LEAVES, A Newsletter of the INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FORUM

Volume 24, Number 09 --- 15 September 2022

Website www.iefworld.org Article Deadline October 10

Article submission newsletter@iefworld.org
Secretariat Email ief@iefworld.org Christine Muller, General Secretary
President Email ief@iefworld.org Arthur Lyon Dahl Ph.D.
Postal address 12B Chemin de Maisonneuve, CH-1219 Chatelaine, Geneva, Switzerland

From the Editor, Request for information for upcoming newsletters

This newsletter is an opportunity for IEF members to share their experiences, activities, and initiatives that are taking
place at the community level on environment, climate change, and sustainability. All members are welcome to contribute
information about related activities, upcoming conferences, news from like-minded organizations, recommended websites,
book reviews, etc. Please send information to newsletter@ief.org
Please share the Leaves newsletter and IEF membership information with family, friends, and associates and encourage
interested persons to consider becoming a member of the IEF.

Members Corner
IEF General Assembly, 25 September 2022
The 26th IEF General Assembly will be held on Sunday, 25 September 2022 at 1pm EDT / 19:00
CEST. The election of the IEF Governing Board for 2022-2023 will take place by e-mail.
All members should have received an email invitation with detailed information about registering for
the General Assembly and with voting instructions.
If you are a member and have not received an email invitation, please, contact the IEF Secretariat at
ief@iefworld.org. Please, note that associates do not participate in the election of the IEF board.
We hope that many of you will be able to attend!

The IEF warmly welcomes the following new members and associates:
Members Associates
Andreas Galsterer, Portugal Oluwagbeminiyi Olaonipekun, Nigeria
Kate Gieger, USA Jahangir Cyrus, USA
Steve Bosserman, USA Jos Hazebroek, The Netherlands
Leslie Cole, Canada Ezekiel Tosin Babatunde, Nigeria
Rajendra Prasad N.R., India
Santosh Kumar Mishra, India

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IEF Webinars
The next two IEF webinars will contribute to the topics of the upcoming UN conferences:
Nov. 5 – Climate Change and COP27, with Halldór Thorgeirsson
Dec. 3 – CBD COP15: Countries are preparing new global goals to protect Nature – what do they mean
and what is our role in achieving them? with Sylvia Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen

Study of One Planet, One Habitation - A Bahá’í Perspective on Recasting Humanity's

Relationship with the Natural World
The IEF Governing Board recommends the study of this statement by the Bahá'í International Community to all
IEF members and associates. The statement is available for download in a beautiful PDF version as well as in
a text version that is more suitable for study.
The IEF has also prepared a version of the statement in a simplified language accessible to older children and
junior youth, in presentations as a series of seven classes illustrated with pictures of the beauty of nature,
available here.

IEF Endorsement of the Open Letter to World Leaders by Action for Sustainable Development
The IEF Board decided to endorse the open letter to world leaders by Action for Sustainable Development for
the Global Week of Action to Act4SDGs (16-25 September). The text of the letter is printed further below and is
available here.

Interview with IEF Member Michael Semple

IEF: Hello Mike, we are happy that you agreed to be briefly interviewed for our newsletter. Would you, please,
introduce yourself to our readers?
M.S: My name is Michael Semple. I live in Switzerland and have previously lived in Sweden, the United
Kingdom and Israel. I am married, have three grown-up children and one grandchild. I studied physics at
university, but spent most of my career in the field of Information Technology, specifically with Enterprise
Software (SAP) in large multinationals.
IEF: You provided a major service to the International Environment Forum. Would you, please, explain to our
readers what you have done?
M.S: In February I was approached by the Secretary of the International Environment Forum who asked if I
would be willing to advise the IEF regarding its membership database. The processes to manage the
membership were complex and time consuming and there were security concerns. I was unsure whether I
could really be of assistance, since I did not know anything about Content Management Systems like Drupal,
on which the Web site runs, but I was willing to give it a try.
I spent about a month looking for free alternative membership databases and trying a few Google spreadsheet
and forms-based ideas, while in parallel trying to install Drupal and the underlying MySQL database at home in
a virtualization platform (Docker) so that I could play around and learn about it without risk to the IEF Web site
itself.
After a few frustrations with alternative solutions and learning more about Drupal and the processes in place, I
realized that it would be better to use the existing system more effectively as a “single-source of the truth” for
membership information. This would require “cleaning up” the current database. I set about doing this
manually, since I did not have the experience required to do it programmatically (in PHP), but I was guided by
an earlier analysis provided by a Drupal specialist. I learnt a lot by doing, and my confidence gradually
increased.
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After about two or three intensive months, guided through regular consultation with the IEF Secretary and
sometimes the IEF President, the processes could be simplified so that membership data did not need to be
maintained manually in multiple places, and one could rely on extracts provided by the Web site’s system to
persons with the appropriate level of access. There are still a few things to be evaluated in the search for
continuous improvement, but they are less urgent.
My IT experience certainly helped, but I learnt a lot and enjoyed this aspect greatly.
IEF: Are you able to estimate the time you had spent for this enormous work?
M.S: I probably spent an accumulated total of about two or three months full-time equivalent.
IEF: What motivated you to have such dedication?
M.S: I cannot remember when I first became conscious of environmental issues, biodiversity loss or climate
change, but when I attended the Wilmette Institute course on Sustainable Development and Human Prosperity
in 2020 it was a step-change for me, and I followed the work of the International Environment Forum with
greater interest and admiration. So when I was proposed this avenue of service, combining it with my personal
interest in all things IT, I was very motivated. I was kept motivated by witnessing gradual improvements, and
through the kind encouragement of the IEF Board Members who accompanied me during this time.
IEF: We thank you very much, Mike, for telling us about your valuable work all done behind the scenes. We are
immensely grateful for your professional service to the International Environment Forum!

Preparing for Public Discourse

Materials for individual or group study
While the IEF as an organization focuses on public discourse on the international level, it encourages its
members and associates to take personal initiative for public discourse on the local and national level.
Public discourse refers to presenting ideas, concepts, principles, values and other kinds of knowledge and
information to others, whether in a meaningful conversation with an individual, a group discussion or meeting,
a more public platform or event, at a conference, in social media or in publications. It is open to everyone, and
is complementary to social action, through which your deeds should be coherent with your words.
One of the main purposes of the International Environment Forum is to contribute to public discourse relevant
to the environment and sustainability, in particular by providing perspectives inspired by the Bahá'í Faith, its
teachings and community experience. The IEF website is full of examples of public discourse in its
conferences, statements and newsletters, and it provides many resources that you can use to prepare yourself
for public discourse.
Given the importance for everyone to participate in public discourse, building this capacity is one way for the
IEF to fulfil its mission. We have added to the educational materials on the e-learning section of this website a
set of five presentations to help you to prepare for public discourse, both concerning the methods and content,
with a focus on the environmental, social and economic dimensions relevant to sustainability, the need for
global governance, and how to start in your local community.
You can find these materials here.

Global Solidarity Conversations and Accounting

A Community Approach
Recent efforts to think about the well-being of humans and nature in other than financial terms (see
the accounting page) suggest new ways to help local communities read their local reality and consult on
possible social actions. The approach is not to suggest solutions, but to help to ask the right questions about
the challenges we all face in a world materially united but socially and spiritually divided.
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Here you can read an overview of this new initiative: https://iefworld.org/accounting_community
Here you can download the materials for the Global Solidarity Conversations:
Basic Introduction
Part 1: Assessment of Reality - Questions for Local Community Assessment
Part 2: Consulting and Deciding about Actions
Download Introduction, Parts 1 and 2 as pdf
Background
We invite you to consider sharing this with your own community.

Thoughts on the Harmony of Science and Religion

By Michael Moum

One of the fundamental principles of the Baha’i Faith is that science and religion are in harmony, meaning that
they do not contradict each other and present complementary aspects of creation. There are two kinds of
science: material and spiritual. The former discovers material realities; the latter discovers spiritual realities.
Both are necessary. ‘Abdu’l-Baha defines both religion and science as “...consisting of the necessary
relationships deriving from the realities of things.” Thus the Baha’i teachings are concerned with how the
different aspects of creation relate to each other.
There is a hierarchy of levels of creation: the first is the Primal Will or Logos or Word, which emanates from
God and from which all of spiritual and material creation proceeds. The next levels are spiritual reality (the
heavenly spirit), the rational soul (the human spirit), the animal spirit, vegetable spirit, and mineral spirit. Each
lower level of spirit contains fewer of the attributes of God than the one above it, and exhibits a lesser degree
of consciousness. The mineral, vegetable, and animal levels are the object of study of material science, while
religion addresses the human spirit, heavenly spirit, and the Word. A level of spirit can discover the realities of
lower levels, but cannot fully comprehend the realities of higher levels. Hence the domain of science is the
material world, and the domain of religion is the spiritual worlds.
Both science and religion share the conviction that the world is orderly, and provide explanations based on that
belief. They differ in that science is concerned with the causes of things, while religion is concerned with the
meaning and purpose of those things. Holmes Ralston III, Professor of Philosophy at Colorado State
University, states that “Science holds that causality runs deep in the nature of things; religion holds that what is
highest in value runs deepest in the nature of things." One might say then that material science is concerned
with how things happen, and religion is concerned with why things happen. In order to most fully understand a
thing, we need to know what its material and efficient causes are (the scientific aspect), and also to understand
what its final and formal causes are (the religious aspect). Both are necessary, but either one alone without the
other is not sufficient.
Considering evolution, for example, material science can tell us how biological entities evolve, but not whether
evolution is meaningful and purposeful. Religion, on the other hand, can tell us whether evolution has meaning
and purpose, but cannot tell us about the mechanisms by which evolution happens. The same comments
apply to the universe as a whole: cosmology can tell us how the universe develops, but it can’t answer
questions of its meaning and purpose. Religion can address meaning and purpose, but not how the universe
evolved from its initial beginning.
From these considerations, it is clear that science and religion, properly understood, are complementary and
harmonious.
This is a shortened version of this article. To read the full three pages, go here: https://iefworld.org/dmoum22

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 Open Letter to World Leaders by Action for Sustainable Development
TIME IS NOW: ACT FOR PEACE, CLIMATE AND JUSTICE

Progress on the 2030 agenda is under threat. In Salvador and others. All lives affected by conflict
2022, the world is not working for most people and are of equal value. Wars and conflicts are one of
our planet. Human rights are being ignored and the major factors leading to increasing poverty in
millions of people are being left behind, while a few the world.
become ever richer and more powerful.
• We call for an immediate end to the war in
The war in Ukraine together with other ongoing Ukraine – a ceasefire and a withdrawal of
conflicts has led to a massive increase in the Russian forces, and the phased removal of
number of people facing acute food insecurity, with all sanctions according to an agreed
rising food prices making life even harder for timeline.
billions of people. • We call on third parties to prevent a further
At the same time, climate change presents a long- military escalation of the conflict and help in
term threat to our shared home on this earth, with facilitating peace negotiations.
temperatures continuing to rise and extreme • We call for the same level of support to end
weather events devastating communities at the all conflicts – and ensure financial support
frontlines. for displaced peoples and refugees.
The Covid-19 pandemic pushed humanity’s • We further call for a global commitment
resilience to the limit and continues to have vast from states to reduce military expenditures
impacts on the lives of people and the wider social, and to shift these funds to address the
economic and environmental fabric of our world. shortfall in financing for the achievement of
Hundreds of millions of people lost their jobs and Agenda 2030 commitments, such as on
income and were pushed into poverty. social protection and clean energy.
These events have shone a glaring light on the
persistent and underlying injustices and inequalities Climate
of our societies. We call for an end to the fossil fuel era – stop
We need to transform a system that is no longer fit financing of coal by the end of 2022 and shift
for purpose, flip the script and re-imagine our planet funding towards clean and green R&D, fully
as our shared home, respecting the rights of all address loss and damages from climate impacts,
people and the natural world. and solutions that provide quality jobs to power the
future ethically and sustainably.
The recovery must leave no one behind… there is
still time to deliver sustainable development within • Deliver on the Paris Agreement goal to limit
the Decade of Action… if leaders in each country mean global temperature rise to 1.5C.
act for Peace, Climate & Justice. • Commit to science-based national targets
and a net-zero emissions economy by 2050
Peace with ambitious climate action plans in place
in each country.
Now is the time to step back from armed conflicts,
militarism must be reduced around the world: • Deliver the funding promised with non-debt
creating climate finance for adaptation,
The war in Ukraine comes in a human context mitigation and loss and damage, including
where armed conflict, violence in all its forms, the unmet $100 billion/year pledge.
authoritarianism, corruption and indiscriminate
• Protect the ecosystems on which all life
repression affects the lives of millions of people
depends by strengthening international
around the globe and violates the human rights of
environmental law and reversing
people – young and old – in countries including
biodiversity loss by 2030; and develop
Myanmar, Yemen, Palestine, Syria, Afghanistan,
ecological strategy policies aligning with
South Sudan, Central African Republic, Ethiopia,
poverty alleviation, human rights, and fair
Colombia, Brazil, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El
economic policies.
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Social Justice Economic Justice
Poverty and inequality are once again on the rise in We call for an end of austerity and a major
the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. In many economic stimulus that radically reduces inequality,
countries, people are being pushed back into gender inequalities and lays the foundations for a
increasingly fragile situations, with the critical gaps just, equal and sustainable economy.
in healthcare and loss of livelihoods being
• Keep your promises to finance a more just
compounded by the lack of sufficient support from
and sustainable future with clear
governments and international partners.
commitments to 0.7% of GDP for
• Put in place a ‘Vaccines for all global development cooperation including at least
roadmap’, donor countries must agree to $50 billion/year for health and social
finalise a temporary waiver of intellectual protection
property protections on all Covid-19 • Deliver extensive debt cancellations and
technologies in 2022. create a sovereign debt workout mechanism
• We call on all governments to ensure at the UN; increase access to capital for low
universal social protection for all including and middle income countries by re-
provision of free universal healthcare to allocating new Special Drawing Rights.
ensure everyone on earth has access to • Ensure everyone contributes by taxing
free, public, high quality health care across companies and individuals fairly with
the life course and promote wellbeing for all progressive tax systems and ending illicit
ages. financial flows and tax evasion.
• We further call for respect for fundamental • Target financial support to reach those who
rights as set out in the Universal Declaration most need it, by prioritising funds for
of Human Rights. women, disadvantaged minorities, young
• Stop persecution of civil society activists people, persons with disabilities, older
and guarantee people’s fundamental persons, migrants and other most affected
freedoms to speak out and assemble. groups.

Green nature is good for you, blue is better

By IEF President Arthur Dahl
"The country is the world of the soul, the city is the world of bodies."
(Bahá'u'lláh)
It has long been known that contact with nature is good for our mental and physical health. Recent studies are providing
more precise guidance. People who live in or move to greener areas have better mental health. Beyond happiness and
well-being, this can improve attention, creativity, memory and even sleep. Nature provides involuntary stimuli, giving
voluntary attention a chance to rest and recover. The health benefits of nature start at two hours a week and level off at 5
hours a week. This can be divided into amounts of a least 10 minutes each. The benefits are stronger if you feel a
connection with nature, perhaps through gardening, photography or spotting wildlife. Contact with nature should be a free
choice, and not under pressure or a doctor's orders. The quality of nature is important, such as really wild places or those
enclosed providing a sense of security.
What is new is that marine and coastal areas (blue spaces) are twice as beneficial as green spaces such as mountains,
forests, parks or even freshwater. The best is where both meet. This can even reduce some of the mental health
inequalities driven by socio-economic differences, for instance in poor people living by the sea. The coast can have more
patterns of change with tides, waves, sound and light than a park or forest, and opportunities to play in the sand or swim,
building strong positive social experiences. Children with these experiences may have better mental health as adults.
Ancient peoples often spent time in and near the water.
The strongest predictor of good mental health was not proximity or time spent in nature, but psychological connectedness
to it, and this can be cultivated. Even looking at pictures of nature or watching nature documentaries can have some
effect, increasing positivity and reducing boredom.
Source: Based on Catherine de Lange (2022), Into the blue, New Scientist No. 3395, pp. 39-41, 16 July 2022.

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 Climate Change and Human Rights
A new Report by the United Nations
Source: https://www.unep.org/resources/report/climate-change-and-human-rights
You can download the report directly here.
Foreword by Achim Steiner, UNEP Executive Director
Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human rights of our generation, posing a serious risk to the
fundamental rights to life, health, food and an adequate standard of living of individuals and communities
across the world. This report aims to support government and private decision makers by assessing the
relationship between climate change and human rights law.
While the United Nations and national governments acknowledge that climate change and the responses to it
can impact on human rights, there is less agreement on the corresponding obligations of governments and
private actors to address this problem. The relationship between human rights and the environment has been
much debated over the past few decades, supported by UNEP, OHCHR and the Human Rights Council-
appointed Special Rapporteur, specifically the identification of positive, mutually reinforcing links between the
fields of law and policy.
This UNEP report sheds light on the human rights obligations of both governments and private actors in
responding to climate change, including those relating to rights to information, public participation in decision-
making and access to justice, as well as obligations relating to adaption and mitigation.
The report makes a number of recommendations on how governments and other actors may address climate
change. These include the need to recognize the link between climate change and human rights in climate-
related processes and activities. The report also highlights the need for greater ambition with regard to
mitigation, human rights safeguards for international climate finance mechanisms, financial assistance for
developing countries faced with adaptation, and the development of an international mechanism on climate-
induced displacement and migration. In addition, the report proposes a number of new human rights-related
mechanisms for international coordination and accountability in delivering these outcomes.
The Paris agreement is a stepping stone rather than the end objective for climate change action. So I hope
that, whatever the outcome, this report will become a central reference for anybody involved in making climate
or environmental related decisions in the crucial years ahead.

Addressing the disproportionate impact of climate crisis on women

BIC ADDIS ABABA — A recent forum held by the promoting gender equality, the bigger issue is one
Addis Ababa Office of the Bahá’í International of ontology and how we see ourselves as human
Community (BIC) explored the disproportionate beings,” said Dr. Mboya, as she explained that
impact of the climate crisis on women, emphasizing environmental degradation is an outcome of a
the principle of equality of women and men as purely materialistic approach to life without
essential to addressing climate change. considering social, moral, and spiritual implications.
“Climate change is largely acknowledged as an “How do we see ourselves as human beings? What
amplifier of existing socio-economic inequities, is our reality? Are we just material, self-interested
including gender inequalities,” said Atieno Mboya, beings?” asks Dr. Mboya.
professor of International Environment Law and
Gender at Emory University and member of the “We have a spiritual reality, a soul that has no
Bahá’í community. gender. Operating in the world from this standpoint
can enable us to adopt new values, new social
“While legislative and legal processes are critical in norms, and new institutional arrangements that
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promote gender equality and harmony with nature,” Sustainable Development of the United Nations
she said, referring to the Bahá’í teachings on the Development Programme.
advancement of civilization.
Dr. Mumba spoke about a new network of women
In this light, participants examined how climate- environmentalists in the Sahel region, Mali, and
related issues, such as disruptions to food security Southern Africa, which coordinates grassroots
caused by changes in rainfall patterns and climate action across these regions. This initiative,
migration brought about by environmental she said, is an example of the countless actions
degradation, tend to affect women more than men. taken by women in Africa to mitigate environmental
challenges.
Dr. Mboya explained how, for instance, the
migration of men from rural areas in order to In further comments, Dr. Mboya emphasized that
support their families places greater labor demands climate change issues need to be addressed by
on women. new approaches and patterns of community life
“capable of unlocking human capacity for promoting
“This means that there is increased pressure on social progress.” She added that this calls for
women’s time,” she said. “There is reduced time for humility on our part as human beings when we
childcare and food preparation. Girls’ schooling can interact with nature, if we are to mitigate
also be interrupted when they help their mothers.” environmental degradation.
Even when migration is not a factor, climate change This forum took place as part of a series of
still has a greater impact on women than on men discussions being held by the Addis Ababa Office in
because of gender inequities, such as reduced the lead-up to the 2022 United Nations Climate
work opportunities for women defined by their Change Conference, known as COP27, and is part
economic status and societal norms. of the BIC’s contribution to the discourses on
Despite these struggles, women in Africa are at the climate change and the equality of women and
forefront of climate action, participants noted. men.

“We’re doing so much. We’re not waiting… for Source: Baha’i World News Service
somebody to come and save us,” said Musonda https://news.bahai.org/story/1614/
Mumba, Director for the Rome Centre for

Young people call for intergenerational solidarity on the climate crisis

Young people bear a disproportionate burden of the environmental crises the world faces today, which will
impact their future. Research shows that many young people feel frustrated and unheard, creating a sense of
unfairness that has, in recent years, fueled a surge of climate activism led by youth.
According to a recent study, children born in 2020 will experience a two to seven-fold increase in extreme
climate events, particularly heatwaves, compared to people born in 1960. The study finds there is "a severe
threat to the safety of young generations" and calls for "drastic emission reductions to safeguard their future."
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs research shows that there are about 1.2 billion
youth aged 15 to 24 in the world today. This is a huge percentage of the global population whose interests and
voices have traditionally been overlooked.
This year's International Youth Day on 12 August will highlight the potential of Intergenerational Solidarity in
advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with the UN Secretary-General's report on Our
Common Agenda. The report calls on policymakers to listen to and work with youth.
The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) recognizes the important role young people play in every
environmental issue facing the world today. UNEP has helped establish The Global Youth for
Environment, which brings together young people from around the world and inspires them to take action
locally, nationally and internationally towards environmental conservation and environmental governance
based on the interest of youth.

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"Young people have helped reshape the global climate debate because they know that they'll be the ones that
could inherit a broken planet," said Sam Barratt, Chief of the Youth, Education and Advocacy unit in UNEP
Many young activists have highlighted that all too often, policymakers and government officials publicly support
youth leaders and give them a seat at the table at prestigious international conferences, says Barratt. But away
from the cameras, when important policies that affect young people are being made, their voices and interests
are often not taken into account.
Youth activists say that they want more than lip service from global leaders. They want more inclusive
policymaking processes and a seat at the decision-making table.
At the recent Stockholm+50 Youth Assembly, young people called for the mainstreaming of youth engagement
in environmental and multilateral processes on the road to the UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt (COP
27).
“Change is coming,” said UN Youth Envoy Jayathma Wickramanayake. “We will continue to fight for our [youth]
voices to be heard at the decision-making table.”
Over the years, multiple international declarations and covenants have called for inclusive policymaking,
including recommendations for accelerating action towards a healthy planet for the prosperity of all, as set out
in Stockholm+50 Agenda for Action, Renewal and Trust – Outputs and outcomes.
Recognizing intergenerational responsibility is a cornerstone of sound policymaking and puts front and center
the critical role of young people in climate action and the need to build the capacity of young people to engage
with global leaders and financial institutions.
To promote intergenerational solidarity, among other activities, UNEP has been working with the World
Bank’s Connect4Climate initiative to launch a series of YouTube videos that foster intergenerational dialogue.
The videos feature advocates of climate action of all ages and backgrounds to exchange ideas and
experiences and build solidarity.
The last episode, to be broadcast on International Youth Day, features Aldo Manos, 89, a former senior staff
member of the UN, and Emmanuela Shinta, 29, an environmental film-maker and indigenous people’s
representative from Kalimantan, Indonesia. They discuss the climate crisis, sustainable lifestyles, the value of
nature, environmental education, and the need for a shift in global mindset to protect and restore the web of
life.
60 million jobs that will be created by the green economy in 30 years do not even exist yet.
UNEP and partners are also working with higher education and youth networks from around the world, by
mainstreaming environmental education and awareness across curricula to equip young people with the tools
and skills they need today, for the jobs of the future green economy we want.
“Intergenerational responsibility is ultimately about ethical and moral fairness,” said Barratt.
“Future generations who are likely to face more frequent and intense extreme weather events have come into
focus due to the fierce and effective advocacy of young climate activists. It’s now time to meaningfully engage
our youth – providing them with not only a seat at decision-making tables, but also the skills and capacity to
effectively operate at these tables."
International Youth Day is commemorated every year on 12 August, bringing youth issues to the attention of
the international community and celebrating the potential of youth as partners in today's global society. Youth
are central in achieving a more sustainable and healthier planet. UNEP is committed to promoting the work of
young people around the globe for the environment and providing safe and open platforms to support
interaction with decision-makers.
Source: UN Environment https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/young-people-call-intergenerational-
solidarity-climate-crisis