Sports Facilities

and Technologies

Developers, designers and operators increasingly need to create Peter Culley is an independent engineer whose work ranges from
safe, versatile sports amenities that are of lasting value to local housing to closing-roof stadiums. His specialist experience in
and wider communities. Successful sports and leisure facilities sports facilities design dates back to 1990 when, as a Structural
have to be user-friendly and operate efficiently. The design process Advisory Engineer with British Steel, he was asked to take a lead-
involves many disciplines which are interdependent and mutually ing role in marketing the steel industry’s products to developers
supportive, using a holistic approach to achieve the appropriate and designers of the new generation of all-seater stadiums.
controls, simplicity, efficiency and economy.
This guide covers planning, design, construction, operation John Pascoe is a content editor (electromechanical) with Electro­
and maintenance criteria, including: components plc. He previously worked with Arup (1979–2002),
Constrado (1978–79) and British Steel (1972–77).
• buildings for indoor and outdoor sports;
• building regulations and health and safety; Peter and John co-edited the award-winning book Stadium
• structure and facades; Engineering (2005).
• heating and ventilation;
• acoustics and lighting;
• infrastructure;
• communications and security;
• stairways and elevators;
• sustainability;
• sports-led urban regeneration.
Cover photo
Containing most types of sports building, this book uses examples Time Warner Cable Arena, City of Charlotte in North Carolina,
from around the world to develop a definitive reference for USA, is the home of the National Basketball Association’s (NBA)
practitioners, researchers and students in the areas of sport, Charlotte Bobcats and a premier host venue for concerts and other
leisure, the built environment, building design and facilities arena events. The dominant visual element in the arena’s seating
management. bowl is the centre-hung state-of-the-art video display and score-
board. It is the most technologically advanced scoreboard and
sound system in the country and features the largest video screen
in use in any NBA facility. Full-screen LED technology allows an
unlimited configuration of live and recorded video, scores, anima-
tion and graphics. A unique, three-dimensional backlit cityscape
above the scoreboard features the Charlotte skyline. This uses a
360° projection system which allows the skyline to change and
feature graphics such as airplanes and fireworks, and night-time
or daytime skies. Photograph by Mark Steinkamp, courtesy
Daktronics.
 To those who advocated publication of the book –
Jaime Aldaya, Eddie Hole, Geraint John, Caroline Mallinder,
Ian Mudd and Eric Taylor

And to those who inspired us to write it –

Colin Dexter, Les Hackett, Kisho Kurokawa, Peter Rice,
Ron Taylor and David Whyte
Sports Facilities
and Technologies
Peter Culley and John Pascoe
First published 2009 in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA

Simultaneously published
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

© 2009 Peter Culley & John Pascoe

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised
in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the

accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal
responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Culley, Peter.
Sports facilities and technologies / Peter Culley & John Pascoe.
  p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Sports facilities. 2. Physical fitness centers. 3. Recreation centers. 4. Public
architecture. I. Pascoe, John, MCAM
II. Title.
GV405.C85 2009
725’.8043—dc22
2008052779

ISBN 0-203-87602-4 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN10: 0-415-45868-4 (hbk)

ISBN10: 0-203-87602-4 (ebk)

ISBN13: 978-0-415-45868-9 (hbk)

ISBN13: 978-0-203-87602-2 (ebk)
Contents

Preface vii

Foreword by Professor Geraint John viii

The authors ix

Acknowledgements ix

Introduction 1

Part One
Sports and Facilities 3

  1 Sports halls 5

  2 Squash courts 15

  3 Gymnasiums 23

  4 Dance studios 31

  5 Swimming pools 39

  6 Ice rinks 49

  7 Integrated sports facilities 57

  8 Sports-led urban regeneration 69

  9 Stadiums 79

10 Indoor facilities for outdoor sports 93

Part Two
Facilities Development 99

11 Building regulations 101

12 Health and safety 107

13 Feasibility, site selection and investigation 111

14 Masterplanning, transportation and infrastructure 119

15 Building form, structure and facades 127

16 Indoor sports surfaces 137

17 Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning 147

18 Electrical installation 155

19 Facilities management 161

20 Continuous improvement 167

contents

Part Three
Technologies 175

21 Materials 177

22 Acoustics 187

23 Lighting 193

24 Communications 201

25 Safety and security 209

26 Accessibility 215

27 Controls and automation 221

28 Sustainability 227

29 Refurbishment 235

30 Recycling 239

Conclusion 243

Appendix I
Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) MasterFormat 244

Appendix II
Indoor sports: space planning drawings 246

References 257
Index 267

Image credits 278

vi
P re f a c e

We’ve written this book for everyone who shares our enthusiasm
for the universal language of sport and its power to break down
barriers. We have also written it specifically for professionals,
researchers and students in the fields of sports development, sport
engineering and technology, sports management, sport history,
architecture, the built environment, construction and building
engineering design.
Sport is global, so we’ve written for a global audience. To
demonstrate points that we make we have, however, had to refer
to specific regulations, codes of practice, standards and specifica-
tions and to their implementation in specific projects. In such
cases we’ve quoted attribute units and values in local use, with
common equivalents in brackets, for example ‘1in (25.4mm)’.
Project examples which are valid for a particular application in
a specific time and place are not, of course, necessarily appropri-
ate or even legal in another time and place.
Each of the following chapters could be a book in its own
right. So we’ve compiled a chapter-by-chapter References list
(printed at the end of the book) to help readers pursue their further
interests in each chapter’s theme.
This is a big book which covers a wide range of subjects. We
have checked and cross-checked its content continuously. We
apologise in advance for any errors. If you should see an error
then please do let us know. We will be very grateful to you and
will make the correction for any future editions.
Finally, one of the advocates of publishing this book said,
‘Hopefully it will be readable’. This is what we want too, and
what we have striven to achieve. Whether or not we have suc-
ceeded is for you to judge.

Peter and John

April 2009

vii
F o re w o rd b y P ro f e s s o r G e r a i n t J o h n

I have been asked to write a foreword to this book, and I am

pleased to do so.
The range of the work is enormous, witnessed by the long list
of references at the end of the book. It is a kaleidoscope of simple
explanations, contrasted with detailed technical information,
early historical background leading to present and future trends,
and small facilities contrasting with large scale Olympic develop-
ments. It is clearly strong on engineering and material matters,
bearing in mind the background of the authors.
I asked myself which readership will find this book the most
valuable: I think the answer is that there is something to learn
here for all those interested in sports facilities. It is a book to both
be useful for reference and also to dip into.
Peter Culley and John Pascoe are to be commended on the
work they have produced.

Geraint John*

* professor geraint john

Senior Advisor to Populous (formerly HOK Sport Architecture)
Honorary Life President of the International Union of Architects
(UIA) Programme Sport and Leisure
Visiting Professor at the University of Hertfordshire
Visiting Professor to the Universidad Camilo Jose Cela, Madrid
Former Visiting Professor: Sport Building Design at the University
of Luton
Council Member of the RIBA (Royal Institute of British Architects)
Former Chief Architect and Head of the Technical Unit for Sport
at the GB Sports Council
Member of the UKTI Global Sports Projects Sector Advisory
Group

viii
The authors Acknowledgements

Peter Culley is an independent engineer whose work ranges from This book is the result of inputs from hundreds of people. Most
housing to closing-roof stadiums. His specialist experience in organisations and individuals involved are named in the text,
sports facilities design dates back to 1990 when, as a structural photo credits or copyright references. Additionally, the authors
advisory engineer with British Steel, he was asked to take a lead- and publisher would like to thank the following: Richard Hughes
ing role in marketing the steel industry’s products to developers (Archaeologist – Mohenjo-Daro Site), Daniel Imade, Pauline
and designers of the new generation of all-seater stadiums. This Shirley (Arup), Cindy Carrasquilla (Charlotte Bobcats), Michelle
involved him in most of the stadium and sports ground redevelop- Wright (Corus Group), Kathryn Harvey (Dalhousie University),
ments in the UK during the 1990s. It also made him a valued John Martin (De Montfort University), Michael Burns, Mike Butt,
member of the international stadium design community. Before John Evans, Peter Hare (Electrocomponents), Peter Milburn
joining British Steel in 1978, Peter worked with British Rail. Here, (Griffith University), Kerry Slatkoff (Ketchum Sports Network),
he is best known for the reconstruction of London Bridge Station Julie Atkinson (Marl), Terry Paine (Monodraught), Judy Nokes
in the 1970s, with its then innovative NODUS space frame roof (Office of Public Sector Information), Mark Magner (Queensland
structures. Before London Bridge, Peter had, since 1958, designed, University of Technology and Griffith University), Sally Graham,
detailed and supervised road and rail bridges in concrete and Marcus Kingwell (PMP Consult), Laura Whitton (RIBA), Craig
steel, including major bridge and retaining wall works for the Braham, Carl Chambers, Shereen Roache (Serco), Josh Wheeler
new M25 motorway. (Wheeler Electric).

John Pascoe is a content editor with Electrocomponents plc, The following firms made substantial contributions to the book
responsible for thermal management, lighting, heatsinks, develop- content:
ment hardware, electrostatic, cleanroom and test and measurement
products. He previously worked with Arup (1979–2002), Constrado • Arup (www.arup.com)
(1978–79) and British Steel (1972–77). John is the former editor of • Corus Group (www.corusgroup.com)
the magazines Tubular Structures, Corus Group/British Steel 1977– • Electrocomponents plc (www.electrocomponents.com)
2002, Profils Creux en Acier – The Hollow Section – Stahlhohlprofile,
CIDECT 1979–86 and Building with Steel, Constrado – BCSA Commissioned photographs: Simon J Atkinson
1978–79. He worked with Frank Pyle, Trevor Slydel and other www.sjatkinson.com
members of the team which produced the CAD Good Practice
Guide (1994). His additional published works include papers and Original drawings: Peter Culley
publications on cladding systems, space frames and stainless steels.
John is a member of the Construction Writers Association, Illinois,
and the Council for British Archaeology. As a member of Hercules
Wimbledon AC, he qualified for and competed in the European
and Commonwealth Games Trials held at the Gateshead
International Stadium in June 1982.

Peter and John co-wrote more than 30 publications on stadiums

and sports facilities in the 1990s. In 2002 they assembled, from
friends and colleagues, some of the world’s leading specialists in
key aspects of stadium design to work together to produce the
first book on stadium engineering. That book, Stadium Engineering,
was published in 2005 and was the winner of a 2005 Construction
Specifications Institute (CSI) Award, 2005 Communicator Award
and 2005 Society for Technical Communication (STC) Trans-
European Award (sole UK winner).

ix
‘Sport is a universal language. At its best it can bring people
together, no matter what their origin, background, religious
beliefs or economic status. And when young people par-
ticipate in sports or have access to physical education, they
can experience real exhilaration even as they learn the
ideals of teamwork and tolerance.’

Kofi Annan,
New York City, 5 November 2004
I n t ro d u c t i o n

The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 covers different types management) regulations were implemented. In addition to meet-
of sports facilities, sports provision within buildings, the signifi- ing new requirements, sports facilities designers and managers
cance of sports facilities in urban developments and the exciting everywhere are taking advantage of emerging and developing
possibilities of sports-led urban regeneration. Part 2 covers sports technologies to achieve comfort and delight for building users,
facilities planning, design, construction, operation and mainte- while at the same time working to achieve ever-more stringent
nance. Part 3 is about the technologies that are making such energy-efficiency targets.
facilities increasingly desirable places to be. While Part 1 is This book is about sports facilities and their adaptation to the
sports-specific, the content of Parts 2 and 3 is of wider application needs and aspirations of modern societies. We have chosen to
and implication. use local examples from different parts of the world, to demon-
The book is written against a background of major and rapid strate ways of addressing global issues, rather than incorporate
changes – in the UK alone during the period 2006–08 new build- in our content sports facilities project case studies of a general
ing regulations, wiring regulations and construction (design and nature.

1
R e f e re n c e s

General New Buildings Institute www.newbuildings.org/

National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA)
Sawyer, Thomas H (ed.), Facility Design and Management: www.nirsa.org/
For Health, Fitness, Physical Activity, Recreation and Sports sportscotland www.sportscotland.org.uk/
Facilities Development, Sagamore Publishing,
ISBN 1571675655, 2005
Peterson, James A and Tharrett, Stephen J, ASSM’s Health/
Fitness Facility Standards and Guidelines, American College Chapter 2
of Sports Medicine, Human Kinetics, 2nd revised edn,
ISBN-10 0873229576 ISBN-13 978-0873229579, 1997 World Squash Federation, Squash Specifications for:
Sports Council (Geraint John and Kit Campbell), Handbook Courts, Rackets, Balls (Recommended Standards Approved
of Sports and Recreational Building Design: Indoor by the World Squash Federation), WSF May 2003
Sports, Volume 2, 2nd edition, Architectural Press, www.worldsquash.org
ISBN-10: 0750612940 ISBN-13: 978 0750612944, 1995 Plimpton, George and Zug, James, Squash: A History of the
Konya, Allan, Sports Buildings, Architectural Press, Game, Scribner Book Company, ISBN-10: 0743229908
ISBN 0 85139 7611, 1986 ISBN-13: 978-0743229906, September 2003
Bellamy, Rex, The Story of Squash, Cassell, 1978
Squash Talk www.squashtalk.com
US Squash Racquets Association www.us-squash.org/
Chapter 1 European Squash Federation www.europeansquash.com/
England Squash www.englandsquash.com/
Crane-Dixon, Architects’ Data Sheets: Indoor Sports Spaces, Squash Australia www.squash.org.au/
Architecture Design and Technology Press, ISBN 1 85454 Asian Squash Federation www.asiansquash.com/members.html
008 4, 1991 Indian Squash Professionals www.ispsquash.com/
Sport England, Comparative Sizes of Sports Pitches and Courts Press Articles by Raju Chainana from 1976 to 2001
(Design Guidance Note), Sport England, April 2007 www.ispsquash.com/RajuChainaniArticles3.htm
www.sportengland.org/ Prospec/Ellis Pearson www.prospec.co.uk
Sport England, Sports Halls: Sizes and Layouts (Design Guidance ABS www.abs-sport.hu/
Note), Sport England, ISBN 1 86078 108 X, February 2000 McWil Courtwall www.mcwilcourts.com/
Sport England, Sports Halls: Design (Design Guidance Note),
Sport England, ISBN 1 86078 094 6, February 1999

257
references

Chapter 3 Chapter 4
BS 5628-1: 2005 Code of Practice for the Use of Masonry Rambert Dance Company www.rambert.org.uk
DD140: Part 2: 1987 Recommendations for the Design of Wall Giordan, Marion, ‘Ballet Rambert Studios’, Tubular Structures,
Ties 19, p. 24, British Steel Corporation, Tubes Division, October
BS EN 845-1: 2003 Specification for Ancillary Components for 1971
Masonry – Part 1: Ties, Tension Straps, Hangers and Brackets National Dance Association, Dance Facilities, American
Kicklighter, Clois E, Modern Masonry – Brick, Block and Stone, Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and
Goodheart-Willcox, 2003 Dance, 1985
Microsoft Windows Embedded, Real-Time Embedded National Dance Association www.aahperd.org.nda/
Computers Help Maximize Gym Workouts, 22 May 2007 National Dance Teachers Association www.ndta.org.uk/
Life Fitness – World Leader in Commercial and Home Fitness Henshaw, David, ‘A New Dance Studio’
Equipment www.lifefitness.com www.ndta.org.uk/public/resources/dm028d.html
Curves International Women’s Fitness Franchise and Weight Dance Studio Specification Hands On CPDA Ltd
Loss www.curves.com www.handsoncpda.com/
My Gym Children’s Fitness Center www.my-gym.com Foley, Mark, ‘Dance Spaces’, Arts Council of England, 1994
Overtime Fitness www.overtimefitness.com
Olsen, Stefanie, ‘Teen-only gym: Virtual reality, real sweat’,
CNET News, 22 September 2006
Power Plate www.powerplateusa.com Chapter 5
Camber, Rebecca, ‘Madonna looks amazing thanks to £7,000
vibrating plate’, Daily Mail, 18 July 2006 Wheeler, Mortimer, The Indus Civilization, Supplementary
Hall, Joanna, ‘All You Need To Know About: Power-Plate’, Volume to the Cambridge History of India, 3rd edition,
Guardian Weekend, 5 September 2007 1968
Stuttaford, Dr Thomas, ‘Q&A: Why do I sweat’, The Times, Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) www.fina.org/
23 July 2007 USA Swimming www.usaswimming.org/
BAE Systems Engineering, ‘Calculated Fitness – Case Study 01: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCCA)
Simple sums in the gym’ www.ncca.org/
www.baesystemseducationprogramme.com/ State of Alaska, Department of Education, ‘Swimming Pool
systemsengineering/pdfs/gym.pdf Guidelines’, 1997 edition www.eed.state.ak.us/facilities/
CYBERFIT www.cyberfit.de publications/SwimmingPool.pdf
Designer Fitness www.designer-fitness.com Lund, John W, ‘Design Considerations for Pools and Spas
K&K Designs www.fitnessdesigner.com (Natatoriums)’, GHC Bulletin, September 2000
Precor www.precor.com http://geoheat.oit.edu.bulletin/bull21-3/art3.pdf
Professional Fitness Concepts www.pfc-fitness.com Amateur Swimming Association www.britishswimming.org/
Totally Fitness www.totallyfitness.co.uk Mungall, G et al., ‘Manchester Aquatics Centre’, Arup Journal,
Collins, Patrick et al., ‘Design and Construction of Zero-Gravity 1, pp. 9–14, 2001 www.arup.com
Gymnasium’, Engineering Construction and Operations in
Space V, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996

Chapter 6
Harris, Martin C, ‘Homes of British Ice Hockey’, Stadia,
ISBN-10 07524 2581 1 ISBN-13 978 0 7524 2581 8, 2005

258
 references

Dilley, Philip, ‘Oxford Ice Rink’, Arup Journal, Ove Arup Shepheard, Michael (ed.), ‘A standardised approach to sports
Partnership, pp. 23–27, Spring 1986 halls’, Building with Steel, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 26–27,
Disano, ‘Curling: a Scottish game entirely to be discovered’, Constrado, December 1984
Disano Lighting Magazine, No. 1, 2007 Pascoe, John, ‘Dubai Sports Halls’, Tubular Structures, 53, p.4,
Brochure: ‘A New View for Bringing People Together’, HOK British Steel General Steels, January 1991
Sport Architecture Culley, Peter and Pascoe, John, Tubular Structures Case Study
USA Hockey www.usahockey.com/ 2: The Dome, Doncaster Leisure Park, British Steel General
Ice Hockey UK www.icehockeyuk.co.uk/ Steels, 1991
Royal Caledonian Curling Club Culley, Peter and Pascoe, John, Tubular Structures Case Study 7:
www.royalcaledoniancurlingclub.org/ The Play Drome, Clydebank Tourist Village, British Steel
English Curling Association www.englishcurling.org.uk/ General Steels, 1995
Canada Curling Association www.curling.ca/ John, Geraint and Campbell, Kit, Handbook of Sports and
United States Curling Association www.usacurl.org/ Recreational Building Design: Volume 2 Indoor Sports, 2nd
The Official US Speedskating Website www.usspeedskating.org/ edition, The Sports Council Technical Unit for Sport,
Speed Skating Canada www.speedskating.ca/ Architectural Press, 1995
International Skating Union (ISU) www.isu.org/ National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA)
Skate Canada www.skatecanada.ca/ www.nirsa.org/
The United States Figure Skating Association (USFSA) Yee, Robert, Sports and Recreation Facilities, Visual Reference
www.usfsa.org/ Publications Inc., 2006
National Ice Skating Association (NISA) www.iceskating.org.uk/
Ice Skating Australia www.isa.org.au/
CIMCO Refrigeration
www.cimcorefrigeration.com/icesports.asp Chapter 8
Gabrielsen, M Alexander and Miles, Caswell M, Sports and
Recreation Facilities: For Schools and Community, Prentice-
Chapter 7 Hall, 1958
Hindhaugh, Eric (ed.), Building with Steel 2 – Buildings for
Beckmann, Poul, ‘Crystal Palace Sports Centre’, Ove Arup & Education, British Steel Corporation, February 1970
Partners, London, Newsletter No. 24, pp. 129–131, June Pascoe, John (ed.), Tubular Structures 63 – Learning with SHS,
1964 British Steel Tubes & Pipes, January 1996
The Great Exhibition of 1851: An Overview www.victorianweb. Pascoe, John (ed.), Tubular Structures 56 – Regeneration,
org/history/1851/1851ov.html British Steel General Steels, June 1992
‘NODUS Space Frame Grids Part 1 – Design’, British Steel Pascoe, John and Culley, Peter, Sport-led Social and
Corporation Tubes Division, 2nd edition, January 1974 Community Regeneration 2002, Corus Structures – Winning
‘National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham’, Tubular Structures, Stadia, Corus Construction Centre, 2002
26, pp. 3–5, British Steel Corporation Tubes Division, Sheffield International Venues www.sivltd.com
January 1976 Sportcity, Manchester www.sportcity-manchester.com
Wynne-Jones, RD, ‘This Sporting Life: Sunderland London 2012 www.olympic.org/uk/games/london
Recreation and Leisure Centre’, Tubular Structures, 27,
pp.17–19, British Steel Corporation Tubes Division,
August 1976
Martin, Andrew and Pascoe, John, ‘NODUS the Space Maker’,
British Steel Corporation Tubes Division, 1974

259
references

Chapter 9 English Cricket Board, Cricket Specific Indoor Centres: TS2:

ECB Facility Briefs and Guidance Notes for Cricket Specific
Culley, Peter and Pascoe, John, Stadium Engineering, Thomas Indoor Centres (Excellence Centres) www.static.ecb.co.uk/
Telford Publishing, 2005 files/ts2-cricket-specific-indoor -centres-1334.pdf
John, Geraint, Sheard, Rod and Vickery, Ben. Stadia – A design Powered Rowing Tank Design www.rowingtank.com
and development guide, 4th edition, Architectural Press, 2007 McLean, James, The London Regatta Centre and Powered
Shapiro, J, The Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds (The ‘Green Rowing Tank, pp. 19–23, The Arup Journal, 1, 2002
Guide’), 4th edition, HMSO, London, 1997
Inglis, Simon, Digest of Stadium Criteria, Football Stadia
Advisory Design Council, 1992
Inglis, Simon, Seating – Sightlines Conversion of Terracing Seat Chapter 11
Types, Football Stadia Advisory Design Council, 1991
Culley, Peter, Action Steps for Sports Ground Safety, British Billington, MJ et al., The Building Regulations: Explained and
Steel General Steels, 1990 Illustrated, Blackwell Publishing, 13th revised edition, March
Clark, Warren, ‘The Olympic Legacy’, Recreation, pp. 32–37, 2007
September 2005 Chudley, R and Greeno, R, Building Construction Handbook:
World Stadium www.worldstadiums.com Incorporating Current Building & Construction Regulations,
Guide to the Football Stadiums in Europe Butterworth-Heinemann, 6th edition, March 2006
www.stadiumguide.com BSI www.bsi-global.com/en/Standards-and-Publications/About-
The Stadium Guide – USA www.stadiumguide.com/usa.htm BSI-British-Standards/
Australian Stadiums www.austadiums.com ISO www.iso.org/
National Stadium, Wembley www.wembleystadium.com/ ASTM www.astm.org/
default.aspx ANSI www.ansi.org/
Kisho Kurokawa, Ōita Stadium www.kisho.co.jp/164.htm CEN www.cen.eu/cenorm/index.htm
Kisho Kurokawa, Toyota Stadium CENELEC www.cenelec.eu/
www.kisho.co.jp/page.php/267 World Standard Services Network http://www.wssn.net/WSSN/
2010 World Cup Stadiums, South Africa listings/links_national.html
www.sa-venues.com/2010/2010-stadium.htm
Commonwealth Games, Delhi 2010, Venues
http://cwgdelhi2010.org/venues.html
London 2012 www.london2012.com Chapter 12
Commonwealth Games Glasgow 2014 www.glasgow2014.com
HOK Sport www.hoksport.com Health and Safety Commission, Managing Health and Safety in
NBBJ www.nbbj.com/#work/market-sectors/sports Construction: Construction (Design and Management)
Arup Sport www.arup.com/sport Regulations 2007, Approved Code of Practice, HSE Books,
Ellerbe Becket www.ellerbebecket.com 2007
GMP Architekten www.gmp-architekten.de Health and Safety Executive, Want construction work done
safely? A quick guide for clients on the Construction (Design
and Management) Regulations 2007, HSE Books, 09/07,
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Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996, HMSO, 1996
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aspx?id=21&pageId=734

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Institution of Civil Engineers Symposium held 26–27
Nicholson, Duncan and Pascoe, John, ‘Geotechnics’ (capability November 1984, Thomas Telford, London, 1985
statement), Arup, 2002 McDougal, Kate, Desktop Engineering, ‘Pushing the Limits
Harris, HA, Sport in Britain: Its Origins and Development, in Sports Facility Design’
Stanley Paul, London, 1975 www.dte.co.uk/case_studies/sports_facility_design.htm

Chapter 14 Chapter 16
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Creating Successful Masterplans – A Guide for Clients multi-sports use – Specification’, Comité Européen de
www.cabe.org.uk Normalisation (CEN), April 2006
Urban Task Force, Towards an Urban Renaissance, Office of the DIN Pre-Standard 18032 Part II: ‘Sports Halls, Halls for
Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM), 1999 gymnastics, games and multi-purpose use. Part 2: Sports
White, Harvey and Karabetsos, James, ‘Planning and Designing floors, requirements and testing’, Deutsches Institut für
Facilities’, pp. 13–28, Facilities Planning for Physical Normung, 2001
Activity and Sport, American Association for Active DIN Standard 18032 Part II: ‘Sports Halls, Halls for gymnastics,
Lifestyles and Fitness, 1999 games and multi-purpose use. Part 2: Sports floors, require-
Daly, Jim, Recreation and Sport Planning and Design, ments and testing’, Deutsches Institut für Normung, 1991
2nd edition, Human Kinetics, 2000 Bookwalter, Karl W (ed.), College Facilities for Physical
Campbell, Kit, ‘Design Briefs’, in Sports Council, Handbook of Education, Health Education, and Recreation, College
Sports and Recreational Building Design: Indoor Sports, Physical Education Association, 1947
Volume 2, 2nd edition, pp. 38–40, Architectural Press, Maple Flooring Manufacturers Association, MFMA Maple
1995 Performance Characteristics Guide, MFMA, 2001
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Volume 21, No. 1, pp. 4–22, Spring 1986 Sport England, September 2007
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Surfaces; established 1988
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Chapter 15 Indoor Centres’, TS2, ECB Facility Briefs and Guidance
Notes for Cricket Specific Indoor Centres (Excellence
Bechthold, Martin, Innovative Surface Structures: Technologies Centres) http://static.ecb.co.uk/files/ts2-cricket-specific-
and Applications, Routledge, 2007 indoor-centres-1334.pdf
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