K. K.

Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik

(Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)

Internship Report
Arkin Ventures Private Limited

By

Rohan Santosh Wasu

Roll No.56
T.E. Electrical Engineering (Div-B)

Under Guidance of
Mr.Kishor.S.Salunke
(Supervisor, Arkin Ventures Private Limited )

and

Prof.P.M.Vyavahare
(Assistant professor )
Department of Electrical Engineering

Academic Year: 2021-22

1
 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik
(SavitribaiPhule Pune University, Pune)

Certificate

Certified that Internship Report entitled “Arkin

Ventures Private Limited” submitted by “Rohan
Santosh Wasu” of T.E. Electrical Engineering (Div-B) for the work completed at “Arkin
Ventures Private Limited address is C-22 MIDC, Amdad,Nashik MH 422001” is
approved by us for submission. It is also certified that, to the best of my knowledge, the
report represents actual work carried out by the student at the industry, company or firm.

Prof. P.M.Vyavahare Mr.Kishor.S.Salunke

Internship External Guide
Internship Internal Guide
Designation: Supervisor
Name of Industry: Arkin Ventures
Department of Electrical Engineering
Private Limited

Dr. R.K. Munje Prof. Dr. K. N. Nandurkar

Professor & I/C Head Principal
Department of Electrical K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering
Engineering Education & Research, Nasik

Certificate of Internship
(Clear screenshot of the ionternship certificate or separate page of the certificate)

i
ii
 Acknowledgement
First I would like to thank Mr.Kishor.S.Salunke, Supervisor in Arkin Ventures Private
Limited for giving me the opportunity to do an internship within the organization.
I also would like all the people that worked along with me at Supervisor in Arkin Ventures
Private Limited with their patience and openness they created an enjoyable working
environment. It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense sense of gratitude that I
acknowledge the help of these individuals.
I am highly indebted to Mr.Kishor.S.Salunke, for the extending support to accomplish this
internship. I would like to thank my Prof. P.M.Vyavahare and Dr. R.K.Munje for their
guidance throughout my internship.
I would like to thank Dr. K. N. Nandurkar, Principal for his support and advices to complete
internship in above said organization.
I am extremely great full to my department staff members and friends who helped me in
successful completion of this internship.

Rohan Santosh Wasu

T.E Electrical Engineering (Div:B)
Roll No. : 56

iii
 Declaration
This is to certify, that the Internship report submitted by me is an outcome of my independent
and original work completed at Arkin Ventures Private Limited. I have duly acknowledged
all the sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. The Internship report is
free from any plagiarism and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.

Rohan Santosh Wasu

T.E Electrical Engineering (Div:B)
Roll No: 56

Date:
Place: Nashik

iv
 Abstract
Two weeks internship has been completed at ‘Arkin Ventures Private Limited’ in offline
manner to study assembling and testing of plc panel
Industrial internship means you work as a staff and environment like a professional
Industrial, you gain experience in Industrial internship and learn many things after complete
your internship. Company Provide Experience letter, This internship provides by both
government organizations and the private sector. The Industrial internship indicates to a
program which aims to provide a managed good practical internship within a particular time
frame. Industrial internship offers the students with important practical knowledge and skills
and encourages them in becoming a successful and best professional engineer.

The main objectives of the industrial internship are to provide the best and relevant
theoretical knowledge to gain in a particular time period. This internship is provided by both
government organizations and in the private sector. Industrial internship offers the students
with important practical knowledge and skills and encourages them in becoming a successful
and best professional engineer. Students complete their industrial internship during minimum
period of 4 and 5 weeks and pass the training assessment in order to graduate. It provides the
liability for real life work and internships to choose the career options with different work
environments and publicity to the latest technologies that are currently being used by an
important and relevant industry, etc.

Key Words: Assembling, Testing, PLC Panel, Internship, Knowledge, Work

v
 Table of Contents
Certificate i
Certificate of Internship ii
Acknowledgement iii
Declaration iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Figures vii
Abbreviations Vii
Chapter 1 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Objectives 1
1.3 Organization of the Internship Report 1
Chapter 2 2
Overview of the Company/Industry/Organization 2
2.1 Introduction 2
2.2 Brief History 2
2.3 Brief Overview 2
2.4 About Internship 2
Chapter 3 9
Problem Studied by you 9
3.1 Introduction 9
3.2 System Studied 11
3.3 Conclusion 11
Chapter 4 12
Results and Discussions/ Analysis 12
4.1 Introduction 12
4.2 Results/Discussions/Analysis 12
Chapter 5 19
Conclusion and Future Scope 19
5.1 Conclusion 19
5.2 Future Scope 19
References 20
Appendix 21

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 List of Figures

n Name of figure Page

o no
1 Tools box 9
2 Enclosure 12
3 Back Panel, DIN Rails, Wiring Ducts 13
4 Main Circuit Breaker 14
5 Surge Arrester 14
6 Transformer and 24-Volt Power Supply 15
7 Terminal Block 15
8 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) 16
9 Relays and Contactors 17
1 Network Switch 18
0
1 Human Machine Interface (HMI) 18
1

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viii
 Abbreviations

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

SCCR Short Circuit Current Rating
CIN Corporate Identification Number
AC Alternating Current
ACDB Alternating Current Distribution Board
DC Direct Current
CSA Canadian Standards Association
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission (

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 Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Control Panel and cabinet design is fundamental in allowing the user to interact efficiently
with the industrial process right on the front line. Industrial control panels consist of power
circuits or control circuits (or both) which provide signals that direct the performance of
machinery or equipment. Industrial control panels don’t include the main power, nor do they
include the controlled equipment; rather, the panel is mounted on a back panel (or subpanel)
or in an enclosure, depending on the application.
The control panels are enclosures fabricated out of sheet metal which can be open, semi
enclosed or totally enclosed type. They direct and control electric power to equipment and
appliances. A control panel is a flat, often vertical, area where control or monitoring
instruments are displayed or it is an enclosed unit that is the part of a system that users can
access, as the control panel of a security system (also called control unit).
The electrical control panel is an essential item in industrial electrification. It regulates the
function of the electrical equipment. Electrical panels fitted with necessary relays are also
used to protect electrical equipment from being damaged due to short circuit and overloading.
Furthermore, the control panels are enclosures fabricated out of sheet metal. It is open type,
semi enclosed or totally enclosed type. In addition, they indicate the parameters like voltage,
current, frequency & PF on the face of the panel. Also, they can regulate the power supply
with the help of switches/circuit breakers.

1.2 Objectives
 Internships are generally thought of to be reserved for college students looking to gain
experience in a particular field. However, a wide array of people can benefit from
Training Internships in order to receive real world experience and develop their skills.
 An objective interest in learning more
 Internships are utilized in a number of different career fields, including architecture,
engineering, healthcare, economics, advertising and many more.
 for this position should emphasize the skills you already possess in the area and your
 Some internship is used to allow individuals to perform scientific research while
others are specifically designed to allow people to gain first-hand experience working.
 Utilizing internships is a great way to build your resume and develop skills that can be
Emphasized in your resume for future jobs. When you are applying for a Training
Internship, make sure to highlight any special skills or talents that can make you stand
apart from the rest of the applicants so that you have an improved chance of landing
the position.

1.3 Organization of the Internship Report

The internship report is organized as follows.
Chapter 1 gives the introduction to the internship. Also, it states the objectives of the
internship. Chapter 2 provides the information of the industry/organization where the
internship is completed. Chapter 3 presents the learning acquired during the internship.
Chapter 4 provides the recommendations and suggestions/results of the work completed
during the internship. The conclusion and the further scope are given in Chapter 5.

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 Chapter 2
Overview of the Company
2.1 Introduction
Arkin Ventures Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 14 October 2008. It is classified
as Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Mumbai. Its authorized
share capital is Rs. 5,000,000 and its paid up capital is Rs. 500,000. It is inolved in
Manufacture of led lights and other products
Arkin Ventures Private Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on 30
December 2020 and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance
sheet was last filed on 31 March 2020.
Directors of Arkin Ventures Private Limited are Rohan Suresh Kapadia, Aradhana Suresh
Kapadia and .
Arkin Ventures Private Limited's Corporate Identification Number is (CIN)
U15400MH2008PTC187525 and its registration number is 187525.Its Email address is
arkinworks@gmail.com and its registered address is C-22 MIDC, Amdad,Nashik MH
422001

2.2 About Internship

In this company I worked on control panels. I worked in production department.
Mr.Kishor.S.Salunke, was supervisor of company under there guidance we learned lots of
thinks. My internship duration is 4-5 weeks, every day I gone there at 9 am 4 hours daily. In
this internship I made 2 control panels for company Industrial control panels consist of power
circuits or control circuits (or both) which provide signals that direct the performance of
machinery or equipment. Industrial control panels don’t include the main power, nor do they
include the controlled equipment; rather, the panel is mounted on a back panel (or subpanel)
or in an enclosure, depending on the application. Industrial control panel design begins with
weighing design requirements and specifications and preparing schematics, but the design
process can be quite complex in order to ensure that all applicable regulatory standards and
safety requirements are met.
We’ve created this guide to provide an overview of the key design considerations applicable
to industrial control panel design, including schematics, relevant regulatory standards, and
design considerations relating to every facet of effective control panel design for industrial
equipment and machinery.

Industrial Control Panel Design – Schematics

Control panel design for industrial equipment and machinery is an important undertaking,
resulting in an interface designed to control a machine or process. It’s not a simple matter of
selecting an appropriate enclosure and a back panel that houses the electrical hardware. So,
the proper hardware must be mounted on a back panel and properly wired and integrated into
the machine – any improper configuration can result in malfunctioning machinery, but it’s
also likely to pose an unnecessary risk to operators.

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The process should always begin with an evaluation of the specifications, requirements, and
regulatory standards. After these considerations are evaluated, drawings are created to outline
the specific configuration of wiring, circuits, controls, and every other aspect of the final
control panel. Good design addresses both the electrical and physical requirements. These
drawings should include:

 Functional diagram
 I/O (Input/Output) diagram
 Power distribution
 Control cabinet and back panel layouts
 Bill of materials
Because there are so many elements in a proper schematic, a table of contents is also
recommended. The schematic is the foundation for the subsequent development of an
industrial control panel.
Regulatory Standards Related to Industrial Control Panel Design
Despite many Code cycles, many industrial control panels are still not compliant with the
regulatory standards which are accepted industry-wide. Compliance, however, is critical for
ensuring minimal safety risks associated with installing and operating industrial equipment
and machinery.

Below is an overview of the most prominent regulations applicable to the design,

manufacture, and installation of industrial control panels. Like all regulatory standards,
industrial control panel standards are subject to change over time, and in fact, one of the most
relevant standards, UL 508, has recently been phased out and replaced by an updated,
harmonized international standard. Because of the changing nature of regulatory standards,
it’s important to stay up-to-date on current requirements.

NEC
The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a widely-accepted standard for the safe
installation of electrical equipment and wiring. The NEC is adopted by state or by region to
standardize the enforcement of safe electrical practices. Article 409 covers industrial control
panels and applies to panels intended for general use at 600 volts or less, in ordinary
locations. Industrial Control Panel Design Regulatory Standards

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Article 409 specifies that industrial control panels must be evaluated and marked for their
Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR), which is established by evaluating each feeder
individually as well as all branch circuits. The smallest kA value is used as the kA value for
the panel as a whole. The kA value must be greater than the kA value of the incoming source
in order for the panel to be installed.

NFPA 79
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 79 is a section of the NEC that pertains to
wiring standards for industrial machinery. The scope of this standard encompasses electrical
and electronic elements of all machinery that operates at or below 600V, including injection
molding machines, assembly machinery, machine tools, and material handling machinery,
among others, as well as inspection and testing machinery. NFPA 79 provides safeguards for
industrial machinery aimed at protecting operators, equipment, facilities, and work-in-
progress from fire and electrical hazards.

Portions of NFPA 79 relate to control circuits and control functions, operator interface and
control devices, location, mounting, and enclosures for control equipment, and other topics
relevant to the design of industrial control panels.

UL 508 and UL 60947-4-1

UL 508 was one of the most important standards to recognize for many years, but this
standard has recently been phased out and has been replaced by UL 60947-4-1.

 Before January 26, 2012, listed control panels were evaluated to standard UL 60947-
4. If a customer specifically requested that a panel be evaluated to UL-508, this was
permissible.
 From January 26, 2012 through January 26, 2017, new industrial control panels were
evaluated to UL 60947-4. However, evaluating revisions to existing control panels to
UL-508 was permissible if requested.
 After January 27, 2017, all listed industrial control panels are required to meet UL
60947-4-1 specifications.
The transition is meant to harmonize the standards from UL and other entities including the
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) in Europe. It’s worth noting that UL 508 and UL 60947-4-1 are largely the same in a

4
technical sense but do incorporate important national differences in order to harmonize and
create an international standard.

Industrial Control Panel Design Example

The primary impacts of the transition relate to how products are tested and qualified to a
standard due to differences in voltages used around the world. Industrial voltages in the
United States are 480 V at 60Hz, while industrial voltages in Europe are 400 V at 50Hz.

Design Considerations for Industrial Control Panels

A variety of design considerations must be weighed throughout the design process in order to
design a control panel that meets functional requirements, application specifications, and
regulatory standards. The following design decisions represent the primary design
considerations in developing an industrial control panel, although additional considerations
specific to individual applications may apply.

Enclosures and Space Requirements

Space Considerations for Industrial Control PanelsThe intended environment largely dictates
the appropriate type of enclosure for an industrial control panel. You’ll need enough space to
install and wire components, and it’s also wise to plan for several receptacles to reduce the
need for extension cords when it’s necessary to power test equipment or appliances.

Placement is another consideration related to enclosures. Depending on where the panel will
be located, you may need to account for swing requirements of cabinet doors (if a cabinet
enclosure is being used). If a control panel will be located in an area with a high ambient
temperature, a ventilation fan or air conditioning may be required to keep the control panel
within an ideal operating temperature range. If temperature control applies, it’s necessary to
allow for easy access to air intakes and exhaust vents (which makes it easier to access and
replace filters). Both NEC required clearance around power wiring and UL required
clearance around heat producing devices must be considered to allow adequate room for
ventilation.

5
Space considerations are paramount, as one of the most common NEC violations involves
control panels that are too small or too confined to allow for the proper space for wiring and
wire bending.

It’s also wise to consider space requirements not only for the current configuration but
possible future needs, as restricted space is a common challenge for retrofits.

Wire Sizing and Component Types

When it comes to wire sizing and selecting the appropriate component types, there are two
important rules of thumb:

 Wires should be sized based on load current. In turn, circuit protection should be
based on wire size. Selecting the appropriate wire size is essential for ensuring that
the circuit is capable of delivering the required load current, while selecting the best
circuit protection reduces the risk of fire by preventing wires from overheating.
 Component types should be selected based on functional requirements. Selecting
components of the right size is critical, as well, as voltage and load current
requirements can mandate minimum size requirements. Components must be capable
of handling the voltage and load current requirements reliably – but they also must
function as required.

UL standards outline specific requirements for wiring, such as wiring materials,

labeling for conductors, sizing for power circuit conductors, and wire sizing.

Control Components and Circuits

What type of controls are appropriate for the application? There are a variety of options from
relays to timers to terminal blocks. Opt for the simplest control components possible.
Control circuits provide logic for the operation of power circuit components. These circuits
are typically lower-voltage for safety, and components such as control power transformers
(CPTs) and power supplies are utilized to convert the power circuit voltage to the control
circuit voltage.
Supply Conductors

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Supply conductors should allow for the highest possible load that may occur. This is typically
calculated by determining the sum of all connected motors and apparatus (keeping in mind
duty cycles and which motors and apparatus will operate simultaneously), and adding this
sum to the full load current for all resistive loads plus 125% of the full load current of the
highest rated motor.
Handling Overcurrent Protection

You’ll also need to consider overcurrent protection in the design phase. There are two
options: overcurrent protection can be placed ahead of the panel or incorporating a single,
primary protective device in the panel itself. Depending on the application, it may not be
desirable to integrate the protective device in the panel to minimize the need to open an
enclosure.

Operator Devices
Operator devices include components such as push buttons, indicator lights, digital panel
meters, levers, and the like, but these devices can also be more complex, touch-screen
displays. Such HMIs (human-machine interfaces) allow for more complex functionality, but
also require computing components and software development, which can add to the cost.

When it comes to controls, the old K.I.S.S. principle (Keep It Simple, Stupid) applies.
Simpler is always better, but simpler may not always be possible. You should, however, opt
for the simplest operator devices appropriate for the functional requirements to support ease
of use.

All industrial control panels should include an emergency stop (which differs from a cycle
stop), typically a self-latching control in a mushroom or palm type. Emergency stops, or E-
stops, are also required by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), and they
cannot be buttons on an HMI; they must be a push-button design which is hard-wired into the
safety circuit. Additionally, any start buttons or switches should be located directly above or
to the immediate left of the associated stop button.

Labeling
It’s imperative to properly label all wires, terminals, and other components in an industrial
control panel. It’s a time-saving strategy that also reduces the likelihood of errors in testing,
routine maintenance, and repairs. Labels should be durable enough to withstand the
conditions of the target environment to avoid fading and damage that renders them
unreadable.

Front Panels and Faceplates

Front panels and faceplates may seem like an afterthought, but these elements are equally as
important to the overall operation of machinery as the interior functional components. Front

7
panels should be durable enough to withstand extreme temperatures, weather conditions,
cleaning products, and chemicals to protect the underlying components.

Front panels and faceplates may include metal or plastic substrates, depending on the
application specifications, and can be mounted with studs, adhesives, or fasteners. Digital or
screen-printed graphics provide visual guidance for operators and incorporate labeling of
operator devices to ensure usability. Therefore, face plates must have the durability necessary
to remain readable for the life of the asset.

There are many, many individual components and elements that go into an industrial control
panel. This guide is meant to provide an overview of the primary design considerations.
Given the depth and complexity of control panel design, as well as the application
specifications and regulatory considerations, partnering with an expert experienced in
designing and developing industrial control panels is a time-saving and cost-effective option
for manufacturers.

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 Chapter 3
Problem Studied by you
3.1 Introduction
In the previous chapter, brief information of the industry or organization is given. During the
internship about control panel problem so know we discussion on this problem and solution
are elaborated in this internship.
Control Panel Troubleshooting
Control panel troubleshooting can be done efficiently if you take your time. This sounds
wrong because when you’re troubleshooting a control panel you’re usually in a production
environment and need to fix the problem quickly. Plan your assault. Don’t waste time or
effort. Find the shortest path to the solution. Here are the basics

1 Ask for help

Before you start doing anything see if someone can help you. Sometimes you get lucky. Talk
with anyone who knows anything about the control panel or the equipment it’s controlling.
Call the equipment manufacturer. You’re looking for anyone who knows how the control
panel is supposed to work.
If you get lucky, you’ll find someone who’s seen the problem before. See if they know how
to fix it, how it was fixed last, or who fixed it last.
If you get real lucky, you find someone who knows the panel and how it works. See if they
know when the problem started like after someone did something, or after something
happened.
If there’s no one to help you, keep going. Don’t waste time or effort. Investigate the simplest
potential problem first, next simplest, repeat.

2 Use your resources

DOCUMENTATION – Find the documentation that was originally included with the
control panel as shipped. Control panels generally include installation and operating
instructions. Electrical schematic drawings are helpful. If you can’t find the
documentation call the manufacturer to get a copy.
TOOLS – Experienced troubleshooters accumulate tools. If you’re new you’ll need to start
accumulating tools. At a minimum you’ll need

9
 1. An Electrical multi-meter to test for Voltage and Resistance
2. Screwdrivers to loosen and tighten wire terminal connections
3. Wire Cutters, Strippers, Connectors, Electrical Tape to repair wiring

3 Focus your efforts

The old adage is still true. If it ain’t broke don’t fix it. Focus on the problem you’re trying to
solve. Let the problem lead you to the solution. The questions are what you trying to figure
out and what are you trying to fix.
1. What are you trying to figure out?
1. Why the control panel isn’t working at all, or
2. Why some aspect the control panel isn’t working properly?
2. What are you trying to fix?
1. Is it a power problem, or
2. Is it a control problem?
Find the dedicated power source feeding the control panel before you start doing anything.
It’s usually a dedicated circuit breaker in an Electrical Power Distribution Panel or Motor
Control Center. Find it and Turn it Off, then locate any field devices connected to the
panel. If you’re not sure where to start, start with the power circuits.

4 Troubleshoot the circuits

Locate the incoming power connection and any outgoing power connections. Let what you
see guide you where to start, but generally start with the incoming power connection and
trace each (suspect) power circuit’s power wires through its power components (circuit
breakers, contactors, etc.) to its final destination (motor, heater, etc.)

1. Use your Multi-meter to test for voltage (to insure the power is off).
2. Look at each power connection and its wiring. Does anything look unusual?
3. Look at the power components? Does anything look unusual ? Is the circuit breaker off?
4. Try to move the wires and connections with your hand. Does anything look or feel
unusual?
5. When you find an obvious problem, fix it or have it fixed, turn the power back on, and
see if you’re done.
6. If you’re not done, repeat 2 through 5 until you’re done or decide you need help.

5 Verify everything works as desired

Get someone who knows how the control panel operates to help you verify everything
works as desired.

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1. Function test what you fixed to verify it now works as desired.
2. When what you fixed works as desired make sure your fix didn’t break something else.
3. Function test everything to verify everything works as desired. 
4. If something isn’t working properly, return to Step 3

3.2 System Studied

In this I learned What Does Control Panel Mean The control panel, in the context of
Windows, is a software module used to perform administrative and management operating
system tasks and/or provide access to specific software features.
The control panel is used to configure and manage almost all aspects of Windows, including
keyboard and mouse functionality, users and passwords, power options, network settings,
desktop background, display settings, sound settings, mouse settings, hardware and software
options, installation and removal of programs, parental control, speech recognition, etc.

3.3 Conclusion
From this I conclude that control panels is very important for industry I learned there
importance fitting working of components

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 Chapter 4
Results and Discussions
4.1 Introduction
So previous chapter we learned the importance of control panels in this chapter we discusses
on control panels in brief

4.2 Discussions
From this I learned lots of thinks about control panel in its simplest terms, an electrical
control panel is a combination of electrical devices which use electrical power to control the
various mechanical functions of industrial equipment or machinery. An electrical control
panel includes two main categories: panel structure and electrical components
But what is an electrical control panel, exactly? Think of an electrical control panel like the
human body. Inside our bodies, we have vital organs that control and monitor our
surroundings.
Similarly, an electrical control panel is a metal box which contains important electrical
devices that control and monitor a mechanical process electrically.

1. What is an Enclosure?
Let’s get started! First let’s talk about the enclosure, the metal electrical control box that
contains all of the electrical devices of the control panel. Enclosures are often aluminum or
stainless steel and the size will vary based on the size of the process.
An electrical control panel enclosure can have multiple sections. Each section will have an
access door.
The size of the enclosure is commonly referred to by the number of doors the enclosure has.

12
Each enclosure will have an electrical safety rating designated by UL, the “Underwriters
Laboratories” who governs electrical safety.
They will also have an IP rating or NEMA classification which designates the enclosure to be
indoor or outdoor, waterproof or water-resistant, suitable for hazardous conditions, dustproof,
or explosion proof.

Now let’s go inside the enclosure and talk about the non-electrical components that make up
the electrical control panel.

3. Back Panel, DIN Rails, Wiring Ducts

First, let’s talk about the back panel of the enclosure.

The back panel is a sheet of metal that is mounted on the inside of the enclosure that allows
us to drill mounting holes for different devices which leads us to our next component, DIN
rails.
A DIN rail is a metal rail with a standard width used for mounting electrical devices inside.
The next component inside the electrical control panel is wiring Duct.
Ducts allow us to route the wires in an organized and efficient way while also reducing
electrical noise between devices.

13
Next, let’s get into the electrical components of the electrical control panel!

3. Electrical Components of a Control Panel

3.1. Main Circuit Breaker
The main circuit breaker is where the power comes into the control panel for all of the
devices. This circuit breaker generally has a disconnect on the outside of the panel that allows
us to shut off the power.
Always remember the topside of the circuit breaker will still have power. The power that
comes into the panel can be anywhere from 480 volts to as low as 120 volts.

3.2. Surge Arrester

After the power comes into the panel from the main circuit breaker the power will be run into
a surge arrester.
A surge arrester is a device that protects all of the electrical equipment inside the control
panel from electrical surges or overvoltage. An electrical surge can come from a lightning
strike or utility power surge.

14
3.3. Transformer and 24-Volt Power Supply
The power can be connected into a transformer that switches the power down in order to
power smaller devices.
If the incoming power is above 120 volts, a transformer is generally used.
If the power is 120 volts, a power supply can be used to step the power down to 24 volts.
Now that the electrical control panel has incoming power from the main circuit breaker and
power distributed by a transformer or power supply the different voltages can be wired into
terminal blocks for even more routing of power throughout the electrical control panel.

3.4. Terminal Block

A terminal block consists of two terminals that can join two or more wires together.

Terminal blocks can be arranged with several other blocks in a strip mounted on a DIN rail to
run power from one source to several devices throughout the panel.

15
3.5. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Next part of the control panel is a device that controls and monitors the mechanical process.
Let’s talk about the PLC or Programmable Logic Controller.
The PLC is like the brain of the entire process.
The PLC will have a CPU where the logic program is stored.
It will have associated inputs and outputs which will help control and monitor the Assembly
line.

Speaking of our terminal blocks, we will have wires running from them to our inputs and
outputs. This allows for the actual control of the assembly line.
Field devices such as proximity switches, photo eyes, and other sensors are set up on the
assembly line to give the feedback needed for the PLC to control the operation of the line
.

16
3.6. Relays and Contactors
The PLC outputs will be wired to a bank of relays that will close an internal contact that will
send power out to turn ON or OFF a device on the assembly line.
Smaller relays will control devices such as lights or fans while a bigger relay, called a
“contactor”, is used to control motors.

3.7. Network Switch

We will also have a network switch located somewhere near the PLC.
This will be powered with 24 volts and it will be the HUB for our communication to and
from the PLC to network compatible devices on the assembly line.

3.8. Human Machine Interface (HMI) One of those devices is our “Human Machine
Interface” or HMI. An HMI can be mounted locally onto a panel door or in a remote panel
located closer to the machinery.
The HMI can be a very dynamic tool in assisting the operator in controlling and monitoring
the machinery.
The PLC will pass signals over the network to the HMI for monitoring and the HMI can send
signals to the PLC for controlling the machinery.

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Today we talked about the components of a control panel. Each control panel will have the
main power source coming in that is distributed throughout the panel to varying devices for
control and monitoring.
Electronic control panels will come in different sizes but they all have similar devices that we
talked about today.

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 Chapter 5
Conclusion and Future Scope
5.1 Conclusion
Industrial internship is program that expose students to the real working environment and
experience. Through Industrial internship, I can conclude that industrial training is very
important and it increases general knowledge of the student about industries, different types
of machines used in industries and their working and he/she will be able to face industrial
people and problems whenever he/she joins a job

5.2 Future Scope

It helps with the smooth and painless completion of business responsibilities. It is a great tool
for aiding market participants in developing and introducing novel and sophisticated items
into the market in order to improve their market position.
The goal of this market report is to address the ever-changing character of the industry. It
then goes on to show product selection, market activities, and pricing analysis.
It aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the whole market and tries to give some
independent information in order to protect the money of firms. Workforce development,
terms of maintaining, promotional efforts and mobility, inventory and procurement are just a
few of the important components of industry growth covered in this article.
The majority of the Electrical Control Panels market research focuses on company
projections for the years 2021-2027. A few crucial measures are also given here to help
newcomers have a better knowledge of the market position.
Key project success, important performance details, income streams, and industry value
proposition are some of the important market features included in this market analysis. It is
still focusing on market segmentation by product category, purpose, kind, and region.

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 References
1.ectrical-engineering-portal.com/download-center/books-andguides/automation-control/
design-of-industrial-control-panels

2.Electrical Wiring Commercial by Simmons and Mullin http://www.amazon.com/Electrical-

Wiring-Commercial-PhilSimmons/dp/1285186850

3.Interpreting the National Electric Code by Surbrook and Althouse

http://www.amazon.com/Interpreting-National-Electrical-TrumanSurbrook/dp/1111544425

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