Lesson 5

Lesson 5 (Week 7-8):
ANALOGY
Content Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of: Philippine literature during the
Period of Apprenticeship as a means of examining conflicts; various purposeful
listening and viewing strategies; difference between literal and figurative
language; ways to extract and condense information based on library sources;
verbal and non-verbal cues in oral communication; and types of phrases,
clauses, and sentences.
Performance The learner transfers learning by: resolving conflicts presented in literary
Standard selections; using tools and mechanisms in locating library resources; extracting
information and noting details from texts to write a précis, summary, or
paraphrase; distinguishing between and using literal and figurative language
and verbal and non-verbal cues; use phrases, clauses, and sentences
meaningfully and appropriately.
Learning The learners… Codes

Competencies
1) Use analogy to describe or make a point.
Specific Learning At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
Outcomes 1) identify which of the statements below are true about analogy;
2) read, examine and classify each sentence; and

3) write a short essay about any of the topics listed.
INTRODUCTION
When describing something, we often resort to making comparisons to
establish a clearer idea of what we are trying to describe or explain. There are many
types of comparisons in the English language including the use of figures of speech
like simile and metaphor. This lesson focuses on the use of other rhetorical devices
like analogy in comparing things in order to describe or make a point.
What can you say about a tree? Can a tree be associated to life?
1
How will you relate life to a tree? Give at least five (5) concepts that will show the
relationship between the two. Present your answers to your parents and/or guardians. Ask
them to share their opinions about your answers
PRE-ACTIVITY
Learning Task 1: Read, examine and classify each sentence below as to SIMILE,
METAPHOR or ANALOGY. Write your answers in your notebook.
1. He is as thin as a stick.
2. “Life is like a bag of candies—you never know what you’re going to get.”
3. Life is a wonderful journey.

4. This problem is a death sentence.
5. Teaching students requires the same passion you would give to plants
in a garden. Nurture them, care for them, let them experience both
light and dark. Soon, they will grow and bloom like you expect them
to be.
6. Her smile beams like the sun.
ANALYSIS
Learning Task 2: Identify which of the statements below are true about analogy.
In your notebook, write GO if the statement is correct and NO if it says otherwise.
1. Analogy can show comparisons between unrelated things.

2. Analogy is just another term for simile.
3. Analogy can be used to explain a point.
4. Some analogies compare relationships.
5. Analogy can be used to describe unfamiliar concepts.
DISCUSSION
ANALOGY
Comparing objects or ideas is a common practice especially when writing. While
there are many types of comparisons that one can make through usual figures of
speech like simile and metaphor, there are also literary techniques or devices that can
show and provide a more detailed comparison of things and ideas. One example of
these techniques is the use of analogy.
2
An analogy is a literary technique that involves comparison of how two things are alike,
but with the ultimate goal of making a point about this comparison.
Although often quite similar or related with simile and metaphor, an analogy is
not a figure of speech. It is a rhetorical device used to make rational arguments and
support ideas by showing connections and comparisons between unlike things.
The main function of analogy is not just to show, but also to explain or justify.
Meanwhile, figures of speech like simile or metaphor only aim to show without
providing clear descriptions or explanations. As such, analogy is more complex in
nature than figures of speech.
Take a look at how simile, metaphor and analogy differ from each other through
these examples:
Simile: Life is like a tree.

Metaphor: Life is a tree.
Analogy: Life is just like a tree---it starts from a seedling that grows
into a full-grown tree that has trunk and branches that make
itself strong, and bears wonderful fruits.
Generally, there are two types of analogies commonly employed in writing.
1. Analogies that identify identical relationships. This type of analogy takes

the form “A is to B as C is to D,” and is often used to directly illustrate similar
relationships between two pairs of words, often for the purpose of logical argument.
Example: English : language :: Mathematics : arithmetic
The example above vividly shows the connection between English and
language and Mathematics and arithmetic. English is basically a subject that
focuses on language while Mathematics deals primarily with arithmetic or
numbers.
2. Analogies that identify shared abstraction. This form of analogy compares

two things or concepts that are technically unrelated in order to establish a connection
between a characteristic that they share. This type is common and useful in writing
because it can make abstract ideas and concepts more concrete.
Example: “What soldiers do for the country, white blood cells do inside the
body.”
In the given example, the abstract concept of how white blood cells function
in the body is made clear by explaining that they protect everything inside like
how soldiers perform their sworn duty to protect their country.
In writing, analogies play the function of making abstract concepts more

concrete, adding depth and feeling to an image, and describing and making a
point to establish an argument
APPLICATION
3
Learning Task 3: Using available resources like books or magazines, look for at
least five (5) examples of analogies that identify shared abstraction to describe or
make a point. Write your answers in your notebook.
Note: If you have a way to connect to the Internet, you may also look for examples in web pages.
1. ____________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________
Learning Task 4: Complete the table below by providing an analogy for each of the
given topics/situations. Do this in your notebook.
Given Situation My Own Analogy
Holding Classes Online
Keeping the Family Safe from COVID-19
Buying Essential Goods during the

Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ)
POST-ACTIVITY
Learning Task 5: In your notebook, write a short essay about any of the topics
listed below. Make sure to use analogies in describing or establishing your points.
a. The Coronavirus Pandemic in the Eyes of a Teenager

b. Being Kind Towards Others in Times of Great Need
c. Keeping the Faith in the Midst of Problems
Learning Task 6:
Learning about how analogies are different from other types of comparisons
used in English can be confusing. It is important for you to understand how each
type of comparison aims to function in sentences and larger units of discourse.
To check your comprehension of the discussions and examples provided,

complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with the missing terms. Choose
your answers from the options provided below. Write your answers in your notebook.
4
shared abstraction abstract
concrete figure of speech
similarities shared
simile analogies
rhetorical device identical relationships
unrelated
1-2. Analogy is different from simile and metaphor because it is a

rather than a .
3-4. Generally, analogies are clustered into two types. These are analogies that
identify and analogies that identify .
5-6. In writing, analogy can make an concept more

by providing a more detailed description or explanation.
7-8. work by describing or explaining one thing by

examining its with another thing.
9-10. Analogy as a literary technique compares two objects in

terms of their qualities.
REFERENCE
PIVOT 4A Learner’s Material

Quarter 2
First Edition, 2020

Lesson 5

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Lesson 5 (Week 7-8):

Learning The learners… Codes

2) read, examine and classify each sentence; and

3. Life is a wonderful journey.

In your notebook, write GO if the statement is correct and NO if it says otherwise.

1. Analogy can show comparisons between unrelated things.

Simile: Life is like a tree.

1. Analogies that identify identical relationships. This type of analogy takes

Example: English : language :: Mathematics : arithmetic

2. Analogies that identify shared abstraction. This form of analogy compares

In writing, analogies play the function of making abstract concepts more

Given Situation My Own Analogy

Holding Classes Online

Keeping the Family Safe from COVID-19

Buying Essential Goods during the

a. The Coronavirus Pandemic in the Eyes of a Teenager

To check your comprehension of the discussions and examples provided,

1-2. Analogy is different from simile and metaphor because it is a

5-6. In writing, analogy can make an concept more

7-8. work by describing or explaining one thing by

9-10. Analogy as a literary technique compares two objects in

PIVOT 4A Learner’s Material

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