Plane Geometry Math Review For Entering Bridge Students
Plane Geometry Math Review For Entering Bridge Students
Plane Geometry Math Review For Entering Bridge Students
Classification of triangles:
• Scalene: No two sides are equal in length B
• Isosceles: two sides are equal in length
• Equilateral: all three sides are equal in length c
a
• Right: one angle is 90°
Pythagorean Theorem: + =
Solving for a variable Geometric Formulas: A b C
• Triangle: Perimeter P = a + b + c, Area A = ½ bh;
Hero’s formula for area of triangle:
=
−
−
− =
+ +
where
Circumference = 2 = 2
10 m =
Solution:
Area = =
10 m =
100 m =
pg. 1
Plane Geometry
B C D
∠ = ∠ , ∠" = ∠#
γ
β α
δ
pg. 2
Plane Geometry
• Two distinct lines are parallel (to each other) if they do not intersect (even if they are
extended indefinitely at both ends).
• A transversal of two distinct lines AB and CD is a third line that cuts both AB and CD.
E
% &
# "
A B
'
C D
pg. 3
Plane Geometry
Example F
In the figure, AB // CD and CF, AE meet at the point G. B
D
x E
Find ∠x. G
40° 30°
A
C
Solution: F
Draw a straight line GN parallel to AB and CD through G. B
x1 x D
2
Let ∠EGN = ∠x, so that ∠x = ∠x1 + ∠x2 E
G
Now ∠x1 = 30º (corr. ∠ s of // lines GN and CD)
40° 30°
and ∠x2 = 40º (corr. ∠ s of // lines GN and AB) A
C
Thus ∠x = ∠x1 + ∠x2 = 30º + 40º = 70º
pg. 4
Plane Geometry
y°
x 50°
x°
290°
y
40° 120° z
60°
x°
y°
z°
pg. 5
Plane Geometry
Similar Triangles
R
C
A B
P Q
∆ABC is similar to ∆PQR, denoted by ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, if (and only if) any of the following
conditions is satisfied:
• The three angles of one triangle are equal to the three angles of the other respectively
(abbreviated as AAA):
∠ = ∠0, ∠ = ∠1, ∠ = ∠2
• The ratio of one side of one triangle to one side of the other triangle is equal to the ratio
of another pair of sides of the two triangles, and the included angles of these sides in
the triangles are equal (abbreviated as SAS): for instance,
= and ∠ = ∠0
01 02
• The ratios of the sides of the two triangle are the same for all three sides (abbreviated as
SSS):
= =
01 02 12
Example Find all similar triangles in the figure. A
Solution:
∠ACB = ∠AED = 75°
Hence BC // DE (converse of corr. ∠s of // lines)
75°
B C
Moreover, ∠ABC = ∠ADE (corr. ∠s of // lines)
75°
∴ ∆ABC ∼ ∆ADE D E
pg. 6
Plane Geometry
Solution:
Note ∠ADC = ∠BDA = ∠BAC = 90°
∠DCA = ∠DAB = ∠ACB A B
= +
5
⟹
+ + - = 25 + 144
z y
B D C
⟹++-= √169 = 13
From the previous example, ∆DAB ∼ ∆ACB
= =: ⟹ = ?@> ⟹ - = =
:; <: >
×
CC
<:
B D
Hence
+ + - = 13 ⟹ + = 13 − = D
EE F
B
∠H = ∠
Same angle D
Hence ∆H~∆
AAA
C
8
B
AB AC AD + DB AE + EC
= ⇒ =
AD AE AD AE
DB EC 8 EC
⇒ 1+ =1+ ⇒ =
AD AE 28 21
8 × 21
∴ EC = =6
28
pg. 7
Plane Geometry
Exercises
If DE = 32, find the length of BC. Find x and y.
C
50 9 8
y
E
60
6
15
A 24 D 20 B x
[Answer: =
^_
B
]
[Answers: ) = , + = 10]
E`
B
Find x. Find x.
36 9
12
[Answer: ) = 18]
x
4 6
[Answer: ) = 2]
pg. 8