x 7 6x  4 7
Hence x  3,    
5 x ( x  2) 6 x2  2x 6
4x  8 8 By cross multiplication,
(iv)  =0
x 3x  3 7 (x2 + 2x) = 6 (6x + 4)
4x  8 8  7x2 + 14x = 36x + 24
   7x2 + 14x – 36x – 24 = 0
x 3x  3
 7x2 – 22x – 24 = 0
(3x – 3) (4x – 8) = 8x  7x2 – 28x + 6x – 24 = 0
 12x2 – 24x – 12x + 24 = 8x  7x (x – 4) + 6 (x – 4) = 0
 (x – 4) (7x + 6) = 0
6a2 – 13a + 6 = 0
 24  7  168
 6a2 – 9a – 4a + 6 = 0
  168  28  6
 3a(2a – 3) –2(2a – 3) = 0
  22  28  6
(2a – 3) (3a – 2) = 0
3 2
6  a= or
2 3
or 7x + 6 = 0  7x = – 6  x  
7
x 3 x 2
6  or 
Hence x  4,  x5 2 x5 3
7
x3 x2 x 9 x 4
 
1  
(vii)
x2 x 15 x5 4 x5 9
4x = 9x – 45 9x = 4x – 20
x 2  3x  x 2  4 x  4 1 45 = 5x  5x = –20

( x  2) ( x) 15  x=9 x = –4
x4 1 x 3
  (ix) 6 5
x2  2x 15 3 x
15 (x – 4) = x2 – 2x x 3 1
Let  a, 
 15x – 60 = x2 – 2x 3 x a
 x2 – 2x – 15x + 60 = 0
 x2 – 17x + 60 = 0 6
a+ =5
 x2 – 12x – 5x + 60 = 0 a
a2 – 5a + 6 = 0
 60  12  (5)
 (a – 3) (a – 2) = 0  a = 3 or 2
 17  12  5
 x (x – 12) – 5 (x – 12) = 0 x x
 3 or 2
 (x – 12) (x – 5) = 0 3 3
Either x – 12 = 0 then x = 12 Squaring both sides,
x – 5 = 0, then x = 5  x = 27 or x = 12
Hence x = 5, 12 5. Solve for y :
x x5 1 (i) ( y  4) ( y  6)  15
(viii)  2
x5 x 6 (ii) ( y  4) ( y  2)  24
x x5 1 (iii) (3 y  5)2  16

Let a 
x5 x a
(iv) 5x  8x  4 5  0
1 13
a  Sol. (i) ( y  4) ( y  6)  15
a 6
y2 – 10y + 24 – 15 = 0
6(a2 + 1) = 13a
y2 – 10y + 9 = 0 2
(y – 9) (y – 1) = 0 x= or –2 5
5
y = 9 or 1
(ii) (y + 4) (y + 2) = 24 Exercise 5 (B)
 y2 + 2y + 4y + 8 – 24 = 0
1. Solve for x. Give your answer correct to 2
 y2 + 6y – 16 = 0 decimal places.
 y2 + 8y – 2y – 16 = 0 (i) x2 – 5x – 8 = 0
 16  8  (2) (ii) x2 – 9x – 12 = 0

 682 1
(iii) x  3
 y (y + 8) – 2 (y + 8) = 0 x
 (y + 8) (y – 2) = 0 2
Either y + 8 = 0, then y = – 8 (iv) 2 x  7
x
or y – 2 = 0, then y = 2
Hence y = 2, – 8 (v) 5x 2  3x  9
(iii) (3y + 5)2 = 16 (vi) x 2  7 x  10  0
9y2 + 30y + 25 – 16 = 0
9y2 + 30y + 9 = 0 (vii) 4 x 2  9 x  12 = 0
 9y2 + 3y + 27y + 9 = 0
(viii) x 2  11x  25  0
 9  9  81 Sol. (i) x2 – 5x – 8 = 0

 81= 3  27 Here a = 1, b = – 5, c = – 8
 30 = 3  27  D = b2 – 4ac = (– 5)2 – 4 × 1 × (– 8)

= 25 + 32 = 57
 3y (3y + 1) + 9 (3y + 1) = 0
 (3y + 1) (3y + 9) = 0 b  b 2  4ac  ( 5)  57
 x 
1 2a 2 1
Either 3y + 1 = 0, then 3y = – 1  y  
3
5  57 5  7.55
or 3y + 9 = 0, then 3y = – 9  
2 2
9
 y  3 5  7.55 5  7.55
3  x ,
2 2
1
Hence y   ,  3 12.55 2.55
3  ,
2 2
(iv) 5 x2 + 8x – 4 5 = 0 = 6.28, – 1.28
2
(ii) x – 9x – 12 = 0
5 x2 + 10x – 2x – 4 5 = 0
Here a = 1, b = – 9, c = – 12
   
5 x x  2 5 2 x  2 5 = 0 D = b2 – 4ac = (– 9)2 – 4 × 1 × (– 12)
= 81 + 48 = 129
 5 x  2  x  2 5  = 0
b  b 2  4ac 7  65
 x =
2a 4
( 65 from powers & factorial page)

( 9)  129 9  129
 
2 1 2 7  8.062 7  8.062 15.062 1.062
,  ,
4 4 4 4
9  11.36
 = 3.77, –0.27
2
(v) 5x2 – 3x = 9
9  11.36 9  11.36  5x2 – 3x – 9 = 0
 x  ,
2 2 Here a = 5, b = – 3, c = –9
 D = b2 – 4ac = (– 3)2 – 4 × 5 × (– 9)
20.36 2.36
 , = 9 + 180 = 189
2 2
= 10.18, – 1.18 b  b 2  4ac (9)  189
 x 
2a 25
1
(iii) x  = 3  x2 + 1 = 3x 9  13.75
x 
 x2 – 3x + 1 = 0 10
Here a = 1, b = – 3, c = 1 9  13.75 9  13.75
 x ,
D = b2 – 4ac = (– 3)2 – 4 × 1 × 1 10 10
=9–4=5 22.75 4.75
 ,
10 10
b  b 2  4ac (3)  5
 x  = 2.28, – 0.48
2a 2 1
(vi) x2 + 7x – 10 = 0
3  5 3  2.24 Here a = 1, b = 7, c = – 10
  D = b2 – 4ac = (7)2 – 4 × 1 × (– 10)
2 2
= 49 + 40 = 89
3  2.24 3  2.24
 x , b  b 2  4ac 7  89
2 2  x 
2a 2 1
5.24 0.76
 ,
2 2 7  89 7  9.43
 
= 2.62, 0.38 2 2
7  9.43 7  9.43
(iv) 2x –
2
=7  x  ,
x 2 2
2x2 – 2 = 7x 2.43 16.43

 ,
2x2 – 7x – 2 = 0 2 2
= 1.22, – 8.22
7  49  16 (vii) 4x2 – 9x – 12 = 0
x=
4 Here a = 4, b = – 9, c = – 12
 D = b2 – 4ac = (– 9)2 – 4 × 4 × (– 12) (ix) (x – 4)2 – 5x – 3 = 0

= 81 + 192 = 273 Sol. (i) x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
Here a = 1, b = – 4, c = 1
b  b 2  4ac (9)  273  D = b2 – 4ac = (– 4)2 – 4 × 1 × 1
 x 
2a 2 4 = 16 – 4 = 12
9  16.52 b  b2  4ac
  x
8 2a
9  16.52 9  16.52
x , ( 4)  12 4  3.464
8 8  
2 1 2
25.52 7.52
 ,  4  3.464 4  3.464
8 8  x  ,
2 2
= 3.19, – 0.94
(viii) x2
– 11x + 25 = 0 7.464 0.536
 ,
Here a = 1, b = – 11, c = 25 2 2
D = b2 – 4ac = (– 11)2 – 4 × 1 × 25 = 3.732, 0.268
2
(ii) x – 4x – 8 = 0
= 121 – 100 = 21
Here a = 1, b = – 4, c = – 8
b  b 2  4ac (11)  21 D = b2 – 4ac = (– 4)2 – 4 × 1 × (– 8)
 x  
2a 2 1 = 16 + 32 = 48
11  21 11  4.58 b  b 2  4ac
  x
2 2 2a
11  4.58 11  4.58  (  4)  48 4  6.928

 x ,  
2 2 2 1 2
15.58 6.42 4  6.928 4  6.928

 ,  x ,
2 2 2 2
= 7.79, 3.21 10.928 2.928
 ,
2. Solve and give your answer correct to 3 2 2
significant figures. = 5.464, – 1.464
(i) x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 [2003] (iii) x2 – 3x – 9 = 0
(ii) x2 – 4x – 8 = 0 Here a = 1, b = – 3, c = – 9
(iii) x2 – 3x – 9 = 0 D = b2 – 4ac = (– 3)2 – 4 × 1 × (– 9)
(iv) x2 – 5x – 10 = 0 [2005, 2013] = 9 + 36 = 45
1 b  b 2  4ac
(v) 2 x  7 [2006] x
x 2a
(vi) 4x2 – 7x + 2 = 0 [2009]
 ( 3)  45
(vii) 5x (x + 2) = 3 
2 1
(viii) (x – 1)2 – 3x + 4 = 0 [2011]

3  6.708 D = b2 – 4ac  (– 7)2 – 4 × 4 × 2

 = 49 – 32 = 17
2
3  6.708 3  6.708 b  b 2  4ac
 x  , x 
2 2 2a
9.708 3.708  ( 7)  17 7  4.123

 ,  =
2 2 24 8
= 4.854, – 1.854
7  4.123 7  4.123
(iv) x2 – 5x – 10 = 0  ,
8 8
Here a = 1, b = – 5, c = – 10
 D = b2 – 4ac = (– 5)2 – 4 × 1 × (– 10) 11.123 2.877
 ,
= 25 + 40 = 65 8 8
 1.39, 0.35 Ans.
b  b 2  4ac
 x (vii) 5x (x + 2) = 3
2a
 5x2 + 10x – 3 = 0
 ( 5)  65 Here a = 5, b = 10, c = – 3

2 1  D = b2 – 4ac
= (10)2 – 4 × 5 × (– 3)
5  8.062
 = 100 + 60 = 160
2
5  8.062 5  8.062 b  b 2  4ac
 x ,  x 
2 2 2a
13.062 3.062 10  160 10  12.649

 ,  
2 2 25 10
= 6.531, – 1.531
10  12.649 10  12.649
1  x  ,
10 10
(v) 2x – =7
x
2.649 22.649
2x2 – 7x – 1 = 0  , 
10 10
7  49  8 = 0.2649, – 2.2649
x= = 0.265, – 2.265
4
(viii) (x – 1)2 – 3x + 4 = 0
7  57 x2 – 2x + 1 – 3x + 4 = 0
=
4 x2 – 5x + 5 = 0
7  7.55 7  7.55 5  25  20
= ,
4 4 x=
2
= 3.64, – 0.138
(vi) 4x2 – 7x + 2 = 0 5  2.236 5  2.236
= ,
Here a = 4, b = – 7, c = 2 2 2

= 3.62, 1.38 D = b2 – 4ac = (– 30)2 – 4 × 1 × 225

(ix) (x – 4)2 – 5x – 3 = 0 = 900 – 900 = 0
x2 – 8x + 16 – 5x – 3 = 0  D=0
x2 – 13x + 13 = 0  Roots are real and equal.
(v) 5x2 – 8x – 12 = 0
13  169  52 Here a = 5, b = – 8, c = – 12
x=
2  D = b2 – 4ac = (– 8)2 – 4 × 5 × (– 12)
= 64 + 240 = 304
13  117 13  10.82 13  10.82 
=  , D > 0, then roots are irrational and unequal.
2 2 2
(vi) 3x2 – 18x + 27 = 0
23.82 2.18 D = b2 – 4ac
= ,
2 2 D = 182 – 4(3)(27)
= 11.9, 1.09 = 324 – 324 = 0
3. Find the nature of roots of the following  Roots are real and equal.
equations without solving : 4. Without solving the following equations,
(i) 3x2 – x – 14 = 0 find the value of p, for which the given
(ii) 2x2 – 3x + 9 = 0 equation has equal roots.
(iii) 3x2 – 9x + 5 = 0 (i) 4x2 + (p – 2) x + 1 = 0
(iv) x2 – 30x + 225 = 0 (ii) 9x2 + (p + 3) x + 1 = 0
(v) 5x2 – 8x – 12 = 0 (iii) (p – 3) x2 – 2 (p – 3) x + 2 = 0
(vi) 3x2 – 18x + 27 = 0 (iv) (p + 6) x2 + (p + 3) x + 1 = 0
Sol. (i) 3x2 – x – 14 = 0 (v) (p + 6) x2 + (p – 2) x + 1 = 0
b2 – 4ac = (–1)2 – 4(3)(–14) (vi) px2 – 4x + 2 = 0
Sol. (i) 4x2 + (p – 2)x + 1 = 0
= 1 + 168 = 169 = 132
b2 – 4ac = 0
It is a perfect square.  b2 = 4ac
 Roots are rational and unequal. (p – 2)2 = 4(4)(1)
(ii) 2x2 – 3x + 9 = 0 p2 – 4p + 4 – 16 = 0
Here a = 2, b = – 3, c = 9 p2 – 4p – 12 = 0
 D = b2 – 4ac = (– 3)2 – 4 × 2 × 9 (p – 6) (p + 2) = 0
= 9 – 72 = – 63 p = 6 or –2
 D is negative i.e. D < 0 (ii) 9x2 + (p + 3) x + 1 = 0
 The roots are not real Here a = 9, b = (p + 3), c = 1
i.e. roots are imaginary. D = b2 – 4ac = (p + 3)2 – 4 × 9 × 1
 (p + 3)2 – 36 = p2 + 6p + 9 – 36
(iii) 3x2 – 9x + 5 = 0
= p2 + 6p – 27
D = b2 – 4ac
 Roots are real and equal.
D = (–9)2 – 4(3) (5) p2 + 6p – 27 = 0
= 81 – 60 = 21  p2 + 9p – 3p – 27 = 0
 Roots are irrational and unequal.
 27  9  ( 3)
(iv) x2 – 30x + 225 = 0 
 693
Here a = 1, b = – 30, c = 225

 p (p + q) – 3 (p + 9) = 0  D = b2 – 4ac = (– 4)2 – 4 × p × 2
 (p + 9) (p – 3) = 0 = 16 – 8p
Either p + 9 = 0, then p = – 9  Roots are real and equal
or p – 3 = 0, then p = 3  D=0
 p = 3, – 9  16 – 8p = 0  8p = 16
(iii) (p – 3)x2 – 2(p – 3)x + 2 = 0 16
b2 = 4ac  p  2
8
[–2(p – 3)]2 = 4(p – 3) (2) Hence p = 2
(–2p + 6)2 = 8p – 24 5. Without solving the following equations,
4p2 – 24p + 36 – 8p + 24 = 0 find the value of k for which the given
4p2 – 32p + 60 = 0 equation has real roots.
p2 – 8p + 15 = 0 (i) kx2 – 5x + 1 = 0
(p – 5) (p – 3) = 0 (ii) x2 – kx + 9 = 0
p = 5 or 3 (iii) x2 – x – k = 0
3 is not possible.  p = 5 Sol. (i) kx2 – 5x + 1 = 0
(iv) (p + 6) x2 + (p + 3) x + 1 = 0 Here a = k, b = – 5, c = 1
Here a = p + 6, b = p + 3, c = 1  D = b2 – 4ac = (– 5)2 – 4 × k × 1
 D = b2 – 4ac = 25 – 4k
= (p + 3)2 – 4 × (p + 6) (1)  Roots are real.
= p2 + 6p + 9 – 4p – 24  D > 0  25 – 4k  0
= p2 + 2p – 15  25  4k  4k  25
 Roots are real and equal. 25 1
 D=0  k  k  6
4 4
 p2 + 2p – 15 = 0
(ii) x2 – kx + 9 = 0
 p2 + 5p – 3p – 15 = 0
If b2 – 4ac  0, then roots are real.
 15  5  (3)
 (–k)2 – 4(1)(9)  0
 253
k2  36
 p (p + 5) – 3 (p + 5) = 0 k  6 or k  –6
 (p + 5) (p – 3) = 0
(iii) x2 – x – k = 0
Either p + 5 = 0, then p = – 5
 = (–1)2 – 4(1) (–k)
or p – 3 = 0, then p = 3
1 + 4k  0
Hence p = 3, – 5
4k  –1
(v) (p + 6)x2 + (p – 2)x + 1 = 0
(p – 2)2 = 4(p + 6) (1) 1
k
p2 – 4p + 4 – 4p – 24 = 0 4
p2 – 8p – 20 = 0 6. (i) If x = 2 is one root of the equation
(p – 10) (p + 2) = 0 (k  3) x 2  kx  8  0, find the value of k.
 p = 10 or –2 Also, find the other root of the equation.
(vi) px2 – 4x + 2 = 0 (ii) If x = 4 is one root of
Here a = p, b = – 4, c = 2
and second number = 2x + 2

(k  2) x 2  (5k  2) x  4  0, find the value
According to the condition,
of k. Also, find the other root of the equation.
(2x)2 + (2x + 2)2 = 452
Sol. (i) x = 2 is one root of the equation (k – 3)
 4x2 + 4x2 + 8x + 4 = 452
x2 – kx – 8 = 0
 8x2 + 8x + 4 – 452 = 0
Substituting the value of x = 2 in the
 8x2 + 8x – 448 = 0
equation
Dividing by 8
(k – 3) (2)2 – k (2) – 8 = 0
x2 + x – 56 = 0
= 4 (k – 3) – 2k – 8 = 0  x2 + 8x – 7x – 56 = 0
 4k – 12 – 2k – 8 = 0
 56  8  ( 7)
 2k – 20 = 0  2k = 20 
 187
20
 k  10  x (x + 8) – 7 (x + 8) = 0
2
 (x + 8) (x – 7) = 0
8 8 8 Either x + 8 = 0, then x = – 8, but it is not
Product of roots   
possible or bring negative
k  3 10  3 7
or x – 7 = 0 then x = 7
 c
p   Numbers are 7 × 2, 7 × 2 + 2
 a
= 14, 16
One root = 2 2. The sum of two numbers is 9. Eighteen
8 8 1 4 times the sum of their reciprocals is also 9.
 Second root    2      Find the numbers.
7 7 2 7
Sol. Sum of two numbers = 9
(ii) If x = 4 is one root
Let first number = x
(k + 2) 42 – (5k + 2) 4 – 4 = 0
and second number = 9 – x
16k + 32 – 20k – 8 – 4 = 0
–4k = –20
1 1 
k=5 18    =9
 x 9  x
(5 + 2)x2 – (25 + 2)x – 4 = 0
7x2 – 27x – 4 = 0 9x x 9

7x2 – 28x + x – 4 = 0 x (9  x) 18
7x (x – 4) + 1(x – 4) = 0 9 1
  9x – x2 = 18
(7x + 1) (x – 4) = 0 9x  x 2 2
1  x – 9x + 18 = 0
2
x= or 4  x2 – 3x – 6x + 18 = 0
7
 18  3  (6)

Exercise 5 (C)  9  3  6
1. Find two consecutive positive even  x (x – 3) – 6 (x – 3) = 0
numbers, the sum of whose squares is 452.  (x – 3) (x – 6) = 0
Sol. Let first number = 2x Either x – 3 = 0, then x = 3

or x – 6 = 0, then x = 6 reversed. Find the number.

 Numbers are 3, (9 – 3) = 6 Sol. Let ten’s digit be x and units digit be y.
or 6, (9 – 6) = 3  No. = 10x + y and Product = xy = 24 ...(i)
Hence numbers are 3, 6 Reverse No. = 10y + x
3. The difference of squares of two numbers 10x + y – 18 = 10y + x
is 112. The square of the smaller is 9 times  9x – 9y = 18
the larger number. Find the numbers.  x–y=2
Sol. Let the smaller no. be x and bigger be y. y=x–2 ...(ii)
x2 = 9y
from (i) and (ii),
The difference of squares of 2 nos.
x(x – 2) = 24
= x2 – y2 = 112
x2 – 2x – 24 = 0
9y – y2 = 112
(x – 6) (x + 4) = 0
y2 – 9y + 112 = 0
(y – 16) (y + 7) = 0 24
x = 6, y = =4
y = 16 6
 x2 = 9  16  x = 12  The number = 64
The numbers are 12 and 16. 6. The sum of squares of three consecutive
4. The sum of squares of two numbers is 208. natural numbers is 434. Take the middle
The square of the larger number is 18 times number as x and frame an equation in x,
the smaller number. Find the numbers. and solve it to find the three numbers.
Sol. Let larger number = x Sol. Let the three consecutive natural numbers
and smaller number = y be x – 1, x and x + 1.
then x2 + y2 = 208 ...(i) Sum of their squares = (x – 1)2 + x2 + (x
and x2 = 18y + 1)2
From (i) 18y + y2 – 208 = 0 = 434
 y2 + 18y – 208 = 0 (x2 – 2x + 1) + x2 + (x2 + 2x + 1) = 434
3x2 + 2 – 434 = 0
 208  8  26 3x2 – 434 = 0

 18  8  26
3x2 – 432 = 0
y2 – 8y + 26y – 208 = 0 3(x2 – 144) = 0
 y (y – 8) + 26 (y – 8) = 0 3(x + 12) (x – 12) = 0
 (y – 8) (y + 26) = 0 x = 12
Either y – 8 = 0, then y = 8  The natural nos. are 11, 12 and 13.
or y + 26 = 0, then y = – 26
2
But it is not possible being negative. 7. A natural number is 2 more than its
3
 y=8
reciprocal. Find the number.
 x  18  8  144  12
1
 Numbers are 12, 8 Sol. Let the nos. be x  reciprocal =
x
5. A two-digit positive number is such that
the product of the digits is 24. If 18 is 1 2
subtracted from the number, the digits are x= +2
x 3
1 8 where x = 4, y = 2, then
x–  =0 x + 10y = 4 + 2 × 10 = 4 + 20 = 24
x 3
 Numbers can be 24 or 48
3x2 – 8x – 3 = 0
9. The numerator of a fraction is 2 less than
3x2 – 9x + x – 3 = 0
its denominator. If 3 is added to each of
3x(x – 3) + (x – 3) = 0 the numerator and the denominator, the
(x – 3) (3x + 1) = 0
1
x=3 fraction increases by . Find the
18
 The natural number = 3 fraction.
8. A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of
its digits and is 16 more than the product x2
Sol. Let the fraction be .
of its digits. Find the number. x
Sol. A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of
x  2  3 x 1
its digits and is 16 more than the product New fraction = 
of its digits. Find the number. x3 x3
Sol. Let units digit = x The fraction increases by 1/18.
and tens digit = y x2 1 x 1
Then number = x + 10y  
x 18 x  3
18 x  36  x x  1
x + 10y = 4 (x + y) 
18 x x3
x + 10y = 4x + 4y
(19x – 36) (x + 3) = 18x(x + 1)
 10y – 4y = 4x – x
19x2 – 36x + 57x – 108 = 18x2 + 18x
 6y = 3x  x = 2y ...(i)
x2 + 3x – 108 = 0
and x + 10y = xy + 16
 2y + 10y = 2y × y + 16 (x + 12) (x – 9) = 0
 12y = 2y2 + 16 x–9=0
 2y2 – 12y + 16 = 0 x = 9, x + 12 = 0
Dividing by 2 x = – 12 (not valid)
 y2 – 6y + 8 = 0 7
 y2 – 4y – 2y + 8 = 0  Fraction =
9
 8  2  (4)
 Exercise 5 (D)
 6  2  4
 y (y – 4) – 2 (y – 4) = 0 1. The perimeter of a rectangle is 60 cm. Take
 (y – 4) (y – 2) = 0 x as the breadth and express length in terms
Either y – 4 = 0 then y = 4 of x. If the area of the rectangle is 216 cm2,
find the value of x.
or y – 2 = 0, then y = 2
and x = 2y = 2 × 4 = 8 Sol. Let the breadth = x
or x = 2 × 2 = 4 Perimeter = 2(x + length) = 60
If x = 8, y = 4, then x + length = 30
number = x + 10y  Length = 30 – x
= 8 + 10 × 4 = 8 + 40 = 48 Area = x(30 – x) = 216

x2 – 30x + 216 = 0 4. A rectangular park has a jogger’s path of

x2 – 18x – 12x + 216 = 0 uniform width around it on the outside. If
(x – 18) (x – 12) = 0 the area of the path is 258 m2 and the
dimensions of the park are 21 m by 16 m,
Length = 12 cm, breadth = 18 cm
find the width of the path.
or L = 18 cm, b = 12 cm Sol.
2. The length of a verandah is 3 m more than
its breadth. The numerical value of its area
is equal to the numerical value of its 21m
perimeter. Find the dimensions of the
16m 16 + 2x m
verandah.
Sol. Length is 3 more than breadth.
If breadth = x, then length = x + 3 21 + 2x m
Area = Perimeter
Let the uniform width of the path be x
x(x + 3) = 2(x + x + 3) metres.
x2 + 3x = 4x + 6  Area of path = (21 + 2x)(16 + 2x) – 21 
x2 – x – 6 = 0 16
(x – 3)(x + 2) = 0 21  16 + 32x + 42x + 4x2 – 21  16 = 258
x=3 4x2 + 74x – 258 = 0
Dividing by 2.
 Breadth = 3m
2x2 + 37x – 129 = 0
and Length = 6m
2x2 – 6x + 43x – 129 = 0
3. The area of a hall is 288 m2. If the length
2x(x – 3) + 43(x – 3) = 0
were increased by 6 m and the breadth
decreased by 4 m, the area would be (x – 3) (2x + 43) = 0
unaltered, find the length of the room.  x=3
Sol. Let the length of room be x metres. Width of the path = 3m
5. The length of a rectangular garden is twice
288 the length of a square garden and its breadth
Breadth = metres.
x is 2 m less than that of the square. The
area of the rectangular garden is 21 m2 more
 288  than that of the square. Find the dimensions
(x + 6)   4 = 288
x  of the rectangle.
Sol. Let the length of square garden be x
 288  4x  metres.
(x + 6)   = 288
x
288x + 1728 – 4x2 – 24x = 288x x x–2
4x2 + 24x – 1728 = 0
2x
 x2 + 6x – 432 = 0 x
(x + 24)(x – 18) = 0 Length of rectangle = 2x
x = 18  length = 18 m Breadth = x – 2

Area of rectangle = 21 + Area of square Let one side be x cm.

2x(x – 2) = 21 + x2  Hypotenuse = x + 2 cm
2x2 – 4x – x2 – 21 = 0
3rd side = 40 – (x + x + 2) = 38 – 2x cm
x2 – 4x – 21 = 0
(x – 7)(x + 3) = 0 Using Pythagoras theorem,
 x=7 x2 + (38 – 2x)2 = (x + 2)2
Length = 14 m and breadth = 5 m
6. Bimal wishes to start a 200 m2 rectangular
garden. Since he has only 50 m barbed wire, x+ 2
he fences three sides of the garden letting
his house compound wall act as one of the
longer sides of the garden. Find the
dimensions of the garden.
x
Sol.
x2 + 1444 – 152x + 4x2 = x2 + 4x + 4
Wall
4x2 – 156x + 1440 = 0
200
x x2 – 39x + 360 = 0 (Dividingby 4)
x x2 – 24x – 15x + 360 = 0
Let the length be x metres. If x = 24 cm
200 hypotenuse = 26 cm, then
breadth = metres Other side = 38 – 2(24), not possible.
x
If x = 15 cm
400
Total length of 3 sides = x + = 50 hypotenuse = 17 cm
x
3rd side = 38 – 2 (15) = 8 cm
x2 – 50x + 400 = 0
8 cm, 15 cm, 17 cm are the sides.
(x – 40)(x – 10) = 0
If x = 40 m = length, 2. Three circles with centres A, B and C touch
externally each other. The radius of circle
200 with centre A is x cm, radius of circle with
breadth = =5m
40 centre B has radius 6 cm and with centre C
If length = x = 10 m has radius 20 cm. If BAC = 90°, frame
an equation in x and solve for it.
200
then breadh = = 20 m
10
Exercise 5 (E) B
A
1. If the perimeter of a right-angled triangle is

40 cm and its hypotenuse is 2 cm longer
than one side, find the lengths of the sides
C
of the triangle.
Sol. Perimeter = 40 cm

Sol. radii = x cm, 6 cm, 20 cm
P 12cm 25cm 7cm

R
6 B 12c
x m 7cm
A 90° 6 x x
x Q
20
20
Radius of circle with P as centre = 12 cm
C and 7 cm of circle with centre R
Radius of third circle = x cm
PQR = 90 ; PR = 25 cm
In right PQR,
 AB = x + 6 cm PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
BC = 20 + 6 = 26 cm (12 + x)2 + (x + 7)2 = (25)2
AC = x + 20 cm  144 + 24x + x2 + x2 + 14x + 49 = 625
 2x2 + 38x + 193 – 625 = 0
 (x + 6)2 + (x + 20)2 = 262
 2x2 + 38x – 432 = 0
x2 + 12x + 36 + x2 + 40x + 400 – 676 = 0
 x2 + 19x – 216 = 0 (Dividing by 2)
2x2 + 52x – 240 = 0 (Dividing by 2)  2
x + 27x – 8x – 216 = 0
x2 + 26x – 120 = 0
 216  27  ( 8)
x2 – 4x + 30x – 120 = 0 
 19  27  8
(x – 4) (x + 30) = 0
 x (x + 27) – 8 (x + 27) = 0
x = 4  sides are 10 cm, 24 cm, 26 cm
 (x + 27) (x – 8) = 0
3. PR = 25 cm. With P and R as centres, two Either x + 27 = 0, then x = – 27 which is
circles of radii 12 cm and 7 cm are drawn. A not possible being negative
third circle with centre Q and radius x cm is
or x – 8 = 0, then x = 8
drawn touching the first two circles externally
and PQR = 90°. Find the radius x.  x–8
4. A wire of length 72 cm is bent to form a
right-angled triangle of hypotenuse 30 cm.
Find the lengths of the other two sides.
P R Sol. Wire length = Perimeter of  = 72 cm
Hypotenuse = 30 cm
Q
30
42 – x
Sol. In the given figure,

PR = 25 cm, x

If one side = x cm OA2 + OB2 = AB2

2nd side = 72 – (30 + x) (2x)2 + [2 (x + 3)]2 = (30)2
= 42 – x cm 4x2 + 4 (x2 + 6x + 9) = 900
 x2 + (42 – x)2 = 302 4x2 + 4x2 + 24x + 36 – 900 = 0
x2 + 1764 – 84x + x2 – 900 = 0 8x2 + 24x – 864 = 0
2x2 – 84x + 864 = 0 (Dividing by 2)  x2 + 3x – 108 = 0 (Dividing by 8)
2
x – 42x + 432 = 0  x2 + 12x – 9x – 108 = 0
(x – 24) (x – 18) = 0  108  12  (9)

x = 18 or 24  3  12  9
 Other two sides are 18 and 24 cm.  x (x + 12) – 9 (x + 12) = 0
5. Cyclist A moves at a speed of x km/h from  (x + 12) (x – 9) = 0
a place in the eastern direction. Cyclist B
Either x + 12 = 0, then x = – 12 which is
moves at (x + 3) km/h from the same place
towards the northern direction. If after 2
hours the distance between them is 30 km, or x – 9 = 0 then x = 9
find the value of x.  speed of A cyclist = 9 km/h
Sol. Speed of A cyclist = x km/h and of second cyclist = 9 + 3 = 12 km/h
and speed of B cyclist = (x + 3) km/h  x = 9.
Exercise 5 (F)
N
1. A woman is six times as old as her son.
B Two years ago, the product of their ages
was 84. Find their present ages.
Sol.
Mother Son
30 km
1. Present ages 6x x
2(x + 2)
2 years ago 6x – 2 x–2
(6x – 2)(x – 2) = 84
2
6x – 2x – 12x + 4 – 84 = 0
W E 6x2 – 14x – 80 = 0
O 2x A 2
3x – 15x + 8x – 40 = 0
S 3x(x – 5) + 8(x – 5) = 0
(x – 5) (3x + 8) = 0
 Distance covered by A cyclist in 2 hours =  x=5
2 × x = 2x km Son = 5 years, mother = 30 years
and distance covered by B cyclist in two 2. The sum of ages of a mother and her
hours = 2 (x + 3) km daughter is 40 years’. Five years ago, the
= (2x + 6) km mother’s age was square of her daughter’s
But distance between them is now 30 km age. Find their present ages. By taking x
 By Pythagoras Theorem years as the daughter’s present age, frame
an equation in x and solve for x.

Sol. Sum of ages of a mother and her daughter Let age of daughter = x years
= 40 years then age of father = x2 years
Let age of daughter = x years Present age of daughter = x + 4 years
then age of mother = (40 – x) years and age of father = x2 + 4 years
5 years ago, 9 years hence,
Age of daughter = (x – 5) years age of daughter = x + 4 + 9 = x + 13 years
and age of mother = (40 – x – 5) = (35 – x) and age of father = x2 + 4 + 9
years = x2 + 13 years
According to the condition, According to the condition,
(x – 5)2 = (35 – x) x2 + 13 = 3 (x + 13) + 2
 x2 – 10x + 25 = 35 – x  x2 + 13 = 3x + 39 + 2
 x2 – 10x + x + 25 – 35 = 0  x2 – 3x + 13 – 39 – 2 = 0
 x2 – 9x – 10 = 0  x2 – 3x – 28 = 0
 x2 – 10x + x – 10 = 0  x2 – 7x + 4x – 28 = 0
 x (x – 10) + 1 (x – 10) = 0
 28  7  4
 (x – 10) (x + 1) = 0 
  3  7  4
or x + 1 = 0, then x = – 1, which is not  x (x – 7) + 4 (x – 7) = 0
possible as it is negative.  (x – 7) (x + 4) = 0
 Age of daughter = 10 years Either x – 7 = 0, then x = 7
and age of mother = 40 – 10 = 30 years or x + 4 = 0, then x – 4 which is not possible
3. Three years ago, a father’s age was square being negative.
of his son’s age. Six years hence, his age  x=7
will be thrice his son’s age. Find their  Present age of daughter = 7 + 4
present ages. = 11 years
Sol. and age of father = (7)2 + 4 = 49 + 4
Father Son = 53 years
3 years ago x 2 x 5. Ms S Rao has two sons. At present her age
Present ages 2
x +3 x+3 is equal to the sum of the squares of their
2
ages. Seventeen years hence, she will be
6 years hence x +9 x+9 twice her older son’s age. Find the present
x2 + 9 = 3(x + 9) ages of her sons if their age difference is 1
x2 – 3x – 27 + 9 = 0 year.
x2 – 3x – 18 = 0 Sol. Let the Son’s ages be x and x + 1 years.
(x – 6) (x + 3) = 0 x=6 Mother’s age = x2 + (x + 1)2
 Present age of son = 9 years = (2x2 + 2x + 1)
Present age of mother = 39 years. After 17 years,
4. Four years ago, a father’s age was square Mother age = 2 (Older son’s age)
of his daughter’s age. Nine years hence, 2x2 + 2x + 1 + 17 = 2(x + 1 + 17)
his age will be 2 more than thrice his
2x2 + 2x + 18 – 2x – 36 = 0
daughter’s age. Find their present ages.
Sol. 4 years ago, 2x2 – 18 = 0

2(x2 – 9) = 0 D 120
2(x – 3) (x + 3) = 0  Time (T)   hr
5 x
x = 3 years
In second case, speed = (x + 15) km/h
 Son’s ages = 3 and 4 years
Mother’s age = 25 years. 120
 Time (T)  hr
6. 10 years ago, Amina’s age was square of x  15
her sister’s age. Eleven years hence, she According to the question,
will be 6 years older than her sister. Find
their present ages. 120 120 40
 
Sol. 10 years ago, x x  15 60
Let age of sister = x years
1 1  2
and age of Amina = x2 years 120   
 x x  15  3
Present age of sister = (x + 10) years
and age of Amina = (x2 + 10) years
1 1 2 1 1
11 years hence,    
x x  15 3 120 60 180
age of sister will be = x + 10 + 11
= (x + 21) years x  15  x 1 15 1
and age of Amina = x2 + 10 + 11   2 
x ( x  15) 180 x  15 x 180
= (x2 + 21) years
According to the condition,  2700 = x2 + 15x
x2 + 21 = x + 21 + 6  x2 + 15x – 2700 = 0
 x2 + 21 – x – 21 – 6 = 0  x2 + 60x – 45x – 2700 = 0
 x2 – x – 6 = 0
 2700  60  (45)
 x2 – 3x + 2x – 6 = 0 
 15  60  45
 x (x – 3) + 2 (x – 3) = 0
 (x – 3) (x + 2) = 0  x (x + 60) – 45 (x + 60) = 0
Either x – 3 = 0, then x = 3  (x + 60) (x – 45) = 0
 x + 2 = 0, then x = – 2 which is not possible Either x + 60 = 0, then x = – 60 which is
being negative not possible being negative.
 x=3 or x – 45 = 0 then x = 45
 Present age of her sister = x + 10  Original speed of the train = 45 km/hr
= 3 + 10 = 13 years
2. A motorist leaves his home at 8 a.m. to a
and age of Amina = x2 + 10 = (3)2 + 10 place 90 km away. If he drives at an average
= 9 + 10 = 19 years speed of (x - 5) km/h, he will be 15 minutes
late for his appointment. If driving at (x +
Exercise 5 (G)
10) km/h, he will be 15 minutes too early.
1. A train covers 120 km at a uniform speed. Find the value of x and the time fixed for
If its speed had been increased by 15 km/ the appointment.
h, it would have covered the distance in 40 Sol. Difference in time = 15 + 15 = 30 minutes
minutes less. Find the original speed.
90 90 30
Sol. Distance (d) = 120 km  
x  5 x  10 60
Let original speed in first case = x km/h
90  x  10  90  x  5 1 1

1

8
 (Dividing by 3)
 x  5  x  10 2 x x  10 60
2(900 + 450) = (x + 10) (x – 5) x  10  x 2


x2 + 5x – 50 – 2700 = 0 x 2  10 x 15
x2 + 5x – 2750 = 0 10  15
 x 2  10 x
(x + 55) (x – 50) = 0 2
x = 50 x2 + 10x – 75 = 0
90 90 (x + 15) (x – 5) = 0
 =2 x = 5 km/h = walking speeds.
x  5 45
5. The distance by road between two places
 If he reaches at 8 + 2 = 10 am
A and B is 240 km and by rail is 200 km.
He will be 15 minutes late. The speed of a train is 10 km/h more than
 9 : 45 AM. a car’s speed and thus it takes 2 hours less
3. A plane flies a distance of 1600 km at a than the car to travel the distance from A to
certain speed. On the return journey, due B. Find the speed of the train.
to bad weather, as the speed was reduced Sol.
by 40 km/h it took 1 hour 20 minutes more Distance Speed Time
than the onward journey. Find the speed of
240
the onward journey. Road 240 km x km/h h
x
1600 1600 1
Sol.  1 200
x  40 x 3 Train 200 km (x + 10) km/h h
x  10
1600 x  1600 x  64000 4 Difference in time = 2 hours

x 2  40 x 3
240 200
 =2
192000 x x  10
 x 2  40 x
4 120 100
  1
x2 – 40x – 48000 = 0 x x  10
(x – 240) (x + 200) = 0 120(x + 10) – 100x = x2 + 10x
x = 240 km/h = Onward journey speed 20x + 1200 = x2 + 10x
4. A boy takes 24 minutes less by cycling to x2 – 10x – 1200 = 0
school than when he walks. The distance  (x – 40) (x + 30) = 0
between his school and residence is 3 km.
If he cycles 10 km/h faster than he walks, x = 40 km/h = car’s speed
find his walking speed. Train’s speed = 50 km/h.
Sol. Let walking speed be x km/h. 6. A plane travels a distance of 1200 km at a
certain speed. But on the return trip its
 Cycling speed = (x + 10) km/h speed was increased by 80 km/h and hence
3 3 24 it took 30 minutes less than the onward
  journey. Find the original speed.
x x  10 60
Sol. Distance = 1200 km Sol. Let the cycling speed in still air be x km/h.
Let the original speed of the plane = x km D S T
D 1200 8
 Time   hrs
S x with wind 8 km (x + 6)km/h x  6 hours
On the return of the plane,
speed = (x + 80) km/h 8
against wind 8 km (x – 6)km/h x  6 hours
1200
 Time  hrs
x  80 1
Total time = 2 hours
According to the question, 2
1200 1200 30 8 8 5
   
x x  80 60 x6 x6 2
1 1  1 5 2
 1200     8x – 48 + 8x + 48 = (x – 36)
 x x  80  2 2
32x = 5x2 – 180
1 1 1 1 1
     5x2 – 32x – 180 = 0
x x  80 2 1200 2400
5x2 – 50x + 18x – 180 = 0
x  80  x 1 5x(x – 10) + 18(x – 10) = 0

x ( x  80) 2400 (x – 10) (5x + 18) = 0
 x = 10 km/h
80 1
  8. The speed of a boat in still water is 9 km/h.
x  80 x 2400
2
It goes 15 km downstream and returns
 x2 + 80x = 192000 moving upstream in 3 hours 45 minutes.
 x2 + 80x – 192000 = 0 Find the speed of the stream.
 x2 + 480x – 400x – 192000 = 0 Sol. Speed of boat in still water = 9 km/hr
 192000  480  (400) Distance = 15 km
 Let speed of stream = x km/hr
 80  480  400
 Downstream speed = (9 + x) km/hr
 x (x + 480) – 400 (x + 480) = 0 and upstream speed = (9 – x) km/hr
 (x + 480) (x – 400) = 0 According to the question,
Either x  480 = 0, then x = – 480 which is
not possible being negative 15 15 45 3
 3 3
or x – 400 = 0, then x = 400 9 x 9 x 60 4
 Original speed of the plane = 400 km/hr
 1 1  15
7. A boy cycles to his friend’s house, 8 km 15    
9 x 9 x 4
away, against the wind which blows at
6 km/h. After some time he returns and notes 1 1 15
that the double trip took him 2 hours 30  
9 x 9 x 4  15
minutes. Find the boy’s cycling speed in
still air if on the return trip he cycles with 9 x9 x 15

the wind. (9  x) (9  x) 60

18 15  Difference of time = 30 + 15 = 45 min

 
81  x 2 60

3
hr
2
15 (81 – x ) = 1080 4
1215 – 15x2 = 1080 Now according to the question,
15x2 = 1215 – 1080 = 135 90 90 3
 
135 x x  20 4
 x2  = 9 = (± 3)2
15
1 1  3
 x = 3 or x = – 3 which is not possible being  90    
 x x  20  4
netative
 Speed of stream = 3 km/hr 1 1 3
1
1
9. In a Marathon race, Sudhir ran 48 km at an    
x x  20 4  90 30 120
average speed of x km/h and Madhav ran
the race 3 km/h faster than Sudhir and x  20  x 1
finished the race 32 minutes before Sudhir. 
x ( x  20) 120
Solve for x.
48 48 32 20 1
   
Sol. x2 20 x 120
x x  3 60
 x + 20x = 2400
2
3 3 2  x2 + 20x – 2400 = 0
  ( by 16)
x x  3 60  x2 + 60x – 40x – 2400 = 0
3x  9  3x 1  2400  60  ( 40)
 
x 2  3x 30  20  60  40
270 = x2 + 3x  x (x + 60) – 40 (x + 60) = 0
(x + 18) (x – 15) = 0  (x + 60) (x – 40) = 0
 x = 15 Either x + 60 = 0 then x = – 60 which is not
10. A passenger train leaves a station at 6 a.m. possible being negative.
followed by an express train which leaves or x – 40 = 0 then x = 40
at 6:30 a.m and travels 20 km/h faster than  Speed of passenger train = 40 km/hr
the passenger train. The express train and speed of express train = 40 + 20
arrives at a station 90 km away, fifteen = 60 km/hr
minutes before the passenger train.
Calculate their speeds. Exercise 5 (H)
Sol. Distance = 90 km
1. A man bought some books for ` 1200.
Let the speed of passenger train = x km/hr
When the price of each rose by `30, he
then speed of express trains = (x + 20) km/ could buy 2 books less for ` 1200. Find
hr the original price of the book.
Passenger train starts at 6.00 am Sol. Let the original price be ` x.
and express train starts at 6.30 am
but express train reaches 15 min 1200 1200
 =2
earlier then passenger train x x  30

600(x + 30) – 600x = x2 + 30x ( by 2) or x – 60 = 0 then x = 60

x2 + 30x – 18000 = 0  Original price of pizza = ` 60
(x + 150) (x – 120) = 0 3. A person has ` 9600 for his daily expenses
x = 120 on a tour. If his tour exceeds by 4 days, he
must cut his daily expenses by ` 200. Take
 Original price of the book = ` 120
the number of days of his tour as x, frame
2. The total cost of some pizzas in a school an equation in x and solve it.
canteen was `3000. When the price of each
Sol. Daily expenses of a person = ` 9600
pizza was increased by ` 15, ten fewer
pizzas could be bought for the same cost Let number of days of tour = x
of ` 3000. Find the original price of each 9600
pizza. then daily expenses  `
x
Sol. Total cost of pizzas = ` 3000 Increase in days of tour = 4
Let cost of 1 pizza = ` x  total days = x + 4
3000
then number of pizzas  Now daily expenses  `
9600
x x4
In second case, According to the question,
cost of 1 pizza = ` (x + 15)
9600 9600
3000  = 200
Number of pizzas  x x4
x  15
According to the question, 1 1 
 9600    = 200
 x x  4
3000 3000
 = 10
x x  15 x4 x 12 00 1
 
1 1  x ( x  4) 48 96 00 48
3000    = 10
 x x  15 
4 1
 
 x  15  x   4x
x2 48
 3000   = 10  x2 + 4x = 192
 x ( x  15) 
 x2 + 4x – 192 = 0
15

10  x2 + 16x – 12x – 192 = 0

x2 15 x 300 0
 192  16  ( 12)
2
x + 15x = 4500 
 4  16  12
 x2 + 15x – 4500 = 0
 x2 + 75x – 60x – 4500 = 0  x (x + 16) – 12 (x + 16) = 0
 (x + 16) (x – 12) = 0
  4500  75  ( 60) Either x + 16 = 0, then x = – 16 which is

 15  75  60 not possible being negative
 x (x + 75) – 60 (x + 75) = 0 or x – 12 = 0, then x = 12
 (x + 75) (x – 60) = 0  Number of days of tour = 12 days
Either x + 75 = 0, then x = – 75 which is 4. 6400 notebooks were distributed among
not possible being negative. some children. Had there been 80 children

less, each would have received 4 more than he had paid for. He thus made a profit
books. Take the number of books received of ` 800 on the whole transaction. Frame
by each child as x, frame an equation in x an equation in x and solve for it.
and solve for it. Sol.
Sol. Total number of books = 6400 No. of Price of
Let number of books received by each child calculators each
=x Total price
6400
 Number of children  4800
x Buying ` 4800 x
x
In second case books received by each
child 5600
Selling ` 4800 + 800 x–2
=x+4 x2
6400 (C.P. + Profit)
 Number of children  SP of each – CP of each = ` 40
x4
According to the question, 5600 4800
 = 40
6400 6400 x2 x
 = 80
x x4 140 120
 = 1 ( by 40)
1 1  x2 x
 6400    = 80
 x x  4 140x – 120x + 240 = x(x – 2)
x2 – 22x – 240 = 0
0 18
1
x4x   x2 – 30x + 8x – 240 = 0
 x ( x  4) 640 0 80
80 x(x – 30) + 8(x – 30) = 0
(x – 30) (x + 8) = 0
4 1
   x = 30
x2 4x 80
 30 calculators were bought.
 x + 4x = 320
2
 x2 + 4x – 320 = 0 6. A man bought x chairs for ` 6000. He kept

one for his use and then sold the remaining,
 x2 + 20x – 16x – 320 = 0
each for ` 60 more than what he had paid
 320  20  (16) for. Thereby he made a profit of `1200 on

 4  20  16 the whole transaction. How many chairs
did he buy ?
 x (x + 20) – 16 (x + 20) = 0
Sol.
 (x + 20) (x – 16) = 0
not possible being negative No. of Price of
Total price
or x – 16 = 0, then x = 16 chairs each
 x = 16
5. x calculators were bought by a shopkeeper 6000
for ` 4800. Two were damaged. The Buying ` 6000 x `
x
remaining were sold each for ` 40 more

7200  x2 + 30x – 25x – 750 = 0

Selling ` 7200 x–1 `
x 1  750  30  ( 25)

 5  30  25
7200 6000
 = 60 = Profit on each
x 1 x  x (x + 30) – 25 (x + 30) = 0
 (x + 30) (x – 25) = 0
120 100 Either x + 30 = 0, then x = – 30 but it is not
 1 ( by 60)
x 1 x possible being negative
120x – 100x + 100 = x2 – x or x – 25 = 0 then x = 25
x2 – 21x – 100 = 0  Number of members = 25
(x – 25) (x + 4) = 0 8. For a total cost of ` 42,000, x number of
 x = 25 mobile phones were bought. But when the
price of each went up by ` 200, for the
 25 chairs were bought.
same amount now 5 less mobiles could be
7. Some members of a club decided to go for bought. Frame an equation in x and solve
a picnic and hired a bus for ` 6000. If 5 it. Also find the new price of the mobile.
more members had joined, it would have
Sol. Total cost = ` 42000
cost each one `40 less for the bus. How
many members went for the picnic ? Number of phones bought = x
Sol. Let number of members who went for 42000
 Price of each phone  `
picnic = x x
Charges of bus = ` 6000 In second case,
6000 Phones we bought = x – 5
 Share of each member 
x 42000
 Price of each phone 
In second case, number of members x5
=x+5 According to the question,
6000 42000 42000
 Share of each member   = 200
x5 x5 x
According to the question,
 1 1
6000 6400 42000    = 200
 = 40  x  5 x
x x5
xx5 200
1 1  
 6000    = 40 x ( x  5) 42000
 x x  5
5 1
0 141   x2 – 5x = 1050
x5 x    5x
x2 210
 600 0 150
x ( x  5)  x2 – 5x – 1050 = 0
150
 x2 – 35x + 30x – 1050 = 0
5 1
   x2 + 5x = 750  1050  35  30
 5 x 150
x2 
  5  35  30
 x2 + 5x – 750 = 0
 x (x – 35) + 30 (x – 35) = 0

 (x – 35) (x + 30) = 0 (ii) 3x2 – 30x + 75 = 0

Either x – 35 = 0, then x = 35 Sol.(i) 2x2 – 3x + 4 = 0
or x + 30 = 0, then x = – 30 which is not  = (–3)2 – 4(2) (4) = 9 – 32 < 0
possible being negative  Imaginary roots.
 Number of phones purchased = 35 (ii) 3x2 – 30x + 75 = 0
and new price of each mobile (phones)
b2 – 4ac = 900 – 4(3)(75) = 0
42000  Roots are real and equal.

30 3. Without solving the following equations,
= ` 1400 find the value of ‘p’ for which the equation
has real and equal roots.
Miscellaneous Exercise
(i) 25x2 – 2px + (p – 4) = 0
1. (i) 7x2 – 8x – 12 = 0 (ii) (p – 4) x2 + 2px + 18 = 0
(ii) 8(a + 2)2 + 18(a + 2) = 5 Sol. (i) 25x2 – 2px + (p – 4) = 0
Sol. 7x2 – 8x – 12 = 0 If roots are equal, then b2 = 4ac
7x2 – 14x + 6x – 12 = 0
(–2p)2 = 4(25) (p – 4)
 7  ( 12)  84 p2 – 25p + 100 = 0

  84  14  6
(p – 20) (p – 5) = 0   p = 20 or 5
  8  14  6
 (ii) (p – 4)x2 + 2px + 18 = 0
 7x (x – 2) + 6 (x – 2) = 0 4p2 = 4(p – 4)18
 (x – 2) (7x + 6) = 0
p2 – 18p + 72 = 0
(p – 12) (p – 6) = 0
6
or 7x + 6 = 0, then 7x = – 6  x    p = 6 or 12
7
4. Solve the following equations and give your
6 answer correct to 3 significant figures.
Hence x  2, 
7
1
2
(ii) 8(a + 2) + 18(a + 2) = 5 (i) x  2
5x
Let (a + 2) = x
(ii) (x – 3)2 + 3x – 15 = 0
8x2 + 18x – 5 = 0
8x2 + 20x – 2x – 5 = 0 1
Sol. (i) x  = 2  5x2 + 1 = 10x
4x (2x + 5) –1(2x + 5) = 0 5x
(2x + 5) (4x – 1) = 0  5x2 – 10x + 1 = 0
Here a = 5, b = – 10, c = 1
1 5  D = b2 – 4ac = (– 10)2 – 4 × 5 × 1
x= or =a+2
4 2 = 100 – 20 = 80
1 3 5 9
a = –2 + = –1 and a = –2 – = b  b 2  4ac  (10)  80
4 4 2 2 x  
2a 25
2. Find the nature of roots of the following
equations without solving. 10  16  5 10  4 5
 
(i) 2x2 – 3x + 4 = 0 10 10
10  4 5 10  4 (2.236) 24
 x   k   4
10 10 6
 The equations will be after substituting the
10  8.944 18.944
  = 1.8944 = 1.89 value of k in (i)
10 10 (– 4 + 2) x2 – (– 4) x + 6 = 0
10  4 5 10  4(2.236)  – 2x2 + 4x + 6 = 0
 x 
10 10  3  3  1
 x2 – 2x – 3 = 0 
10  8.944 1.056  2  3  1
  = 0.1056 = 0.106
10 10 x2 – 3x + x – 3 = 0
(ii) (x – 3)2 + 3x – 15 = 0 x (x – 3) + 1 (x – 3) = 0
 x2 – 6x + 9 + 3x – 15 = 0 (x – 3) (x + 1) = 0
 x2 – 3x – 6 = 0 Second root will be x + 1 = 0  x = – 1
Here a = 1, b = – 3, c = – 6 (k + 1) x2 – kx – 10 = 0 ...(i)
(ii)
D = b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4 × 1 × (– 6) x = 2 is one root
= 9 + 24 = 33  Substituting the value of x = 2
(k + 1) (2)2 – k (2) – 10 = 0
b  b 2  4ac  4 (k + 1) – 2k – 10 = 0
 x 
2a  4k + 4 – 2k – 10 = 0  2k – 6 = 0
3  5.744 6
( 3)  33  2k = 6  k  3
  2
2 1 2
Substituting the value of k in (i)
3  5.744 8.744
 x   = 4.372 (3 + 1) x2 – 3k – 10 = 0
2 2  4x2 – 3k – 10 = 0
3  5.44 2.44  4k2 – 8x + 5x – 10 = 0
or x   = – 1.22
2 2
 4  ( 10)  40
 x = 4.37, – 1.22 
  40  8  5
5. (i) Find the value of k for which x = 3 is a   3  8  5

solution of (k + 2) x2 – kx + 6 = 0. Also
find the other root of the equation. [2015]  4x (x – 2) + 5 (x – 2) = 0
(ii) If x = 2 is one root of the quadratic equation  (x – 2) (4x + 5) = 0
(k + l) x2 – kx – 10 = 0, find the value of k
5
and also the other root. 4x + 5 = 0 then x  
4
Sol. (i) (k + 2) x2 – kx + 6 = 0 ...(i)
x = 3 is one root 5
 Second root is x  
Substituting the value of x = 3 4
(k + 2) (3)2 – k (3) + 6 = 0 Solve the following by framing the
 9 (k + 2) – 3k + 6 = 0 equations.
 9k + 18 – 3k + 6 = 0 6. A boy is excited about his birthday which
 6k = – 18 – 6  6k = – 24 is approaching. He collects 1 leaf on the

first day of the month, 2 leaves on the  x (x + 48) – 40 (x – 48) = 0

second day and 3 leaves on the third day of  (x + 48) (x – 40) = 0
the month and so on. On his birthday, he Either x + 48 = 0, then x = – 48
finds that he has collected 210 leaves in all. But it is not possible being negative
On which day of the month is his birthday?
or x – 40 = 0, then x = 40
Sol. Let the date of birthday be x.
 Speed of passenger train = 40 km/h
x  x  1 8. A grocer bought some baskets of fruit for
1 + 2 + ...... + x = = 210 ` 1500. Five baskets of fruit were lost in
2
transit. He sold each of the rest for ` 10
x2 + x – 420 = 0 more than he paid for them and made
x2 + 21x – 20x – 420 = 0 neither profit nor loss. Find the number of
(x + 21) (x – 20) = 0 baskets of fruit bought.
x = 20  20th of the month Sol. Let x baskets of fruit be bought.
7. A passenger train takes 2 hours 30 minutes 1500 1500
more than an express train for a journey of  = 10
x5 x
600 km. The speed of the express train is 8
150x – 150(x – 5) = x2 – 5x
km/h more than the passenger train. Find
the speed of the passenger train. x2 – 5x – 750 = 0
Sol. Distance = 600 km (x – 30) (x + 25) = 0
Let the speed of passenger train = x km/hr  x = 30, (–25 invalid)
then speed of express train = (x + 8) km/hr 9. A man’s stride is x cm long and his wife’s
stride is 15 cm shorter. He covers 30 m in
600 10 steps less than his wife. Frame an
Time taken by passenger train  hr
x equation in x and solve it.
600 Sol. Man’s, stride = x cm
and by express train  Wife’s stride = (x – 15) cm
x8
According to the question, Distance = 30 m = 3000 cm
600 600 1 5 3000 3000

 2  No. of steps of each = ,
x x8 2 2 x x  15
3000 3000
1 1  5  = 10
600     x  15 x
 x x  8 2
(dividing by 10)
51 1 300x – 300x + 4500 = x2 – 15x
x8 x  
2  600 240 x2 – 15x – 4500 = 0
x ( x  8)
120 (x – 75) (x + 60) = 0
8 1  x = 75
  10. A two-digit positive number is such that
x2 8x 240
 x + 8x = 1920  x2 + 8x – 1920 = 0
2 the product of its digits is 18. If 27 is
 x2 + 48x – 40x – 1920 = 0 subtracted from it, the digits interchange
their places. Find the number.
 1920  48  (40) Sol. In a two digit number,

 8  48  40 product of two digits = 18

Let unit digit = x the time taken to cover the distance would
have been reduced by 5 hours. Write down
18
then tens digit  an equation in x and solve it to evaluate x.
x [1996]
18 Sol. Distance = 600 km
 Number  x  10  Speed of the trains = x km/hr
8
D 600
180  Time taken   hr
x S x
x
If speed be (x + 20) km/h
By interchanging the digits
600
18 then time taken  hr
unit digit  x  20
x According to the question,
and tens digit = x 600 600
(i)  =5
18 x x  20
 number   10x
x
1 1 
According to the condition  600    =5
 x x  20 
180 18
x  27   10x x  20  x 5 1
x x   
x ( x  x) 600 120
18 180
 10x  x = – 27 20 1
x x  
x 2  20 x 120
162  x2 + 20x = 2400
 9x  = 27
x  x2 + 20x – 2400 = 0
 9x2 – 162 = – 27x (ii) x2 + 60x – 40x – 2400 = 0
 9x2 + 27x – 162 = 0  x (x + 60) – 40 (x – 60) = 0
Dividing by 9.  (x + 60) (x – 40) = 0
 x2 + 3x – 18 = 0 Either x + 60 = 0, then x = – 60 which is
 x2 + 6x – 3x – 18 = 0 not possible being negative
 x (x + 6) – 3 (x + 6) = 0 or x – 40 = 0, then x = 40
 (x + 6) (x – 3) = 0  Speed of the train = 40 km/hr
Either x + 6 = 0, then x = – 6 which is not 2. Car A travels x km for every litre of petrol,
possible as it is negative while car B travels (x + 5) km for every
or x – 3 = 0, then x = 3 litre of petrol.
180 180 (i) Write down the number of litres of petrol
 Number  x   3 used by car A and car B in covering a
x 3
distance of 400 km.
= 3 + 60 = 63
(ii) If car A uses 4 litres of petrol more than
Board Paper Questions car B in covering the 400 km, write down
an equation in x and solve it to determine
1. A train covers a distance of 600 km at x the number of litres of petrol used by car B
km/h. Had the speed been (x + 20) km/h, for the journey. [1997]
Sol. Distance = 400 km (ii) The time taken by the train, to reach town
Car A travels x km per litre B, from A, in terms of x;
and car B travels (x + 5) km per litre (iii) If the train takes 2 hours less than the car,
to reach town B, obtain an equation in x,
400
(i) Number of litres used by car A  l and solve it.
x
(iv) Hence, find the speed of the train. [1998]
and number of litres used by car B Sol. Distance by road between two towns A and
400 B = 216 km
 l and distance by rail = 208 km
x5
(ii) According to the question, Speed of car = x km/hr
Speed of train = (x + 16) km/hr
400 400
 =4 (i) Time taken by car to reach B town
x x5
216
 hr
1 1  x
 400    =4
 x x  5 (ii) Time taken by train to reach B town
x5 x 208
4 1  hr
 x ( x  5)   x  16
400 100
(iii) According to the question,
5 1
  216 208
x2 5x 100  =2
x x  16
 x + 5x = 500
2  x2 + 5x – 500 = 0
 x2 + 25x – 20x – 500 = 0 216 ( x  16)  208 x
x ( x  16) =2
 500  25  (20)
  216x + 3456 – 208x = 2x (x + 16)
 5  25  20
 8x + 3456 = 2x2 + 32x
 x (x + 25) – 20 (x + 25) = 0
 2x2 + 32x – 8x – 3456 = 0
 (x + 25) (x – 20) = 0
 2x2 + 24x – 3456 = 0 (Dividing by 2)
 x2 + 12x – 1728 = 0
 x2 + 48x – 36x – 1728 = 0
or x – 20 = 0, then x = 20
 Number of litres by car A = 20  1728  48  ( 36)

Number of litres used by car B  12  48  36
400 400  x (x + 48) – 36 (x + 48) = 0
  = 16 litres
20  5 25  (x + 48) (x – 36) = 0
3. The distance by road between two towns Either x + 48 = 0, then x = – 48 which is
A and B, is 216 km, and by rail it is 208 not possible being negative
km. A car travels at a speed of x km/h and or x – 36 = 0 then x = 36
the train travels at a speed which is 16 km/ (iv)  Speed of car = 36 km/hr
h faster than the car. Calculate : and speed of train = 36 + 16 = 52 km/hr
(i) The time taken by the car to reach town B 4. A trader buys x articles for a total cost of
from A, in terms of x ; `600.

(i) Write down the cost of one article in terms 4800

of x. If the cost per article were ` 5 more, then bill of each person 
x4
the number of articles that can be bought
for ` 600 would be four less. According to the question,
(ii) Write down the equation in x for the above 4800 4800
situation and solve it to find x. [1999]  = 200
x x4
Sol. Number of articles = x
Total cost = ` 600 1 1 
 4800    = 200
600  x x  4
(i)  Cost of 1 article  `
x x4 x 200 1
 
x ( x  4) 4800 24
 600 
If cost will be   5  per article
 x  4 1
   x2 + 4x = 96
then number of articles (x – 4) x2 4x 24
 x2 + 4x – 96 = 0
 600 
Now, ( x  4)   5  = 600  x2 + 12x – 8x – 96 = 0
 x 
 96  12  (8)
2400 
 600  5 x   20  600  4  12  8
x
 x (x + 12) – 8 (x + 12) = 0
 5x2 – 2400 – 20x = 0 (Dividing by 5)
 (x + 12) (x – 8) = 0
 x – 4x – 480 = 0
2
 x2 – 24x + 20x – 480 = 0 Either x + 12 = 0, then x = – 12 which is

  480  24  20 or x – 8 = 0, then x = 8

  4  24  20  Number of people = 8
 x (x – 24) + 20 (x – 24) = 0 6. Solve for x and give your answers correct
 (x – 24) (x + 20) = 0 to 2 decimal places.
Either x – 24 = 0, then x = 24 x2 – 10x + 6 = 0 [2001]
or x + 20 = 0, then x = – 20 which is Sol. x2 – 10x + 6 = 0
impossible being negative Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0
 x = 24 a = 1, b = – 10, c = 6
5. The hotel bill for a number of people for b2 – 4ac = (– 10)2 – 4 × 1 × 6
overnight stay is ` 4800/- If there were 4 = 100 – 24 = 76
more, the bill each person had to pay would
have reduced by ` 200/-. Find the number b  b 2  4ac
of people staying overnight. [2000]  x 
2a
Sol. Amount of hostel bill = ` 4800
Let number of people = x  ( 10)  76

4800 2 1
 Share of each person  `
x
10  2 19
In second case, number of people = x + 4   5  19
2

= 5 ± 4.359 (ii) The number of seats in the auditorium after

 x = 5 + 4.36 = 9.36 re-arrangement. [2003]
4x = 5 – 4.36 = 0.64 Sol. No. of No. of seats Total no.
 x = 9.36 or 0.64 rows in each row of seats
7. An aeroplane travelled a distance of 400 km at Original x x x2
an average speed of x km/h. On the return Later 2x x – 10 2x(x – 10)
journey, the speed was increased by 40 km/h.
The total no. of increased by 300.
Write down an expression for the time taken
for : 2x(x – 10) – x2 = 300
(i) The onward journey; x2 – 20x – 300 = 0
(ii) The return journey. x2 – 30x + 10x – 300 = 0
If the return journey took 30 minutes less (x – 30) (x + 10) = 0
than the onward journey, write down an x = 30, (– 10 is not valid)
equation in x and find its value. [2002] (i) 30 rows originally
Sol. (ii) No. of seats in the second arrangement
Distance Speed Time = x2 + 300 = 900 + 300 = 1200
400 9. Solve the equation 3x2  x  7 = 0 and give
Onward 400 km x km/h h your answer correct to two decimal
x
places. (2003)
400 Sol. The given equation 3x  x  7 = 0
2
Return 400 km (x + 40) km/h h
x  40 a = 3, b =  1, c =  7
1  b  b 2  4ac
Diff. in time = 30 min = hour x=
2 2a
400 400 1
   1  1  4  3  7
2
x x  40 2 x=
23
400 x  16000  400 x 1
 1  1  84
x 2  40 x 2 x=
6
x2 + 40x – 32000 = 0
x2 + 200x – 160x – 32000 = 0 1  85
x=
(x + 200) (x – 160) = 0 6
x = 160 (–200 not valid)
1  9.219
8. In an auditorium, seats were arranged in x=
rows and columns. The number of rows 6
was equal to the number of seats in each
1  9.219 1  9.219
row. When the number of rows was x= and
doubled and the number of seats in each 6 6
row was reduced by 10, the total number
10.219  8.219
of seats increased by 300. Find : x= and
6 6
(i) The number of rows in the original
arrangement. x = 1.703 and  1.37 Ans.

10. P and Q are centres of circles of radius 9 or x – 6 = 0, then x = 6

cm and 2 cm respectively. PQ = 17 cm. R Hence x = 6
is the centre of a circle of radius x cm, 11. By increasing the speed of a car by 10 km/
which touches the above circles externally. h, the time of journey for a distance of 72
Given that PRQ = 90°, write an equation km is reduced by 36 minutes. Find the
in x and solve it. [2004] original speed of the car. [2005]
Sol. In the figure, Sol. Let original speed of a car = x km/hr
Distance = 72 km
D 72
 Time   hr
S x
R
 In second case,
x x speed of the car = (x + 10) km
9 cm
72
 time taken  hr
9 cm 2cm x  10
P 17cm Q According to the question,
3
72 72 36
 
x x  10 60 5
1 1  3
radii of two circles with centres P and Q  72    
 x x  10  5
are 9 cm and 2 cm.
The third circle with centre R and radius x 1
cm touches the two circles externals, such x  10  x  3  1  1
 x ( x  10) 5 72 120
that PRQ = 90º 24
Now in right PQR, PQ = 17 cm,
PR = 9 + x cm 10 1
 
QR = (2 + x) cm x 2  10 x 120
According to the pythagoras theorem,  x2 + 10x = 1200
PR2 + QR2 = PQ2  x2 + 10x – 1200 = 0
 (x + 9)2 + (x + 2)2 = (17)2  x2 + 40x – 30x – 1200 = 0
 x2 + 18x + 81 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 289
 1200  40  (30)
 2x2 + 22x + 85 – 289 = 0 
 2x2 + 22x – 204 = 0  10  40  30
 x2 + 11x – 102 = 0 (Dividing by 2)  x (x + 40) – 30 (x + 40) = 0
 x2 + 17x – 6x – 102 = 0 Either x + 40 = 0, then x = – 40 which is
 102  17  ( 6) not possible, being negative
 or x – 30 = 0, then x = 30
 11  17  6
 Original speed of the car = 30 km/hr
x (x + 17) – 6 (x + 17) = 0
 (x + 17) (x – 6) = 0 12. A shopkeeper buys a certain number of
Either x + 17 = 0 then x = – 17 which not books for `720. If the cost per book was
` 5 less, the number of books that could
possible being negative
be bought for ` 720 would be two more. (ii) The present age of the woman. [2007]
Taking the original cost of each book to be Sol.
` x, write an equation in x and solve it. Mother Son
[2006] 5 years ago x2 x
Sol. Original cost of each book = ` x 2
Present x +5 x+5
Total amount = ` 720 2
10 years hence x + 15 x + 15
720 x2 + 15 = 2(x + 15)
 Number of books purchased  `
x 2x2 – 2x – 15 = 0
In second case, cost of each book `(x – (x – 5) (x + 3) = 0
5)
x = 5, (–3 not possible)
720 Age of son 5 years ago = 5 years
then number of books 
x5 The present age of mother = 52 + 5
According to the question, = 25 + 5
720 720 = 30 years
 =2 14. Some students planned a picnic. The budget
x5 x
for the food was ` 480. As eight of them
 1 1 failed to join the party, the cost of the food
 720    =2
x 5 x for each member increased by ` 10. Find
how many students went for the picnic.
x x5 2 [2008]

x ( x  5) 720 Sol. Total budget for the food = ` 480
Let number of students = x
5 1
 480
 5x
x2 360  Share of each student  `
x
 x – 5x = 1800
2
In second case, number of students
 x2 – 5x – 1800 = 0 =x–8
 x2 – 45x + 40x – 1800 = 0
480
 Share of each student 
 1800   45  40 x 8

  5   45  40 According to the question,
 x (x – 45) + 40 (x – 45) = 0 480 480
 = 10
 (x – 45) (x + 40) = 0 x 8 x
 1 1
or x + 40 = 0 then x = – 40 which is not 480    = 10
 x 8 x
possible being negative.
 x = 45 x x8 10

 Original price of each book = ` 45 x ( x  8) 480
13. Five years ago, a woman’s age was the
8 1
square of her son’s age. Ten years hence    x2 – 8x = 384
her age will be twice that of her son’s age.  8x
x2 48
Find :  x2 – 8x – 384 = 0
(i) The age of the son five years ago  x2 – 24x + 16x – 384 = 0
 x2 – 60x + 48x – 2880 = 0

 384  24  16

  8  24  16  2880  60  48

 x (x – 24) + 16 (x – 24) = 0   12  60  48
 (x – 24) (x + 16) = 0  x (x – 60) + 48 (x – 60) = 0
Either x – 24 = 0, then x = 24  (x – 60) (x + 48) = 0
or x + 16 = 0, then x = – 16 but it is not Either x – 60 = 0, then x = 60
possible being negative or x + 48 = 0, then x = – 48 which is not
 x = 24 possible being negative
 Number of students who went to picnic = 24  x = 60
15. The speed of an express train is x km/h  Speed of express train = 60 km/hr.
and the speed of an ordinary train is 12 km/ 16. Without solving the following quadratic
h less than that of the express train. If the equation, find the value of ‘p’ for which
ordinary train takes one hour longer than the roots are equal. px2 – 4x + 3 = 0.
the express train to cover a distance of 240 [2010]
km, find the speed of the express train. 2
Sol. px – 4x + 3 = 0
[2009]
Comparing it with ax2 + bx + c = 0
Sol. Speed of express train = x km/hr
a = p, b = – 4, c = 3
and speed of an ordinary train = (x – 12)
km/hr D = b2 – 4ac = (– 4)2 – 4p × 3 = 16 – 12p
Distance to be covered = 240 km  Roots are equal
 D=0
240
 Time taken by express train  hr  16 – 12p = 0  12p = 16
x
16 4
and time taken by ordinary train  p  
12 3
240
 hr
x  12 4
Hence p 
According to the question, 3
17. ` 480 is divided equally among ‘x’ children.
240 240
 =1 If the number of children were 20 more than
x  12 x each would have got `12 less. Find ‘x’.
 1 1 [2011]
 240    =1 Sol. Total amount = ` 480
 x  12 x 
Number of children = x
x  x  12 1
 480
x ( x  12) 240  Each child’s share 
x
12 1 In second case,
 
x  12 x
2 240 Number of children = x + 20
 x2 – 12x = 2880 480
Now each child’s share 
 x2 – 12x – 2880 = 0 x  20


1 1  5
400    
480

480  x x  12  3
= 12
x x  20

x  12  x 5
1 1  
480    = 12 x ( x  12) 3  400
 x x  20  80
x  20  x 12 1
12  
  12 x
x2 240
x ( x  20) 480
 x + 12x = 2880
2
20 1  x2 + 12x – 2880 = 0
 
x2  20 x 40  208  60  (48)

 x2 + 20x = 800  12  60  48
 x2 + 20x – 800 = 0  x2 + 60x – 48x – 2880 = 0
 2
x + 40x – 20x – 800 = 0  x (x + 60) – 48 (x + 60) = 0
 (x + 60) (x – 48) = 0
 800  40  (20)
 Either x + 60 = 0, then x = – 60 which is
 20  40  20 not possible being negative
 x (x + 40) – 20 (x + 40) = 0 or x – 48 = 0 then x = 48
 (x + 40) (x – 20) = 0  Original speed of car = 48 km/hr
Either x + 40 = 0, then x = – 40 which is 19. Without solving the following quadratic
not possible being negative equation, find the value of ‘m’ for which
or x – 20 = 0, the given equation has real and equal roots.
then x = 20 x2 + 2 (m – 1) x + (m + 5) = 0. [2012]
Sol. x2 + 2(m – 1) x + (m + 5) = 0
 Number of children = 20
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0
18. A car covers a distance of 400 km at a
certain speed. Had the speed been 12 km/h a = 1, b = 2(m – 1), c = m + 5
more, the time taken for the journey would D = b2 – 4ac = 2(m – 1)2 – 4 × 1 × m + 5
have been 1 hour 40 minutes less. Find the = 4(m – 1)2 – 4(m + 5)
original speed of the car. [2012] = 4(m2 + 1 – 2m) – 4m – 20
Sol. Distance = 400 km = 4m2 + 4 – 8m – 4m – 20
Let the speed of the car = x km/hr = 4m2 – 12m – 16
 The roots are real and equal
D 400 
 Time   hr D=0
S x  4m2 – 12m – 16 = 0
In second case = speed = (x + 12) km/hr  4(m2 – 3m – 4) = 0
400  m2 – 4m + m – 4 = 0
 Time taken  hrs  m(m – 4) + 1(m – 4) = 0
x  12
 (m – 4) (m + 1) = 0
According to the question,
Either m – 4 = 0, then m = 4
400 400 40 5 or m + 1 = 0, then m = –1
 1 
x x  12 60 3 Hence m = 4, –1

20. Without solving the following quadratic x2 – 8x – 1920 = 0

equation, find the value of ‘p’ for which (x – 48) (x + 40) = 0
the given equation has real and equal roots:  x = 48 (–40 not valid)
x2 + (p – 3) x + p = 0. [2013] 22. A two digit positive number is such that
2
Sol. x + (p – 3) x + p = 0 the product of its digits is 6. If 9 is added
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0 to the number, the digits interchange their
a = 1, b = (p – 3), c = p places. Find the number. [2014]
D = b2 – 4ac = (p – 3)2 – 4 × 1 × p Sol. Product of digits = 6
= p2 – 6p + 9 – 4p Let ten’s digit be x
= p2 – 10p + 1 6
 The roots are real and equal Units digit =
x
 D=0
6
 p2 – 10p + 9 = 0 The number = 10x +
 p2 – p – 9p + 9 = 0 x
 p (p – 1) – 9 (p – 1) = 0 6
 (p – 1) (p – 9) = 0 Reverse no. = 10  +x
x
Either p – 1 = 0, then p = 1 No. + 9 = Reverse No.
or p – 9 = 0, then p = 9
6 60
Hence p = 9, 1 10x + +9= +x
x x
21. A shopkeeper purchases a certain number
of books for ` 960. If the cost per book 10 x 2  6  9 x 60  x 2
was ` 8 less, the number of books that 
x x
could be purchased for ` 960 would be 4 2
9x + 9x – 54 = 0
more. Write an equation, taking the original
cost of each book to be `x, and solve it to x2 + x – 6 = 0
find the original cost of the books. [2013] (x + 3) (x – 2) = 0
Sol. x = 2, 3 not possible
Total cost Cost per book No. of 6 6
book  Number = 10x + = (10  2) + = 23
x 2
960 23. Sum of two natural numbers is 8 and the
` 960 x
x 2
difference of their reciprocals is . Find
960 15
` 960 (x – 8) the numbers. [2015]
x8
Sol. Sum of 2 numbers = 8
4 more books can be bought.
Let the 2 numbers be x and 8 – x.
960 960
 =4 (Dividing by 4) 1 1 2
x8 x  
x 8  x 15
240 240
 =1 8 x x 2
x8 x 
x  8  x 15
240x – 240(x – 8) = x2 – 8x
240x – 240x + 1920 = x2 – 8x 120 = 2 (8x – x2)

x2 – 8x + 60 = 0 x2 – 50x + 30x – 1500 = 0

(x – 5) (x – 3) = 0 x (x – 50) + 30 (x – 50) = 0
x = 5 or 3
(x – 50) (x + 30) = 0
 The numbers are 5 and 3.
 x = 50 or x = –30 but x cannot be negative.
24. ` 7500 were divided equally among a
 Original number of children = 50 Ans.
certain number of children. Had there been
20 less children, each would have received 25 The product of two consecutive natural
` 100 more. Find the original number of numbers which are multiples of 3, is equal
children. to 810. Find the two numbers.
Sol. Let the no. of children be x. Sol. Let the two consecutive numbers that are
multiple of 3 be 3x and 3x + 3.
Amount = ` 7500
Given, Product of two consecutive
7500 numbers = 810
 Each child will gets =
x 3x(3x + 3) = 810
New number = x – 20 9x(x + 1) = 810
Amount = ` 7500 810
x(x + 1) =
9
7500
Each gets = x2 + x – 90 = 0
x  20
x2 + 10x – 9x – 90 = 0
7500 7500 x2(x + 10) – 9(x + 10) = 0
   100
x  20 x
(x + 10)(x – 9) = 0
7500 x  7500( x  20) If, x + 10 = 0  x = –10
 100
x( x  20) It is not natural number
7500x – 7500x + 150000 = 100 (x2 – 20x) If, x – 9 = 0  x = 9
 150000 = 100(x2 – 20x)  Numbers are 3x = 3 × 9 = 27
 x2 – 20x – 1500 = 0 and 3x + 3 = 3 × 9 + 3 = 30

Exercise 6 8 x  12 6

1. (i) Two numbers are in the ratio 4 : 5. If 4 is 9 x  12 7
added to each term, the ratio becomes By cross multiplication,
25 : 31. Find the original numbers. 7 (8x – 12) = 6 (9x – 12)
(ii) Two numbers are in the ratio 8 : 9. When 56x – 84 = 54x – 72
12 is subtracted from each term, the ratio  56x – 54x = – 72 + 84
becomes 6 : 7. Find the original numbers.  2x = 12
(iii) Ratio of two numbers is 8 : 13. If 14 is
added to each, the ratio becomes 2 : 3. Find 12
x  6
the numbers. 2
Sol. (i) Ratio in two numbers = 4 : 5  First number = 8x = 8 × 6 = 48
Let first number = 4x Second number = 9 × 6 = 54
and second = 5x  Numbers are 48, 54.
By adding 4 to each term, then (iii) Ratio in two numbers = 8 : 13
4x  4 25 Let first number = 8x
 and second number = 13x
5x  4 31
Adding 14 to each number
31 (4x + 4) = 25 (5x + 4) 8 x  14 2

124x + 124 = 125x + 100 13 x  14 3
 124 – 100 = 125x – 124x By cross multiplication,
 x = 24 2 (13x + 14) = 3 (8x + 14)
 First number = 4x = 4 × 24 = 96  26x + 28 = 24x + 42
and second number = 5x = 5 × 24 = 120  26x – 24x = 42 – 28
 Numbers are 96, 120. 2x = 14
(ii) Ratio in two numbers = 8 : 9 14
Let first number = 8x x  7
2
and second number = 9x
 First number = 8x = 8 × 7 = 56
Subtracting 12 from each
and second number = 13x = 13 × 7 = 91 6x = 6 × 100 = `600

 Number are 56, 91. 5x = 5 × 100 = `500
2. The ages of two people are in the ratio 4 : 5. 4. In an examination, the ratio of passes to
Sixteen years hence, the ratio of their ages will failures is 8 :1. If 10 less had appeared and
be 6 : 7. Find their present ages. 30 more had passed, the ratio would have
Sol. Ratio in the ages of two men = 4 : 5 been 15:1. How many students had
Let age of first man = 4x years appeared for the examination ?
and age of second man = 5x years Sol.
After 16 years, Pass Fail Total
Age of first man = 4x + 16 years Actual 8x x 9x
and age of second man = 5x + 16 years 9x – 10 –
According to the question, Assumed 8x + 30 (8x + 30) 9x – 10
4 x  16 6 = x – 40

5 x  16 7
Pass 8 x  30 15
By cross multiplication,  
Fail x  40 1
6 (5x + 16) = 7 (4x + 16)
 30x + 96 = 28x + 112
 30x – 28x = 112 – 96 8x + 30 = 15x – 600
630 = 7x
16
 2x = 16  x  8 x = 90
2
 9  90 = 810 had appeared for the exam.
 Present age of first man = 4x = 4 × 8 5. Find the mean proportion between :
= 32 years
(i) 2a3 and 50ab4
and age of second man = 5x = 5 × 8
= 40 years x 108 y 4
(ii) and
3. The ratio of monthly pocket money of A and B 3 y2 x
is 6 : 5 and the ratio of their expenditure is 11
: 9. If each saves `50, find their monthly pocket (iii) 46  10 and 46  10
money.
Sol. x y x2 y 2
(iv) x  y and 2
A B x  y2
Pocket Money 6x 5x Sol. (i) Mean proportion between
Savings 50 50 2a3 and 50ab4
Expenditure 6x – 50 5x – 50
 2a3  50ab 4  100a 4b 4
6 x  50 11 = 10a2b2

5 x  50 9 (ii) Mean proportion between
By cross multiplication, x 108y 4
9(6x – 50) = 11(5x – 50) 2 and
3y x
54x – 450 = 55x – 550
100 = x x  108 y 4
  36 y 4  2  36 y 2 = 6y
 A and B’s pocket money = (` 600, ` 500) 3 y2 x
(iii) Mean prop. 3rd prop. = x = ab

7. (i) If (2x – 1) is the third proportional to
=  46  10  46  10  (x – 1) and (x + 1), find the value of x.
(ii) If (x + 1) is the mean proportion between
= 46  10  36 = 6 (x – 3) and (x + 7), find the value of x.
Sol. (i) (2x – 1) is the thirs proportional to
 x  y  x2 y 2  (x – 1) and (x + 1)
(iv) Mean Prop. =
 x  y  x2  y 2  ( x  1) ( x  1)
 ( x  1)  (2 x  1)
 x  y x 2 y 2 
xy  (x + 1) (2x – 1) = (x + 1) (x + 1)
=
 x  y  x  y  x  y x y  2x2 – x – 2x + 1 = (x + 1)2
 2x2 – 3x + 1 = x2 + 2x + 1
 x2 – 5x = 0
6. Find the third proportional to :
 x(x – 5) = 0
(i) 8a3 and 12a2b2
 x–5=0
a b  x=5
(ii)  and a 2  b2
b a (ii) (x + 1) = Mean proportion
Sol. (i) Third proportion to (x – 3) (x + 7) = (x + 1)2
8a3 and 12a2b2 x2 + 4x – 21 = x2 + 2x + 1
= 8a3 : 12a2b2 : : 12a2b2 : x 2x = 22
 x = 11
(12a 2b 2 )2 144a 4b 4
 x    18ab 4 8.(i) What same number should be added to 2,
8a 3 8a 3 5, 10 and 19 so that the resulting numbers
are proportional ?
 a b
(ii) Let 3rd prop. of    and a2  b2 (ii) What same number should be subtracted
b a
from each of the four numbers 8,12,18 and
be x. 30 so that the remainders are in proportion?
a b (iii) Which number should be subtracted from
 a2  b2 each of 11, 23 and 53 in order that the
b a 
x remainders would be in continued
a2  b2 proportion ?
Sol. (i) Let x be added to each number
 a b
   x = a2 + b2 then 2 + x, 5 + x, 10 + x and 19 + x are
b a proportional.
 a 2  b2  2  x 10  x
 
 ab  x = a2 + b2 5  x 19  x
a 2
b   ab
2
(2 + x) (19 + x) = (10 + x) (5 + x)
x=
 a 2  b2  38 + 21x + x2 = 50 + 15x + x2
21x – 15x = 50 – 38
12 a b
6x = 12  x= 2 3rd prop. = 128  
6 b 128
 Required number = 2
b2
(ii) Let x be subtracted from each number,  a
128
then 8 – x, 12 – x, 18 – x and 30 – x are
Substituting this in (i), we get
proportional
8  x 18  x b2
  162 = b
12  x 30  x 128
By cross multiplication, b3 = 162  128 = 162  16  8 = 163  23
(8 – x) (30 – x) = (18 – x) (12 – x) b = 16  2 = 32
240 – 38x + x2 = 216 – 30x + x2 b 2 32  32
240 – 216 = – 30x + 38x and a =  =8
128 128
24 The two numbers are 8 and 32.
24 = 8x  x= 3
8 (ii) Mean proportion of a and b = 12
 Required number = 3   ab = 144 ...(i)
ab = 12
(iii) Let x be subtracted from each number
and third proportion of a and b = 96
then 11 – x, 23 – x and 53 – x are continued
a : b : : b : 96
proportion
 b2 = 96a ...(ii)
11  x 23  x
  144
23  x 53  x from (i), a =
b
By cross multiplication.
Substituting value of a in (ii)
(11 – x) (53 – x) = (23 – x)2
583 – 64x + x2 = 529 – 46x + x2 96  144
b2 =     b3 = 96 × 144
583 – 529 = –46x + 64x b
54 = 18x  b=2×2×2×2×2×3×3×3×2
× 2 × 2 × 2 = 29 × 33
54
x= 3 9 3
18
 b= 3 9
2  33  23  33
= 23 × 3 = 24
9. (i) Find two numbers whose mean
proportion is 16 and the third proportion is 144 144
 a=  6
128. b 24
(ii) Find two numbers a and b whose mean  a = 6, b = 24
proportion is 12 and their third proportional
10. If a, b, c, d are in proportion, prove that
is 96.
Sol. (i) Let the two nos. be a and b. 4 a  7b 4c  7 d
(i) 
Mean prop. = 16 4 a  7b 4c  7 d
a 16  a c 
    ab = 162  Hint. Use b  d  k 
16 b  
ac a a  c bk  dk k (b  d )
(ii)  LHS    =k
bd b bd bd (b  d )
3a 2  5c 2 a bk

a  k
(iii) b b b
3b 2  5d 2
 LHS = RHS
ab  cd a 2  c 2 3a 2  5c 2 3b 2 k 2  5d 2 k 2
(iv)  
ab  cd a 2  c2 (iii) LHS =
3b 2  5d 2 3b 2  5d 2
a 2  c2
ac
(v) b  d 
=

k 2 3b 2  5d 2  = k.
b2  d 2 3b  5d
2 2
a 2  ac  c 2 b2  bd  d 2 a
(vi)  RHS = =k  LHS = RHS
a 2  ac  c 2 b2  bd  d 2 b
ma  nb mc  nd

ab  cd bkb  dkd k b  d
 
2 2
 
(vii)
ma  nb mc  nd
where m  0 and (iv) LHS = ab  cd bkb  dkd
k b2  d 2  
n0.
b2  d 2
a, b, c and are in proportion, =
b2  d 2
a c
then =   k (suppose)
b d a2  c 2 b2k 2  d 2k 2
RHS = 
a = bk and c = dk. a2  c2 b2k 2  d 2k 2
Sol. (i)
4 a  7b

4c  7 d 
k 2 b2  d 2   b2  d 2
k 2 b 2  d 2  b2  d 2
4 a  7b 4c  7 d =
4  bk  7b  LHS = RHS
LHS 
4  bk  7b
ac a 2  c2
b (4k  7) 4k  7 (v) 
  bd b2  d 2
b (4k  7) 4k  7
a  c bk  dk k (b  d )
4c  7d 4dk  7d d (4k  7) LHS  b  d  b  d  (b  d ) = k
RHS   
4c  7 d 4dk  7 d d (4k  7)
a 2  c2 b2k 2  d 2k 2
4k  7 RHS  
 b2  d 2 b2  d 2
4k  7
 LHS = RHS
k b2  d 2
 =k
ac a
(ii)  b2  d 2
bd b
 LHS = RHS
a 2  ac  c 2 9a  4b 9c  4 d
(vi) LHS = 2  
a  ac  c 2 9a  4b 9c  4 d
(using alternendo)
b k  bkdk  d k
2 2 2 2
9a  4b  9a  4b
= 
b 2 k 2  bkdk  d 2 k 2 9a  4b  9a  4b

k 2 b 2  bd  d 2   b 2  bd  d 2 
9c  4 d  9c  4 d
9c  4 d  9c  4 d
k 2  b 2  bd  d 2  b 2  bd  d 2
=
(using componendo, dividendo)
= RHS
18a 18c a c
   
ma  nb mc  nd 8b 8d b d
(vii)  , m  0, n  0
ma  nb mc  nd Hence proved.
ma  nb mbk  nb abcd ab
LHS   (iv) 
ma  nb mbk  nb ac a
Using dividendo,
b ( mk  n) mk  n
  abcd ac aba
b (mk  n) mk  n  
ac a
mc  nd mkd  nd
RHS   bd b
mc  nd mkd  nd  
ac a
d ( mk  n) mk  n ab  ad  ab  bc
 
a ( mk  n) mk  n  ad = bc
 LHS = RHS a c
 
11. Using properties of proportion prove that b d
a c Hence proved.
 if
b d 12. If a, b, c are in continued proportion, prove
that
9a  4b 9a  4b
(i)  2a 2  8ab  5b 2 a
9c  4d 9c  4d (i) 
2 2
2b  8bc  5c c
(ii) (5a  8b) (5c  8d )  (5a  8b) (5c  8d )
[Hint : Use b2 = ac]
pa 2  qb2 pa 2  qb 2 (ii) (a 2  b2 ):(b 2  c 2 )  a : c
(iii) 2 2
 2 2
pc  qd pc  qd
(iii) abc ( a  b  c )3  (ab  bc  ac)3
abcd ab
(iv)  a 2  b2  c2
ac a (iv)  b4
2 2 2
[Hint : Use dividendo] a b c
9a  4b 9a  4b (v) (a  b  c) (a  b  c )  a 2  b 2  c 2
Sol. (i) 
9c  4d 9c  4 d [2015]
1 1 1 a b c a 3  b3  c 3
(vi)      =
a3 b3 c3 b2 c 2 c2a a b2  
a 2c 2 b 2
a b
Sol.  (a, b, c are in continued proportion) a 3  b3  c3
b c =
a 2 c 2  ac 
Substituting b2 = ac
(i) a3 b3 c3
=  
2a 2  8ab  5b 2 2a 2  8ab  5ac a 3 c 3 a 2 c 2  ac  a 3c 3
LHS = 
2b 2  8bc  5c 2 2ac  8bc  5c 2
1 b3 1
=  4 2  3
a  2a  8b  5c a
= c 2a  8b  5c  c = RHS
c 3
b b  
a
 
1 1 1
=  3  3
a 2  b 2 a 2  ac c 3
b a
(ii) LHS = 2 
b  c 2 ac  c 2 = RHS
Note : All the questions in 12 can be
a  a  c a proved by substituting
=  = RHS
c  a  c c 13. Using properties of proportion, solve for x.
(iii) LHS = abc(a + b + c)3 x2  x3 1
= bb2(a + b + c)3 (i) 
x2  x3 5
= [b(a + b + c)]3
= (ab + b2 + bc)3 5x  6  4x  1
(ii) 7
= (ab + ac + bc)3 5x  6  4 x  1
= RHS
2x  1  x  3
(iii) 4
a 2  b2  c2 a 2  b2  c2 2x  1  x  3
(iv) LHS = 2 
a  b 2  c 2 1

1

1
a2 b2 c2 5x  2 x  1
(iv) 4
5x  2x  1
a 2  ac  c 2 a 2  ac  c 2
=  2
x2  x3
 2 c  ac  a
1 1 1 2 1
2
 Sol. (i) 
a ac c 2
a c 2 x2  x3 5
= a2c2 = b4 = RHS. Applying componendo dividendo,
(v) LHS = (a + b + c) (a – b + c)
x2  x3 x2  x3
= (a + c)2 – b2
x2  x3  x2  x3
= a2 + 2ac + c2 – b2
= a2 + 2b2 + c2 – b2 1 5

= a2 + b2 + c2 = RHS 1 5
a b c 2 x2 6
(vi) LHS =   
b 2 c 2 c 2 a 2 a 2b 2 2 x  3 4
Squaring both sides,

x2 3
 2x  1 25
x3 2 
x3 9
Squaring both sides,
25x – 75 = 18x + 9
x2 9  25x – 18x = 9 + 75
  9x – 27 = 4x + 8
x3 4 7x = 84
 9x – 4x = 8 + 27
84
35 x   12
7
5x = 35  x  7
5  x = 12
 x=7
(ii) 5 x  6  4x  1 5x  2 x  1 4
=7=
7 (iv) 
5x + 6 - 4x + 1 1 5x  2 x  1 1
Using componendo and dividendo, Applying componendo dividendo,
5x + 6 + 4x + 1  5x  6 – 4 x  1 5x  2 x  1  5x  2 x  1 4 1

5 x 6  4x  1 – 5 x  6 – 4x  1 5x  2 x  1  5x  2 x  1 4 1
7+1 2 5x 5
= 
7– 1 2 2x  1 3
2 5x  6 8 4 Squaring both sides,
=
2 4x  1 6 3 5x 25

Squaring both sides, we get 2x  1 9
5x  6 16 50x – 25 = 45x
=
4x  1 9  50x – 45x = 25  5x = 25
45x + 54 = 64x + 16
45x – 64x = – 54 + 16 25
 x  5
– 19x = – 38 5
 x =2  x=5
2x  1  x  3 4 2a  1  2a  1
(iii)  14. (i) If x = , then show that
2x  1  x  3 1 2a  1  2 a  1
Applying componendo dividendo,
x 2  4ax  1  0.
2x  1  x  3  2x  1  x  3
2x  1  x  3  2x  1  x  3 a 2  ab  a 2  ab
(ii) If x  , then show
4 1 a 2  ab  a 2  ab

4 1 that bx2  2ax  b  0.
2 2x  1 5 ax  ax
 
2 x3 3 (iii) If y  , then show that
ax ax

2ay a 2  ab  a 2  ab
x 2
.
y 1 (ii) x =
a 2  ab  a 2  ab
a  3b  a  3b Using componendo and dividendo,

(iv) If x  , then
a  3b  a  3b
 2 
 a  ab  a  ab  
2
2
show that 3bx  2ax  3b  0. [2007]  
 2 
 a  ab  a  ab 
2
x 1  
a 2  b 2  a 2  b2 
(v) Given x  , x 1  
 a  ab  a  ab  
2 2
a 2  b2  a   b2  
 
 a  ab  a  ab 
2 2
2 2a 2 x  
prove that b  2 . [2010]
x 1
x 2a  1  2a  1 x  1 2 a 2  ab
 
Sol. (i) x  1 2 a 2  ab
1 2a  1  2a  1
Applying componendo and dividendo, Squaring both sides,
2a  1  2a  1  2a  1  2a  1 x 2  2 x  1 a 2  ab

2a  1  2a  1  2a  1  2a  1 x 2  2 x  1 a 2  ab
Using componendo and dividendo,
x 1

x 1 ( x 2  2 x  1)  ( x 2  2 x  1)
( x2  2 x  1 )  ( x2  2 x  1 )
2 2a  1 x 1

2 2a  1 x 1 (a 2  ab)  (a 2  ab)
=
Squaring both sides, (a 2  ab)  (a 2  ab)
2a  1 ( x  1)2 2 ( x 2  1) 2a 2
 
2a  1 ( x  1)2 2 (2 x ) 2( a b)
Again by componendo and dividendo,
x2  1 a

2a  1  2a  1 ( x  1)2  ( x  1)2 2x b

2a  1  2a  1 ( x  1) 2  ( x  1) 2 bx2 + b = 2ax
 bx2 – 2ax + b = 0
2 1 2 ( x 2  1)
4a
 y ax ax
21 2 4x (iii) 
1 ax ax
Applying componendo and dividendo,
x2 + 1 = 4ax
 x2 – 4ax + 1 = 0 y 1 ax ax ax ax

Hence proved. y 1 ax ax ax ax

 3bx2 – 2ax + 3b = 0
2 ax ax
  Hence proved.
2 ax ax
Squaring both sides, x a2  b2  a 2  b2
(v) 
1 a2  b2  a 2  b2
( y  1)2 ax
 Applying componendo and dividendo,
( y  1) 2 ax
Again applying componendo and dividendo,
a 2  b 2  a 2  b 2  a 2  b2
axax ( y  1) 2  ( y  1)2 x 1   a 2  b2

a xa x ( y  1) 2  ( y  1) 2 x 1 a2  b2  a 2  b2  a 2  b2
2a 2 ( y 2  1)  a 2  b2

2x 2 4y
2 a 2  b2 a 2  b2
2ay  
x  2 2 a2  b2 a 2  b2
y 1
Hence proved. Squaring both sides,
( x  1) 2 a2  b2
x a  3b  a  3b 
(iv)  ( x  1) 2
a 2  b2
1 a  3b  a  3b
Again applying componendo and dividendo,
( x  1)2  ( x  1)2 a2  b2  a2  b2
a  3b  a  3b  a  3b 
( x  1)2  ( x  1)2 a2  b2  a 2  b2
x 1  a  3b

x 1 a  3b  a  3b  a  3b 2 ( x 2  1) 2 a2

 a  3b 4x 2 b2
2a 2 x
x 1 2 a  3b a  3b b2  2
   x 1
x 1 2 a  3b a  3b
Hence proved
Squaring both sides, Use properties of proportion for the
following :
( x  1) 2 a  3b

( x  1) 2 a  3b a3  3ab 2 x3  3xy 2
15. (i) If  , prove that
Again applying componendo and dividendo, 3a 2b  b3 3x  y  y 3
( x  1)2  ( x  1)2 a  3b  a  3b x y
  .
( x  1)2  ( x  1)2 a  3b  a  3b a b
2 ( x 2  1) 1 2a x3  12 x y   27 y
 (ii) If  , find x : y.
2 4x 3 6b 6 x2  8 9 y 2  27
2ax = 3b (x2 + 1) = 3bx2 + 3b [2015]
a3  3a 14 x3  12 x y 3  27 y
(iii) If  , solve for a. (ii) 
3a 2  1 13 6 x2  8 9 y 2  27
x3  27 x 63
(iv) If 2
 , solve for x. x3  12 x  6 x 2  8
9 x  27 62 
x3  12 x  6 x 2  8
x4  1 41
(v) If  , solve for x. y 3  27 y  9 y 2  27
2x 2 9 
y 3  27 y  9 y 2  27
x4  9 25 x3  6 x 2  12 x  (2)3
(vi) If  , solve for x.
6x 2 24 
x3  6 x 2  12 x  (2)3
7 a  2b 5
(vii) If  , find a : b. y 3  9 y 2  27 y  (3)3
7 a  2b 2 
y 3  9 y 2  27 y  (3)3
a 3  3ab 2 x 3  3 xy 2
Sol. (i)  ( x  2)3 ( y  3)3
3a 2 b  b 3 3x 2 y  y 3  
( x  2)3 ( y  3)3
Using componendo and dividendo,
x2 y3
 a 2  3ab 2    3a 2b  b 2  
x2

y3
 a3  3ab 2   3a 2b  b3  Again applying componendo and dividendo,
x2 x2 y 3 y 3
 x3  3xy 2    3x 2 y  y 2  x2x2

y 3 y3
=
 x3  3xy 2    3x 2 y  y 3 
2x 2y x y
  
 a  b   x  y 
3 3
24 36 2 3
 a  b 3  x  y  3 x 2
 y  3 x:y=2:3
ab x y
 
ab x y a3  3a 14
(iii) 
Using componendo and dividendo, 3a  1
2 13
 a  b   a  b    x  y    x  y 
 a  b   a  b  x  y    x  y  a3  3a  3a 2  1 14  13
 
a3  3a  3a 2  1 14  13
2a 2 x
 a3  3a  3a 2  1 27
2b 2 y  
a  3a  3a  1
3 2 1
a x
  (a  1)3 (3)3
b y 
( a  1)3 (1)3
a 1 3 Again applying componendo and dividendo,

 
a 1 1 x 2  1  x2  1 54

Again applying componendo and dividendo, x 1 x 1
2 2 54
a 1 a 1 3 1 2x2 9
    x2 = 9 = (3)2  x = 3
a 1 a 1 3 1 2 1
2
2a 4 x 4  9 25
  (vi) 
2 2 6x2 24
 a=2 x 4  9  6 x 2 25  24

x 3  27 x 63 x 4  9  6 x 2 25  24
(iv) 
9 x 2  27 62
 x 2  3
2
Using componendo and dividendo,  2  = 49

 x 2  3
 x3  27 x  9 x 2  27  63  62
 x3  27 x   9 x 2  27 63  62 x2  3
 7 or
x2 3
7
x2  3 x2 3
 x  3 3  125 x2 + 3 = 7x2 – 21 x2 + 3 = –7x2 + 21
24 = 6x2 8x2 = 18
 x  3 3 1
18 9
x + 3 = 125 (x – 3) x2 = 4 x2 = 
8 4
x + 3 = 125x – 375 (Dividing by 25)
x + 3 = 5x – 15 3
x =  2 x= 
18 = 4x 2
 x = 4.5 7a  2b 5
(vii) 
x4 1 41 7a  2b 2
(v) 
2x 2 9 Applying componendo and dividendo,
Applying componendo and dividendo, 7a  2b  7 a  2b 52

7a  2b  7a  2b 52
x4  1  2 x2 41  9

x4  1  2 x2 41  9 2
14a 7 a 7 4 2
     
x4  2 x2  1 50 25 4b 3 b 3 14 2 3
  
x  2x  1
4 2 32 16  a:b=2:3
8ab
( x 2  1) 2 (5) 2 16. (i) If x  , find the value of
  ab
( x 2  1)2 (4) 2
x  4a x  4b
x2  1 5  .
 2  x  4a x  4b
x 1 4

4 6 x 1 4 6
(ii) x  , find the value of  
2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3
x2 2 x2 3  6 2 3 
 .    3
x2 2 x2 3  2 2 
8ab
Sol. (i) x  x 2 3
ab 
2 2 2 3
x  4a x  4b
 Applying componendo and dividendo,
x  4a x  4b
8ab x 2b x2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 2
x     =
ab 4a ab x2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2
Similarly dividing the given by 2 3 , we
x  4a 2b  a  b a  3b get
  ...(i)
x  4a 2b  a  b ba
x 1 4 6 2 2
 
x
4b

2a
ab
2 3 2 3  2 3  2 3
Applying componendo and dividendo, Applying componendo and dividendo,

x  4b 2a  a  b 3a  b x2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3
  ...(ii) 
x  4b 2a  a  b ab =
x2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3
x  4a x  4b a  3b 3a  b
Now,     x2 2 x2 3 
x  4a x  4b ba ab   
 x2 2 x2 3 
a  3b 3a  b
 
ab ab 3 3 2 3 2 3
 
3a  b  a  3b 3 2 2 3

ab
3 3 2 3 2 3
2a  2b 2 (a  b) = 
  2 3 2 3 2
ab ab
Observe the change in sign of the
4 6 denominator and + sign between fractions
(ii) x = becomes – sign.
2 3
3 3 2 3 2  3
Dividing both sides by 2 2 (so that we =
3 2
can apply componendo and dividendo on
x
)
=
2 32 2

2  3 2  =2
2 2
3 2 3 2
17. (i) Three numbers are in continued proportion

and the middle number is 24. If the sum of the (ii) (b  c) 2  ( a  b ) (c  d )
first and the third is 52, find the numbers.
3a  5d 3a3  5b3
(ii) The geometric mean (mean proportion) of (iii) 
two numbers is 18 and their sum is 39. 8a  7 d 8a3  7b
Find the numbers. a b c
Sol. (i) Let the first and third nos. be a and b. Sol. (i)   = k (let) c = dk
b c d
a 24
 a dk 3
24 b RHS =  b = ck = dk2
d d
 ab = 242 ...(i)
= k3 a = bk = dk3
a + b = 52
Substitute b = 52 – a in (i), a 3  b3  c 3 d 3k 9  d 3 k 6  d 3k 3
LHS =  3 6
a(52 – a) = 242 b3  c3  d 3 d k  d 3k 3  d 3
0 = a2 – 52a + 576
{–36 – 16 = –52, 36 × 16 = 576} 
d 3k 3 k 6  k 3  1 
= = k3
2
a – 36a – 16a + 576 = 0 d 3
k 6
 k 1
3

(a – 36) (a – 16) = 0
 LHS = RHS
a = 36 or 16  b = 16 or 36 (ii) LHS = (b + c)2 = (dk2 + dk)2
The two numbers are 36 and 16. = [dk(k + 1)]2 = d2k2(k + 1)2
(ii) Let the numbers be a and b RHS = (a + b) (c + d)
 Their geometric mean = 18 = (dk3 + dk2) (dk + d)
 = dk2 (k + 1)d(k + 1) = d2k2(k + 1)2
ab = 18  ab = 324
 LHS = RHS.
and a + b = 39
(a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab = (39)2 – 4 × 324 a b c
(iii)    k (suppose)
= 1521 – 1296 = 225 = (15)2 b c d
 a – b = 15  a = bk
b = ck
a + b = 39
c = dk
54 b = dk2
Adding we get 2a = 54  a   27
2 a = dk3
 a = dk3, b = dk2, c = dk
24
Subtracting 2b = 24  b   12
3a  5d
2 3a3  5b3
 3
 Numbers are 27, 12 8a  7 d 8 a  7 b3
a b c
  , show that 3a  5d 3dk 3  5d
18. If LHS  
b c d 8a  7 d 8dk 3  7d
a3  b3  c3 a d (3k 3  5) 3k 3  5
(i)   
b3  c 3  d 3 d d (8 k 3  7) 8k 3  7

RHS Substituting for c in (i),

3a3  5b3 3(dk 3 )3  5( dk 2 )3 b2 = 90 (100 – b)
  b2 + 90b – 9000 = 0
8a3  7b3 8(dk 3 )3  7 (dk 2 )3
b2 + 150b – 60b – 90000 = 0
3d 3k 9  5d 3k 6 b(b + 150) – 60(b + 150) = 0

8d 3 k 9  7 d 3 k 6 (b – 60) (b + 150) = 0
b = 60
d 3 k 6 (3k 3  5) 3k 3  5
   Raju scored = 90 runs
d 3k 6 (8a3  7k ) 8k 3  7
Umesh scored = 60 runs
 LHS = RHS. Sammi scored = 40 runs
19. If (a  2b  c), (a  c ) and (a  2b  c) are 21. Using properties of proportion, solve for x.
in continued proportion, show that b is the
mean proportional between a and c. x 2  3 x  4 3x 2  2 x  9
(i) 
Sol. (a + 2b + c), (a – c) and (a – 2b + c) are in 3x  4 2x  9
continued proportion.
 (a – c)2 = (a + 2b + c) (a – 2b + c) 2x2  x  5 x2  x  6
(ii) 
x5 x6
a 2  c 2  2ac
[Hint : Use only dividendo]
 a 2  2ab  ac  2ab  4b2 x 2  3x  4 3x 2  2 x  9
Sol. (i) 
 2bc  ac  2bc  c 2 3x  4 2x  9
– 2ac = – 4b2 + 2ac Using dividendo
– 4ac = – 4b2
x 2  3x  4  3x  4
ac = b2
3x  4
Hence b is mean proportional to a and c.
20. Raju, Umesh and Sammi together score 190 3x2  2 x  9  2 x  9

runs in a match. Their individual scores are 2x  9
in continued proportion. Umesh and Sammi
together score 10 runs more than Raju. Find x2 3x2

their individual scores. 3x  4 2x  9
Sol. Raju, Umesh, Sammi’s scores are in continued Dividing each by x2 if x  0
proportion
1 3
Raju Umesh Sammi 
3x  4 2x  9
a b c
 9x – 12 = 2x + 9
 2
b = ac ...(i)
 9x – 2x = 9 + 12
a + b + c = 190  7x = 21
b + c = a + 10
21
a + (a + 10) = 190  x  3
7
2a = 180
 a = 90 2x2  x  5 x2  x  6
(ii) 
 b + c = 100  c = 100 – b x5 x6

Using dividendo, 2
5
4    9 4  25  9
 2 x 2  x  5   x  5 =
 x 2  x  6   x  6   2
2
 4
5 25
x5 x6
4   9 4  4  9
2
2x 2 x2
 2x3 – 12x2 = x3 – 5x2
x5 x6 25  9 34 17
  
x3 – 7x2 = 0    x2 (x – 7) = 0 25  9 16 8
x = 0 or x = 7
22. If 9x – 5y = 3x + 10y, x2  2 y2
23. If  17, find :
(i) Find the value of x : y. x2  2 y 2
Using properties of proportion, find the
values of x 2 x3  3 y 3
7x  5y 4 x2  9 y 2 (i) y (ii)
2 x3  3 y 3
(ii) 7 x  5 y (iii)
4x2  9 y2
Sol. (i) x2 + 2y2 = 17(x2 – 2y2)
Sol. (i) 9x – 5y = 3x + 10y
x2 + 2y2 = 17x2 – 34y2
 9x – 3x = 10y + 5y  6x = 15y
2y + 34y2 = 17x2 – x2
2
x 15 5 36y2 = 16x2
 y  
6 2
x 2 36 9 x 3
 x:y=5:2 2
    y  2
y 16 4
7x  5y
(ii) 7 x  5 y x 3 (3)3 27
(ii)  
y 3 (2) 2 8
Dividing each term by y
x y 5 35 2 x 3 2 27 9
7 5 7  5 5   
y y 2 2 3 y3 3 8 4
 
x y 5 35
7 5 7 5 5 Using componendo and dividendo,
y y 2 2
45 9 2 x 3  3 y 3 9  4 13
 
2 45 2 9 2 x3  3 y 3 9  4 5
   
25 2 25 5
5 24. Find the values of a and b in the following if :
2
(i) a, 12, 18, b are in continued proportion.
4 x2  9 y2 (ii) a, 12, b, 192 are in continued proportion.
(iii)
4 x2  9 y 2 a 12 18
Sol. (i)  
Dividing each term by y2 12 18 b
2
 x
2  a = 12  =8
x2 y2 4   9 3
4 9
y 2 y   y
2
18 2
x2 y2 2   b = 27
9  x b 3
4
y2 y2
4   9
 y
7 a  3b 7bk  3b
a 12
 
b LHS  
(ii)
12 b 192 7 a  3b 7bk  3b
b2 = 12  192 = 12  12  16 b (7k  3) 7 k  3
b = 12  4 = 48  
b (7k  3) 7k  3
a 12 12  12
 a= =3 7c  3d 7dk  3d
12 48 48 RHS  
7c  3d 7 dk  3d
Miscellaneous Exercise
d (7 k  3) 7k  3
 
d (7k  3) 7 k  3
a 5  b5 122
1. If 5 5
 , using properties of  L.H.S. = R.H.S.
a b 121
proportion find a : b. a c
(ii)  let each = k
b d
a5  b5 122
Sol.   a = bk, c = dk
a b
5 5 121
1/ 2 1/ 2
Applying componendo and dividendo,  4a 2  5c 2   4b 2 k 2  5d 2 k 2 
LHS =  2 2 =  
 4b  5d   4b  5d
2 2
a 5  b 5  a 5  b5 122  121 

a b a b
5 5 5 5 122  121
  
1/ 2
3 243  k 2 4b 2  5d 2 c
=  k
 
= RHS
3 81  4b 2  5d 2  d
 
3 27
3. What number must be subtracted from 7, 10, 12 and
3 9
18 so that the resulting numbers are in proportion?
3 3
Sol. Let x be subtracted from each term, then
1
7 – x, 10 – x, 12 – x and 18 – x are proportional
2 a5 243 a
5 7x 12  x
     (3)5  
2b 5 1 b 10  x 18  x
a (7 – x) (18 – x) = (12 – x) (10 – x)
  3  a : b = 3 : 1
b  126  25 x  x 2  120  22 x  x 2
2. If a, b, c, d are proportional, then prove that
126 – 120 = – 22x + 25x
1/ 2
7 a  3b 7c  3d  4a 2  5c 2  c 6
   6 = 3x  x  2
(i) (ii)  2 2 3
7 a  3b 7c  3d  4b  5d  d
 x=2
Sol. a, b, c and d are proportional  Required number = 2
a c 4. Using properties of proportion, solve for x,
   k (suppose)
b d x5 x2
 7.
 a = bk, c = dk x5 x2
7a  3b 7c  3d x5  x2 7
(i)  Sol. 
7 a  3b 7c  3d x5 x2 1

c2 k 4  c 2 k 2  c2 c 2 (k 4  k 2  1)
= =
x5  x2  x5  x2 7 1
   
2 2
 c2 k 2  k  1 c2 k 2  k  1
x5  x2  x5 x2 7 1
(k 2  k  1)( k 2  k  1) k2  k 1
2 x5
8 x5 4 = =
   k  k2  k 1
2
 2
 k 1
2 x2 6 x2 3
Squaring both sides, Now, multiply the numerator and
denominator with c
x5 16

x2 9 c(k 2  k  1) ck 2  ck  c
= =
By cross multiplication, c(k 2  k  1) c k 2  ck  c
9x + 45 = 16x – 32
abc
45 + 32 = 16x – 9x  7x = 77 = = RHS
abc
77
 x   11 [This is because ck2 = a, ck = b]
7 Hence proved
 x = 11 6. Prove that a, b, c, d are in proportion if
5. If a, b and c are in continued proportion, prove that
5a  11b 5a  11b
 .
3a 2  4ab  5b 2 a 5c  11d 5c  11d
(i) 
3b 2  4bc  5c 2 c
5a  11b 5a  11b
Sol. (i) Since a, b and c are in continued Sol. 
5c  11d 5c  11d
proportion,
a b 5a  11b 5c  11d
  (By alternendo)
 =  b2 = ac 5a  11b 5c  11d
b c
3a 2  4 ab  5b 2 3a 2  4ab  5ac
LHS = = 5a  11b  5a  11b 5c  11d  5c  11d
3b 2  4bc  5c 2 3ac  4bc  5c 2 
5a  11b  5a  11b 5c  11d  5c  11d
[Substitute the value of b]
10a 10c a c
a  3a  4b  5c a    
22b 22d b d
  c
= c 3a  4b  5c = = RHS
 a, b, c, d are in proportion.
a 2  b2  c 2 abc 7. Find two numbers a and b whose mean
(ii)  proportion is 6 and their third proportion is 48.
 a  b  c 2
abc
Sol. Mean proportion of a and b = 6
Sol. Since a, b and c are in continued proportion, and third proportion of a and b = 48
a b 36
 =
b c
=k  ab = 6  ab = 36  a  b ...(i)
 b = ck and a = bk = ck × k = ck2 and a : b : b : 48
a 2  b2  c 2 (ck 2 ) 2  (ck )2  c 2 36
LHS = =  b2 = 48a  b2  48 
 a  b  c  ck  b
2 2
2
 ck  c
 b3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2
= 26 × 3 3
a3  3a  3a 2  1 234  109
 b = 22 × 3 = 4 × 3 = 12 
a  3a  3a  1
3 2 234  109
36 36
and a   3
b 12 a3  3a 2  3a  1 343
 
 a = 3, b = 12 a3  3a 2  3a  1 125
3
a 1  3 a 1 (a  1)3 73 a 1 7
8. If x  , prove that  
3
a 1  3 a 1  
( a  1)3 53 a 1 5
x3  3ax 2  3x  a. By cross multiplication,
7a – 7 = 5a + 5
3
a 1  3 a 1  7a – 5a = 5 + 7  2a = 12
Sol. x = 3
a 1  a 1
3
12
Using componendo and dividendo,  a  6 Hence a = 6.
2
x 1

 3
 
a  1  3 a 1  3
a 1  3 a 1  10. If a, b, c are in continued proportion, then
prove that
x 1  3
a 1  3 a 1   3
a 1  3 a 1 (a2 – b2) (b2 + c2) = (b2 – c2) (a2 + b2).
a, b, c are in continued proportion.
x  1 23 a  1 Substituting

x  1 23 a  1 b2 = ac
Taking power of 3 on both sides, LHS = (a2 – b2) (b2 + c2)
= (a2 – ac) (ac + c2)
 x  1 3  a  1 x 3  3x 2  3x  1 a  1

= a(a – c) c(a + c) = ac(a – c) (a + c)
=
 x  1 3 a  1 x 3  3x 2  3x  1 a  1 a b
    b2 = ac

Using componendo and dividendo, b c
RHS = (b2 – c2) (a2 + b2)
 x3  3x 2  3x  1   x3  3x 2  3x  1 = (ac – c2) (a2 + ac) = c(a – c) a (a + c)
 x3  3x 2  3x  1   x3  3x 2  3x  1 = ac(a – c) (a + c)
 LHS = RHS
 a  1   a  1 
2 x  3x
3
  2  a 11. Given (x + 3) is the mean proportion between
(x – 1) and 2x, find the value of x.
2  3x  1 2 1
= =
 a  1   a  1 2
Sol. (x + 3) is the mean proportion between
x3 + 3x = +a 3ax2 (x – 1) and 2x
x3 + 3x – 3ax2 = a  (x + 3)2 = (x – 1) (2x)
x2 + 6x + 9 = 2x2 – 2x
a3  3a 234
9. If  , using properties of 2x2 – 2x – x2 – 6x – 9 = 0 x2 – 8x – 9 = 0
2
3a  1 109
 x2 – 9x + x – 9 = 0
proportion, solve the equation.
 x (x – 9) + 1 (x – 9) = 0  (x – 9) (x + 1) = 0
a3  3a 234 Either x – 9 = 0, then x = 9
Sol. 
3a  1
2 109 or x + 1 = 0, then x = – 1
Applying componendo and dividendo, Hence x = 9, – 1
Board Paper Questions Applying componendo and dividendo,

3a  4b  3a  4b 3c  4d  3c  4d
a c 
1. Given  , prove that 3a  4b  3a  4b 3c  4d  3c  4d
b d
6a 6c a c
3a  5b 3c  5d    
 . [2000] 8b 8d b d
3a  5b 3c  5d
 a, b, c and d are proportional.
a c
Sol. Let  k 4. What number must be added to each of the
b d numbers 6, 15, 20 and 43 to make them
then a = bk, c = dk proportional ? [2005, 2013]
3a  5b 3  bk  5b Sol. Let x be added to each of the numbers
LHS  
3a  5b 3bk  5b 6 + x, 15 + x, 20 + x, 43 + x are proportional
b (3k  5) 3k  5 6 x 20  x
   
b (3k  5) 3k  5 15  x 43  x
By cross multiplication
3c  5d 3dk  5d
RHS   (6 + x) (43 + x) = (20 + x) (15 + x)
3c  5d 3dk  5d
d (3k  5) 3k  5 258  49 x  x 2  300  35 x  x 2
  49x – 35x = 300 – 258
d (3k  5) 3k  5
42
 LHS = RHS 14x = 42  x  3
14
2. Two numbers are in the ratio of 3 : 5. If 8 is  Required number = 3
added to each number, the ratio becomes
2 : 3. Find the numbers. [2001] 8a  5b 8a  5b a c
5. If  , prove that  .
Sol. Ratio in 2 numbers = 3 : 5 8c  5d 8c  5d b d
Let first number = 3x
8a  5b 8a  5b
and second number = 5x Sol. 
8c  5d 8c  5d
Now adding 8 to each term, then
3x  8 8a  5b 8c  5d

2  (By alternendo)
5x  8 3 8a  5b 8c  5d
10x + 16 = 9x + 24 Applying componendo and dividendo,
(By cross multiplication) 8a  5b  8a  5b 8c  5d  8c  5d

10x – 9x = 24 – 16 x = 8 8a  5b  8a  5b 8c  5d  8c  5d
Hence first number = 3x = 3 × 8 = 24
16a 16c a c
and second number = 5x = 5 × 8 = 40    
10b 10d b d
3a  4b 3a  4b a c
3. If  , prove that  . Hence proved.
3c  4d 3c  4d b d 6. What least number must be added to each of
3a  4b 3a  4b the numbers 5, 11, 19 and 37 so that they are in
Sol.  proportion ? [2009]
3c  4d 3c  4d
Sol. Let x be added to each number,
3a  4b 3c  4d 5 + x, 11 + x, 19 + x and 37 + x are in
  (By alternendo)
3a  4b 3c  4d proportional
5 x 19  x 9. Using componendo and dividendo, find the

  value of x :
11  x 37  x
By cross multiplication, 3x  4  3x  5
 9. [2011]
(5 + x) (37 + x) = (19 + x) (11 + x) 3x  4  3x  5
185 + 42x + x 2 = 209 + 30x + x 2 3x  4  3x  5 9
Sol. 
42x – 30x = 209 – 185 3x  4  3x  5 1
24 Applying componendo dividendo,
12x = 24  x  2
12
3x  4  3x  5  3x  4
 3x  5 9 1

3
a  3ab 2
63  a c  3x  4  3x  5  3x  4 9 1
7. Given that    .
3
b  3a b 2 62  b d   3x  5
Using Componendo and Dividendo, find
a : b. [2009] 2 3x  4 10 3x  4 5
   
2 3x  5 8 3x  5 4
a 3  3ab 2 63
Sol.  Squaring both sides,
b 3  3a 2b 62
3x  4 25
 a3  3ab 2   b3  3a 2b  63  62 3x  5

16
 a3  3ab 2    b3  3a 2b 63  62 By cross multiplication,
25 (3x – 5) = 16 (3x + 4)
 75x – 125 = 48x + 64
 a  b 3  125 ab  75x – 48x = 64 + 125 27x = 189
 5
 a  b 3 ab
189
a + b = 5a – 5b   6b = 4a x  7
27
6 a 3  x=7
  
4 b 2 10. 6 is the mean proportion between two numbers
8. If x, y, z are in continued proportion, prove x and y, and 48 is the third proportional to x
and y. Find the numbers. [2011]
( x  y )2 x Sol. 6 is mean proportion of x and y.
that 2
 . [2010]  x:6=6:y
( y  z) z
Sol. x, y, z are in continued proportion. 62
xy = 62  x  ...(1)
x y y
  y2 = xz 3rd prop. = 48
y z
x y

 x  y 2

x  2 xy  y
2 2
y 48
LHS =
 y  z 2
y 2  2 yz  z 2
y2
x
x 2  2 xy  xz x  x  2 y  z  x 48
=   = RHS
xz  2 yz  z 2 z  x  2 y  z  z From (i) and (ii),
62 y 2
    y3 = 62  48
 x 2  2 x  1   x 2  2 x  1
y 48
 x 2  2 x  1   x 2  2 x  1
= 6 × 6 × 6 × 8 = 6 3 × 23 = 6 3  8
y = 6  2 = 12  a  1   a  1 
2 x2  1   2a
= =
2
6 36  a  1   a  1 2  2 x 2
 x=  =3
y 12 x2
+ 1 = 2ax
11. The monthly pocket money of Ravi and x2
– 2ax + 1 = 0
Sanjeev are in the ratio 5 : 7. Their expenditures 13. Using the properties of proportion, solve
are in the ratio 3 : 5. If each saves ` 80 every
x4  1 17
month, find their monthly pocket money. for x, given 
 . [2013]
Sol. Ratio in monthly pocket money of Ravi and 2x 8
Sanjeev = 5 : 7
x 4  1 17
Ratio in their expenditure = 3 : 5 Sol. 
Their saving every month = ` 80 2x2 8
Let monthly pocket money of Ravi = 5x Using componendo and dividendo,
and monthly pocket money of Sanjeev = 7x
 
2
According to the question, x 4  1  2 x 2 17  8 x2  1 25
 = 
 
2
5 x  80 3 x  1  2x
4 2
17  8 x 1
2 9

7 x  80 5
By cross multiplication, x2  1 5

25x – 400 = 21x – 240 x2  1 3
25x – 21x = 400 – 240 3x2 + 3 = 5x2 – 5–3x2 + 3 = 5x2 – 5
2x2 = 8 8x2 = 2
160
 4x = 160  x  40 1
4
x2 = 4 x2 =
 Ravi’s pocket money = 5x = 5 × 40 = ` 200 4
and Sanjeev’s pocket money = 7x = 7 × 40 1
= ` 280 x = 2 x= 
2
a 1  a 1 14. If (3a + 2b) : (5a + 3b) = 18 : 29, find a : b.
12. If x  , using properties of
a 1  a 1 [2016]
proportion show that x2 – 2ax + 1 = 0. [2012] Sol. (3a + 2b) : (5a + 3b) = 18 : 29
a 1  a 1 3a  2b 18
  By cross multiplication,
Sol. x = 5a  3b 29
a 1  a 1
29 (3a + 2b) = 18 (5a + 3b)
x 1

 a 1  a 1    a 1  a 1   87a + 58b = 90a + 54b
x 1  a 1  a  1   a 1  a  1  58b – 54b = 90a – 87a
a 4
x 1 2 a 1 x2  2x  1 a  1  4b = 3a  
 = 2  b 3
x 1 2 a 1 x  2x  1 a  1  a:b=4:3

15. If b is the mean proportion between a,

and c, show that m2 64

n 2 49
a 4  a 2b 2  b 4 a 2
 By componendo and dividendo,
b 4  b 2c 2  c 4 c 2
Sol. b2 = ac m 2  n 2 64  49

a 4  a 2b 2  b 4 m 2  n 2 64  49
LHS = 4
b  b 2c 2  c 4 m 2  n 2 113
Substitute b2 = ac   Ans.
m 2  n 2 15
a 4  a 2b 2  (b 2 ) 2 17. Using properties of proportion, solve for
a 4  a 2b 2  ( ac )2
 4 =
x. Give that x is positive :
(b )  b c  c
2 2 2 2
( ac )2  b2c 2  c 4
2 x  4 x2  1
4
a 4  a 2b 2  a 2 c 2 a 2 (a 2  b2  c 2 ) a 2 2 x  4x2  1
= 2 2 = 2 2 =
a c  b 2c 2  c 4 c (a  b 2  c 2 ) c 2
 LHS = RHS
2 x  4 x2  1
Sol. 4
2 x  4x2  1
a 4  a 2b 2  b 4 a 2
 4  Ans. By componendo and dividendo,
b  b 2c 2  c 4 c 2
( 2 x  4 x 2  1)  ( 2 x  4 x 2  1 ) 4 1
7 m  2n 5 
16. If  , use properties of ( 2 x  4 x  1)  ( 2 x  4 x  1)
2 2 4 1
7 m  2n 3
proportion to find the value of
2 x  4x2  1  2x  4x2  1 5

m n
2 2
2x  4x 1  2x  4x 1
2 2 3
(i) m:n (ii)
m2  n2
4x 5

7 m  2n 5 2 4x 1 2 3
Sol. (i) 
7 m  2n 3
2x 5
By componendo and dividendo,  
4x 1 2 3
7 m  2 n  7 m  2n 5  3
  6x = 5 4 x 2  1
7 m  2 n  7 m  2n 5  3
 36x2 = 25(4x2 – 1)
14m 8
   36x2 = 100x2 – 25
4n 2  25 = 64x2
m 8
  m:n=8:7 25
 x2
n 7 
64
m 8
(ii)   squaring both sides, 5
n 7  x=+ (Since x is positive) Ans.
8
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Board Paper Questions 24—27

3. Shares and Dividends 28—45

Board Paper Questions 40—45

6. Ratio and Proportion 100—122

Miscellaneous Exercise 216—222

Board Paper Questions 222—235

11. Section Formula 236—254

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 1 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 2 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

(i) CGST paid by manufacturer to the govt. = `150

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 3 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 4 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 5 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

 S.P. of edible oil for manufacturer = `3000 – 25% of `3000 = `2250

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 7 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Delhi. If GST is 28%, find

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 8 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 9 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

 C.P. of the granite block = S.P. – Profit = `40000 – `8000 = `32000

 C.P. of the clock = M.P. – Profit = `4000 – `1600 = `2400

 C.P. of the computer = M.P. – Profit = `9000 – `600 = `8400

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 12 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 13 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Hence, Price paid by retailer inclusive of GST = `4500 + `810 = `5310

(iii) Amount of GST = S.P. of AC – C.P. of AC = `57,600 – `45,000 = `12,600

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 14 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

The customer pay the selling price without GST = `525

The customer pay the selling price without GST = `4200

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 15 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 16 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

4. Mrs Ramani has a three year recurring  Rate = 8% p.a.

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 18 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 19 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Maturity value = Pn + S.I. P  n ( n  1)  r  1

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 20 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 21 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

3 received `8088 at the time of maturity of

Miscellaneous Exercise nP + Interest = Amount

 Maturity value = Pn + S.I. 5 4

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 23 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

1  Maturity instalment = ` 500

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 24 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 25 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 26 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 27 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Exercise 3 (i)  Investment = 60 × ` 125 = 7500

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 28 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

= ` 80000 (i) the market value of the share

Rate of dividend = 8% dividend received by B.

Now price of 250 shares = ` 4000 16000

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 31 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

Now in second case, 12%. What is his dividend from these

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 33 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

and B. Company A gives a dividend of 5% Dividend rate = 8%

 No of shares left = 360 – 60 = 300. discount of 10%. When the company

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 35 Solutions of B.N. Shastry

18 10 x company B sells `25 shares at a premium

Self-Help to F.K. Mathematics - X 37 Solutions of B.N. Shastry