Civil Aviation Requirements 1

Prof. Dr J.ASHOK BABU MS (Engg) ,FIE, MBA ,Ph.D.

School of Aeronautical Sciences
2/7/2023
HITS
MODULE 1:
INDIAN AIRCRAFT RULES 1937 AND RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Knowledge of aircraft act, 1934, aircraft rules, 1937 as far as they
related to airworthiness and safety of aircraft. Knowledge of civil
airworthiness requirements, aeronautical information circulars,
aeronautical information publications- (relating to airworthiness),
advisory circulars & A.M.E. notices (NOTAMS) by DGCA
 DGCA

The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the Indian

governmental regulatory body for civil aviation under the
Ministry of Civil Aviation.
 DGCA-CAR

➢ The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is

responsible for regulation of air transport services
to/from/within India and for enforcement of civil air
regulations, air safety, and airworthiness standards.
 Issue of the Civil Aviation Requirements and
revisions thereof etc. –

• Civil Aviation Requirements under various sections are

issued bearing different “series” identified by alphabetical
letters, namely Series A, B, C etc. and under the same
Series, various ”Parts” are issued, such as Part I, II, III,
etc..
• SECTION 1 – GENERAL SERIES 'A' PART I issue of
the CAR and revisions
 Non- compliance of CAR

• Every direction issued by DGCA in the form of CARs

shall be complied with by the person or organization to
whom such direction is issued.
• Non- compliance with the provisions of the CAR shall
attract penalty as provided in Schedule VI of the Aircraft
Rules, 1937.
 CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 1 - GENERAL

SECTION 2 - AIRWORTHINESS

SECTION 3 - AIR TRANSPORT

SECTION 4 - AERODROME STANDARDS AND LICENSING

SECTION 5 - AIR SAFETY

SECTION 6 - DESIGN STANDARDS AND TYPE CERTIFICATION

SECTION 7 - FLIGHT CREW STANDARDS, TRAINING AND LICENSING

SECTION 8 - AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS

SECTION 9 - AIR SPACE AND AIR NAVIGATION STANDARDS

SECTION 10 - AVIATION ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

SECTION 11 - SAFE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR

THE AIRCRAFT ACT, 1934
Updated: November 09, 2022

• An Act to make better provision for the control of the

manufacture, possession, use, operation, sale, import
and export of aircraft.
 Ministry of Civil Aviation

➢ The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for formulation

of national policies and programs for the development and
regulation of the Civil Aviation sector in the country.

➢ National Civil Aviation Policy 2016

 DGCA announces improvement in Aviation Safety Ranking

• New Delhi. 14 December 2022.

• ICAO team has informed DGCA that the Effective
Implementation of India has increased to 85.49% from
the previous 69.95%.
 ICAO

• A team of Auditors from International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO) conducted an audit of Directorate
General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) from 09.11.2022 to
16.11.2022.
• During the closing briefing, the ICAO team informed
DGCA that the Effective Implementation of India has
increased to 85.49% from the previous 69.95%
 EPPM

• DGCA initiates enforcement action against the

airlines/operator as per the procedure given in
Enforcement Policy and Procedures Manual (EPPM)
which includes warning, suspension, cancellation of
approval/ licence including imposition of financial penalty
on the personnel involved/ airline.
 NCAP –Vision

➢ To create an eco-system to make flying affordable for the

masses and to enable 30 crore domestic ticketing by 2022 and
50 crore by 2027, and international ticketing to increase to 20
crore by 2027. Similarly, cargo volumes should increase to 10
million tones by 2027.
 NCAP-Mission

➢ Provide safe, secure, affordable and sustainable air travel for

passengers and air transportation of cargo with access to
various parts of India and the world.
 NCAP-Objectives

➢ Establish an integrated eco-system which will lead to

significant growth of civil aviation sector, which in turn
would promote tourism, increase employment and lead
to a balanced regional growth.

➢ Ensure safety, security and sustainability of aviation

sector through the use of technology and effective
monitoring.
 NCAP-Objectives

➢ Enhance regional connectivity through fiscal support and

infrastructure development.

➢ Enhance ease of doing business through deregulation,

simplified procedures and e-governance.
 NCAP-Objectives

➢ Promote the entire aviation sector chain in a harmonized

manner covering cargo, MRO, general aviation, aerospace
manufacturing and skill development.
 Policy Areas

➢ Regional connectivity
➢ Safety
➢ Air Transport Operations
➢ Route Dispersal Guidelines
➢ 5/20 Requirement for International Operations
➢ Bilateral traffic rights
➢ Code-share agreements
➢ Fiscal Support
➢ Airports developed by State Govt, Private sector or in PPP
mode
 Policy Areas

➢ Airports Authority of India

➢ Air Navigation Services
➢ Aviation security, Immigration and Customs
➢ Helicopters
➢ Charters
➢ Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul
➢ Ground handling
➢ Air-cargo
➢ Aeronautical ‘ Make in India’
 Policy Areas

➢ Aviation education and skill development

➢ Sustainable aviation
➢ Essential Services Maintenance Act, 1968
➢ Miscellaneous
 THE AIRCRAFT RULES, 1937

• General Conditions of Flying (4 - 20)

• General Safety Conditions (21 - 29D)
• Airworthiness (49 - 62)
• Issue of special flight permit (55A)
 Aircraft Rule 55A

• 55A. Issue of Special Flight Permit - (1) The Director-General may issue a special flight
permit when an aircraft is not fully in compliance with the airworthiness requirements but is in
a condition for safe operation subject to such conditions as are specified in the special flight
permit.
• (2) The owner or operator of an aircraft may apply to the Director-General for the issue of a
special flight permit in respect of the aircraft for any of the purposes as specified by the
Director-General.
• (3) The Director-General may issue a special flight permit in respect of an aircraft when, -
• (a) an applicant furnishes such documents as may be specified by the Director-General; and
• (b) the Director-General is satisfied that the aircraft is in a condition for safe operation.
 GENERAL ADVISORY CIRCULAR-DGCA

• The DGCA issues circulars with a view to advising the

aviation community in a systematic way the non-
regulatory and regulatory material.
GENERAL ADVISORY CIRCULAR-DGCA
areas:

1. General 2. Airworthiness 3. Air Transport 4.

Aerodrome 5. Air Safety 6. Design Standards and
Type Certification 7. Flight Crew Licensing
areas:

• 8. Flight Crew Training

• 9. Cabin Crew
• 10. Operations
• 11. Air Space and Air Traffic Management
• 12. Aviation Environment Protection
• 13. Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
Flight crew Circulars
 Notice to Airmen (NOTAM),

• Notice to Airmen (NOTAM), Also known as Notice to Air

Mission (FAA definition), is a notice containing information
concerning the establishment, condition or change in any
aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely
knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight
operations.
 AIC-Aeronautical Information Circulars

• This AIC is issued for dissemination of the decisions

contained in the Ministry of Civil Aviation's letter No. AV-
24011/3/2019-AAI-MOCA dated 06.09.2019 and AV-
13024/5/2019- AS-MOCA dated 07.01.2020.
 DGCA -Departments

➢ Administration
➢ Aerodrome Standards
➢ Air Safety
➢ Air Transport
➢ Airworthiness
➢ Flight Standards
 DGCA -Departments

➢ Information & Regulation

➢ Aircraft Engineering
➢ Flying Training
➢ Medical Section
➢ Training & Licensing
➢ Airspace and Air Navigation Services
 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION CIRCULARS

AIC SI. No.03/2022 25th February, 2022

• GRANT OF PERMISSION FOR PROVIDING GROUND

HANDLING SERVICES AT AIRPORTS OTHER THAN
THOSE BELONGING TO THE AIRPORTS AUTHORITY
OF INDIA
 Ground handling

• ground handling" means services necessary for an

aircraft's arrival at, and departure from, an airport other
than air traffic control and it includes—
• (i) ramp handling including activities as specified at
Annexure 'A’;
• (ii) traffic handling including activities as specified at
Annexure 'B'; and
• (iii) any other activity specified by the Central
Government from time to time;
 Type certificate –

• A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a

particular category of aircraft, according to its
manufacturing design (type design).

• It confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for

serial production, is in compliance with applicable
airworthiness requirements established by the
national air law
 HANSA -3

• HANSA-3 is India’s first all-composite light two seat

airplane designed and developed indigenously by CSIR-
National Aerospace Laboratories ideally suited for ab-
initio flying training, sport and hobby flying.
• Certified by Directorate General of Civil Aviation under
JAR-VLA in the year 2000, HANSA aircraft is lightning
protected, and is cleared for VFR and Night Flight
Operations and has excellent flying qualities.
• .
Type Certificate
 Module 2

• MODULE 2: C.A.R. SERIES“B "and “C"

• C.A.R. series “B” – Minimum Equipment List (MEL),
preparation and use of cockpit check list and emergency
check list.
• C.A.R. series ‘C’ – Defect recording, reporting,
investigation, rectification and analysis
 Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
or
Deficiency list

• CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2 -

AIRWORTHINESS SERIES 'B', PART I
• Dated 21ST AUGUST, 1990
• Rev 7 dated 10th May 2022
 SERIES 'B', PART I

• This part of Civil Aviation Requirements specifies the

procedure for framing, approval and the use of the
acceptable deficiency list (MEL) for aircraft engaged in
scheduled, non-scheduled and general aviation
operations
 Purpose of MEL

• MEL is intended to permit operation with inoperative

items of equipment for a period of time until repairs
can be accomplished.
 Applicability

• Sub rule (5) of rule 60 of the Aircraft Rules, 1937 states

that no aircraft shall be released for flight with defects/
damage unless these are covered in the approved
deficiency list/ Minimum Equipment List (MEL).

• All Scheduled, Nonscheduled and General Aviation

operators shall prepare MEL on the basis of Master
Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) issued by the State of
design/ manufacture.
 MEL

• This CAR is issued under the provision of Rule 133A of

the Aircraft Rules, 1937.
 Operator’s Minimum Equipment List and
responsibilities

• The operator is required to prepare the MEL based on

the MMEL issued by the state of design / manufactures
for the use and guidance of flight and ground operation
person..
 Framing of MEL

• The MEL shall be prepared based on the MMEL.

• It shall be ensured that the MMEL has all the latest
revisions approved by the regulatory authority of the
country of design/ manufacture.
 Defects.

• Category ‘A
• Category ‘B
• Category ‘C
• Category ‘D
 MEL shall define the rectification interval of the
defects.

• Category ‘A’: Items in this category shall be repaired

within the time interval specified in the remarks column
of the MEL.

• Category ‘B’: Items in this category shall be repaired

within three (3) consecutive calendar days, excluding the
day the malfunction was recorded in the aircraft
maintenance record/logbook.
 MEL shall define the rectification interval of the
defects.

• Category ‘C’: Items in this category shall be repaired

within ten (10) consecutive calendar days, excluding the
day the malfunction was recorded in the aircraft
maintenance record/logbook.
 MEL shall define the rectification interval of the
defects.

• Category ‘D’: Items in this category shall be repaired

within one hundred and twenty (120) consecutive
calendar days, excluding the day the malfunction was
recorded
 . Approval of MEL

• The MEL (in duplicate) along with a copy of the MMEL

shall be submitted to the Regional Airworthiness Office
(RAO) at the station, where the aircraft is mainly based
for approval.
• While submitting the MEL and its revisions for approval,
the operator shall ensure that these conform to the latest
revision of MMEL.
• The MMEL revision number shall be indicated on the
MEL
 Use of MEL

• Notwithstanding the MEL, an AME need not certify the

aircraft for 'Flight' or a Pilot need not accept the aircraft
 Record of defects carried forward under MEL

• Operators shall maintain a record of all releases under

MEL. The records shall be checked by DGCA officers /
inspectors during their surveillance.
MEL
 MEL

• AFM: Aircraft Flight Manual

• AMO: Approved Maintenance Organization
• AWI: Airworthiness Inspector
• BFE: Buyer Furnished Equipment
• CARs: Civil Aviation Regulations
• CDL: Configuration Deviation List
• DDG: Dispatch Deviation Guide
• DDPG: Dispatch Deviation Procedures Guide Conditions
 MEL

• ETOPS: Extended Range Twin Operations

• FOI: Flight Operations Inspector
• IFR: Instrument Flight Rules
• IMC: Instrument Meteorological Conditions
• MEL: Minimum Equipment List
• MMEL: Master Minimum Equipment List
 MEL

• NEF: Nonessential Equipment and Furnishings

• RI: Rectification Interval
• RIE: Rectification Interval Extension Seq:
• Sequence number
• VFR: Visual Flight Rules
• VMC: Visual Meteorological
 Module 2 -Cockpit Check list"

• This CAR is issued in supersession of CAR Section 2

Series B Part II Issue II dated 23.05.1978

• The CAR is issued under the provisions of Rule 133A of

the Aircraft Rules, 1937 for compliance by the concerned
agencies
 CAR –Cockpit check list

• Rule 7B of Aircraft Rules, 1937 requires every aircraft,

registered in India, to carry on board "Cockpit check List"
and "Emergency Check List" as specified by the Director
General of Civil Aviation for the particular type of aircraft.

• This part of the CAR specifies the procedure to be

followed for preparation and use of check lists.
 CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 8 – AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS

• "Cockpit Check list" means a list containing items of

inspection/action to be performed by the flight crew, in
the order as listed, and in the circumstances as indicated
for ensuring safe operation of aircraft.
 Emergency Check List

• "Emergency Check List" means a list containing items of

action to be performed by the flight crew in the order as
listed, whenever emergent situations develop in flight on
account of failure/malfunction of aircraft
systems/components and requiring extra alertness on
the part of flight crew, for ensuring safe operation of
aircraft
 Alterations in Check lists

• DGCA may require alterations to check lists, based on

operational experience, which shall be carried out by
concerned operators.
 Module 2 Defects

• Defect recording, reporting, investigation, rectification

and analysis
 Aircraft component

• Aircraft component: means any part, the soundness and

correct functioning of which, when fitted on an aircraft, is
essential to the continued airworthiness or safety of the
aircraft, and includes any item of equipment.
 Repetitive Defect

• Repetitive Defect: means a defect in an aircraft

(including its components and systems) which recurs, in
spite of rectification attempt, on the same aircraft
 Maintenance:

• Maintenance: The performance of tasks required to

ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft
including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection,
replacement, defect rectification, and a modification or
repair
Maintenance challenges
 Repair

• Repair: The restoration of an Aeronautical product to an

airworthy condition to ensure that the aircraft continues
to comply with the design aspects of the appropriate
airworthiness requirements used for the issuance of the
Type Certificate for the respective aircraft type, after it
has been damaged or subjected to wear
 Major Defect

• Major Defect: means a defect of such nature that

reduces the safety of the aircraft or its occupants and
includes defects discovered as a result of the occurrence
of any emergency or in the course of normal operation of
maintenance
 Initial Information –Major Defects

• Initial Information”: - All defects classified as "major" or

those requiring "major repair" or which are serious in
nature and attracting public attention shall be intimated
immediately on telephone by all Operators/
Organisations to RAWO followed by written information.
• The written information containing at least the details
shall be forwarded, within 72 hours in the format
prescribed at Appendix ‘II’.
 Final Report –Major Defects

• a) Identification of parts/ systems involved.

• (b) Apparent or actual cause of the defect.
• (c) Life of affected component since new and since last
inspection, in terms of flight hours/ landings/ cycles.
• (d) Action taken by the operator to prevent recurrence.
(e) Any disciplinary action, taken by the operator, against
any of its employees,
• and (f) Whether the operator considers the investigation
"closed" or "open" and if "open "the time it would take to
complete the investigation.
 SAMPLE FORMAT OF DEFECT REPORT

• CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 2 –

AIRWORTHINESS SERIES 'C' PART I
• 12TH MARCH, 1980 Rev. 7, 14 December 2017 10
Appendix – II

•
 SAMPLE FORMAT OF DEFECT REPORT

• NAME OF THE ORGANIZATION:

• TYPE OF AIRCRAFT:
• TYPE OF ENGINE: - A/C REGN: VT-________
• PLACE OF OCCURANCE: _______________
• DATE OF OCCURENCE: FLIGHT NO : __________
SECTOR : _______________

• SNAG REPORTED BY PILOT/ OBSERVED BY AME: -

NAME OF PILOT / AME AND LIC. NO. :
 SAMPLE FORMAT OF DEFECT REPORT

• CLASSIFICATION OF DEFECT :- MAJOR / MINOR

(Strike Out whichever is not applicable) DETAIL OF
DEFECT:
_____________________________________________
______________________
_____________________________________________
______________________
______________________________________
RECTIFICATION ACTION TAKEN :
_____________________________________________
______________________
_____________________________________________
______________________
______________________________________
 SAMPLE FORMAT OF DEFECT REPORT

• COMPONENTS REPLACED: P/N S/N (IF APPLICABLE)

• OFF NO.: INSTALLED NO. :
• STATUS OF INVESTIGATION : - OPEN / CLOSE (Strike
Out whichever is not applicable) REMARKS :
_____________________________________________
______________________ ___________________
SIGNATURE