Africa HR DVL

INTRODUCTION.
Meaning of human rights.
Refer to all rights which everyone has squired by vitual of them being human being, they are not granted
by the state but rather are squired upon dealth and come before state and law. Or Human rights are the
basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death. They apply
regardless of where you are from, what you believe or how you choose to live your life.
The historical development of human rights in Africa was Contributing to the establishment of human
rights system in Africa are the United Nations, international law and the African Union which have
positively influenced the betterment of the human rights situation in the continent. However, extensive
human rights abuses still occur in many sections of the continent. Most of the violations can be attributed
to political instability (as a consequence of civil war), racial discrimination, corruption, post-colonialism,
economic scarcity, ignorance, illness, religious bigotry, debt and bad financial management, monopoly of
power, lack/absence of judicial and press autonomy, and border conflicts. Many of the provisions
contained in regional, national, continental, and global agreements remained unaccomplished...
Universal Declaration of Human Right.UDHR
The idea of drafting a document establishing a human rights protection mechanism in Africa was from
international law UDHR Which is the milestone documents in human rights history it started by
representative with different legal and cultural background from all region of the world. And it set out for
the first time as fundamental humn right to be universally protected.then after this idea leads to the
formation of AU Africa Union.
Afrcan Union(AU)
Is the continental body of the continent which consists of 55 members state that make up the countries of
African continent.,The AU has ensured that various treaties and policies are put in place to ensure good
governance as well as the protection of civil liberties and the preservation of rights of African citizen.. Is
the union of all people of Africa and it waa established for the following purposea.
 Promote the unity and solidarity of African countries and people of Africa.
 To defend the the sovereignty, territorial and independence of it's member state.
 To accelerate the political and economic integration of the continent.
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Through this was led to become of African charter for the development and protection of human
rights in Africa
African Charter
is an international human rights instrument that is intended to promote and protect human rights and
basic freedoms in the African continent. t sets out standards of basic human rights to which every citizen is
entitled and which the state must uphold. Also developed into the following charter body.
 The African Charter on Human and People's Rights 1981
The African Charter on Human and People's Rights (Charter) is the foremost legal instrument for the
promotion of human rights in Africa. The Charter establishes duties for states and individuals and
recognises the most universally accepted civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural
rights. Acknowledging the indivisibility and the collective dimension of rights such as self-determination,
peoples’
 African charter on the right of the child. 1990
Created to defend children and safeguard their innate rights, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare
of the Child (ACRWC) was created. It also serves as the major legal instrument within the African human
rights system that clarifies the rights and privileges that African nations must guarantee to their children.
Other concerns that African states want the charter to address include issues confronting children living
under apartheid, child marriage, female genital mutilation (FGM), internal conflicts and displacement,
rights of children whose mothers have been incarcerated, unsanitary living conditions.
Africa has developed various instruments and bodies to establish and protect human rights on the
continent. The African Human Rights System (AHRS) are the laws and structures created to work towards
human rights protection in Africa. This legal system of African Union human rights treaty law and their
corresponding monitoring bodies comprises of six (6) human rights treaties which are:
 The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights Establishing the African Court on
Human and Peoples’ Rights 1998.
The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights Establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples’
Rights 1998. (entered into force in 2004); The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (the Court) is a
continental court established by Member States of the African Union to ensure the protection of human
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and peoples’ rights in Africa. The Court was established by virtue of Article 1 of the Protocol to the African
Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
 African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa 2003 (entered into force
Nov 2005).While the African Charter guarantees non-discrimination on the basis of sex, equaity before the
law, and the elimination of discrimination against women, it does not articulate specific violations of
women’s rights which result from discrimination.
This African Charter has also the following human rights bodies
Of these six treaties, the African Charter, the African Children’s Charter and the African Court Protocol
created the three (3) primary treaty monitoring and enforcement bodies of the Africa. These are the:
 African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

 African Committee on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
 African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
In addition to the AU treaties, the following 3 sub-regions of Africa have vibrant legal systems and human
rights mandated courts to adjudicate cases from their respective sub-regions. These are:
 Southern African Development Community (SADC) Tribunal

 East African Community (EAC) Court of Justice
 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Community Court.
INSTITUTION FOR PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHT IN AFRICA
Africa has developed various instruments and bodies to establish and protect human rights on the
continent. The African Human Rights System (AHRS) are the laws and structures created to work towards
human rights protection in Africa. This legal system of African Union human rights treaty law and their
corresponding monitoring bodies.
 African commission on Human right person's right.(ACHPR)

 African commission on experts on the Right and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC)
 African court on Human Right and People's Rights(ACHPR)
 African peer Review Mechanism(APRM)
 Economic community of West Africa (ECOWAS)
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CONCLUSION:
Human rights are essential for the development of the society. They experience various challenges that make
them less active and influential. Some challenges are easy to address while others will take years to address.
REFFERENCES.
www org.reginal>Africa
African charter
www.human right.com
www.amnest.org.>home.Africa

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INTRODUCTION.

Meaning of human rights.

Universal Declaration of Human Right.UDHR

 The African Charter on Human and People's Rights 1981

 African charter on the right of the child. 1990

Human and Peoples’ Rights 1998.

 African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

 Southern African Development Community (SADC) Tribunal

INSTITUTION FOR PROTECTION AND ENFORCEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHT IN AFRICA

 African commission on Human right person's right.(ACHPR)

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