University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

A.C. Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Philippines

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Name: Calinawan, Angel Marie P. Class Schedule: TTHS 2:30-3:30

BSA 3

CHAPTER 1

I. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BUSINESS ANALYTICS.

Descriptive Analysis 1.The CEO wants to understand the impact of an advertising campaign by comparing
the current sales from last year.
Descriptive Analysis 2.In a meeting, there was a review of business performance to find problems or areas
of opportunity.
Descriptive Analysis 3.The manager wants to see the number and types of complaints resolved for the first
quarter.
Descriptive Analysis 4.The sales agent sent a report classifying the customers into different segments.
Predictive Analysis 5.A team of market researchers estimates the total revenue that will be generated thru
the marketing campaign executed by the company.
Predictive Analysis 6.In the third quarter, the manager created a chart showing the possible movements
of prices of their products in the 4th quarter. 
Predictive Analysis 7.Sales manager created a technique that computes the demand for the next year.
Prescriptive Analysis 8.The company is developing a tool that helps to determine the best pricing to
maximize revenue.
Prescriptive Analysis 9.The broker uses software to define the optimal mix of investments in a stock
portfolio. 
Prescriptive Analysis 10.The manager wants to know the amount to be deducted to the advertising
expenses in order to increase profit.

II. What are other examples of Metrics/KPIs? What are they monitoring and how important are they to a
company’s success?
The following are the examples of commonly used metrics:
 Sales vs. Targets
- Monitors the actual no. of sales from its target one. It helps the company to know what needs
to be done in order for the Sales to rise up and be greater than the target sales.
 Current Period Sales vs. Previous Period Sales
- Monitors sales over various periods of time. It will help the company to know the
performance of the company by looking up sales in different periods in time.
 Sales vs. Returns
- Monitors how much of the products are actually delivered without any issues to its customers.
This helps the company to be more meticulous about the product being delivered, ensuring no
problems could arise with that being sold to the customer.
 Sales vs. Invoice
- Monitors the actual sales through invoices. It will help the company to keep track of those
partial billings so that 100% fulfillment can be achieved.
 Truck Utilization
- Monitors the maximization of how each is truck is used. It helps to ensure that the truck is
used close to full capacity (in terms of dimensions and weight) and have routes that will serve
the most customers coming to and from the distribution center.
 Customer Segmentation
- Monitors the group of customers who will buy the product. This metric will enable the
business to know which of their customers make up the bulk of sales. Customers can be
segmented by Gender, Age, Location, Industry, etc. Knowing the customer segmentation and
the performance of each segment will help create a more focused marketing campaign.
 Hiring Rates
- Monitors applicants and how they get past each stage of hiring to figure out if new hiring
practices should be relaxed or be more stringent. It will help the company to evaluate
employees assigned in hiring at the rate they are able to process applicants from initial
interview to final contract signing.
 Occupancy Rate
 University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
A.C. Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Philippines
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY
- Monitors the number of rooms being used by customers. This will help the management in
determining lean and peak seasons for the business, which helps set expectations and help
ease preparations when a sudden influx of occupants appear.
 Service Level Agreement
- Monitors the effectiveness of the organization. It helps the company to keep track of support
tickets and team utilization.
 Lead Summary
- Monitors how the company will have its marketing campaign. It helps the enterprise in
knowing which method would help the company resources have impact in trying to drum up
interest on a product and/or brand awareness.

III. If you were an owner of a company/enterprise, how would you implement Business Analytics?
Business analytics initiatives in the era of Big Data usually follow an eight-step cycle:
 Understand the company's products in depth.
 Establish tracking mechanisms to retrieve the data about the products.
 Deploy good-quality data throughout the enterprise.
 Apply real-time analysis to the data.
 Use business intelligence to standardize reporting.
 Use more advanced analytics functions to discover important patterns.
 Obtain insights to extract relevant knowledge from the patterns.
 Make decisions to derive value using the knowledge discovered.
Reference: https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2264648&seqNum=4

CHAPTER 2

1. What are the three major components of the System Landscape? 

The three major components of the System Landscape are the following:
 Data Sources
 Enterprise Data Warehouse
 Reporting and Analysis Tools
2. How does data travel in an enterprise so that meaningful reports can be derived?
Data gets transformed into information in an enterprise, from Data sources where transactions that
occur are entered into the system or database called Enterprise Data Warehouse for storage then
lastly, to the Reporting and Analysis Tools where these data entered are recombined to make a report
for the business users to make economic decisions for their company.
3. Why is an Enterprise Data Warehouse needed?
Enterprise Data Warehouse is needed because it is where data is stored. The Enterprise Data
Warehouse is built in order to consolidate the disparate data sources so that only the data necessary for
reporting will actually be used.
4. What reliability issues would you suspect if there are small numerical discrepancies from one part of
the System Landscape to another?
- Rounding Errors and Truncation
5. What other data reliability issues could arise in an enterprise?
 Inconsistent Terminologies
 Rounding Errors and Truncation
 Null and Zeroes
 Incorrect Inputs
 Outright Data Discrepancies
University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
A.C. Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Philippines
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY
 University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
A.C. Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Philippines
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Name: Calinawan, Angel Marie P. Class Schedule: TTHS 8:30 – 9:30

Course & Year: BSA 3 Subject: ACCTG 326

Operations Auditing: A
reflection journal
Operations auditing was far more complicated than I thought. It takes a lot of thorough
tests and evaluation to check a company’s status regarding their internal control especially for
the operations done in their business. Each department are audited with regards to their
procedures providing that each operates differently. With that said, there are a lot of things that
we should keep in mind.

Auditing is crucial in ensuring the integrity and efficiency of various functions within a
company. It plays a vital role in sales, market, and distribution by assessing the accuracy of
financial transactions, verifying the effectiveness of marketing strategies, and ensuring
compliance with distribution agreements. In operations and resource management, auditing helps
identify operational inefficiencies, assess resource allocation, and implement effective control
measures. Auditing contracts and purchasing function ensures compliance with contractual
obligations, evaluates supplier performance, and safeguards against fraud. Moreover, auditing
the finance and accounting function guarantees accurate financial reporting, detects errors or
irregularities, and enhances transparency. Evaluating the internal audit function overall
strengthens the company's internal controls, risk management, and compliance framework. In
summary, auditing is essential for the company as a whole as it fosters trust, identifies areas for
improvement, and mitigates risks.

Name: Calinawan, Angel Marie P. Class Schedule: TTHS 8:30 – 9:30

Course & Year: BSA 3 Subject: ACCTG 324
 University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
A.C. Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Philippines
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Specialized Industries: A
reflection journal
Audited financial statements play a significant role in various industries, including BPO, Banking,
HMO, Holding entities, and Real Estate. Although the importance of audited financial statements remains
consistent across these industries, their specific focus and requirements may differ.

In the BPO industry, audited financial statements are crucial for demonstrating financial stability and
reliability to clients and investors. These statements provide transparency regarding the company's financial
performance, cash flow, and adherence to regulatory requirements.

For the Banking industry, audited financial statements are essential in establishing trust and
confidence among depositors and stakeholders. They provide an accurate picture of the bank's financial health,
risk management practices, and compliance with banking regulations.

In the HMO industry, audited financial statements are vital for assuring members, healthcare
providers, and regulatory authorities about the organization's financial strength, solvency, and ability to meet
obligations related to medical claims and services.

In Holding entities, audited financial statements are necessary for consolidating and presenting the
financial position and performance of subsidiary companies. These statements help stakeholders assess the
overall performance and value of the holding company and its subsidiaries.

In the Real Estate industry, audited financial statements are critical for investors, lenders, and
developers. They provide an accurate assessment of the company's assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and
property valuations, enabling informed investment decisions and ensuring compliance with regulatory
requirements.

Each transaction cycle within these industries has its own importance. In the BPO industry, the
revenue cycle is crucial as it involves billing, collection, and recognition of revenue. In Banking, the loan cycle
is significant as it involves loan origination, underwriting, disbursement, and repayment. In the HMO industry,
the claims cycle is vital as it involves processing and adjudicating medical claims. In Holding entities, the
investment and divestment cycles are critical as they involve acquiring and disposing of subsidiaries or
investments. In Real Estate, the property acquisition and development cycles are important as they involve
acquiring, developing, and selling properties.

In summary, audited financial statements are vital across these industries to ensure financial
transparency, compliance, and trust among stakeholders. The importance of each transaction cycle varies based
on the specific industry, addressing key operational aspects to support the industry's unique requirements.

Name: Oyao, Simona Kem B. Class Schedule: TTHS 8:30 – 9:30

Course & Year: BSA 3 Subject: ACCTG 324

Specialized Industries: A
reflection journal
 University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
A.C. Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Philippines
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Auditing and assurance are vital for maintaining the

trustworthiness of financial data and operational procedures in various
specialized industries. Each of these industries has its own distinct
features and regulatory frameworks, necessitating auditors and assurance
professionals with specialized knowledge and expertise. The class has
been divided into groups and been assigned into different industries to
discuss it. We will explore some of these specialized industries and
highlight the importance of auditing and assurance within them.

As I was assigned to discuss the HMO or Health Maintenance

Organization, it was an understandable topic. It is a healthcare delivery
system that enables individuals to receive a wide range of medical help
from a network of physicians contracted within an organization. HMOs
continue to serve a significant portion of the population. Their focus on
cost effective care, make them a relevant option for individuals,
employers, and insurance companies seeking efficient and affordable
healthcare solutions. It aims to detect health issues early, which can lead
to better health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs in the long run.

As for the other industries discussed by my classmate which are

the BPO, Real estate, Banking and Holding entities, it has been
discussed well and provides us an informative presentation. These
specialized industries often focus on specific areas of expertise, allowing
them to concentrate their efforts on giving good services in the
economy.

Name: Oyao, Simona Kem B. Class Schedule: TTHS 8:30 – 9:30

Course & Year: BSA 3 Subject: ACCTG 326

Operations Auditing: A
reflection journal
 University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
A.C. Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Philippines
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

I learned that Operations auditing is the process of  reviewing and

evaluating the operations and processes within an organization. The
topic is a bit complicated because it has many things to remember. I
learned that Control objectives are the goals or targets that an
organization aims to achieve. Risk control issues, on the other hand,
refer to the potential risks and uncertainties that can arise. Moreover, Its
primary objective is to identify areas of improvement and to ensure that
the organization's operations are aligned with its goals and objectives
while ensuring compliance with relevant laws and regulations. It also
plays an important role in promoting transparency, accountability, and
continuous improvement within an organization and  helps to identify
risks. 

I find the subject difficult, yet it is still interesting. The entire

group discussed it in really helpful ways and explained it very clearly so
that we could understand it simply.  They provide us with a real-life
example to which we can relate and become more involved in class. This
can help us with future problems.