Unit 6

MODULE

6 Communication for
Various Purposes

I. Introduction

Tim Salladay said, “It’s not how strongly you feel about your topic, it’s how
strongly they feel about your topic after you speak.” Communication is the process of
passing information from one person to another. The purpose of communication
understands information. Whatever one wants to say to someone should be clearly
understood by him or else the very purpose of communication would be defeated.
Communication serves five major purposes: to inform, to express feelings, to
imagine, to influence and to meet social expectations. Each of these purposes is
reflected in a form of communication.
This unit covers the developing and delivering and informative and persuasive
speeches. Furthermore, it also emphasizes talking that fits the occasion. It discusses
also the ten guidelines on how to organize your speech.

II. Learning Outcomes

At the end of the unit, you are expected to:

1. write informative and persuasive speeches;
2. deliver effective speeches relevant to your field of specialization;
and
3. reflect on the questions regarding the learnings you have gained
after the unit lessons.
 III. Pre-Assessment
Direction: True or False

True 1. Communication is the process of passing information from one person to

another.
True 2. The purpose of communication doesn't understands information.
False 3. Informative speech as the term implies, is a type of speech that aims to inform
the audience and to advocate a cause or influence people to act and think as you want
them to be.
True 4. A successful informative speech can empower the audience through the new
ideas and skills that you can impart to them.
False 5. There are seven types of informative speech.
True 6. Speech organization about objects can be chronological, spatial, or topical.
True 7. Process refers to sequence of actions or steps that lead to a specific product or
income.
True 8. Speech organization about processes is chronological.
False 9. Speech about people is like speech about objects.
True 10. Speech Organization about events can be by chronology, by cause-effect, or
by category.
True 11. An issue refers to a point or matter of discussion, dispute, and public concern.
False 12. To clarify such an issue, a speech may not be delivered.
True 13. One characteristic of a concept is its abstract state. A speech about concepts
can be arranged by topics or by comparison and contrast.
False 14. There are six ways in organizing informative speech.
True 15. If you intend to describe a process or discuss changes and developments,
consider using the chronological arrangement which involves sequencing of events or
steps.
True 16. If you need to organize your speech according to physical space and
relationships between and among locations, consider using a spatial arrangement which
allows the audience to visualize locations, appearance, distances, and arrangement of
objects.
True 17. Categorical approach is very flexible, it may also bore the audience because of
the absence of actions.
False 18. Relate your topic to the audience. Talk at the, not to them.
False 19. Use jargons, clichés and highfalutin words in making a speech.
True 20. If you intend to show reasons why a phenomenon occurred and/or what the
outcomes are, consider using the cause-and-effect approach.
 IV. Developing and Delivering an Informative Speech

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify the different purposes and types of an informative speech;
2. explain the appropriate organization of ideas for a specific informative speech
topic;
3. evaluate an informative speech;
4. apply psychological principles in increasing listeners’ comprehension;
5. prepare a clear outline for maximum effectiveness, and
6. deliver an effective informative speech.

Presentation of Content

As students, and even as professionals, speaking to inform people is

inevitable. You may be asked to describe an event or object, explain a concept or
idea, show how things work, and introduce yourself. There are almost infinite
situations and topics that you can talk about to inform others. Though there is a
gamut of topics you can choose from, the key point is pick a topic that is new to the
audience or discuss a common topic in a fresher perspective.
Informative speech as the term implies, is a type of speech that aims
to inform the audience and not to advocate a cause or influence people to act and
think as you want them to be. The information that you will convey will be judged
based on accuracy, completeness, clarity, and meaningfulness. Hence, it is
important to develop your skill in informative speaking; that is to achieve personal
and professional success. A successful informative speech can empower the
audience through the new ideas and skills that you can impart to them. It can also
shape their perception and clarity options for action.
Before delivering your informative speech, you must ensure that your
topic is significant enough to merit a speech. You must also identify the level of
information that your audience already know and the information that they need to
know about the chosen topic. Lastly, ensure that you clearly understand the
intricacies of your topic to establish credibility and confidence.
Types of Informative Speech
1. Speech about objects
Object refers to something that is visible, tangible, and stable in form that
can be experienced through physical senses. Objects can be living or non-living.
Speech organization about objects can be chronological, spatial, or topical.
Here are some examples of speeches about objects:
• Mayon Volcano
• 3D glasses
• The poodle
• Light Rail Transit
• ASyringe

2. Speech about processes

Process refers to sequence of actions or steps that lead to a specific
product or income. Processes may involve people – people interacting with
machines, and forces of nature. Your goal in this type of speech is for the audience to
understand and/or perform the process. Generally, you need to have the following
elements when delivering this speech: input (materials), tools or forces (operate on
the inputs), sequence of steps from start to finish, output or product, and skills
(Bovee, 2003).
Speech organization about processes is chronological. You can apply
the following tips when delivering a speech about processes:
1. Give an overview about the whole process.
2. Subgroup complicated processes for better comprehension. Make sure that
subgrouping is logically arranged. For example, when demonstrating how to
cook Italian spaghetti, you may group the procedure according to ingredients
and materials needed, actual cooking, and garnishing.
3. Review frequently to ensure that the audience are still with you.
4. Summarize the procedure.
5. Use visual aids.
Here are some examples of speeches about processes:
• How a tornado develops
• How papaya soap is made
• How to play the piano
• How to cook adobo
3. Speech about people
Speech about people is like speech about objects – except of course,
they should be represented as human beings. This type of speech allows the speaker
to describe how people look like, how they act, how they deal with life, and the like.
Here are some examples of speeches about people.
• The Sacrifices of Mother Teresa
• The Legacy of Pres. Ferdinand Marcos
• President Rodrigo Duterte: The Road to the Malacanang Palace

4. Speech about events

An event refers to anything that happens or is happening. Speech
Organization about events can be by chronology, by cause-effect, or by category. It
must be subdivided consistently and logically. Here are some examples of speeches
about events:
• Miss Universe 2018
• Recent Philippine Elections
• National SCUAA

5. Speech about issues

An issue refers to a point or matter of discussion, dispute, and public
concern. To clarify such an issue, a speech may be delivered. The following are some
of the issues that can be discussed for better understanding:
• Truancy among students
• Professional Conflicts
• Sexual Harassment
• Corruption in the Philippines

6. Speech about concepts

A concept refers to beliefs, theories, principles, and ideas. One
characteristic of a concept is its abstract state. A speech about concepts can be
arranged by topics or by comparison and contrast. Here are some examples of
speeches about concepts:
• Feminism
• Financial Freedom
• Capitalism
• Leadership
Ways in Organizing Informative Speech
Chronological
If you intend to describe a process or discuss changes and developments,
consider using the chronological arrangement which involves sequencing of events or
steps. The topics that may need this approach are the following:
• How to print a document from a computer
• How to cook spaghetti
• The Life of Oprah Winfrey
Spatial
If you need to organize your speech according to physical space and
relationships between and among locations, consider using a spatial arrangement which
allows the audience to visualize locations, appearance, distances, and arrangement of
objects. The topics that may need this approach are the following:
• Asia’s best tourist spots
• Describing a newly built condominium
• Different regions in the Philippines

Categorical or Topical
If you intend to show the audience the classification of subjects, consider
using this approach which allows the audience to see how the subject is divided into
subgroups or subtopics. Though this approach is very flexible, it may also bore the
audience because of the absence of actions. The topics that may need this approach
are the following:
• Types of learners
• Different branches of science
• Body systems (i.e circulatory, digestive, respiratory)
Cause and Effect
If you intend to show reasons why a phenomenon occurred and/or what the
outcomes are, consider using the cause-and-effect approach. It allows the audience to
see the causal relationship of events. The topics that may need this approach are the
following:
• Dangers of alcohol drinking
• Dangers of smoking
 • Causes and effects of abortion
Comparison and Contrast
If you intend to show the differences and similarities of an event, place,
person, things, and other concepts and objects, consider using comparison and contrast
approach. It helps the audience choose between two items being compared. The topics
that may need this approach are the following:
• Mobile phone vs. landline
• Where to spend a vacation: Singapore or Hongkong?
• A comparison and contrast between Globe and Smart

Additional Tips for an Effective Informative Speech

1. Use plain language. Avoid jargons, clichés, highfalutin, and legalistic terms
unless it is totally necessary.
2. Relate your topic to the audience. Talk to them not at them.
3. Do not overestimate not underestimate your audience’s knowledge about the
topic. Your main purpose is to inform.
4. Use active and concrete language over abstract. Since you are writing to inform,
be clear in what you want your readers to understand.
5. Enlighten and entertain your audience simultaneously. A happy soul absorbs
more information.
Activity:

Direction: Make an informative speech about any topic you like.

Make a video that shows how you present your speech.
Your face must be shown on the video.
You don’t have to put the speech here, just a video is enough.
Send the video on my Facebook account. Don’t upload it in Google
classroom.