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    OOP Theory - M.Daud Sajid - 028 - BSSE3A

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    Daud Sajid
    The document discusses constructors, destructors, abstract classes, concrete classes, and virtual functions in C++. It provides examples of: 1) A constructor that initializes object properties and a destructor that cleans up resources; 2) An abstract class with a pure virtual function that cannot be instantiated and a concrete class with a fully implemented function that can be; 3) A virtual function in a base class that is overridden in a derived class, allowing a base class pointer to call the derived class version.

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    OOP Theory - M.Daud Sajid - 028 - BSSE3A

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    Daud Sajid
    22 views5 pages
    The document discusses constructors, destructors, abstract classes, concrete classes, and virtual functions in C++. It provides examples of: 1) A constructor that initializes object properties and a destructor that cleans up resources; 2) An abstract class with a pure virtual function that cannot be instantiated and a concrete class with a fully implemented function that can be; 3) A virtual function in a base class that is overridden in a derived class, allowing a base class pointer to call the derived class version.

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    OOP Theory_ M.Daud Sajid _028_ BSSE3A

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    The document discusses constructors, destructors, abstract classes, concrete classes, and virtual functions in C++. It provides examples of: 1) A constructor that initializes object properties and a destructor that cleans up resources; 2) An abstract class with a pure virtual function that cannot be instantiated and a concrete class with a fully implemented function that can be; 3) A virtual function in a base class that is overridden in a derived class, allowing a base class pointer to call the derived class version.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    22 views5 pages

    OOP Theory - M.Daud Sajid - 028 - BSSE3A

    Uploaded by

    Daud Sajid
    The document discusses constructors, destructors, abstract classes, concrete classes, and virtual functions in C++. It provides examples of: 1) A constructor that initializes object properties and a destructor that cleans up resources; 2) An abstract class with a pure virtual function that cannot be instantiated and a concrete class with a fully implemented function that can be; 3) A virtual function in a base class that is overridden in a derived class, allowing a base class pointer to call the derived class version.

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    You are on page 1of 5

    Assignment No: 1

    Name: Muhammad Daud Sajid Section: BSSE 3A

    Subject : OOP Roll No: 028

    Question No 1: Explain the concept of constructor and destructor. Write a program that is
    using both as a function and explain the purpose of being used as well.

    Ans: Constructor:

    A class constructor is a special member function of a class that is executed whenever we


    create new objects of that class.
    A constructor will have exact same name as the class and it does not have any return type at
    all, not even void. Constructors can be very useful for setting initial values for certain
    member variables.

    Destructor:
    A destructor is a special member function of a class that is executed whenever an object of
    it's class goes out of scope or whenever the delete expression is applied to a pointer to the
    object of that class.
    A destructor will have exact same name as the class prefixed with a tilde (~) and it can
    neither return a value nor can it take any parameters. Destructor can be very useful for
    releasing resources before coming out of the program like closing files, releasing memories.
    Example of Constructor and destructor in c++:
    /* C++ program to Display Student Details using constructor and destructor */
    #include<iostream>
    using namespace std;
    class stu
    {
    private:
    char name[20];
    int roll;
    public:
    stu ();//Constructor
    ~stu();//Destructor
    void read();
    void disp();
    };
    stu :: stu()
    {
    cout<<"\nThis is Student Details ..........."<<endl;
    }

    void stu :: read()


    {
    cout<<"\nEnter the student Name :: ";
    cin>>name;
    cout<<"\nEnter the student roll no :: ";
    cin>>roll;
    }

    void stu :: disp()


    {
    cout<<"\nThe Entered Student Details are shown below ::---------- \n";
    cout<<"\nStudent Name :: "<<name<<endl;
    cout<<"\nRoll no is :: "<<roll<<endl;
    }

    stu :: ~stu()
    {
    cout<<"\n\nStudent Detail is Closed.............\n";
    }
    int main()
    {
    stu s;
    s.read ();
    s.disp ();
    return 0;
    }

    Why we use Constructor and Destructor:

    Constructor and Destructor are the special member functions of the class
    which are created by the C++ compiler or can be defined by the user. The
    constructor is used to initialize the object of the class while the destructor
    is called by the compiler when the object is destroyed.
    Question No 2: What is the different between Abstract class and Concrete class
    and what is the purpose of Virtual function, explain with examples.

    Ans: There are two main types of classes: Abstract Class and Concrete Class.
    The main difference between the two arises from the level of implementation of their
    method functionalities. Concrete Classes are regular classes, where all methods are
    completely implemented.

    Abstract Class Concrete Class


    Type Base class Default class
    May contain partially All methods are
    Methods
    implemented methods completely implemented
    Some or all declared
    Functions functions are purely No purely virtual functions
    virtual
    Instantiation Cannot be instantiated Can be instantiated

    Virtual Function:
    A virtual function is a member function in the base class that we expect to
    redefine in derived classes.

    Basically, a virtual function is used in the base class in order to ensure that the
    function is overridden. This especially applies to cases where a pointer of base
    class points to an object of a derived class.

    For example, consider the code below:


    #include <iostream>

    using namespace std;

    class Base {

    public:

    virtual void print() {

    cout << "Base Function" << endl;

    };

    class Derived : public Base {

    public:

    void print() {

    cout << "Derived Function" << endl;

    };

    int main() {

    Derived derived1;

    // pointer of Base type that points to derived1

    Base* base1 = &derived1;

    // calls member function of Derived class

    base1->print();

    return 0;

    }
    Thanks !
    Muhammad Daud Sajid

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