DATABASE DESIGN

AND MANAGEMENT
TS. NGUYỄN HOÀNG LONG
0916666384
nguyenhoanglong@humg.edu.vn
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
LO 1 LO 4
Understand relational data model in Interpret a given data model to
terms of data structure, data integrity, query the database and transform
the data into information using SQL
and data manipulation
(Structured Query Language)

LO 2 LO 5
Understand and be able to Implement a data model in a
develop conceptual database modern RDBMS (PostgreSQL)
models utilizing entity-
relationship

LO 3 LO 6
Design data structures that will Present the team’s technical report
limit redundancy and enforce both orally and in writing
data integrity while
conforming to organizational
requirements utilizing
normalization methodology
 CIRICULUM
Content 4
Content 3
Introduction to database design Relational model

Content 5
Normalisation
Content 2
Database management system

Content 6
Advanced structured query language
Content 1
Introduction to database
 ASSESSMENTS

B1 (10%) A (60%)
The assessment is based on the • Quizz (10%)
submitted homework • The assessment is based on the
final project

Attendances – 10%
The assessment is based
on based on the student’s
B2 – MidTerm project (20%) attendances
The assessment is based on the midterm
project
 DATA

• Data is a collection of a distinct small unit

of information.
• Data can come in the form of text,
observations, figures, images, numbers,
graphs, or symbols.
• For example, data might include individual
prices, weights, addresses, ages, names,
temperatures, dates, or distances
• It can be stored in pieces of paper or
electronic memory, etc.
 DATA

• Data is a raw form of knowledge and, on

its own, doesn’t carry any significance or
purpose.
• Users have to interpret data for it to have
meaning.
• Data can be simple—and may even seem
useless until it is analyzed, organized, and
interpreted.
 TYPES OF
DATA
• Quantitative data is provided in
numerical form, like the weight,
volume, or cost of an item.
• Qualitative data is descriptive,
but non-numerical, like the
name, sex, or eye color of a
person.
DATA
DATA VS INFORMATION
 INFORMATION

• Information is defined as knowledge gained through study,

communication, research, or instruction.
• Information is the result of analyzing and interpreting pieces of
data.
• For example, a set of data could include temperature readings in
a location over several years. Without any additional context,
those temperatures have no meaning. However, when scientists
analyze and organize that information, they could determine
seasonal temperature patterns or even broader climate trends.
• Only when the data is organized and compiled in a useful way, it
can provide information that is beneficial to others.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DATA VS INFORMATION

DATA INFORMATION
Data is a collection of facts Information puts those facts into context

Data is raw and unorganized Information is organized.

Data points are individual and sometimes Information maps out that data to provide a
unrelated big-picture view of how it all fits together

When data is analyzed and interpreted, it

Data, on its own, is meaningless
becomes meaningful information
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DATA VS INFORMATION

DATA INFORMATION
Data does not depend on information Information depends on data

Information is typically presented

Data typically comes in the form of
through words, language, thoughts, and
graphs, numbers, figures, or statistics
ideas

Data isn’t sufficient for People can make decisions based on

decision-making information
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DATA VS INFORMATION

EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
A customer’s response to an
At a restaurant, a single customer’s
individual customer service survey
bill amount is data. However, when
is a point of data. But when you
the restaurant owners collect and
compile that customer’s responses
interpret multiple bills over a range
over time—and, on a grander
of time, they can produce valuable
scheme, multiple customers’
information, such as what menu
responses over time—you can
items are most popular and whether
develop insights around areas for
the prices are sufficient to cover
improvement within your customer
supplies, overhead, and wages.
service team.
 STORE DATA

IN A FILE IN A DATABASE
 FILE SYSTEM
• In a File System, data is directly stored in set of files.
• It contains flat files that have no relation to other files
FILE SYSTEM EXAMPLE
 DISCUSSION

Is data in file system

Is data in file system
easy to insert, delete and
easy to analyse?
update?

Is data in file system

easy to find relevant
information?
 PRACTICE 1-1

Create file(s) to manage the grades of

students in a module of a particular class.
GROUP DISCUSSION

Create file(s) to manage the grades of

students of a University.
 PRACTICE 1-2

Create file(s) to manage the menu of a

restaurant
GROUP DISCUSSION

Create file(s) to manage the orders for

this above restaurant
 DISCUSSION

Is data in file system

Is data in file system
easy to insert, delete and
easy to analyse?
update?

Is data in file system Is file system suitable to

easy to find relevant store large amount of
information? data?
DRAWBACK OF STORING DATA IN FILE(S)
INSERTION ANOMALY
Tên món ăn giá

Mỳ xào $50,000

Phở xào $50,000 Tên món ăn giá Số lượng Thành tiền

Rau cải xào $45,000 Thịt xiên nướng 50,000 3 $150,000

Thịt bò nướng tảng 250,000 2 $500,000
Tên món ăn giá
Thịt gà nướng 45,000 1 $45,000
Thịt xiên
Phở xào 30,000 2 $60,000
nướng $50,000
Cơm rang 30,000 2 $60,000
Thịt bò nướng $50,000

Thịt gà nướng $45,000

DRAWBACK OF STORING DATA IN FILE(S)
DELETE ANOMALY
Tên món ăn giá

Mỳ xào $50,000

Phở xào $50,000 Tên món ăn giá Số lượng Thành tiền

Rau cải xào $45,000 Thịt xiên nướng 50,000 3 $150,000

Thịt bò nướng 50,000 2 $100,000
Tên món ăn giá
Thịt gà nướng 45,000 1 $45,000
Thịt xiên
Phở xào 50,000 2 $100,000
nướng $50,000

Thịt bò nướng $50,000

Thịt gà nướng $45,000

DRAWBACK OF STORING DATA IN FILE(S)
UPDATE ANOMALY
Tên món ăn giá

Mỳ xào $50,000

Phở xào $50,000

$70,000 Tên món ăn giá Số lượng Thành tiền

Rau cải xào $45,000 Thịt xiên nướng 50,000 3 $150,000

Thịt bò nướng 50,000 2 $100,000
Tên món ăn giá
Thịt gà nướng 45,000 1 $45,000
Thịt xiên
Phở xào 50,000 2 $100,000
nướng $50,000

Thịt bò nướng $50,000

Thịt gà nướng $45,000

 DATABASE

Database is a collection of
interrelated data which helps in
the efficient retrieval, insertion,
and deletion of data from the
database and organizes the data
 DATABASE

Database is a collection of A university database

interrelated data which helps organizes the data about
in the efficient retrieval, students, faculty, admin staff,
insertion, and deletion of data etc. which helps in the
from the database and efficient retrieval, insertion,
organizes the data and deletion of data from it.
 DATABASE

Data can be
A database is an organised into
organized collection tables, rows,
of data, so that it can columns, and index
be easily accessed it to make it easier
and managed. to find relevant
information.

There are
many databases
Modern databases
available like
are managed by the
MySQL, Sybase,
database
Oracle, MongoDB,
management system
Informix,
(DBMS)
PostgreSQL, SQL
Server, etc.
 DATABASE TYPES

RELATIONAL
NOSQL DATABASE
DATABASE
This database is based on the relational data model,
which stores data in the form of rows(tuple) and Non-SQL/Not Only SQL is a type of database that
columns(attributes), and together forms a is used for storing a wide range of data sets.
table(relation).

A relational database uses SQL for storing,

It is not a relational database as it stores data not
manipulating, as well as maintaining the data. E.F.
only in tabular form but in several different ways.
Codd invented the database in 1970.

Each table in the database carries a key that makes NoSQL presented a wide variety of database
the data unique from others. technologies in response to the demands.
 NOSQL DATABASE
• Key-value storage: It is the simplest type of database storage where it
stores every single item as a key (or attribute name) holding its value,
together.

• Document-oriented Database: A type of database used to store data

as JSON-like document. It helps developers in storing data by using
the same document-model format as used in the application code.

• Graph Databases: It is used for storing vast amounts of data in a

graph-like structure. Most commonly, social networking websites use
the graph database.

• Wide-column stores: It is similar to the data represented in relational

databases. Here, data is stored in large columns together, instead of
storing in rows.
HOME WORK

Find two examples of relational database

Find two examples of NoSQL database

CHUẨN BỊ CHO BUỔI HỌC SAU

Sinh viên truy cập vào trang web

https://www.postgresql.org/download/

Tải và cài đặt phần mềm PostgreSQL vào

máy của mình