1. The document describes a room monitoring system that uses sensors to measure temperature, humidity, and count the number of people in a room.
2. The system uses a DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and humidity, ultrasonic sensors to count people entering and exiting, and an ESP32 board to process and transmit the sensor data.
3. The code initializes the sensors, connects to WiFi, and enters a loop to read sensor values and publish the data to an Adafruit IO server where it can be viewed in real-time.
1. The document describes a room monitoring system that uses sensors to measure temperature, humidity, and count the number of people in a room.
2. The system uses a DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and humidity, ultrasonic sensors to count people entering and exiting, and an ESP32 board to process and transmit the sensor data.
3. The code initializes the sensors, connects to WiFi, and enters a loop to read sensor values and publish the data to an Adafruit IO server where it can be viewed in real-time.
1. The document describes a room monitoring system that uses sensors to measure temperature, humidity, and count the number of people in a room.
2. The system uses a DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and humidity, ultrasonic sensors to count people entering and exiting, and an ESP32 board to process and transmit the sensor data.
3. The code initializes the sensors, connects to WiFi, and enters a loop to read sensor values and publish the data to an Adafruit IO server where it can be viewed in real-time.
1. The document describes a room monitoring system that uses sensors to measure temperature, humidity, and count the number of people in a room.
2. The system uses a DHT11 sensor to measure temperature and humidity, ultrasonic sensors to count people entering and exiting, and an ESP32 board to process and transmit the sensor data.
3. The code initializes the sensors, connects to WiFi, and enters a loop to read sensor values and publish the data to an Adafruit IO server where it can be viewed in real-time.
PAGE 1 Chapter 1: Introduction In this project, we have to create a room monitoring system. In which , our target is to measure the average temperature and humidity in the room. Also to count the number of persons entered in the room and left the room that is to count the total number of persons in the room.
To perform this project we will need some apparatus such as jumping
DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and
humidity. This sensor can be easily interfaced with any micro-controller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc… to measure humidity and temperature instantaneously.
DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is available as a sensor and as
a module. The difference between this sensor and module is the pull-up resistor and a power-on LED. DHT11 is a relative humidity sensor. To measure the surrounding air this sensor uses a thermistor and a capacitive humidity sensor.
#ESP32 Board
ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on chip microcontroller
with integrated W-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual- mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, Xtensa LX7 dual-core microprocessor or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by Espressif Systems, a Shanghai-based Chinese company, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process.[2] It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.
PAGE 5 . Fig 1 ESP32 with Its Pin Function ULTRASONIC:
An ultrasonic sensor is a device that uses sound waves with frequencies
higher than the human audible range (typically above 20kHz) to detect the distance or presence of objects.
The basic theory behind the operation of an ultrasonic sensor involves the emission of high-frequency sound waves from a transmitter, which then bounce off an object and return to a receiver. The time taken for the sound wave to travel to the object and back is used to calculate the distance between the sensor and the object.
The ultrasonic sensor consists of a transmitter, receiver, and a control
circuit. The transmitter emits a high-frequency sound wave, which travels through the air until it hits an object. When the sound wave hits the object, it reflects back towards the sensor and is detected by the receiver. The time taken for the sound wave to travel to the object and back is then calculated by the control circuit, which uses this information to determine the distance to the object.
There are various types of ultrasonic sensors available, including single- and multi-element transducers, and sensors with different beam patterns. The choice of sensor depends on the specific application, such as distance measurement, obstacle detection, or level sensing.
PAGE 6 Overall, ultrasonic sensors are widely used in automation, robotics, automotive, and security industries, among others, due to their non-contact nature, high accuracy, and reliability.
void distance(int trig, int echo,unsigned long &T){
uint32_t distance;
pinMode(trig,OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo,INPUT);
digitalWrite(trig,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trig,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(15);
digitalWrite(trig,LOW);
long timetofly= pulseIn(echo, HIGH);
T = timetofly*0.034/2;
unsigned long dist1 = 0;
unsigned long dist2 = 0;
PAGE 8 int s1 = 0;
int s2 = 0;
unsigned long Total = 0;
unsigned long In = 0;
unsigned long Out = 0;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(30);
pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i){
dht[i].begin();
Serial.println();
void loop() {
float h=0;
float t=0;
for (int i = 0 ; i < 3; ++i){
h+= (dht[i].readHumidity()/3);
t+= (dht[i].readTemperature()/3);
PAGE 9 distance(13, 12, dist1);
delay(5);
distance(14, 27, dist2);
delay(5);
if(dist1<90 && s1==0){
s1=1;
if(s2==0){
Total = Total+1;
In = In + 1;
digitalWrite(LED,HIGH);
delay(150);
digitalWrite(LED,LOW);
delay(100);
if(dist2<90 && s2==0){
s2=1;
if(s1==0){
Total = Total-1;
Out = Out + 1;
digitalWrite(LED,HIGH);
delay(150);
digitalWrite(LED,LOW);
if(dist1>90 && dist2>90 && s1==1 && s2==1){
PAGE 10 s1=0, s2=0;
delay(1000);
Serial.println("\nTemperature is: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print("*C\tHumidity is: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print("%\nPeople Entered: ");
Serial.print(In);
Serial.print("\tPeople Left: ");
Serial.print(Out);
Serial.print("\nTotal People in the Room: ");
Serial.print(Total);
delay(100);
PAGE 11 PAGE 7 PAGE 8 PAGE 9 Chapter 3 : Working 1. The code is written in C++ and runs on a microcontroller board ESP32.
2. The project consists of four main components: a DHT11
temperature and humidity sensor, two ultrasonic sensors, a PIR (Passive Infrared) motion sensor, and an ESP32 Wi-Fi module.
3. The DHT11 sensor is used to measure the temperature and
humidity in the room, while the ultrasonic sensors are used to detect the presence of people entering or leaving the room.
4. The PIR motion sensor is used to detect human motion within the room.
5. The code starts by initializing the necessary libraries and the
sensors. It then connects to a Wi-Fi network using the Wi-Fi module. Once connected, the code establishes a connection with the Adafruit IO MQTT server using the Adafruit MQTT library. This is where the data collected from the sensors is published to be viewed and analyzed.
6. The code then enters the main loop where it reads the sensor values and publishes them to the Adafruit IO server. The PIR sensor is used to determine if there is any human presence in the room. If there is, the ultrasonic sensors are used to determine whether someone is entering or leaving the room. The number of people entering and leaving the room is tracked and the total number of people in the room is calculated.
7. The temperature, humidity, number of people entering, number of
people leaving, and the total number of people in the room are all published to the Adafruit IO server via MQTT. This data can be viewed and analyzed in real-time through the Adafruit IO dashboard.
PAGE 19 #Output :
Fig : Connection Diagram
Fig : Output On serial Monitor
PAGE 20 References: 2) ESP32 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP32 3) Fig 1 ESP32 with Its Pin Functions : https://www.mischianti.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/ESP32-DEV
