Artificial Intelligence

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TOPICS
What is AI?
Types of AI
Domains of AI
Branches of AI
Applications of AI
Sustainable Development Goals

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 Introduction to AI

What is Intelligence?
• Humans have been developing machines which can make their lives easier. Machines
are made with an intent of accomplishing tasks which are either too tedious for humans
or are time consuming.
• Hence, machines help us by working for us, thereby sharing our load and making it
easier for us to fulfil such goals.
• Life without machines today is unimaginable, and because of this, humans have been
putting efforts into making them even more sophisticated and smart.
• Smartphone today different from the telephones we had in the last century. Our
phones can help us connect with like-minded people, make our selfies fun with face
filters, help us maintain a record of our health and fitness and a lot more.
• These drastic technological advancements lead us to recognize one key concept: the
concept of Artificial Intelligence.
 Introduction to AI

What is Intelligence?
• Humans have been developing machines which can make their lives easier. Machines
are made with an intent of accomplishing tasks which are either too tedious for humans
or are time consuming.
• Hence, machines help us by working for us, thereby sharing our load and making it
easier for us to fulfil such goals.
• Life without machines today is unimaginable, and because of this, humans have been
putting efforts into making them even more sophisticated and smart.
• Smartphone today different from the telephones we had in the last century. Our
phones can help us connect with like-minded people, make our selfies fun with face
filters, help us maintain a record of our health and fitness and a lot more.
• These drastic technological advancements lead us to recognize one key concept: the
concept of Artificial Intelligence.
 PLEASE
WRITE

What is Artificial Intelligence?

• Artificial is something which is
man-made, which does not occur
naturally.
• Intelligence is the ‘ability to
perceive or infer information, and
to retain it as knowledge to be
applied towards adaptive
behaviours within an
environment or context.’
 PLEASE
What is Artificial Intelligence? WRITE

• The abilities that are involved in intelligence are:

Intelligence means:
• Ability to interact with the real world
To perceive, understand and act
▪ Example: Speech Recognition – Understanding and
synthesis
▪ Example: Image Recognition
▪ Example: Ability to take action: to have an effect
Intelligence means:
• Reasoning and planning
Modelling the external world, given input
▪ Solving new problems, planning and making decisions
▪ Ability to deal with unexpected problems, uncertainties
Intelligence means:
• Learning and adaptation
Continuous learning and adapting graph
▪ Our internal models are always being updated
▪ Example: Baby learning to categorize and recognise
animals
 Decision Making

Decision making is a crucial part of intelligence.

How do you make decisions?

• The basis of decision making depends upon the availability of information and how
we experience and understand it.
• ‘information’ includes our past experience, intuition, knowledge, and self-
awareness.
• We can’t make “good” decisions without information because then we have to
deal with unknown factors and face uncertainty, which leads us to make wild
guesses, flipping coins, or rolling a dice.
• Having knowledge, experience, or insights given a certain situation, helps us
visualize what the outcomes could be and how we can achieve/avoid those
outcomes
 Decision Making
Scenario 1
You are locked inside a room with 3 doors to move out of the locked room and you need
to find a safe door to get your way out. Behind the 1st door is a lake with a deadly shark.
The 2nd door has a mad psychopath ready to kill with a weapon and the third one has a
lion that has not eaten since the last 2 months. Which door would you choose? and Why?
 Decision Making

Scenario 2
Aarti invited four of her friends to her House. They hadn't seen each other in a long
time, so they chatted all night long and had a good time. In the morning, two of the
friends Aarti had invited, died. The police arrived at the house and found that both the
friends were poisoned and that the poison was in the strawberry pie. The three
surviving friends told the police that they hadn't eaten the pie. The police asked," Why
didn’t you eat the pie ?". Shiv said, " I am allergic to strawberries.". Seema said, " I am
on a diet." And Aarti said, "I ate too many strawberries while cooking the pie, I just
didn't want anymore."
The policemen looked at the pictures of the party and immediately identified the
murderer.
 Decision Making
Look at the picture and identify who is the murderer? Also state why do you think this is
the murderer?
 Artificial Intelligence

What is Artificial Intelligence?

• When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits,
i.e., make decisions, predict the future, learn and improve on its
own, it is said to have artificial intelligence.
• a machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish tasks
by itself - collect data, understand it, analyse it, learn from it,
and improve it.
 Artificial Intelligence

How do machines become Artificially Intelligent?

• Humans become more and more intelligent with time as they gain experiences during
their lives.
• Similarly, machines also become intelligent once they are trained with some
information which helps them achieve their tasks.
• AI machines also keep updating their knowledge to optimise their output.
 What is AI?

Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science which deals with helping

machines find solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion”
“AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking,
perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making. Initially
conceived as a technology that could mimic human intelligence”
Artificial Intelligence can also be defined as the development of computer
systems that are capable of performing tasks that require human
intelligence, such as decision making, object detection, solving complex
problems and so on.
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 Applications of Artificial Intelligence around us
 Google always responds to us with accurate answers in a matter of seconds & it also
suggests and auto-corrects our typed sentences.
 Pocket assistants can do a lot of tasks at just one command. Alexa, Google Assistant,
Cortana, Siri are some very common examples of the voice assistants which are a major
part of our digital devices.
 Apps like UBER and Google Maps help us navigate to places.
 A lot of games nowadays are backed up with AI which helps in enhancing the graphics,
come up with new difficulty levels, encourage gamers, etc.
 AI has not only made our lives easier but has also been taking care of our habits, likes, and
dislikes. This is why platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc. show us
recommendations on the basis of what we like.
 AI is also being used to monitor our health. A lot of chatbots and other health apps are
available.
 Other applications are humanoids like Sophia, the very first humanoid robot sophisticated
enough to get citizenship, biometric security systems like the face locks we have in our
phones, real-time language translators, weather forecasts etc.
 What is not AI?

Any machine that has been trained with data and can make decisions/predictions on its
own can be termed as AI. Here, the term ‘training’ is important.
• A fully automatic washing machine can work on its own, but it requires human
intervention to select the parameters of washing and to do the necessary preparation
for it to function correctly before each wash, which makes it an example of
automation, not AI.
• An air conditioner can be turned on and off remotely with the help of internet but
still needs a human touch. This is an example of Internet of Things (IoT).
• These other technologies too can be integrated with AI to provide the users with a
much better and immersive experience
Types Of Learning In Artificial Intelligence

1.Artificial Narrow Intelligence

2.Artificial General Intelligence
3.Artificial Super Intelligence

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Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
Also known as Weak AI, ANI is the stage
of Artificial Intelligence involving machines
that can perform only a narrowly defined
set of specific tasks. At this stage, the
machine does not possess any thinking
ability, it just performs a set of pre-defined
functions.
Examples of Weak AI include Siri, Alexa,
Self-driving cars, Alpha-Go, Sophia the
humanoid and so on. Almost all the AI-
based systems built till this date fall under
the category of Weak AI.

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Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
Also known as Strong AI, AGI is the stage
in the evolution of Artificial Intelligence
wherein machines will possess the ability
to think and make decisions just like us
humans.
There are currently no existing examples
of Strong AI, however, it is believed that
we will soon be able to create machines
that are as smart as humans.

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Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)
Artificial Super Intelligence is the stage of
Artificial Intelligence when the capability of
computers will surpass human beings.
ASI is currently a hypothetical situation as
depicted in movies and science fiction
books, where machines have taken over
the world.

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Three Domains of Artificial Intelligence
The three domains of AI are
1. Data
2. Computer Vision
3. Natural Language Processing

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 Branches of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence can be used to solve real-world problems by
implementing the following processes/ techniques:
1.Machine Learning
2.Deep Learning
3.Natural Language Processing
4.Robotics
5.Expert Systems
6.Fuzzy Logic

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Machine Learning
Machine Learning is the science of getting machines to
interpret, process and analyze data in order to solve real-world
problems.
Under Machine Learning there are three categories:
1.Supervised Learning
2.Unsupervised Learning
3.Reinforcement Learning

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 Supervised Machine Learning
Supervised learning is the types of machine learning in which machines are trained
using well "labelled" training data, and on basis of that data, machines predict the
output.

The labelled data means some input data is already tagged with the correct output.
 Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Models are trained using unlabeled dataset and are allowed to act on that
data without any supervision.
• Models itself find the hidden patterns and insights from the given data.
• It can be compared to learning which takes place in the human brain while
learning new things.
 Reinforcement learning

• Taking suitable action to maximize reward in a particular situation

• In supervised learning the training data has the answer key with it so the model is
trained with the correct answer itself whereas in reinforcement learning, there is
no answer but the reinforcement agent decides what to do to perform the given
task

• An Example of a baby is given a TV remote control at your home (environment).

 Deep Learning
Deep Learning is the process of implementing
Neural Networks on high dimensional data to
gain insights and form solutions.
Deep Learning is an advanced field of Machine
Learning that can be used to solve more
advanced problems.
Deep Learning is the logic behind the face
verification algorithm on Facebook, self-driving
cars, virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa and so on.

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Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing, usually shortened as
NLP, is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals
with the interaction between computers and humans
using the natural language. The ultimate objective of
NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make
sense of the human languages in a manner that is
valuable.

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Natural Language Processing

Natural Language Processing (NLP) refers to the science of

drawing insights from natural human language in order to
communicate with machines and grow businesses.
Twitter uses NLP to filter out terroristic language in their tweets,
Amazon uses NLP to understand customer reviews and
improve user experience.

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Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing is the driving force behind the following common
applications:
 Language translation applications such as Google Translate
 Word Processors such as Microsoft Word and Grammarly that employ NLP to
check grammatical accuracy of texts.
 Interactive Voice Response (IVR) applications used in call centers to respond
to certain users’ requests.
 Personal assistant applications such as OK Google, Siri, Cortana, and Alexa.
 Most NLP techniques rely on machine learning to derive meaning from human
languages.

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 Robotics

Robotics is a branch of Artificial Intelligence which focuses on

different branches and application of robots. AI Robots are
artificial agents acting in a real-world environment to produce
results by taking accountable actions.
Sophia the humanoid is a good example of AI in robotics.
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 Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy logic is a computing approach based on the principles of

“degrees of truth” instead of the usual modern computer logic
i.e. boolean in nature.
Fuzzy logic is used in the medical fields to solve complex
problems that involve decision making. They are also used in
automatic gearboxes, vehicle environment control and so on.

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 Expert Systems
An expert system is an AI-based computer system that learns
and reciprocates the decision-making ability of a human expert.
Expert systems use if-then logical notations to solve complex
problems. It does not rely on conventional procedural
programming. Expert systems are mainly used in information
management, medical facilities, loan analysis, virus detection
and so on.
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 AI in our Daily life
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made it possible for machines to learn from
experience and grow to perform human-like tasks. A lot of flashy examples of
Artificial Intelligence you hear about like Self Driving Cars, Chess Playing
Computers rely heavily on Deep Learning and Natural Language
Processing. Using these technologies, computers can be trained to accomplish
specific tasks by processing large amounts of data and recognizing patterns in
the data.

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 Speech Recognition
AI for Speech Recognition – Current Companies, Technology, and Trends. ...
Speech recognition is technology that can recognize spoken words, which can
then be converted to text.
A subset of speech recognition is voice recognition, which is the technology
for identifying a person based on their voice.

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 Machine Translation

Machine Translation. "Machine translation (MT) is the application of

computers to the task of translating texts from one natural language to
another.

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Facial Recognition and Automatic Tagging
Face recognition is used to analyze the photos and videos think you're in on
Facebook, such as your profile picture and photos and videos that you’ve been
tagged in, to make a unique number for you, called a template. When you turn
your face recognition setting on,it create your template and use it to compare to
other photos, videos and other places where the camera is used (like live video)
to recognize if you appear in that content. Keep in mind, we don't share your
template with anyone.

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Virtual Personal Assistants
Virtual assistants use natural language processing (NLP) to match user text or
voice input to executable commands. Many continually learn using artificial
intelligence techniques including machine learning. To activate a virtual
assistant using the voice, a wake word might be used.

https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/20/11721278/google-ai-assistant-name-vs-alexa-siri 44
Self Driving Car
A self-driving car (sometimes called an autonomous car or driverless car)
is a vehicle that uses a combination of sensors, cameras, radar
and artificial intelligence (AI) to travel between destinations without a
human operator.

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Chatbots
A chatbot is a computer program that simulates
human conversation through voice commands or text chats or
both. Chatbot, short for chatterbot, is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) feature
that can be embedded and used through any major messaging
applications
https://web.njit.edu/~ronkowit/eliza.html

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Speech to text
Google cloud Speech –to-text enables developers to convert audio to text by
applying powerful neural network models in an easy-to-use API. The API
recognizes 120 languages and variants to support your global user base. You
can enable voice command- and –control, transcribe audio from
Call centers and more. It can process real-time streaming or prerecorded audio,
using Google’s machine learning technology.

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Text to Speech
Google cloud text-to-speech converts text into human –like speech in more than
180 voices across 30+ languages and variants. It applies groundbreaking
research in speech synthesis(WaveNet) and googles powerful neural networks
to deliver high fidelity audio. With this easy-it-use API. You can create life like
interaction with your users that transform customer service, device interaction
and other application

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 Example Application..
• Link for Game 1 (Rock, Paper and Scissors):
• https://www.afiniti.com/corporate/rock-paper-scissors
• Link for Game 2 (Mystery Animal):
https://experiments.withgoogle.com/mystery-animal
• Link for Game 3 (Emoji Scavenger Hunt):
https://emojiscavengerhunt.withgoogle.com/
• Link for Smart cities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRMiKt81nAE
• Link for Smart cities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CajaUoI3vU
Sustainable Development Goals

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