LESSON 1

Oral Communication in Context

(Atesha Pedro) (NMPL 11-8) | SEM 1 2022

Unit 1: Nature and Elements of Message

Communication
information the sender wants to
Communication (definition) communicate.

● process of exchanging information Encoding

○ conveyed as words, tone of process of converting the message
voice, and body language. into tangible forms such as words,
● originates as mental images within a actions or forms that the receiver
person who desires to convey those understands.
images to another
Channel
○ include ideas, thoughts,
pictures, and emotions helps carry the message to its desired
destination.
● the sending and receiving of
messages Decoding
● process by which an individual (the
communicator) transmits stimuli, process of interpreting the encoded
usually verbal to modify the behavior of message sent by the source to the
other individuals (the audience) receiver
● used to convey their desires and Receiver
needs, whether these may be trivial or
significant. the target of the message or the
decoder of the message sent.
successful communication can lead to better
interactions and relationships. Feedback
By COMMUNICATING,
response of the recipient after having
● people can learn from what they hear, intercepted the message.
see, smell, taste, and feel from their
surroundings and as a result, they can Context
use the knowledge to improve their
lives and the lives of others. environment wherein the
communication act occurs.
● people establish goodwill and forge
alliances to do their best not only for Barrier
themselves but also for others as well.
any factor that inhibits the conveyance
of a message; that is, anything that
gets in the way of the message being
accurately received, interpreted and
responded to.

Elements of Communication

Sender/Source

chief initiator of any communication

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LESSON 1
Oral Communication in Context
(Atesha Pedro) (NMPL 11-8) | SEM 1 2022

Lesson 2: ● Trait Indicators

Forms of Communication ● Cultural Differences
● Personal Odors
Forms of Communication
Paraverbal
1. Verbal
2. Nonverbal ● the inflection, pacing, pitch, and tone of
3. Paraverbal speech
Verbal ● not by what one says, but how one
says it
● the use of sounds or words (language) ● to establish meaning behind the words
to express oneself
● oral or written Components:
● the use of language particularly
speaking skills to communicate more ○ Pitch
effectively ○ Tone
○ Speed
Nonverbal

● communication without the use of Includes:

spoken language
1. Tone /Voice Qualities
Includes: 2. Rate of Speech
3. Cadence/Rhythm of Voice
1. Signs and Symbols (Non-verbal) 4. Volume (how loud)
2. Body Movements and Gestures
3. Eye Contact and Facial Expressions Tone /Voice Qualities
4. Touch
5. Physical Appearance ● combination of factors that convey the
6. Mannerisms meaning of the message.
7. Posture ● indicates emotion: happy, angry,
8. Distance (Proxemics) emphatic, stressed, excited.
9. Silence ● avoid monotone when reading a
10. Time (Chronemics) speech.
11. Smell (Olfactory)
Rate of Speech
Time (Chronemics) ● how fast or slow one talks.
○ slow, too slow, fast, too fast
● from punctuality to expectations around
waiting and response time, Cadence/Rhythm of Voice
● to general principles around time
● Volume Inflection
management
● High or Low (rise & fall)
● study primarily for anthropologists, who ● Voice Inflection
look at cultural norms around the use of
time

Smell (Olfactory)

● Affects Moods
● Triggers Memories

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LESSON 1
Oral Communication in Context
(Atesha Pedro) (NMPL 11-8) | SEM 1 2022

Lesson 3: ● contains ellipses (or cues) that

Models of Communication symbolize the communication
environment (how one interprets the
Shannon-Weaver Model (1949) data that he is/are given)
○ where the ellipses meet is the
● Mother of all communication models. most effect communication area
● Designed to mirror the functioning of because both communicators
radio and telephone technologies. share the same meaning of the
message.
● A linear form of communication.
★ a multi-layered feedback system

Advantages
● shows shared field of experience of the
sender and receiver
● More effective in 1-on-1 interaction than ● talks about simultaneous message
group or mass audience. sending, noise and feedback
● Primary role sender; secondary role of Disadvantages:
receiver.
● it’s very complex
● Noise can be a dysfunctional factor
● both the sender and receiver must
understand the cues sent by the other

Schramm Model (1954)

● modified the Shannon–Weaver model.

● the impact that a message has (both
desired and undesired) on the target of
the message (receiver) should be
Transactional Model (1970)
examined.
● People are connected through ● communication includes acts that
communication when they engage in confer knowledge and experiences,
transaction. give advice and commands, and ask
it recognizes that … questions.
● each person is a sender-receiver ○ these acts take many forms that
(reciprocal); depends on the abilities of the
group communicating
● communication is fluid/simultaneous as
it affects all parties involved

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LESSON 1
Oral Communication in Context
(Atesha Pedro) (NMPL 11-8) | SEM 1 2022

● target can be one self, another person problems that can occur during
or being, another entity (such as a interpretation of message.
corporation or group of beings)

Schramm Model

● fields of experience
● semantic noise
● feedback
● introduced the concept of semantic
noise
● dynamic model
★ feedback makes it easier to know if the
message is interpreted by the receiver
as intended or not.
★ field of experience helps to
understand the communication process
in many other ways than the traditional
ones
★ introduced semantic noise as a
concept that helps in understanding