C++ Lectures

CSI-302
PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS
LECTURE # 4
AL G OR I T HM: COMPAR I NG T WO NUMB E R S
1.0 start
2.0 declare n1, n2
3.0 input n1,n2
4.0 if (n1 > n2)
4.1 print "n1 is greater"
5.0 endif
6.0 if (n2 < n1)
7.0 endif
8.0 if (n1 = n2)
8.1 print "they are equal“
9.0 endif
10.0 end
2
NE ST E D I F/ E L SE SE L E CT ION ST RUCT UR E
• Nested if/else structures
• One inside another, test for multiple cases
• Once condition met, other statements skipped
3
E XAMPL E
COMPAR I NG T WO NUMB E R S W I T H NE ST E D I F - E LSE
1.0 start
2.0 declare n1, n2
3.0 input n1,n2
4.0 if (n1 > n2)
5.0 else
5.1 if (n2 < n1)
5.1.1 print "n2 is greater"
5.2 else
5.2.1 print "they are equal“
5.3 endif
6.0 endif
7.0 end
4
E XAMPL E: G R ADI NG W I T H NE ST E D I F - E L SE
if grade is greater than or equal to 90

Print “A”
else
Print “B”
else
Print “C”
else
Print “D”
else
Print “F”
5
E XAMPL E: G R ADI NG AL G OR I T HM W I T H NE ST E D I F - E L SE
if ( grade >= 90 ) then // 90 and above

Print "A"
else if ( grade >= 80 ) then // 80-89
Print "B"
Print << "C";
Print "D";
else // less than 60
Print "F";
end
6
I F- E L SE SE L E CT ION ST RUCT URE
Compound statement
• Set of statements within a block
if grade >= 60 then

Print "Passed"
else
Print "Failed"
Print "You must take this course again"
endif
7
E XAMPL E: I F - E L SE SE L E CT ION ST RUCT UR E
1.0 Declare num1

2.0 Print “Enter a number”
3.0 input num1
4.0 if num1 > 0 then
4.1 print “You entered a positive number”, num1
5.0 else if num1 < 0 then
5.1 Print “You entered a negative number” , num1
6.0 else
6.1 print “You entered 0”
7.0 endif
8.0 print “This line is always printed”
8
CL ASS ACT I V I T Y
• Write a pseudocode and draw a flowchart

• to read an employee name (NAME), overtime hours worked
(OVERTIME), hours absent (ABSENT)
• determine the bonus payment (PAYMENT)
Bonus Schedule
OVERTIME – (2/3)*ABSENT Bonus Paid
> 40 hours 5000

> 30 but  40 hours 4000
> 20 but  30 hours 3000
> 10 but  20 hours 2000
 10 hours 1000
9
L OOPI NG FL OWCH ART
While condition is true then Is No

condition
Statement(s) true?
End while Yes
Statement (s)
10
R E PE T I T ION ST RUCT UR E
• In flowcharting one of the more confusing things is to separate

selection from looping
• This is because both structures use the diamond as their control

symbol
• In pseudocode we avoid this by using specific keywords to designate

looping
WHILE / ENDWHILE
11
W H I L E / E NDW H I LE
Start
count = 0
1.0 count = 0
2.0 WHILE count < 10
2.1 ADD 1 to count No

count <10
2.2 WRITE count

Yes
Write
3.0 ENDWHILE add 1 to “The End”
count
4.0 WRITE “The End”

Stop
write count
12
E XAMPL E OF P R I NT I NG ODD NUMB E R S
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that will

• Print first 10 odd numbers starting from the number provided by the
user.
• If it is even number, then start from the next odd number if it is odd
number then start with the current number
• E.g. the user input 10 then the out put will be
• 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
• If the user input 5 then the output will be
• 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
• Hint: Use number mod 2 = 0 to determine the even number
13
AL G OR I T HM FOR P R I NT I NG 1 0 ODD NUMB E R S
1. Start
2. declare count, num
3. input num
4. if num mod 2 = 0 then
4.1 num = num + 1
5. end if
6. count = 0
7. while count < 10
7.1 print num
7.2 num = num + 2
7.3 count = count +1
8. end while
9. End
14
FL OW C H ART FOR P R I NT I NG 1 0 OD D NU MB E R S
START
1
Declare count, num

count = 0
Input num False

count < 10
False True
num mod 2 = 0
Print num
True
num = num + 2
num = num +1 count = count +1
END
15
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that do following:
• Read an employee number (EMPNO), employee name (NAME),

overtime hours worked (OVERTIME), hours absent (ABSENT) and
• Determine the bonus payment (PAYMENT) for 10 employees one by

one
Bonus Schedule
OVERTIME – (2/3)*ABSENT Bonus Paid
>40 hours 5000

>30 but  40 hours 4000
>20 but  30 hours 3000
>10 but  20 hours 2000
 10 hours 1000
16
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that will get 10 numbers

from the user and print their average.
17
CL ASS ACT I V I T Y: SQUAR E AND CUB E
• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart for a program that will
• Get one number from user
• Print its square if it is an even number
• Print its cube if it is and odd number
• The loop will run 5 times
18
• Write down an algorithm of a program that will roll two dices and
add the numbers that appear on the top. If the sum is odd and
greater than 8 the player wins one chocolate, otherwise two
chocolates. If the number is even, he/she will win an ice cream.
• Draw a flow chart as well
19
• Write down an algorithm for a program in which player will roll a

dice for 5 times and all the numbers that appear on the top will be
added. If the sum of 5 turns is divisible by 3 and odd the player wins
otherwise player loses
• Draw the flowchart for above given program
20
• Write down an algorithm for a program that takes three

numbers from the user and tells which one is the largest.
Checks if the sum is odd or even and tell the user. The program
keeps on taking three numbers from the user for 5 time.
21
• Write down a program that will take some numbers as input from
the user one by one and will tell the user which number was
maximum and minimum of all the entered numbers.
• The count of the numbers that the user is interested to compare

will be given by the user at the start of the program
22
END

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CSI-302

• Nested if/else structures

• One inside another, test for multiple cases

• Once condition met, other statements skipped

if grade is greater than or equal to 90

if ( grade >= 90 ) then // 90 and above

• Set of statements within a block

if grade >= 60 then

1.0 Declare num1

• Write a pseudocode and draw a flowchart

> 40 hours 5000

While condition is true then Is No

End while Yes

• In flowcharting one of the more confusing things is to separate

• This is because both structures use the diamond as their control

• In pseudocode we avoid this by using specific keywords to designate

2.0 WHILE count < 10

2.1 ADD 1 to count No

2.2 WRITE count

4.0 WRITE “The End”

• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that will

• Hint: Use number mod 2 = 0 to determine the even number

Declare count, num

Input num False

• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that do following:

• Read an employee number (EMPNO), employee name (NAME),

• Determine the bonus payment (PAYMENT) for 10 employees one by

>40 hours 5000

• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that will get 10 numbers

• Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart for a program that will

• Get one number from user

• Print its square if it is an even number

• Print its cube if it is and odd number

• The loop will run 5 times

• Draw a flow chart as well

• Write down an algorithm for a program in which player will roll a

• Draw the flowchart for above given program

• Write down an algorithm for a program that takes three

• The count of the numbers that the user is interested to compare

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