Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 9 views

    7 - Thermodynamics - Lecture 7

    Uploaded by

    Ramy Maamoun
    This document discusses endothermic and exothermic processes, phase changes, enthalpy, thermochemical equations, calorimetry, and heat capacities. [1] Endothermic processes absorb heat from the surroundings during melting, boiling, or sublimation, while exothermic processes release heat during freezing, condensation, or deposition. [2] Enthalpy is a measure of the heat gained or lost by a system during a chemical or physical change at constant pressure, and can be used to determine if a process is endothermic or exothermic based on the sign of ΔH. [3] Thermochemical equations relate the heat of a reaction to chemical changes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    7 - Thermodynamics - Lecture 7

    Uploaded by

    Ramy Maamoun
    9 views19 pages
    This document discusses endothermic and exothermic processes, phase changes, enthalpy, thermochemical equations, calorimetry, and heat capacities. [1] Endothermic processes absorb heat from the surroundings during melting, boiling, or sublimation, while exothermic processes release heat during freezing, condensation, or deposition. [2] Enthalpy is a measure of the heat gained or lost by a system during a chemical or physical change at constant pressure, and can be used to determine if a process is endothermic or exothermic based on the sign of ΔH. [3] Thermochemical equations relate the heat of a reaction to chemical changes

    Original Description:

    Thermodynamics

    Original Title

    7- Thermodynamics - Lecture 7

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses endothermic and exothermic processes, phase changes, enthalpy, thermochemical equations, calorimetry, and heat capacities. [1] Endothermic processes absorb heat from the surroundings during melting, boiling, or sublimation, while exothermic processes release heat during freezing, condensation, or deposition. [2] Enthalpy is a measure of the heat gained or lost by a system during a chemical or physical change at constant pressure, and can be used to determine if a process is endothermic or exothermic based on the sign of ΔH. [3] Thermochemical equations relate the heat of a reaction to chemical changes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views19 pages

    7 - Thermodynamics - Lecture 7

    Uploaded by

    Ramy Maamoun
    This document discusses endothermic and exothermic processes, phase changes, enthalpy, thermochemical equations, calorimetry, and heat capacities. [1] Endothermic processes absorb heat from the surroundings during melting, boiling, or sublimation, while exothermic processes release heat during freezing, condensation, or deposition. [2] Enthalpy is a measure of the heat gained or lost by a system during a chemical or physical change at constant pressure, and can be used to determine if a process is endothermic or exothermic based on the sign of ΔH. [3] Thermochemical equations relate the heat of a reaction to chemical changes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 19

    1

    absorbed by
    In endothermic processes, heat is _________
    the system.
    melting
    boiling
    sublimation

    released by
    In exothermic processes, heat is ________
    the system.
    freezing
    condensation
    deposition
    Water Phase Change Diagram
    • Exothermic process is any process that gives off heat –
    The energy will be listed as a product.

    2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O (l) + energy

    H2O (g) H2O (l) + energy


    Endothermic process is any process in which heat is
    required by the system. The energy is listed as a reactant.

    energy + 2HgO (s) 2Hg (l) + O2 (g)

    energy + H2O (s) H2O (l)


    Enthalpy is used to measure the heat that is
    either gained or lost by a system that is at
    constant pressure.

    ΔH = Hproducts – Hreactants

    When ΔH is +, the system... has gained heat.(ENDO)


    When ΔH is –, the system... has lost heat. (EXO)

    • Enthalpy is an extensive property, meaning that…the


    amount of material affects its value
    Enthalpy (H)
    Thermochemical Equations

    H2O (s) H2O (l) ΔH = 6.01 kJ/mol ΔH = 6.01 kJ

    If you reverse a reaction, the sign of ΔH changes

    H2O (l) H2O (s) ΔH =- 6.01 kJ

    If you multiply both sides of the equation by a factor n,


    then ΔH must change by the same factor n.

    2H2O (s) 2H2O (l)

    ΔH = 2 mol x 6.01 kJ/mol = 12.0 kJ


    Thermochemical Equations

    The physical states of all reactants and products must be


    specified in thermochemical equations.
    H2O (s) H2O (l) ΔH = 6.01KJ
    H2O (l) H2O (g) ΔH = 44.0 KJ

    Practice Question:
    How much heat is evolved when 266 g of white
    phosphorus (P4) burns in air? ΔHreaction = -3013 kJ
    Calorimetry: the measurement of heat flow

    A Calorimeter is used to measure the heat changes

    molar heat (capacity): amt. of heat needed to raise


    temp. of 1 mol of a substance
    J/ C *mol or J/ K*mol

    specific heat (capacity): amt. of heat needed to raise


    temp. of 1 g of a substance
    J/ C *g or J/ K*g
    We calculate the heat a substance loses or gains using:

    q = m c ΔT AND q = m cX

    (for within a given (for between two states


    state of matter) of matter when temp is
    constant)
    q = heat
    m = amount of substance
    c = substance’s heat capacity
    ΔT = temperature change
    cX = heat of fusion (s/l)
    or heat of vaporization (l/g)
    Heat capacities of metals are very low when
    compared to water or other substances.
    Typical Heating Curve

    g
    l/g
    Temp.

    l
    s/l
    s

    HEAT
    Practice Problem
    A lead (Pb) pellet having a mass of 26.47 g at 89.98°C
    was placed in a constant-pressure calorimeter
    containing 100.0 mL of water. The water temperature
    rose from 22.50°C to 23.17°C.

    What is the specific heat of the lead pellet?


    A sketch of the initial and final situation is as follows:

    We know the masses of water and the lead pellet as well as the initial and final
    temperatures. Assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings, we can equate the heat lost by
    the lead pellet to the heat gained by the water. Knowing the specific heat of water, we can
    then calculate the specific heat of lead.
    Because the heat lost by the lead pellet is equal to the heat
    gained by the water,
    qPb = −280.3 J.
    18
    19

    You might also like