Tutorial-7

Heat Transfer
1. Explain the scope of heat transfer in engineering.
2. Explain the difference between thermodynamics and heat transfer with examples.
3. Explain three different modes of heat transfer.
4. Derive an expression for steady state conduction heat transfer through a plane wall and a
composite plane wall consisting of two different materials.
5. Derive an expression for steady state radial conduction heat transfer though hollow cylinder and
composite cylinder consisting of two different materials.
6. Define thermal resistance. Derive expression for thermal resistance for:
a. A conduction heat transfer through plane wall
b. A conduction heat transfer though a hollow cylinder, and
c. Convection heat transfer through a fluid.
7. Use electrical analogy approach to derive expression for heat transfer for:
a. composite plane wall consisting of two different materials
b. composite cylinder consisting of two different materials
8. Derive an expression for overall heat transfer coefficients for a plane wall subjected to
convective medium on both sides.
9. Derive an expression for overall heat transfer coefficients for a hollow cylinder subjected to
convective medium on both sides.
10. Explain critical radius of thickness.

11. A furnace wall is made of 20 cm of magnesite brick and 20 cm of common brick. The magnesite
brick is exposed to hot gases at 12000C and common brick outer surface is exposed to 350C
room air. The surface heat transfer coefficient of the inside wall is 40 W/m2K and that of outside
wall is 20 W/m2K respectively. Thermal conductivities of magnesite and common bricks are 4
and 0.5 W/mK respectively. Determine:
a. Heat loss per m2 area of the furnace wall and
b. Maximum temperature to which common brick is subjected.
12. A steel pipe with ID and OD as 80 mm and 120 mm is covered with two layers of insulation, 25
mm and 40 mm thick. The thermal conductivities of insulation materials are 0.2 W/mK and 0.1
W/mK respectively while that of steel is 50 W/mK. The inner surface of the pipe is 2000C while
surface temperature of insulation is 400C. Determine the heat loss from the unit length of the
pipe and layer contact temperatures.
13. A 2.5 cm thick plate (k=20 W/mK) 50 cm by 75 cm is maintained at 3000C. Heat is lost from the
plate surface by convection and radiation to the ambient air at 200C. If the emissivity of the
surface is 0.9 and the convection heat transfer coefficient is 20 W/m2K, determine the inside
plate temperature.
14. A flat plate (k=100 W/mK) of 5 mm thick is exposed to a gas at a temperature of 1500C on one
side and cooling water at 200C on the opposite side. The heat transfer coefficient for inside and
outside surface are 4000 W/m2K and 2000 W/m2K respectively. Determine the heat transfer per
unit area of the plate and the temperature at inner and outer surface of the plate.
15. A hollow cylinder with inner and outer diameters of 8 cm and 12 cm respectively has an inner
surface temperature of 2000C and outer surface temperature of 500C. If the thermal
conductivity of the cylinder material is 60 W/mK, determine the heat transfer from unit length
of pipe. Also determine the temperature at the surface at a radial distance of 5 cm from the axis
of the cylinder.
16. Determine the rate of heat loss from a brick wall (k=0.7 W/mK) of length 5 m, height 4m and
0.25 m thick. The temperature of the inner surface is 1200C and that of outer surface is 300C.
Also calculate the distance from the inner surface at which temperature is 900C.
17. A 1.2 m long tube with outer diameter of 4 cm having outer surface temperature of 1200C is
exposed to the ambient air at 200C, if the heat transfer coefficient between the tube surface and
the air is 20W/m2K, determine the heat transfer rate from the tube to the air.
18. The hot combustion gas of a furnace is separated from the ambient air and its surrounding,
which are at 250C, by a brick wall of 0.15 m thick. The brick has a thermal conductivity of 1.2
W/mK and surface emissivity of 0.8. Under steady states conditions an outer surface
temperature of 1000C is measured. Free convection heat transfer to the air adjoining the
surface is characterised by a convection coefficient of h=20 W/m2K. What is the brick inner
surface temperature? [σ=5.67×10-8 W/m2k4]
19. The wall of furnace 4m by 3 m are constructed from an inner fire brick (k=0.4 W/mK) wall 30 cm
thick, a layer of ceramic blanket insulation (k=0.2 W/mK) 10 cm thick and steel protective layer
(k=50 W/mK) 4 mm thick. The inside temperature of the fire brick layer was measured as 5000C
and temperature of the outside of the insulation as 500C. Determine:
a. The rate of heat loss thorough wall,
b. The temperature at the interface between fire brick layer and insulation layer, and
c. The temperature at outside surface of the steel layer.
20. A pipe (k=20 W/mK) with inner and outer diameter of 2 cm and 4 cm respectively is covered
with 2 cm layer of insulation (k=0.2 W/mK). If the inside and outside of the combination are at
5000C and 1000C respectively, determine the heat loss from the unit length of the pipe. Also
determine the pipe insulation interface temperature.
21. A cast iron pipe (k=25 W/mK) with inner and outer diameters of 60 mm and 70 mm respectively
is covered by an insulator (k=0.05 W/mK). Under steady sate condition, temperature between
the pipe and insulator interface is found to be 2500C. The allowable heat loss from the unit
length of the pipe is 500 W/m and outer surface temperature of the insulator should not exceed
500C. Determine:
a. Minimum thickness of the insulation required, and
b. Temperature at the inner surface of the pipe
22. A pipe (k=19 W/mK) with inner and outer diameter of 2 cm and 4 cm respectively is covered
with 3 cm layer of insulation (k=0.2 W/mK). If the inside and outside of the combination are at
6000C and 1000C respectively, determine the heat loss from the unit length of the pipe. Also
determine the pipe insulation interface temperature.

Last date of submission: 2075/04/16