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    CHAPTER 19 Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential PDF

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    masemola koketso
    The document discusses electric potential energy and electric potential. It defines electric potential as the electric potential energy per unit charge. The electric potential difference between two points is equal to the change in potential energy divided by the charge. Equipotential surfaces represent points of constant potential, and the electric field is perpendicular to these surfaces. Capacitors store charge, with the magnitude of stored charge directly proportional to the potential difference according to the equation Q = CV. Dielectrics can increase the capacitance of a capacitor.

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    CHAPTER 19 Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential PDF

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    masemola koketso
    50 views23 pages
    The document discusses electric potential energy and electric potential. It defines electric potential as the electric potential energy per unit charge. The electric potential difference between two points is equal to the change in potential energy divided by the charge. Equipotential surfaces represent points of constant potential, and the electric field is perpendicular to these surfaces. Capacitors store charge, with the magnitude of stored charge directly proportional to the potential difference according to the equation Q = CV. Dielectrics can increase the capacitance of a capacitor.

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    CHAPTER 19 Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential.pdf

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    The document discusses electric potential energy and electric potential. It defines electric potential as the electric potential energy per unit charge. The electric potential difference between two points is equal to the change in potential energy divided by the charge. Equipotential surfaces represent points of constant potential, and the electric field is perpendicular to these surfaces. Capacitors store charge, with the magnitude of stored charge directly proportional to the potential difference according to the equation Q = CV. Dielectrics can increase the capacitance of a capacitor.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views23 pages

    CHAPTER 19 Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential PDF

    Uploaded by

    masemola koketso
    The document discusses electric potential energy and electric potential. It defines electric potential as the electric potential energy per unit charge. The electric potential difference between two points is equal to the change in potential energy divided by the charge. Equipotential surfaces represent points of constant potential, and the electric field is perpendicular to these surfaces. Capacitors store charge, with the magnitude of stored charge directly proportional to the potential difference according to the equation Q = CV. Dielectrics can increase the capacitance of a capacitor.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Chapter 19

    Electric Potential Energy


    and the
    Electric Potential
    19.1 Potential Energy

    WAB  mghA  mghB  GPEA  GPEB


    19.1 Potential Energy
    19.1 Potential Energy

    WAB  EPE A  EPE B


    19.2 The Electric Potential Difference

    WAB EPE A EPE B


     
    qo qo qo

    The potential energy per unit charge


    is called the electric potential.
    19.2 The Electric Potential Difference

    DEFINITION OF ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

    The electric potential at a given point is the electric potential energy


    of a small test charge divided by the charge itself:

    EPE
    V
    qo

    SI Unit of Electric Potential: joule/coulomb = volt (V)

    EPE B EPE A  WAB


    VB  VA   
    qo qo qo

    EPE   WAB
    V  
    qo qo
    19.2 The Electric Potential Difference

    A positive charge accelerates from a region of higher electric potential


    toward a region of lower electric potential.

    A negative charge accelerates from a region of lower potential toward


    a region of higher potential.
    19.2 The Electric Potential Difference

    One electron volt is the magnitude of the amount by which the potential
    energy of an electron changes when the electron moves through a potential
    difference of one volt.

    1 eV  1.60 1019 J
    19.3 The Electric Potential Difference Created by Point Charges

    kqqo kqqo
    WAB  
    rA rB

     WAB kq kq
    VB  VA   
    qo rB rA

    Potential of a kq
    point charge V
    r
    19.3 The Electric Potential Difference Created by Point Charges

    Example 6 The Total Electric Potential

    At locations A and B, find the total electric potential.


    19.3 The Electric Potential Difference Created by Point Charges

    VA 
    8.99 10 9
    
    N  m 2 C2  8.0 109 C  

    
    8.99 109 N  m 2 C2  8.0 109 C 240 V
    0.20 m 0.60 m

    VB 
    8.99 10 9
      
    N  m 2 C2  8.0 109 C

    
    8.99 109 N  m 2 C2  8.0 109 C0V
    0.40 m 0.40 m
    19.4 Equipotential Surfaces and Their Relation to the Electric Field

    An equipotential surface is a surface on


    which the electric potential is the same everywhere.

    kq
    V
    r

    The net electric force does no work on a charge as


    it moves on an equipotential surface.
    19.4 Equipotential Surfaces and Their Relation to the Electric Field

    The electric field created by any charge


    or group of charges is everywhere
    perpendicular to the associated
    equipotential surfaces and points in
    the direction of decreasing potential.
    19.4 Equipotential Surfaces and Their Relation to the Electric Field
    19.4 Equipotential Surfaces and Their Relation to the Electric Field

    V
    E
    d
    19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics

    THE RELATION BETWEEN CHARGE AND POTENTIAL


    DIFFERENCE FOR A CAPACITOR

    The magnitude of the charge in each plate of the


    capacitor is directly proportional to the magnitude
    of the potential difference between the plates.

    q  CV
    The capacitance C is the proportionality constant.

    SI Unit of Capacitance: coulomb/volt = farad (F)


    19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics

    A parallel plate capacitor consists of two


    metal plates, one carrying charge +q and
    the other carrying charge –q.

    It is common to fill the region between


    the plates with an electrically insulating
    substance called a dielectric.
    19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics

    THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT

    If a dielectric is inserted between the plates of


    a capacitor, the capacitance can increase markedly.

    Eo
    Dielectric constant 
    E
    19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
    19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics

    THE CAPACITANCE OF A PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR

    Eo  q  o A

    V Eo
    E 
     d

      A 
    q   o V
     d 

    o A
    Parallel plate capacitor
    filled with a dielectric C
    d
    19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics

    ENERGY STORAGE IN A CAPACITOR

    Energy  12 CV 2

    Volume  Ad

     o A 
    Energy   Ed 
    1 2
    2
     d 

    Energy density  Volume


    Energy
     12 o E 2
    19.6 Biomedical Applications of Electrical Potential Differences
    PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED
    • 19.34(33)[8.75×106V/m];
    9.42(43)[1.09×103V]; 19.43(57)[2.21×10-
    8F]; 19.58(49)[(a)1.33×10-2C,(b)8.31×106];

    19.59(3)[1.12×10-20J]

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