PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4

MIDTERM

VOLLEYBALL (Mintonette) 1895. athletes. The rules on player

positions must permit teams to have
is one of the most successful and flexibility and to create interesting
popular competitive and developments in tactics.
recreational sports in the world. It is Competitors use this framework to
fast, it is exciting and the action is contest techniques, tactics and
explosive. Yet Volleyball comprises power. The framework also allows
several crucial overlapping players a freedom of expression to
elements whose complimentary enthuse spectators and viewers.
interactions render it unique And the image of Volleyball is
amongst rally games. increasingly a good one.

VOLLEYBALL IS A COMPETITIVE THE REFEREE WITHIN THIS

SPORT FRAMEWORK
The essence of a good official lies in
Competition taps latent strengths. It the concept of fairness and
exhibits the best of ability, spirit, consistency:
creativity and aesthetics. The rules – to be fair to every participant, – to
are structured to allow all of these be viewed as fair by the spectators.
qualities. With a few exceptions, This demands a huge element of
Volleyball allows all players to trust – the referee must be trusted
operate both at the net (in attack) to allow the players to entertain:
and in the back of the court (to – by being accurate in his/her
defend or serve). judgement; – by understanding why
the rule is written; – by being an
William Morgan, the game’s creator, efficient organizer; – by allowing the
would still recognize it because competition to flow and by directing
Volleyball has retained certain it to a conclusion; – by being an
distinctive and essential elements educator – using the rules to
over the years. penalise the unfair or admonish the
Some of these it shares with other impolite; – by promoting the game –
net/ball/ racquet games: that is, by allowing the spectacular
– Service elements in the game to shine and
– Rotation (taking turns to serve) the best players to do what they do
– Attack best: entertain the public.
– Defense Finally we can say that a good
referee will use the rules to make
The introduction of a specialist the competition a fulfilling
defensive player – the Libero – has experience for all concerned.
moved the game forward in terms of To those who have read thus far,
rally length and multi-phase play. view the rules which follow as the
Modifications to the service rule current state of development of a
have changed the act of service from great game, but keep in mind why
simply a means of putting the ball in these preceding few paragraphs
play to an offensive weapon. may be of equal importance to you
The concept of rotation is in your own position within the
entrenched to allow for all-round sport.

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1.2.3 On outdoor courts a slope of 5

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT mm per metre is allowed for
PLAYING AREA The playing area drainage. Court lines made of solid
includes the playing court and the materials are forbidden.
free zone. It shall be rectangular and 1.3
symmetrical. 12
1.1, D1a, D1b PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
1.1 DIMENSIONS D2 The playing 1.3 LINES ON THE COURT D2 1.3.1
court is a rectangle measuring 18 x All lines are 5 cm wide. They must
9 m, surrounded by a free zone be of a light colour which is different
which is a minimum of 3 m wide on from the colour of the floor and
all sides. from any other lines. 1.2.2
The free playing space is the space 1.3.2 Boundary lines
above the playing area which is free Two side lines and two end lines
from any obstructions. The free mark the playing court. Both side
playing space shall measure a lines and end lines are drawn inside
minimum of 7 m in height from the the dimensions of the playing court.
playing surface. 1.1
For FIVB, World and Official 1.3.3 Centre line
Competitions, the free zone shall The axis of the centre line divides
measure 5 m from the side lines and the playing court into two equal
6.5 m from the end lines. The free courts measuring 9 x 9 m each;
playing space shall measure a however the entire width of the line
minimum of 12.5 m in height from is considered to belong to both
the playing surface. courts equally. This line extends
1.2 PLAYING SURFACE 1.2.1 The beneath the net from side line to
surface must be flat, horizontal and side line.
uniform. It must not present any D2
danger of injury to the players. It is 1.3.4 Attack line
forbidden to play on rough or On each court, an attack line, whose
slippery surfaces. rear edge is drawn 3 m back from
For FIVB, World and Official the axis of the centre line, marks the
Competitions, only a wooden or front zone.
synthetic surface is allowed. Any 1.3.3, 1.4.1
surface must be previously For FIVB, World and Official
approved by the FIVB. Competitions, the attack line is
1.2.2 On indoor courts the surface of extended by the addition of broken
the playing court must be of a light lines from the side lines, with five 15
colour. cm short lines 5 cm wide, drawn 20
For FIVB, World and Official cm from each other to a total length
Competitions, white colours are of 1.75 m. The “coach’s restriction
required for the lines. Other colours, line” (a broken line which extends
different from each other, are from the attack line to the end line
required for the playing court and of the court, parallel to the side line
the free zone. and 1.75 m from it) is composed of
1.1, 1.3 15 cm short lines drawn 20 cm

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 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4
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apart to mark the limit of the A penalty area, sized approximately

coach’s area of operation. 1 x 1 m and equipped with two
D2 chairs, is located in the control area,
1.4 ZONES AND AREAS D1b, D2 outside the prolongation of each end
1.4.1 Front zone 19.3.1.4, 23.3.2.3e, line. They may be limited by a 5 cm
D2 On each court the front zone is wide red line.
limited by the axis of the centre line 21.3.2.1, D1a, D1b
and the rear edge of the attack line. 1.5 TEMPERATURE The minimum
1.3.3, 1.3.4, 19.3.1.4, 23.3.2.3e The temperature shall not be below 10°
front zone is considered to extend C (50° F).
beyond the side lines to the end of For FIVB, World and Official
the free zone. 1.1, 1.3.2 Competitions, the maximum
1.4.2 Service zone temperature shall not be higher
The service zone is a 9 m wide area than 25° C (77° F) and the minimum
behind each end line. not lower than 16° C (61° F).
It is laterally limited by two short 1.6 LIGHTING For FIVB, World and
lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20 cm Official Competitions, the lighting on
behind the end line as an extension the playing area should be 1000 to
of the side lines. Both short lines are 1500 lux measured at 1 m above the
included in the width of the service surface of the playing area.
zone. 1
1.3.2, 12, D1b 2 NET AND POSTS D3
In depth, the service zone extends to 2.1 HEIGHT OF THE NET 2.1.1
the end of the free zone. 1.1 Placed vertically over the centre line
13OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES there is a net whose top is set at the
2017-2020 height of 2.43 m for men and 2.24 m
1.4.3 Substitution zone for women.
The substitution zone is limited by 1.3.3
the extension of both attack lines up 2.1.2 Its height is measured from the
to the scorer's table. centre of the playing court. The net
1.3.4, 15.6.1, D1b height (over the two side lines)
1.4.4 Libero Replacement zone must be exactly the same and must
The Libero Replacement zone is not exceed the official height by
part of the free zone on the side of more than 2 cm.
the team benches, limited by the 1.1, 1.3.2, 2.1.1
extension of the attack line up to the 14
end line. PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
19.3.2.7, D1b 2.2 STRUCTURE The net is 1 m wide
1.4.5 Warm-up area and 9.50 to 10 m long (with 25 to 50
For FIVB, World and Official cm on each side of the side bands),
Competitions, the warm-up areas, made of 10 cm square black mesh.
sized approximately 3 x 3 m, are D3
located in both of the benchside For FIVB, World and Official
corners, outside the free zone. Competitions, in conjunction with
24.2.5, D1a, D1b specific competition regulations, the
1.4.6 Penalty area mesh may be modified to facilitate

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 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4
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advertising according to marketing D3

agreements. For all FIVB, World and Official
At its top a horizontal band, 7 cm Competitions, the posts supporting
wide, made of two-fold white the net are placed at a distance of 1
canvas, is sewn along its full length. m outside the side lines and must be
Each extreme end of the band has a padded.
hole, through which passes a cord, 2.5.2 The posts are rounded and
fastening the band to the posts for smooth, fixed to the ground without
keeping its top taut. wires. There shall be no dangerous
Within the band, a flexible cable or obstructing devices.
fastens the net to the posts and 15OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES
keeps its top taut. 2017-2020
At the bottom of the net there is 2.6 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT All
another horizontal band, 5cm wide, additional equipment is determined
similar to the top band, through by FIVB regulations.
which is threaded a rope. This rope 3 BALLS
fastens the net to the posts and 3.1 STANDARDS The ball shall be
keeps its lower part taut. spherical, made of a flexible leather
2.3 SIDE BANDS Two white bands or synthetic leather case with a
are fastened vertically to the net and bladder inside, made of rubber or a
placed directly above each side line. similar material.
1.3.2, D3 Its colour may be a uniform light
They are 5 cm wide and 1 m long colour or a combination of colours.
and are considered as part of the Synthetic leather material and
net. colour combinations of balls used in
2.4 ANTENNAE An antenna is a international official competitions
flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm should comply with FIVB standards.
in diameter, made of fibreglass or Its circumference is 65-67 cm and
similar material. its weight is 260-280 g.
An antenna is fastened at the outer Its inside pressure shall be 0.30 to
edge of each side band. The 0.325 kg/cm2 (4.26 to 4.61 psi)
antennae are placed on opposite (294.3 to 318.82 mbar or hPa).
sides of the net. 3.2 UNIFORMITY OF BALLS All balls
used in a match must have the same
The top 80 cm of each antenna standards regarding circumference,
extends above the net and is marked weight, pressure, type, colour, etc.
with 10 cm stripes of contrasting
colour, preferably red and white. FIVB, World and Official
The antennae are considered as part Competitions, as well as National or
of the net and laterally delimit the League Championships, must be
crossing space. played with FIVB approved balls,
unless by agreement of FIVB.
2.5 POSTS 2.5.1 The posts 3.3 FIVE-BALL SYSTEM For FIVB,
supporting the net are placed at a World and Official Competitions,
distance of 0.50-1.00 m outside the five balls shall be used. In this case,
side lines. They are 2.55 m high and six ball retrievers are stationed, one
preferably adjustable.

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 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4
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at each corner of the free zone and the start of the official net warm up
one behind each referee. session.
The Official Regulations for each
PARTICIPANTS event will be found in the Specific
Competition Handbook.
TEAM COMPOSITION 4.1.1 For the D1a
match, a team may consist of up to 7.2.1
12 players, plus 4.1.2 One of the players, other than
– Coaching Staff: one coach, a the Libero, is the team captain, who
maximum of two assistant coaches, shall be indicated on the score sheet.
– Medical Staff: one team therapist 5.1, 19.1.3
and one medical doctor. 17OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES
Only those listed on the score sheet 2017-2020
may normally enter the 4.1.3 Only the players recorded on
Competition/ Control Area and take the score sheet may enter the court
part in the official warm up and in and play in the match. Once the
the match. coach and the team captain have
5.2, 5.3 signed the score sheet, (team list for
For FIVB, World and Official electronic score sheet) the recorded
competitions for Seniors: players cannot be changed.
Up to 14 players may be recorded 1, 4.1.1, 5.1.1, 5.2.2
on the score sheet and play in a 4.2 LOCATION OF THE TEAM 4.2.1
match. The players not in play should
The maximum five staff members on either sit on their team bench or be
the bench (including the coach) are in their warm-up area. The coach
chosen by the coach him/herself but and other team members sit on the
must be listed on the score sheet, bench, but may temporarily leave it.
and be registered on the O-2(bis). 1.4.5, 5.2.3, 7.3.3
The Team Manager or Team The benches for the teams are
Journalist may not sit on or behind located beside the scorer's table,
the bench in the Control Area. outside the free zone.
Any Medical doctor or team D1a, D1b
therapist used in FIVB, World and 4.2.2 Only the team composition
Official Competitions must be part members are permitted to sit on the
of the official Delegation and bench during the match and to
accredited beforehand by the FIVB. participate in the official warm-up
However, for FIVB, World and session.
Official Competitions for Seniors, if 4.1.1, 7.2
they are not included as members 4.2.3 Players not in play may warm-
on the team bench, they must sit up without balls as follows:
against the delimitation fence, 4.2.3.1 during play: in the warm-up
inside the Competition-Control Area areas; 1.4.5, 8.1, D1a, D1b 4.2.3.2
and may only intervene if invited by during time-outs and technical time-
the referees to deal with an outs: in the free zone behind their
emergency to the players. The team court. 1.3.3, 15.4
therapist (even if not on the bench) 4.2.4 During set intervals, players
may assist with the warm up until may warm-up using balls within

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 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4
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their own free zone. During the the Liberos), and/or without official
extended interval between sets 2 numbers.
and 3 (if used), players may use 19.2
their own court as well. 4.4 CHANGE OF EQUIPMENT The
18.1 1st referee may authorize one or
4.3 EQUIPMENT A player's more players: 23
equipment consists of a jersey, 4.4.1 to play barefoot;
shorts, socks (the uniform) and 4.4.2 to change wet or damaged
sport shoes. uniforms between sets or after
4.3.1 The colour and the design for substitution, provided that the
the jerseys, shorts and socks must colour, design and number of the
be uniform for the team (except for new uniform(s) are the same;
the Libero). The uniforms must be 4.3, 15.5
clean. 4.4.3 to play in training suits in cold
4.1, 19.2 weather, provided that they are of
4.3.2 The shoes must be light and the same colour and design for the
pliable with rubber or composite whole team (except for the Liberos)
soles without heels. and numbered according to Rule
4.3.3 Players' jerseys must be 4.3.3.
numbered from 1 to 20. 4.1.1, 19.2
In FIVB, World and Official 4.5 FORBIDDEN OBJECTS 4.5.1 It is
Competitions for Seniors, where forbidden to wear objects which
larger playing squads are used, may cause injury or give an artificial
numbers may be extended. advantage to the player.
4.3.3.2 4.5.2 Players may wear glasses or
4.3.3.1 The number must be placed lenses at their own risk.
on the jersey at the centre of the 4.5.3 Compression pads (padded
front and of the back. The colour injury protection devices) may be
and brightness of the numbers must worn for protection or support.
contrast with the colour and For FIVB, World and Official
brightness of the jerseys. competitions for Seniors, these
4.3.3.2 The number must be a devices must be of the same colour
minimum of 15 cm in height on the as the corresponding part of the
chest, and a minimum of 20 cm in uniform. Black, white or neutral
height on the back. The stripe colours may also be used.
forming the numbers shall be a 5 TEAM LEADERS Both the team
minimum of 2 cm in width. captain and the coach are
18 responsible for the conduct and
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME discipline of their team members.
4.3.4 The team captain must have on 20
his/her jersey a stripe of 8 x 2 cm The Liberos cannot be either team
underlining the number on the or game captain.
chest. 5.1 CAPTAIN 5.1.1 PRIOR TO THE
5.1 MATCH, the team captain signs the
4.3.5 It is forbidden to wear score sheet and represents his/her
uniforms of a colour different from team in the toss.
that of the other players (except for 7.1, 25.2.1.1

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5.1.2 DURING THE MATCH and 5.1.3.2 may, when it has been
while on the court, the team captain notified in due time to the 1st
is the game captain. When the team referee, confirm and record on the
captain is not on the court, the coach score sheet an official protest
or the team captain must assign regarding the referee’s application
another player on the court, but not or interpretation of the rules.
the Libero, to assume the role of 5.1.2.1, 25.2.3.2
game captain. This game captain 5.2 COACH 5.2.1 Throughout the
maintains his/her responsibilities match, the coach conducts the play
until he/she is substituted, or the of his/her team from outside the
team captain returns to play, or the playing court. He/she selects the
set ends. starting line-ups, the substitutes,
15.2.1 and takes time-outs. In these
19OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES functions his/her contacting official
2017-2020 is the 2nd referee.
When the ball is out of play, only the 1.1, 7.3.2, 15.4.1, 15.5.2
game captain is authorized to speak 5.2.2 PRIOR TO THE MATCH, the
to the referees: coach records or checks the names
8.2 and numbers of his/her players on
5.1.2.1 to ask for an explanation on the score sheet team roster, and
the application or interpretation of then signs it.
the Rules, and also to submit the 4.1, 19.1.3, 25.2.1.1
requests or questions of his/her 5.2.3 DURING THE MATCH, the
teammates. If the game captain does coach:
not agree with the explanation of 5.2.3.1 prior to each set, gives the
the 1st referee, he/she may choose 2nd referee or the scorer the line-up
to protest against such decision and sheet(s) duly filled in and signed;
immediately indicates to the 1st 7.3.2, 7.4, 7.6
referee that he/she reserves the 5.2.3.2 sits on the team bench
right to record an official protest on nearest to the scorer, but may leave
the score sheet at the end of the it; 4.2
match; 5.2.3.3 requests time-outs and
23.2.4 substitutions; 15.4, 15.5
5.1.2.2 to ask authorization: a) to 5.2.3.4 may, as well as other team
change all or part of the equipment, members, give instructions to the
4.3, 4.4.2 b) to verify the positions of players on the court. The coach may
the teams, 7.4, 7.6 c) to check the give these instructions while
floor, the net, the ball, etc.; 1.2, 2, 3 standing or walking within the free
5.1.2.3 in the absence of the coach to zone in front of his/her team’s
request time-outs and substitutions. bench from the extension of the
15.3.1, 15.4.1, 15.5.2 5.1.3 AT THE attack line up to the warm-up area,
END OF THE MATCH, the team without disturbing or delaying the
captain: 6.3 match.
5.1.3.1 thanks the referees and signs 1.3.4, 1.4.5, D1a, D1b, D2
the score sheet to ratify the result; For FIVB, World and Official
25.2.3.3 Competitions, the coach is restricted
to performing his/her function from

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behind the coach’s restriction line

throughout the entire match.
D1a, D1b, D2
20
PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME
5.3 ASSISTANT COACH 5.3.1 The
assistant coach sits on the team
bench, but has no right to intervene
in the match.
5.3.2 Should the coach have to leave
his/her team for any reason
including sanction, but excluding
entering the court as a player, an
assistant coach may assume the
coach's functions for the duration of
the absence, once confirmed to the
referee by the game captain

During the game of Volleyball, which of these

is not considered as fault?

A. Dig
B. Double Hit
C. Foot Fault
D. Touching the net

In conducting the proper way of serving the ball

during the game, which of these is not a form of
volleyball serve?

A. Floater Serve
B. Overhand Serve
C. Tandem Serve
D. Underhand Serve

In a volleyball court, it is known as the back boundary

of the court A.K.A “end line”.

A. Back row line

B. Baseline
C. Centerline
D. Edge Line

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The referee that carries his/her responsibilities from a
position standing located at the opposite end of the
net from the scorekeeper table.

A. Referee 1
B. Referee 2
C. Score Keeper
Watcher

KINDLY REVIEW THE COURT OF THE

VOLLEYBALL.

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