MIDSTREAM OF MAHIGA

RIVER FACTSHEET
THE RIVER
Mahiga river is a prominent urban river with an upstream
located at the Banilad mountains, down to Subangdako as
its midstream and downstream at Mabolo Reclamation Area.
The river has a total length of 9.1 km which traverses six
barangays from Cebu City to Mandaue City namely, Apas,
Banilad both in Cebu and Mandaue City area, Kasambagan,
Mabolo and Subangdako and this waterway ends up at the
Mactan Channel. The river used to be a source of water for
bathing and laundry of the local residents in the area. Due
to the discharge of domestic wastewater and solid wastes,
the river has become heavily polluted over the years. In 2018,
the Mahiga River was considered to be biologically dead. A
comprehensive rehabilitation program was implemented
by the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources
(DENR) in 2020 where a one-year memorandum of agreement
was signed between the local government units of Mandaue
City, Cebu City, 28 private companies, and six barangays
where the river traverses to reduce the pollution in the Mahiga
River and its tributaries under the Adopt-an-Estero/Water
body Program. The local government units of Cebu City
and Mandaue City continue to implement river rehabilitation
activities to this day to clean up the Mahiga River.

WATER QUALITY
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Mahiga river which has been considered biologically
dead last 2018 has Class C and D classification. Class
WATER QUALITY C classification means that the water is only suitable
for recreational activities such as boating or similar
activities and for agricultural, irrigation and livestock
watering while class D rivers are just navigable rivers,
SOLID WASTE this is according to DENR-DAO 34 and Environmental
Protection Agency standards. A recent monitoring
was done by DENR-Cebu last 2020 which focused on
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen
FLOODING (DO), Total suspended solids (TSS) and fecal coliform of
Mahiga River. Results show that the dissolved oxygen of
the river failed the standard limit of 5ppm for dissolved
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS oxygen, this standard is according to DENR-DA 34,
1990. The river failed both the standard for biological
oxygen demand and fecal coliform content.

MAHIGA RIVER WATER QUALITY IN 2020

PARAMETERS AVERAGE CRITERIA FOR GOOD WATER REMARKS
QUALITY
Dissolved Oxygen 3.438 (mg/L) > 2 mg/L PASSED

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 311 (mg/L) < 15 mg/L FAILED

Total Suspended Solids 34.8 (mg/L) < 110 mg/L PASSED

Fecal Coliform 18,780,367 (MPN/100mL) < 400 MPN/100mL FAILED

THE MIDMAHIGA PROJECT MAHIGA RIVER MIDSTREAM FACTSHEET | 1

SOLID WASTE INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
The river experiences plastic pollution because of the For the year 2020, two informal settlement communities
dumping of garbage in the river which come from are present in the midstream of the Mahiga River that
nonpoint sources. A study conducted in 2019 revealed is under the government of Mandaue City. Due to the
that a minimum of 11.7 tons of macroplastics are pandemic, more people have stayed at home and it
released per year from the Mahiga Creek estuary. attributed to increase in domestic wastewater. The
domestic wastewater is directly discharged to the water
body since no there is no sewage system anywhere
in the island of Cebu. This disposal of domestic
wastewater from illegal settlers have contributed to the
degrading water quality, particualrly in the increase of
the total coliforms in Mahiga River. Aside from illegal
settlers, commercial establishments, with or without
discharge permits from the DENR, have been disposing
its wastewater to the waterbody. The offices concerned
are encouraging the establishments to reuse their
wastewater instead of directly discharging their effluent
to the water body in observance of the Philippine Clean
Water Act of 2004.
Data retrieved from Bardenas et al., (2019).

FLOODING Establishments along Mahiga River

As a result of plastic and other pollutants present in the
river, flooding is very common not only in the nearby 22
area but also on the neighboring barangays and even
in the center of Cebu and Mandaue City. Aside from
that, silts and debris have accumulated in the river over 2
time and this increases the risk of flooding, affecting 6
58
the people living nearby the river. Last January 2011,
5
floodwaters entered 1,000 families in Subangdako and
trapped residents in some barangays of Mandaue City.
15
The flood lasted for 90 minutes which also resulted in
traffic and a lot of people were stranded.

With valid DP With expired DP With no DP

Interconnected With Application Unverified

Data retrieved from DENR-EMB, (2020). It can be observed

from the data that more than 50% of the establishments
have unverfied permits for discharge.

PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004

SECTION 14. Discharge Pemits.

The Department shall require owners or operators of

facilities that discharge regulated effluents pursuant to
this Act to secure a permit to discharge. The discharge
permit shall be the legal authorization granted by the
Department to discharge wastewater: Provided,
That the discharge permit shall specify among others,
the quantity and quality of effluent that said facilities
Mahiga 5 Year Flood Hazard Map. Retrieved from are allowed to discharge into a particular water body,
LiPAD, (2017). The map shows a medium to high risk at compliance schedule and monitoring requirement.
the midstream of the Mahiga River.

THE MIDMAHIGA PROJECT MAHIGA RIVER MIDSTREAM FACTSHEET | 2

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES

Attain and maintain a rational and orderly

P.D. 1586 balance between socio-economic growth and
Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System environmental protection.

Regulate, restrict and prohibit the importation,

R.A. 6969 manufacture, processing, sale, distribution,
Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste Control use and disposal of chemical substances and
Act of 1990 mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or
injury to health or the environment.

The State shall pursue a policy of balancing

R.A. 8749 development and environmental protection. To
Clean Air Act of 1999 achieve this end, the frame work for sustainable
development shall be pursued.

To protect and advance the right of the people

R.A. 9512 to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord
Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

Adopt a systematic, comprehensive and

ecological solid waste management program.

R.A. 9003 SECTION 48: 1. Littering, throwing, dumping

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 of waste matters in public places, such as
roads, sidewalks, CANALS, ESTEROS, or parks,
and establishments, or causing or permitting
the same.

The State shall pursue a policy of economic

growth in a manner consistent with the
protection, preservation and revival of the
quality of our fresh, brackish and marine waters.

SECTION 5: Water Quality Management Area

R.A. 9275 SECTION 6: Non Attainment Areas
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
SECTION 7: Septage and Sewerage Management

SECTION 8: Domestic Waste Management

SECTION 13: Waste Water Charge System

THE MIDMAHIGA PROJECT MAHIGA RIVER MIDSTREAM FACTSHEET | 3

GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND INITIATIVES

Adopt-an-Estero/Water Body Program Distribution of Trash Bins

Adopt-an-Estero Program is an agreement between the In line with the Adopt-an-Estero program, 229 units of
local government units of Cebu City and Mandaue City, 200L-capacity trash bins were distributed in 6 barangays
28 private companies, and 6 barangays along the Mahiga that are traversed by the Mahiga river in an effort to
River which aims to involve the active participation of reduce littering and at the same time raise awareness on
the different stakeholders and estero communities in a the importance of solid waste management.
comprehensive clean-up activities.

River Trash Catcher Project Anti-Littering Campaign

River trip traps were promoted by DENR-EMB which is DENR-EMB, Solid Waste Enforcers and Educators Team/
made of plastic bottles that serve as floaters and fish Environmental Management Officers, and Barangay
nets that trap litter before it reaches downstream of the Environmental Officers worked together for a joint
river. Six river trip traps were installed along the Mahiga enforcement of Anti-littering campaign– an effort to
River: 2 in Brgy. Banilad, 1 in Brgy. Kasambagan, and 3 prevent illegal dumping of solid waste in the waterbody.
in Brgy. Subangdaku.

Information, Education, and

Dredging Activities
Communication (EIC) Campaign

Debris and silt were removed through dredging activities The EIC Campaign is led by the DENR and local
which can restore the river to its original depth and government units to deepen the understanding of
reduce the risk of flooding during the rainy season. A Php communities on the importance of taking care of the river
20-million dredging project was done in Mahiga River bodies and create a relationship with the residents, at
in 2014 and recent dredging activity in Brgy. Mabolo in the same time soliciting their participation, cooperation,
November 2020 removed 80 cubic meters of silt. and support for the program.

River Clean-up Drives Green Corridor

As part of the Adopt-an-Estero Program, intensive clean- The green corridor will replace the illegal structures that
up drives are conducted from time to time in the Mahiga encroach the Mahiga River. Linear park establishment,
River. Volunteers from the city government, civic groups, viewing deck project, and installation of eco-fence are
and local residents participate in clean-up activities to part of the Green Corridor where trees will be planted
help rehabilitate the water body. and the area will be converted into a nature park for
children and families.

REFERENCES Leyson, O. (2018). 2 Cebu city rivers declared ‘dead’. https://www.philstar.com/the-

freeman/cebu-news/2018/11/03/1865525/2-cebu-city-rivers-declared-dead
DENR. (2020). DENR, partners gear up to revive Cebu’s Mahiga River. Retrieved
from https://www.denr.gov.ph/index.php/news-events/press-releases/1740-denr- Vera-Ruiz, E. (2020). DENR, 28 private companies to rehabilitate Mahiga River in
partners-gear-up-to-revive-cebu-s-mahiga-river Cebu. Manila Bulletin. https://mb.com.ph/2020/08/01/denr-28-private-companies-
to-rehabilitate-mahiga-river-in-cebu/
DENR-EMB. (n.d.). Adopt-an-Estero program a success. Retrieved from http://
water.emb.gov.ph/?p=416 Sunstar. (2020). Pollution in Mahiga, Kinalumsan rivers to be addressed Sunstar.
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1866046/Cebu/Local-News/Pollution-in-
DENR-EMB. (2018). Solid wastes. Retrieved from https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/ Mahiga-Kinalumsan-rivers-to-be-addressed.
uploads/2018/09/3-Solid-Waste-1.8.pdf
Bunachita, J. (2013). Metro Cebu’s air and water polluted – USC. INQUIRER.net.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/448749/metro-cebus-air-and-water-polluted-usc.

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