Lesson 1 - What Is Philosophy What Is Holistic Thinking

LESSON 1: WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? WHAT IS HOLISTIC THINKING?
What do we need to achieve from this lesson:
PPT11/12-Ia-1.1 - Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view

(Nakikilala ang pagkakaiba ng pangkabuuang pananaw mula sa pananaw na mga
bahagi lamang)
PPT11/12-Ib-1.2 - Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad
perspective on life (Nahihinuha na mahalaga ang pamimilosopiya upang magkaroon
ng malawakang pananaw sa buhay)
PPT11/12-Ib-1.3 - Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
perspective (Nakapagmumuni-muni sa isang suliranin sa isang pilosopikong paraan at
nakagagawa ng pamimilosopiya sa buhay)
Noong mga bata pa kayo, anong klaseng mga tanong ang sinasabi ninyo sa
magulang ninyo? May nagbago ba sa inyong mga tanong noong kayo ay nasa
elementary na? junior high school? Ngayong nasa senior high school na kayo,
ano-anong klaseng tanong na ang pumapasok sa isipan ninyo?
Throughout our lives, we have wondered about many things which lead us to ask
a lot of questions. By nature, human beings are inquisitive. Matanong ang tao. Pero
bakit ba tayo nagtatanong? Kasi, we want to understand ourselves (emotions,
experiences), and also to make sense of our world.
May simpleng tanong, may mga kumplikadong tanong. We may ask “simple”
questions, “serious” questions, and “deep” questions. As we grow older, our questions
are influenced by our experiences and circumstances. We find ourselves asking more
“serious” questions such as: “Why do I have to study?” “Why did I fail the subject?”,
or other questions such as “What is love?” “Why do good people suffer?” “Why is
there injustice in this world?” “Is love worth giving up everything?” “Is there life after
death?”
A big part of living is spent pondering many questions, and our lives become
more meaningful because we search for answers to these many, many questions. This
is the essence of philosophy --- the search for answers to life’s “deep” questions.
Share Mo Lang: What questions about your life are you struggling to find answers to?
Share some of them in class.
Part 1: What is PHILOSOPHY?
- The study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes,
reasons, and principles which govern all things.
1
Philosophy is an activity: a quest after wisdom. Philosophy is an activity of thought.
Philosophy is a unique type of thought or style of thinking.
- Philo (love) + Sophia (wisdom)

- "pagmamahal sa karunungan"
Ang tawag sa mga nagmamahal sa karunungan ay PHILOSOPHER. They are the

ones who challenge what is thought to be common sense, don’t know when to stop
asking questions, and reexamine the old ways of thought. Sa Filipino, ito ay
PILOSOPO. Kung mahal mo ang karunungan, ikaw ay matatawag na "lover of
wisdom."
Examples ng mga nagmamahal sa karunungan: Aristotle, Plato, Rene Descartes,

Confucius, Michel Foucault, Lao Tzu, David Hume, at marami pang iba. (Tip: Kung
kaya mo, pwede mo sila i-Google. Tapos sabihin mo sa klase natin next time ang mga
naging paniniwala nila sa buhay.)
Share Mo Lang: Mahal mo ba ang karunungan? Sige nga, paano mo nasabi? What
does it mean to be a lover of wisdom? What characteristics should a philosopher
possess?
Why is there a need to philosophize?
Kung mag-aaral ka ng philosophy, ang sumusunod ang mga dapat mong gawin:
1. Questioning - magtanong. Tungkol saan? Maraming puwedeng itanong tungkol sa

buhay, lovelife, pangarap, may buhay pa talaga pag namatay ka na, mga ganitong
klaseng tanong.
2. Critical discussion - pag-uusapan ang tungkol sa tanong mo. Valid ba ang tanong
mo? Ibig sabihin, pwede bang masagot ang tanong mo GAMIT ANG MALALIM NA
PAG-IISIP? Ung talagang pag-iisipan mo ang tungkol sa tanong mo.
3. Rational argument - pwedeng magtalo-talo kayo ng kausap mong interesado sa

tanong mo. Baka iba ang point of view niya, tapos ikaw may sariling point of view.
Pero tandaan: PAG NAGTALO KAYO, DAPAT MAY KUWENTA ANG MGA
SAGOT MO. Dapat, laging may batayan o valid reason ang mga
paliwanag/explanation mo. Kasi kung walang kwenta, NAGLOLOKOHAN LANG
KAYO. Walang mangyayari sa usapan ninyo.
4. Systematic presentation - syempre, pag nalaman mo na ang sagot sa tanong mo,

ano ang next mong gagawin? Dapat i-share ito sa lahat ng tao, para sila rin ay
makaalam ng sagot sa tanong mo. Lahat ng nakarinig sa iyo, NATUTO. Basta
siguruhin mo lang na di mo sila binobola, or else, NAUTO mo sila. Bad ‘yun.
Ang tawag pala sa apat na ito ay PHILOSOPHICAL METHODS.
2
Part 2: Holistic Perspective
A philosopher once said: “All men by nature desire to know.” Sinabi ‘yan ni Aristotle,
isang Greek philosopher. Naniniwala siyang ang lahat daw ng tao ay gustong
makaalam tungkol sa mga bagay-bagay. Weeh, totoo kaya ito? Ikaw ba? What do you
want to know?
What do we do to find answers? You will INQUIRE or do some inquiry.
Inquiry means an investigation, or asking for information from someone.
There are three kinds of inquiry:
1. Common Sense Inquiry - pagtatanong tungkol sa mga normal na bagay. This is a

basic ability to perceive, understand, and judge things that are shared by (common to)
nearly all people without need for debate.
Example: Pag inihagis ko ang ballpen pataas, ano mangyayari? Kahit sino tanungin
mo, alam nila ang sagot: Babagsak ang ballpen sa sahig. Kasi nga, common sense!
2. Scientific Inquiry - pagtatanong na masasagot ng scientific research. Kailangan

nito ng matinding pruweba. This kind of inquiry refers to the diverse ways in which
scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence
derived from their work.
Example: What is the origin of life? Ano sagot ni Charles Darwin? Evolution! May
iba pang mga sagot ang ibang scientists dahil nag-research sila tungkol dito.
3. Philosophical Inquiry - pagtatanong na medyo malalim ang hugot. Kaya nagiging

mahirap ang pagsagot. This type of inquiry is devoted to the study of the fundamental
nature of knowledge, reality and existence.
Example: What is real? How do we know what we know? Are we free? Ang lalim!
Kailangan talagang pag-isipan ito. Kailangan natin ng philosophical thinking (or
PHILOSOPHIZING).
Philosophical thinking involves resolving confusion, unmasking assumptions,

revealing presuppositions, distinguishing importance, testing positions, correcting
distortions, looking for reasons, examining world-views, and questioning conceptual
frameworks. It also includes dispelling ignorance, enriching understanding,
broadening experience, expanding horizons, developing imagination, controlling
emotion, exploring values, fixing beliefs by rational inquiry, establishing habits of
acting, widening considerations, synthesizing knowledge, and questing for wisdom.
Kapag pinag-isipan natin ang isang bagay, paano natin ito ginagawa? Are we doing a
holistic thinking or partial thinking?
What is the difference between holistic thinking and partial thinking?
Holistic Thinking - recognizing the interconnectedness of various elements that form

larger systems, patterns and objects. Pinag-iisipan mo ang isang bagay sa kabuuan
nito. You see the “big picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or a
problem.
3
Partial Thinking - thinking of or relating to a part rather than the whole. Imbes na
buo ang pagtingin mo sa isang bagay, tinitignan mo ito by parts. The partial thinking
is an important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain
areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand it.
Tandaan: Mahalaga ang partial thinking, pero sa philosophy, mas ginagamit natin
ang holistic thinking to make sense of problems and issues related to the human
experience.
Paano ka mag-isip tungkol sa mga bagay-bagay? Do you see its bigger picture
(holistic thinking) o pinag-iisipan mo ito in parts (partial thinking)?
Share Mo Lang: Pag nagpapayo ka sa kaibigan mo kasi may problema siya sa

pamilya, paano ka magbigay ng payo?
Part 3: The Importance of Philosophy
What are the practical uses of philosophy in our lives? Mahalaga bang pag-aralan ang
Philosophy? Ano ang pakinabang nito sa iyo?
1. Your philosophy is your worldview: Kung ano-ano ang pinaniniwalaan mo,

ginagamit mo ito para maunawaan ang mga nangyayari sa mundo.
2. Examining your philosophy will allow you to discover and root out all errors
and contradictions and allow you to more easily acquire knowledge and to think
in concepts rather than concretes. Ikaw ba, nire-review mo ang mga paniniwala mo?
Baka may mga mali kang paniniwala. Baka may pinaniniwalaan kang wala namang
matibay na pruweba.
3. By studying philosophy, people can clarify what they believe, and they can be
stimulated to think about ultimate questions. Pag pinag-iisipan mo ang mga
paniniwala mo, nalalaman mong may mga tama kang paniniwala, AT MERON DING
MGA MALI. Panahon na para baguhin ang mga maling paniniwala mo!
Share Mo Lang: How can philosophy help you succeed as a student? How can
philosophy help you become a productive individual and citizen of this country?
END OF LESSON 1! Congratulations!
A Philosopher Once Said:
Plato: “Philosophy begins in wonder.”

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LESSON 1: WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? WHAT IS HOLISTIC THINKING?

What do we need to achieve from this lesson:

PPT11/12-Ia-1.1 - Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view

Part 1: What is PHILOSOPHY?

- Philo (love) + Sophia (wisdom)

Ang tawag sa mga nagmamahal sa karunungan ay PHILOSOPHER. They are the

Examples ng mga nagmamahal sa karunungan: Aristotle, Plato, Rene Descartes,

Why is there a need to philosophize?

1. Questioning - magtanong. Tungkol saan? Maraming puwedeng itanong tungkol sa

3. Rational argument - pwedeng magtalo-talo kayo ng kausap mong interesado sa

4. Systematic presentation - syempre, pag nalaman mo na ang sagot sa tanong mo,

Ang tawag pala sa apat na ito ay PHILOSOPHICAL METHODS.

What do we do to find answers? You will INQUIRE or do some inquiry.

Inquiry means an investigation, or asking for information from someone.

There are three kinds of inquiry:

1. Common Sense Inquiry - pagtatanong tungkol sa mga normal na bagay. This is a

2. Scientific Inquiry - pagtatanong na masasagot ng scientific research. Kailangan

3. Philosophical Inquiry - pagtatanong na medyo malalim ang hugot. Kaya nagiging

Philosophical thinking involves resolving confusion, unmasking assumptions,

What is the difference between holistic thinking and partial thinking?

Holistic Thinking - recognizing the interconnectedness of various elements that form

Share Mo Lang: Pag nagpapayo ka sa kaibigan mo kasi may problema siya sa

Part 3: The Importance of Philosophy

1. Your philosophy is your worldview: Kung ano-ano ang pinaniniwalaan mo,

END OF LESSON 1! Congratulations!

A Philosopher Once Said:

Plato: “Philosophy begins in wonder.”

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