Weld Joint Design and Symbols Presentation

JS1.
Joint Design &

Welding Symbols
UPDATE 2 Copyright © 2014-2109 CWB Group Industry Services. For instructor use only.
JS1.1
Objectives
After completing this learning unit you should be able to:
♦♦ Identify the different types of joints and welds
♦♦ Explain the terms and symbols used for groove and fillet welds
♦♦ Describe the different welding positions
♦♦ Recognize the factors involved in the selection of joints
♦♦ Identify and describe welding symbol and supplementary symbol
elements
♦♦ Describe the use of multiple reference lines
♦♦ Recognize the factors involved in the selection of joints
UPDATE 2 Copyright © 2014-2109 CWB Group Industry Services. For instructor use only.
Types of Joints
Joint: The junction of the workpiece(s) that are to be joined or have been joined.
Faying surface: The mating surface of a workpiece in contact with or in close
proximity to another workpiece to which it is to be joined.
FIG1 1 Definition of a joint
FIG2 2 The faying surfaces of these joints have

been marked by a thick black line.
JS1.1 Slide 3
Joint Design and Symbols Copyright © 2014-2109 CWB Group Industry Services. For instructor use only.
Basic Joint Types
FIG3 3 Types of joints
JS1.1 Slide 4
Basic Types of Welds
There are three basic types of welds:
1. Groove welds
2. Fillet welds
3. Plug and slot welds
Other types of welds include:
♦♦ Arc spot and seam welds
♦♦ Edge welds
♦♦ Flange welds
♦♦ Surfacing welds
♦♦ Seal welds
JS1.1 Slide 5
Groove Weld
FIG4 4 A groove weld
JS1.1 Slide 6
Fillet Weld
FIG5 5 Fillet welds in corner, T- and lap joints
JS1.1 Slide 7
Plug and Slot Weld
FIG6 6 Plug and slot welds
JS1.1 Slide 8
Arc Spot and Arc Seam Welds
FIG7 7 Arc spot and arc seam welds
JS1.1 Slide 9
Surfacing Welds
FIG8 8 Examples of surfacing welds
JS1.1 Slide 10
Edge Welds
FIG9 9 Edge welds
JS1.1 Slide 11
Classification of Groove Welds
Groove welds can be classified:
♦♦ In terms of efficiency:
♦♦ complete joint penetration groove welds (CJP)
♦♦ partial joint penetration groove welds (PJP)
JS1.1 Slide 12
Classification of Groove Welds
♦♦ In terms of shape:
♦♦ Square
♦♦ Bevel
♦♦ “V”
♦♦ “J”
♦♦ “U”
♦♦ Flare-bevel
♦♦ Flare-V
The illustration shows the classification system.
JS1.1 Slide 13
Classification of
Groove Welds
FIG1010 Classification of welds

JS1.1 Slide 14
Single Groove Welds
FIG1111 Different types of single groove welds
JS1.1 Slide 15
Single Groove Welds
FIG. 11 Different types of single groove welds – continued
JS1.1 Slide 16
Double Groove Welds
FIG1212 Different types of double groove welds
JS1.1 Slide 17
Double Groove Welds
FIG. 12 Different types of double groove welds – continued
JS1.1 Slide 18
Joints and Applicable Welds
FIG1313 Types of joints and welds
JS1.1 Slide 19
Groove Weld Terminology
Groove weld: a weld made in the groove between two members to be joined
To describe the geometry need data such as:
♦♦ plate thickness
♦♦ bevel or groove angle
♦♦ groove radius of a J-groove
♦♦ root face and
♦♦ root opening
JS1.1 Slide 20
FIG1414 Typical bevel-groove weld preparations
JS1.1 Slide 21
♦♦ Illustrations A and B – weld size, X, is the thickness of the plate
♦♦ Illustration C – weld size, X, is the thickness of the thinner part joined
♦♦ Illustration D – weld, X, size is the depth of penetration
FIG1515 Joint and weld terms
JS1.1 Slide 22
Fillet Welds
♦♦ Most commonly used type of weld
♦♦ Does not require special preparation
♦♦ Joins two surfaces usually at right
angles
♦♦ Made in lap joints, tee joints or
corner joints
♦♦ Effective throat – the shortest
distance from the root of the weld
to its face, less any convexity.
FIG1616 Convex fillet weld
JS1.1 Slide 23
Fillet Welds
FIG1717 Concave fillet weld
JS1.1 Slide 24
Fillet Welds Sizes
TABLE11 Common fillet weld sizes
JS1.1 Slide 25
Welding Positions
Position of welding affects:
♦♦ ease of laying beads
♦♦ efficiency
♦♦ selection of filler
♦♦ welding process
JS1.1 Slide 26
Plate Welding Positions
♦♦ Flat Welding Position (1F or 1G)
♦♦ Horizontal Welding Position (2F or 2G)
♦♦ Vertical Welding Position (3F or 3G)
♦♦ Overhead Welding Position (4F or 4G)
FIG1818 Welding position for plate
JS1.1 Slide 27
Pipe Welding Positions
FIG1919 Typical positions of welding for pipe
JS1.1 Slide 28
Joint Selection
There are two important principles in the design of welded joints:
♦♦ Safe performance under service conditions – requires consideration of the
properties of the steel used and of the loading conditions
♦♦ Economy of welding – requires optimization of the joint preparation for
welding.
JS1.1 Slide 29
Joint Geometry
Factors to consider in selecting the groove geometry include:
♦♦ The welding process: operational features, penetration characteristics,
positions of welding
♦♦ Material thickness
♦♦ Positioning for welding
♦♦ Minimizing volume of deposited weld metal but still allowing for proper
access
JS1.1 Slide 30
Joint Geometry
♦♦ Use of pre-qualified joints
♦♦ Fit-up tolerances and factors affecting workmanship
♦♦ Control of distortion and shrinkage
♦♦ Minimizing material handling
JS1.1 Slide 31
Typical joints for SAW prequalified welding
procedures
FIG2020 Typical joints for prequalified welding procedures
JS1.1 Slide 32
Square Groove Welds
♦♦ Economical for thinner thicknesses and
for arc welding processes
♦♦ Careful procedural control is necessary
to obtain a reliable degree of joint
penetration FIG2121 Butt joint with zero root opening
♦♦ Increasing the root opening increases
the depth of joint penetration.
♦♦ If the root opening is too wide, the
molten weld metal will drop through
due to gravity.
FIG2222 Butt joint with root opening
JS1.1 Slide 33
Typical SMAW Pre-qualifed Complete Joint
Penetration Groove Weld (CSA W59)
FIG2323 Pre-qualified complete joint penetration groove welds

for the shielded metal arc welding process (SMAW)
JS1.1 Slide 34
V- and Bevel-Groove Welds
♦♦ Single V- and single-bevel groove welds are economical for thicknesses less
than or equal to 20 mm (3/4 in).
♦♦ The bevel-groove has an advantage over the V-groove because only one part
has to be prepared—fusion is more difficult.
♦♦ Pipe splices are a typical application of single V-groove welds—typically
welded from one side, with a standard groove angle of 75°.
♦♦ Double V- and double-bevel groove welds are suitable for thicknesses from
20 mm to 40 mm (3/4 in to 1½ in) thickness
JS1.1 Slide 35
J- and U- Groove Welds
♦♦ Single and double J-groove welds
generally require less volume of weld
metal than bevel grooves, prone to
incomplete fusion
♦♦ Seldom used in structural work
FIG2424 Advantage of J-preparation
♦♦ Single and double U-groove welds
require less volume of weld metal than
J-grooves—must be machined except for
shallow U- grooves for back welding
FIG2525 Advantage of U-preparation
JS1.1 Slide 36
Heat Dissipation
♦♦ Welding heat will dissipate from a joint at
a rate that will depend on the thickness
and the conductivity of the metal.
♦♦ As the plate becomes thicker and the
path of conductivity increases—increase
the total heat input.
FIG2626 Welding heat dissipation
JS1.1 Slide 37
Root Face Heat Dissipation
FIG2727 Root face heat dissipation
JS1.1 Slide 38
Heat Dissipation in a T-joint
FIG2828 Heat absorption in an

unbevelled and bevelled plate
JS1.1 Slide 39
Symbols for Welding
♦♦ System of signs, rules and conventions for conveying and placing information
on drawings
♦♦ Appropriate interaction between the design, drafting and production
personnel
♦♦ Facilitate communication between the designer, fabrication and inspection/
examination personnel
JS1.1 Slide 40
Welding Symbols Terminology
There are three standard terms that are important to understand:
♦♦ Weld symbols
♦♦ Supplementary symbols
♦♦ Welding symbols
JS1.1 Slide 41
Weld Symbols
FIG2929 Basic weld symbols
JS1.1 Slide 42
Weld Symbols
FIG3030 Weld symbols showing accentuated faces
JS1.1 Slide 43
Supplementary Symbols
FIG3131 Supplementary symbols
JS1.1 Slide 44
Elements and Location of a Welding Symbol
The basic elements of a welding symbol are:
♦♦ Reference line
♦♦ Arrow
♦♦ Basic weld symbol
♦♦ Dimensions and other data
♦♦ Supplementary symbols
♦♦ Finish symbols
♦♦ Tail
♦♦ References
JS1.1 Slide 45
Elements and Location of a Welding Symbol
FIG3232 Elements and location of a welding symbol
JS1.1 Slide 46
Placement of
the Vertical Line
FIG3333 Weld symbols showing the vertical line at the top

(correct) and the vertical line at the bottom (Incorrect)
JS1.1 Slide 47
Significance of the Arrow
FIG3434 Joint definition used for arrow and other side in welding symbols
JS1.1 Slide 48
Arrow Side and Other Side of Joints
FIG3535 Arrow side/other side of joints
JS1.1 Slide 49
Example of Arrow Side/Other Side
FIG3636A Cruciform joint – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 50
Example of Arrow Side/Other Side
FIG3636B Cruciform joint – U.S. Customary

JS1.1 Slide 51
Tail of the Welding Symbol
Information placed in the tail includes:
a. The welding process used
b. Codes, specifications or standards
c. Designating something as typical
d. If no reference is required the tail may
be deleted
e. In some cases the basic symbol may be
insufficient and the weld may have to
be specified by cross section etc.
FIG3737A Information in the tail of a welding
symbol – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 52
Tail of the Welding Symbol
FIG3737B Information in the tail of a welding symbol – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 53
Field Weld Symbol
♦♦ Field welding – welding in a place other than that of initial construction.
♦♦ The erection phase of welded construction work will most likely involve welding in
the field, or on site.
♦♦ The weld symbol shows a flag placed above and at right angle to the reference line
at the junction with the arrow.
FIG3838 Field weld symbol
JS1.1 Slide 54
Melt-through Symbol
♦♦ Used when complete joint penetration and root reinforcement is required in
welds made from one side.
♦♦ It is placed on the side of the reference line opposite to the weld symbol.
♦♦ The height of the reinforcement may be specified to the left of the melt-
through symbol or be unspecified.
JS1.1 Slide 55
Melt-through Symbol
FIG3939A Application of the melt-through FIG3939B Application of the melt-through symbol

symbol on a groove weld – Metric on a groove weld – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 56
Location and Extent of Welding
♦♦ Welding symbols specify continuous welds between any changes in the
direction of welding.
♦♦ For direction changes, additional welding symbols or multiple arrows are
used
♦♦ Multiple arrows originate from a single reference line
♦♦ The all-around welding symbol specifies a weld all around the joint.
♦♦ The symbol is not required for welds around the circumference of a pipe
JS1.1 Slide 57
Location and Extent of Welding
FIG4040 Location and extend of welding denoted FIG4141 Location and extent of welding
by multiple arrows denoted by the all-around symbol
JS1.1 Slide 58
Break in the Arrow
For bevel groove or a J-groove welds, if
the arrow has a break then it points to the
member that is to be beveled, as shown.
However, the arrow does not have to be FIG4242 Break in the arrow
broken when:
a. It is apparent which member is to be
beveled.
b. There is no preference which member
is to be beveled.
FIG4343 No break in the arrow
JS1.1 Slide 59
Combined Weld Symbols
FIG4444 Combined weld symbols
JS1.1 Slide 60
Multiple Reference Lines
FIG4545 Multiple reference lines
JS1.1 Slide 61
Sequence of Welding
The specified sequence for each case will be:
Sequence (a)
1. make the bevel-groove weld on the arrow side
2. make the flat fillet weld on the arrow side
3. make the back weld on the other side
Sequence (b)
1. make the backing weld on the other side
2. make the bevel groove weld on the arrow side
3. make the flat fillet weld on the arrow side
FIG4646 Work angles in groove

and fillet welds
JS1.1 Slide 62
Sequence of Weld Symbols
FIG4747A Stacked weld symbols – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 63
Sequence of Weld Symbols
FIG4747B Stacked weld symbols – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 64
Complete Joint Penetration Groove Weld
Information required:
♦♦ The depth of preparation
♦♦ The angle at which such preparation
should be made
♦♦ The root opening required for proper
fitting of the two members in the joint
FIG4848 Elements of a complete joint penetration groove weld
JS1.1 Slide 65
Double-Groove Weld Symbols
FIG4949A Double groove weld symbols – Metric FIG4949B Double groove weld symbols – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 66
Depth of Preparation and Groove Weld Size
FIG5050 Depth of preparation

and groove weld size
JS1.1 Slide 67
Single Partial Joint
Penetration Groove Welds
FIG5151A Single-groove welds on joints with

partial joint penetration – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 68
Single Partial Joint
Penetration Groove Welds
FIG5151B Single-groove welds on joints with partial

joint penetration – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 69
Double Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welds
FIG5252A Double-groove welds on joints with

partial joint penetration – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 70
Double Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welds
FIG5252B Double-groove welds on joints with partial

joint penetration – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 71
Flare Groove Welds
FIG5353 Flare-bevel and flare V-groove welds
JS1.1 Slide 72
Flare-Bevel Groove Welds
FIG5454A Flare-groove weld symbols – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 73
Flare-Bevel Groove Welds
FIG5454B Flare-groove weld symbols – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 74
Length of Groove Welds
FIG5555A Specification of the length of welding of groove welds – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 75
Length of Groove Welds
FIG5555B Specification of the length of welding of groove welds – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 76
Location and Extent of Welds
FIG5656 Specification of the extent of welding
JS1.1 Slide 77
Contour and Surface Finish Symbols
FIG5757 Contour symbols FIG5858 Surface finish symbols
JS1.1 Slide 78
Flush and Convex Contour Symbols
FIG5959 Application of flush and convex contour symbols
JS1.1 Slide 79
Joints with Backing
Joints with backing are welded from one side onto a backing bar. The backing bar
is a separate piece of metal that the weld fuses to.
Backing is used:
♦♦ when there is no access for welding from the other side
♦♦ to increase productivity
The symbol for backing is a rectangle.
JS1.1 Slide 80
Joints with Backing
In the welding symbol for a groove weld
with backing, the supplementary backing
symbol is on the opposite side of the
reference line to the groove weld symbol. FIG6060A Joint with backing – Metric
When the backing is to be removed after
welding, an R is placed in the backing
symbol.
The material and the dimensions of
the backing are placed in the tail of the FIG6060B Joint with backing – U.S. Customary
welding symbol or in notes on the drawing
Backing may be metallic or non-metallic
JS1.1 Slide 81
Joints with Backing
The welding symbols in the top figure specify ASTM A36 steel backing. They
specify a V-groove weld made into a 45° groove with a 6 mm (1/4 in) root
opening. The V-groove is to be 12 mm (1/2 in) deep and the weld is to penetrate
2 mm (3/32 in) into the backing bar.
The welding symbols in the bottom figure specify removable backing made
from ASTM A36 steel. They specify a bevel groove weld made into a 30° bevel
with a 10 mm (3/8 in) root opening. The bevel is to be 12 mm (1/2 in) deep, the
full thickness of the plate, and the weld is to penetrate 2 mm (3/32 in) into the
backing bar.
JS1.1 Slide 82
Joints with Backing
FIG6161A Examples of symbols for joints with FIG6161B Examples of symbols for joints with
backing – Metric backing – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 83
Joints with Spacers
♦♦ The symbol for joints with a spacer is a rectangle.
♦♦ When multiple reference lines are used, the rectangle is placed on the
reference line nearest to the arrow.
♦♦ The material and the dimensions of the spacer are specified in the tail of the
welding symbol or on the drawings.
♦♦ Spacers can be used for any type of double-groove.
♦♦ The placement and dimensioning is the same as for any other groove weld.
JS1.1 Slide 84
Joints with Spacers
FIG6262A Symbols for joints with spacers - Metric. FIG6262B Symbols for joints with spacers – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 85
Material Used for Backing and Spacers
FIG6363 Letters used to identify material for

backing and spaces
JS1.1 Slide 86
Joints with Consumable Inserts
♦♦ A consumable insert is a piece of filler metal that is placed at the root of a joint. It is
completely fused into the root of the joint and becomes part of the weld.
♦♦ The symbol for a consumable insert is a square. It is placed on the opposite side of
the reference line to the groove weld symbol.
♦♦ Additional information about the insert is placed in the tail of the welding symbol.
FIG6464 Symbols for consumable inserts
JS1.1 Slide 87
Joints with Consumable Inserts
FIG6565 Application of the consumable insert symbol
JS1.1 Slide 88
Back Gouging
FIG6666 Use of GTSM in the tail of a welding symbol
JS1.1 Slide 89
Use of Solid and Dotted lines
♦♦ CSA Standard W59 provides for the use of dotted lines to indicate preparation of U-
or J- grooves by the arc-air process after assembly or on the second side of the joint-
after welding the first side.
♦♦ Solid lines indicate groove preparation prior to assembly for welding.
♦♦ The use of solid and dotted lines is shown.
FIG6767 Use of solid and dotted lines
JS1.1 Slide 90
Seal Welds
FIG6868A Use of seal weld in the tail of a FIG6868B Use of seal weld in the tail of a
symbol – Metric symbol – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 91
Specification of Fillet Welds
FIG6969 Standard locations of the elements of a fillet welding symbol
JS1.1 Slide 92
Symbol, Size and Length of Fillet Welds
Symbol:
The vertical side of the triangle that specifies a
fillet weld must always be on the left side of the
weld symbol.
Size:
The fillet weld size, S, must be shown to the
left of the weld symbol on the same side of the FIG7070 Dimensions of single fillet weld
reference line as the weld symbol.
♦♦ When the fillet welds are on both sides of the
joint, their sizes must be specified on both
sides of the reference line.
JS1.1 Slide 93
Symbol, Size and Length of Fillet Welds
Length:
♦♦ The fillet weld length, L, is shown to the
right of the weld symbol.
♦♦ If a fillet weld extends for the full length FIG7171A Dimensions of single fillet weld –
Metric
of the joint, there is no need to specify
the length.
♦♦ The location and specific lengths of
fillet welds may be specified by symbols
combined with dimension lines on the
drawing.
FIG7171B Dimensions of single fillet weld –
U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 94
Intermittent Fillet Welds
FIG7272 Types of intermittent fillet welds
JS1.1 Slide 95
Specification of Intermittent Fillet Welds
FIG7373 Pitch and length of intermittent fillet welds
JS1.1 Slide 96
Single Intermittent Fillet Welds
FIG7474A Single intermittent fillet weld symbol and dimensions – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 97
Single Intermittent Fillet Welds
FIG7474B Single intermittent fillet weld symbol and dimensions – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 98
Chain Intermittent Fillet Welds
FIG7575A Chain intermittent fillet weld symbols and dimensions – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 99
Chain Intermittent Fillet Welds
FIG7575B Chain intermittent fillet weld symbols and dimensions – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 100

Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds
FIG7676A Used of symbols for staggered intermittent fillet welds – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 101

Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds
FIG7676B Used of symbols for staggered intermittent fillet welds – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 102

Plug and Slot Welds
Plug weld – a weld made in a circular hole in one member of a joint fusing that
member to another member.
Slot welds – a weld made in an elongated hole in one member of a joint fusing
that member to another member. The hole may be open at one end.
Plug and slot welds are not used as extensively as groove and fillet welds.
The plug weld symbol should not be used for fillet-welded holes.
JS1.1 Slide 103

Specification of Plug and Slot Welds
FIG7777A Elements of plug and slot welding symbols FIG7777B Elements of plug and slot welding symbols
– Metric – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 104

Plug Weld Size
FIG7878A Dimensions of plug welds – Metric FIG7878B Dimensions of plug welds – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 105

Angle of Countersink
FIG7979 Angle of countersink for plug welds
JS1.1 Slide 106

Spacing and Number of Plug Welds
♦♦ Pitch of plug welds in a straight line is specified to the right of the symbol
♦♦ For other configurations, the spacing of plug welds must be dimensioned on
the drawing.
♦♦ Number of plug welds is specified in parentheses on the same side of the
reference line as the weld symbol, either above or below the weld symbol, as
appropriate.
♦♦ When the angle of countersink is also included in the welding symbol, the
number of plug welds is placed either above or below angle of countersink,
as applicable.
JS1.1 Slide 107

FIG8080A Spacing and number of plug welds – Metric
JS1.1 Slide 108

FIG8080B Spacing and number of plug welds – U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 109

Specification of Arc Spot Welds
FIG8181A Elements of spot symbols for welding – Metric FIG8181B Elements of spot symbols for welding –
U.S. Customary
JS1.1 Slide 110


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JS1.

Joint Design &

FIG1 1 Definition of a joint

FIG2 2 The faying surfaces of these joints have

FIG3 3 Types of joints

FIG4 4 A groove weld

FIG5 5 Fillet welds in corner, T- and lap joints

FIG6 6 Plug and slot welds

FIG7 7 Arc spot and arc seam welds

FIG8 8 Examples of surfacing welds

FIG9 9 Edge welds

FIG1010 Classification of welds

FIG1111 Different types of single groove welds

FIG. 11 Different types of single groove welds – continued

FIG1212 Different types of double groove welds

FIG. 12 Different types of double groove welds – continued

FIG1313 Types of joints and welds

FIG1414 Typical bevel-groove weld preparations

FIG1515 Joint and weld terms

FIG1717 Concave fillet weld

TABLE11 Common fillet weld sizes

FIG1818 Welding position for plate

FIG1919 Typical positions of welding for pipe

FIG2020 Typical joints for prequalified welding procedures

FIG2323 Pre-qualified complete joint penetration groove welds

FIG2525 Advantage of U-preparation

FIG2626 Welding heat dissipation

FIG2727 Root face heat dissipation

FIG2828 Heat absorption in an

FIG2929 Basic weld symbols

FIG3030 Weld symbols showing accentuated faces

FIG3131 Supplementary symbols

FIG3232 Elements and location of a welding symbol

FIG3333 Weld symbols showing the vertical line at the top

FIG3535 Arrow side/other side of joints

FIG3636A Cruciform joint – Metric

FIG3636B Cruciform joint – U.S. Customary

FIG3737B Information in the tail of a welding symbol – U.S. Customary

FIG3838 Field weld symbol

FIG3939A Application of the melt-through FIG3939B Application of the melt-through symbol

FIG4343 No break in the arrow

FIG4444 Combined weld symbols

FIG4545 Multiple reference lines

FIG4646 Work angles in groove

FIG4747A Stacked weld symbols – Metric

FIG4747B Stacked weld symbols – U.S. Customary

FIG4848 Elements of a complete joint penetration groove weld

FIG5050 Depth of preparation

FIG5151A Single-groove welds on joints with

FIG5151B Single-groove welds on joints with partial

FIG5252A Double-groove welds on joints with

FIG5252B Double-groove welds on joints with partial

FIG5353 Flare-bevel and flare V-groove welds

FIG5454A Flare-groove weld symbols – Metric

FIG5454B Flare-groove weld symbols – U.S. Customary

FIG5555A Specification of the length of welding of groove welds – Metric

FIG5555B Specification of the length of welding of groove welds – U.S. Customary

FIG5656 Specification of the extent of welding