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    Regions are groups of countries that are located in the same geographical area or are formally organized through a union to govern together. Countries organize themselves into regions for military defense, economic interdependence, and to expand their influence and powers against other partners. The document then discusses learning objectives related to defining the Global South, differentiating it from the Third World, and analyzing how experiences of Latin American countries led to new conceptions of global relations. It provides definitions of the Global North, Global South, and Third World, highlighting economic and developmental differences between them. Finally, the document notes some lessons that can be learned from Latin America's experiences with globalization, such as exploitation of resources during colonialism, unequal terms of

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    Topic 1

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    Regions are groups of countries that are located in the same geographical area or are formally organized through a union to govern together. Countries organize themselves into regions for military defense, economic interdependence, and to expand their influence and powers against other partners. The document then discusses learning objectives related to defining the Global South, differentiating it from the Third World, and analyzing how experiences of Latin American countries led to new conceptions of global relations. It provides definitions of the Global North, Global South, and Third World, highlighting economic and developmental differences between them. Finally, the document notes some lessons that can be learned from Latin America's experiences with globalization, such as exploitation of resources during colonialism, unequal terms of

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    Regions are groups of countries that are located in the same geographical area or are formally organized through a union to govern together. Countries organize themselves into regions for military defense, economic interdependence, and to expand their influence and powers against other partners. The document then discusses learning objectives related to defining the Global South, differentiating it from the Third World, and analyzing how experiences of Latin American countries led to new conceptions of global relations. It provides definitions of the Global North, Global South, and Third World, highlighting economic and developmental differences between them. Finally, the document notes some lessons that can be learned from Latin America's experiences with globalization, such as exploitation of resources during colonialism, unequal terms of

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    12 views25 pages

    Topic 1

    Uploaded by

    Angel Camat
    Regions are groups of countries that are located in the same geographical area or are formally organized through a union to govern together. Countries organize themselves into regions for military defense, economic interdependence, and to expand their influence and powers against other partners. The document then discusses learning objectives related to defining the Global South, differentiating it from the Third World, and analyzing how experiences of Latin American countries led to new conceptions of global relations. It provides definitions of the Global North, Global South, and Third World, highlighting economic and developmental differences between them. Finally, the document notes some lessons that can be learned from Latin America's experiences with globalization, such as exploitation of resources during colonialism, unequal terms of

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    of 25

    UNIT 2-A WORLD OF

    REGIONS
    What is a region?

    •Regions are a group of countries found in the same


    geographical area or are a union of two or more regions
    organized to control, govern and rule in the society

    - Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. Milner (1999)


    Why do countries organize
    themselves into regions?
    Reasons why countries organize regional association:

    •Military defense
    • Economic interdependence
    •Expand influence and powers against training
    partners
    • At the end of this
    LEARNING OUTCOMES:
    unit, you will be able to:

    • Define the Global South;


    • Differentiate the Global South from the Third World;
    • Analyze how a new conception of global relations emerged from the
    experiences of Latin

    • American countries;
    • Differentiate between regionalization and globalization;
    • Identify the factors leading to a greater integration of the Asian region; and
    • Analyze how different Asian states confront the challenges of globalization
    and regionalization
    Unit II Topic 1:

    Global Divides: The Global North and the Global South


    (focus on Latin America)

    •
    “ If a free society cannot help the many who are
    poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.”
    - John F.
    Kennedy
    Learning objectives:

    At the end of the topic, the students will be able to:

    • Define the term “Global South”;


    • Differentiate the Global South from the Third World; and
    • Analyse how a new conception of global relations emerged from the
    experiences of Latin American countries.
    CONCEPTS AND DEFINITONS

    GLOBAL SOUTH AND GLOBAL NORTH


    Global North
    •refers to the countries that are geographically in the
    northern hemisphere or to countries that are
    economically developed.

    •global North countries have better economies, better


    living conditions, higher access to health care, literacy,
    higher per capita etc.

    •Europe, North America, Australia and Japan comprise the


    Global North.
    Global South
    • refers to the countries that are geographically in the southern
    hemisphere or to countries that are economically struggling.

    • Global south is a term that related to economical condition rather


    than direction/geography which normally refers to less developed
    nations

    • Global south comprises of nations still mostly in developing phase


    and are still coping to bring up the conditions to a feasible
    standard.

    • It is called the “Developing World” which includes some countries


    of Africa and Latin America and some developing countries in
    Asia. The Global South includes nearly 157 of a total of 184
    recognized states in the world and many have limited resources.
    Global South

    •Also known as Third World which is a phrase used to


    describe the developing countries.

    •newly created independent countries of Africa and the


    countries of Asia that became independent after World
    War II.

    •Share common political and economic issues


    •Political, social and economic changes are prevalent
    THE THIRD WORLD AND THE GLOBAL
    SOUTH
    • The term “third world” historically • The term “Global South”, however,
    refers to countries that were aligned whilst also being a euphemism for
    neither with the communist Eastern “developing countries”, is generally
    bloc of countries, nor with the used in the context of the economic
    capitalist West, during the Cold and developmental disparity
    War. This includes countries as between countries in the northern
    diverse as Botswana, India and and southern hemispheres.
    Sweden. In current culture,
    however, that term is normally used
    as a euphemism for “developing
    countries”.
    THE THREE WORLD`S MODEL
    First World: Western Bloc led by USA, the UK
    , NATO, Japan and their allies.

    Second World: Eastern Bloc led by the USSR,


    the Warsaw Pact, China and their allies.

    Third World: Non-Aligned Movement led by


    India and Yugoslavia and other neutral
    countries.
    Third World
    • “Third World” countries was created by Alfred Sauvy, a French
    demographer, in an article that he wrote for the French magazine,
    L’Observatuer in 1952, after World War II and during the Cold War-era, the
    Third World also are those countries that did not align with either the First
    World or Second World countries after World War II and are described as
    less developed countries. The Third World included the developing nations of
    Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

    • The term “Third world” countries was used to designate the countries that
    didn’t side with North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO/capitalism or the
    Soviet Union/communism. The new generic meaning for third world
    countries are poor and underdeveloped nations. Such descriptors can refer to
    poor education, infrastructure, improper sanitation and others.

    •
    Global South
    • 3 Significant Definitions of Global South:
    • It has been used within intergovernmental developmental organizations
    originated in the Non-Aligned Movement which refer to economically
    disadvantaged nation-states and as a post-cold war alternative to “Third
    World.”

    • The Global South has a deteriorating geography and means to account for
    conquered peoples within the borders of developed countries, such that there
    economic South’s in the geographic North and North’s in the geographic
    South

    • Global South refers to the resistant imaginary of a transnational political


    subject that results from a shared experience of subjugation under
    contemporary global capitalism. This subject is forged when the world’s
    "Souths" recognize one another and view their conditions as shared (López
    EXPERIENCES OF LATIN AMERICAN
    COUNTRIES

    •Why Highlight Latin America to describe the


    Global South?
    •In 2016 Morgan Stanley emphasized
    the role of Latin America in
    advancing global economy.
    Specifically, Brazil and Argentina
    managed to surface beyond
    economic turmoil. Economists
    argued that politics and policy
    choices plays a big role in the
    economic growth in an area.
    What we can learn from Latin American
    Experiences of globalization?
    Lessons from Latin America

    With colonialism came the exploitation


    of both natural and human resources.
    Lessons from Latin America
    the terms of trade and investment in the
    contemporary world were stacked in
    favour of the developed countries as
    against the developing countries
    according to Prebisch and his followers.
    Lessons from Latin America

    Latin America’s tried to develop new,


    non-traditional primary commodity
    exports..
    Lessons from Latin America
    During economic crises, they put their
    trust in neo-liberal approaches favoring
    a free flow of trade and investment and
    reduction of role of the state as
    recommended by IMF.
    Impact of Globalization

    •Globalization has increased inequality in


    developing nations between the rich and the poor.

    •The benefit of globalization is not universal because


    it makes the rich richer and the poor poorer.
    THANK YOU!

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