This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: B348/B348M − 21

Standard Specification for

Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B348/B348M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.1.15 Grade 17—UNS R52252. Unalloyed titanium plus

2
1.1 This specification covers annealed titanium and tita- 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
nium alloy bars and billets as follows: 1.1.16 Grade 18—UNS R56322. Titanium alloy (3 %
1.1.1 Grade 1—UNS R50250. Unalloyed titanium, aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.2 Grade 2—UNS R50400. Unalloyed titanium, 1.1.17 Grade 19—UNS R58640. Titanium alloy (3 %
1.1.2.1 Grade 2H—UNS R50400. Unalloyed titanium aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 %
(Grade 2 with 58 ksi [400 MPa] minimum UTS), molybdenum),
1.1.3 Grade 3—UNS R50550. Unalloyed titanium, 1.1.18 Grade 20—UNS R58645. Titanium alloy (3 %
1.1.4 Grade 4—UNS R50700. Unalloyed titanium, aluminum, 8 % vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 %
1.1.5 Grade 5—UNS R56400. Titanium alloy (6 % molybdenum) plus 0.04 %–0.08 % palladium,
aluminum, 4 % vanadium), 1.1.19 Grade 21—UNS R58210. Titanium alloy (15 %
1.1.6 Grade 6—UNS R54520. Titanium alloy (5 % molybdenum, 3 % aluminum, 2.7 % niobium, 0.25 % silicon),
aluminum, 2.5 % tin), 1.1.20 Grade 23—UNS R56407. Titanium alloy (6 %
1.1.7 Grade 7—UNS R52400. Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 aluminum, 4 % vanadium with extra low interstitial elements,
to 0.25 % palladium, ELI),
1.1.7.1 Grade 7H—UNS R52400. Unalloyed titanium plus 1.1.21 Grade 24—UNS R56405. Titanium alloy (6 %
0.12 to 0.25 % palladium (Grade 7 with 58 ksi [400 MPa] aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.04 % to 0.08 % palladium,
minimum UTS), 1.1.22 Grade 25—UNS R56403. Titanium alloy (6 %
1.1.8 Grade 9—UNS R56320. Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium) plus 0.3 % to 0.8 % nickel and
aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium), 0.04 % to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.9 Grade 11—UNS R52250. Unalloyed titanium plus 1.1.23 Grade 26—UNS R52404. Unalloyed titanium plus
0.12 to 0.25 % palladium, 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
1.1.10 Grade 12—UNS R53400. Titanium alloy (0.3 % 1.1.23.1 Grade 26H—UNS R52404. Unalloyed titanium
molybdenum, 0.8 % nickel), plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium (Grade 26 with 58 ksi [400
1.1.11 Grade 13—UNS R53413. Titanium alloy (0.5 % MPa] minimum UTS),
nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium), 1.1.24 Grade 27—UNS R52254. Unalloyed titanium plus
1.1.12 Grade 14—UNS R53414. Titanium alloy (0.5 % 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,
nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium), 1.1.25 Grade 28—UNS R56323. Titanium alloy (3 %
1.1.13 Grade 15—UNS R53415. Titanium alloy (0.5 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium plus 0.08–0.14 % ruthenium),
nickel, 0.05 % ruthenium), 1.1.26 Grade 29—UNS R56404. Titanium alloy (6 %
1.1.14 Grade 16—UNS R52402. Unalloyed titanium plus aluminum, 4 % vanadium, extra low interstitial, ELI plus 0.08
0.04 to 0.08 % palladium, to 0.14 % ruthenium),
1.1.14.1 Grade 16H—UNS R52402. Unalloyed titanium
1.1.27 Grade 30—UNS R53530. Titanium alloy (0.3 %
plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladiumm (Grade 16 with 58 ksi [400
cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),
MPa] minimum UTS),
1.1.28 Grade 31—UNS R53532. Titanium alloy (0.3 %
1
cobalt, 0.05 % palladium),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of
1.1.29 Grade 32—UNS R55111. Titanium alloy (5 %
Subcommittee B10.01 on Titanium. aluminum, 1 % tin, 1 % zirconium, 1 % vanadium, 0.8 %
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally molybdenum),
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as B348/B348M – 19.
1.1.30 Grade 33—UNS R53442. Titanium alloy (0.4 %
DOI: 10.1520/B0348_B0348M-21.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 %
cation SB-348 in Section II of that Code. chromium),

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 B348/B348M − 21
1.1.31 Grade 34—UNS R53445. Titanium alloy (0.4 % Refractory Metals (Withdrawn 2017)4
nickel, 0.015 % palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % E2994 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
chromium), Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow
1.1.32 Grade 35—UNS R56340. Titanium alloy (4.5 % Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-
aluminum, 2 % molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, Based Method)
0.3 % silicon),
1.1.33 Grade 36—UNS R58450. Titanium alloy (45 % 3. Terminology
niobium), 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1.34 Grade 37—UNS R52815. Titanium alloy (1.5 % 3.1.1 bar, n—a hot rolled, forged, extruded or cold worked
aluminum), semi-finished solid section product whose cross sectional area
1.1.35 Grade 38—UNS R54250. Titanium alloy (4 % is equal to or less than 16 in.2 [10 323 mm2]; rectangular bar
aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium, 1.5 % iron), and must be less than or equal to 10 in. [254 mm] in width and
1.1.36 Grade 41—UNS R56461. Titanium alloy (6 % greater than 0.1875 in. [4.8 mm] in thickness.
aluminum, 1 % iron). 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Extruded bar has been approved for use
NOTE 1—H grade material is identical to the corresponding numeric on unalloyed titanium grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 only. Other grades
grade (that is, Grade 2H = Grade 2) except for the higher guaranteed may be produced via the extrusion process with agreement
minimum UTS, and may always be certified as meeting the requirements
of its corresponding numeric grade. Grades 2H, 7H, 16H, and 26H are
between the producer and the purchaser.
intended primarily for pressure vessel use. 3.1.2 billet, n—a solid semi-finished section hot worked or
1.2 The values state in either inch-pound units or SI units forged from an ingot, with a cross sectional area greater than 16
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in in.2 [10 323 mm2] whose width is less than five times its
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system thickness.
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values 3.1.3 heat analysis, n—chemical determination based on
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the analysis of ingot or alternate (see Table 1 footnote A, and 9.2);
specification. check analysis limits do not apply for Heat Analysis/Producer
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- Ingot Analysis.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.4 product analysis, n—an analysis based on semi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the finished or final product; the purchaser may apply check
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- analysis limits to determine compliance with the specification;
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical check analysis limits are not for producer’s use at producer
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ingot acceptance.
3.1.5 check analysis limits, n—Table 3, Permissible Varia-
2. Referenced Documents tions in Product Analysis: Percentages above and below those
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 listed in Table 1, when tested on product, by or for the
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma- purchaser, or acceptable to purchaser to show compliance with
terials a given specification.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
4. Ordering Information
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E539 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by 4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry the following information as applicable:
E1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro- 4.1.1 Grade number (Section 1);
gen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion 4.1.2 Product classification (Section 3);
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Tita- 4.1.3 Chemistry (Table 1);
nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal 4.1.4 Condition required for Grades 9, 18, 20, 21, 23, 28,
Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method and 29;
E1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac- 4.1.5 Mechanical properties (Table 2);
tory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion 4.1.6 Marking (Section 16);
Analysis 4.1.7 Finish (Section 8);
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium 4.1.8 Packaging (Section 16);
Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled 4.1.9 Required reports (Section 15); and
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance- 4.1.10 Disposition of rejected material (Section 14).
Based Test Methodology)
5. Chemical Composition
E2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive and
5.1 The grades of titanium and titanium alloy metal covered
by this specification shall conform to the requirements as to
3
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.

2
 TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, Weight PercentA,B,C,D,E
Other Other
Oxygen Iron Elements, Elements,
UNS Carbon, range Nitrogen, Hydrogen, range max. max.
Grade Number max. or max. max. max. or max. Aluminum Vanadium Palladium Ruthenium Nickel Molybdenum Chromium Cobalt Zirconium Niobium Tin Silicon each total

1 R50250 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.015 0.20 -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.4

2/2H R50400 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.015 0.30 -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.4
3 R50550 0.08 0.35 0.05 0.015 0.30 -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.4
4 R50700 0.08 0.40 0.05 0.015 0.50 -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.4
5 R56400 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.015 0.40 5.5- 3.5- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.4
6.75 4.5
6 R54520 0.08 0.20 0.03 0.015 0.50 4.0- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.0- -- 0.1 0.4
6.0 3.0
7/7H R52400 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.015 0.30 -- -- 0.12- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.25
9 R56320 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.015 0.25 2.5- 2.0- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
3.5 3.0
11 R52250 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.015 0.20 -- -- 0.12- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.25
12 R53400 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.015 0.30 -- -- -- -- 0.6- 0.2- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.9 0.4
13 R53413 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.015 0.20 -- -- -- 0.04- 0.4- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.06 0.6
14 R53414 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.015 0.30 -- -- -- 0.04- 0.4- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.06 0.6
15 R53415 0.08 0.25 0.05 0.015 0.30 -- -- -- 0.04- 0.4- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.06 0.6

3
16/16H R52402 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.015 0.30 -- -- 0.04- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.08
17 R52252 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.015 0.20 -- -- 0.04- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.08
18 R56322 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.015 0.25 2.5- 2.0- 0.04- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
3.5 3.0 0.08
19 R58640 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.30 3.0- 7.5- -- -- -- 3.5- 5.5- -- 3.5- -- -- -- 0.15 0.4
B348/B348M − 21

4.0 8.5 4.5 6.5 4.5

20 R58645 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.30 3.0- 7.5- 0.04- -- -- 3.5- 5.5- -- 3.5- -- -- -- 0.15 0.4
4.0 8.5 0.08 4.5 6.5 4.5
21 R58210 0.05 0.17 0.03 0.015 0.40 2.5- -- -- -- -- 14.0- -- -- -- 2.2- -- 0.15- 0.1 0.4
3.5 16.0 3.2 0.25
23 R56407 0.08 0.13 0.03 0.0125 0.25 5.5- 3.5- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
6.5 4.5
24 R56405 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.015 0.40 5.5- 3.5- 0.04- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
6.75 4.5 0.08
25 R56403 0.08 0.20 0.05 0.015 0.40 5.5- 3.5- 0.04- -- 0.3- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
6.75 4.5 0.08 0.8
26/26H R52404 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.015 0.30 -- -- -- 0.08- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.14
27 R52254 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.015 0.20 -- -- -- 0.08- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.14
28 R56323 0.08 0.15 0.03 0.015 0.25 2.5- 2.0- -- 0.08- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
3.5 3.0 0.14
29 R56404 0.08 0.13 0.03 0.0125 0.25 5.5- 3.5- -- 0.08- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
6.5 4.5 0.14
30 R53530 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.015 0.30 -- -- 0.04- -- -- -- -- 0.20- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.08 0.80
31 R53532 0.08 0.35 0.05 0.015 0.30 -- -- 0.04- -- -- -- -- 0.20- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.08 0.80
 TABLE 1 Continued
Composition, Weight PercentA,B,C,D,E
Other Other
Oxygen Iron Elements, Elements,
UNS Carbon, range Nitrogen, Hydrogen, range max. max.
Grade Number max. or max. max. max. or max. Aluminum Vanadium Palladium Ruthenium Nickel Molybdenum Chromium Cobalt Zirconium Niobium Tin Silicon each total
32 R55111 0.08 0.11 0.03 0.015 0.25 4.5- 0.6- -- -- -- 0.6- -- -- 0.6- -- 0.6- 0.06- 0.1. 0.4
5.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 0.14
33 R53442 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.015 0.30 -- -- 0.01- 0.02- 0.35- -- 0.1- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.02 0.04 0.55 0.2
34 R53445 0.08 0.35 0.05 0.015 0.30 -- -- 0.01- 0.02- 0.35- -- 0.1- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.02 0.04 0.55 0.2
35 R56340 0.08 0.25 0.05 0.015 0.20- 4.0- 1.1- -- -- -- 1.5- -- -- -- -- -- 0.20- 0.1 0.4
0.80 5.0 2.1 2.5 0.40
36 R58450 0.04 0.16 0.03 0.015 0.03 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 42.0- -- -- 0.1 0.4

4
47.0
37 R52815 0.08 0.25 0.03 0.015 0.30 1.0- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
2.0
38 R54250 0.08 0.20- 0.03 0.015 1.2- 3.5- 2.0- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
0.30 1.8 4.5 3.0
41 R56461 0.10 0.30 0.05 0.015 0.4- 5.5- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1 0.4
1.5 6.5
B348/B348M − 21

A
At minimum, the analysis of samples from the top and bottom of the ingot or of the product from the top and bottom of the ingot shall be completed and reported for all elements listed for the respective grade in this
table.
B
Final product hydrogen shall be reported. Ingot hydrogen need not be reported. Lower hydrogen may be obtained by negotiation with the manufacturer.
C
Single values are maximum. The percentage of titanium is determined by difference.
D
Other elements need not be reported unless the concentration level is greater than 0.1 % each, or 0.4 % total. Other elements may not be added intentionally. Other elements may be present in titanium or titanium
alloys in small quantities and are inherent to the manufacturing process. In titanium these elements typically include aluminum, vanadium, tin, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium,
palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.
E
The purchaser may, in the written purchase order, request analysis for specific elements not listed in this specification.
 B348/B348M − 21
TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsA
Tensile Strength, min Yield Strength (0.2 % Offset) min or range Elongation in 4D, 4 W Reduction of Area,
Grade or 2 inch min, % min %
ksi MPa ksi MPa
1 35 240 20 138 24 30
2 50 345 40 275 20 30
2HB,C 58 400 40 275 20 30
3 65 450 55 380 18 30
4 80 550 70 483 15 25
5 130 895 120 828 10 25
6 120 828 115 795 10 25
7 50 345 40 275 20 30
7HB,C 58 400 40 275 20 30
9 90 620 70 483 15 25
9D 90 620 70 483 12 25
11 35 240 20 138 24 30
12 70 483 50 345 18 25
13 40 275 25 170 24 30
14 60 410 40 275 20 30
15 70 483 55 380 18 25
16 50 345 40 275 20 30
16HB,C 58 400 40 275 20 30
17 35 240 20 138 24 30
18 90 620 70 483 15 25
18D 90 620 70 483 12 20
19E 115 793 110 759 15 25
19F 135 930 130 to 159 897 to 1096 10 20
19G 165 1138 160 to 185 1104 to 1276 5 20
20E 115 793 110 759 15 25
20F 135 930 130 to 159 897 to 1096 10 20
20G 165 1138 160 to 185 1104 to 1276 5 20
21E 115 793 110 759 15 35
21F 140 966 130 to 159 897 to 1096 10 30
21G 170 1172 160 to 185 1104 to 1276 8 20
23 120 828 110 759 10 25
23D 120 828 110 759 7.5H , 6.0I 15
24 130 895 120 828 10 25
25 130 895 120 828 10 25
26 50 345 40 275 20 30
26HB,C 58 400 40 275 20 30
27 35 240 20 138 24 30
28 90 620 70 483 15 25
28D 90 620 70 483 12 20
29 120 828 110 759 10 25
29D 120 828 110 759 7.5H , 6.0I 15
30 50 345 40 275 20 30
31 65 450 55 380 18 30
32 100 689 85 586 10 25
33 50 345 40 275 20 30
34 65 450 55 380 18 30
35 130 895 120 828 5 20
36 65 450 60 to 95 410 to 655 10 ...
37 50 345 31 215 20 30
38 130 895 115 794 10 25
41 130 895 120 825 10 25
A
These properties apply to longitudinal sections up to 3 in. [76 mm] in thickness with a maximum of 10 in.2 [64.5 cm2]. Mechanical properties of larger sections shall be
negotiated between the manufacturer and purchaser.
B
Material is identical to the corresponding numeric grade (that is, Grade 2H = Grade 2) except for the higher guaranteed minimum UTS, and may always be certified as
meeting the requirements of its corresponding numeric grade. Grade 2H, 7H, 16H, and 26H are intended primarily for pressure vessel use.
C
The H grades were added in response to a user association request based on its study of over 5200 commercial Grade 2, 7, 16, and 26 test reports, where over 99 %
met the 58 ksi minimum UTS.
D
Properties for material in transformed-beta condition.
E
Properties for solution treated condition.
F
Properties for solution treated and aged condition–Moderate strength (determined by aging temperature).
G
Properties for solution treated and aged condition–High strength (determined by aging temperature).
H
For product section or wall thickness values <1.0 in.
I
For product section or wall thickness values $1.0 in.

5
 B348/B348M − 21
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Product Analysis elements not listed in Table 1 shall not be required unless
Product Analysis Permissible Variation specified and shall be considered to be in excess of the intent
Element Limits, max or in Product of this specification.
Range, % Analysis
Aluminum 0.5 to 2.5 ±0.20 5.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must be
Aluminum 2.5 to 6.75 ±0.40 identified, analyzed and reported in the chemical analysis.
Carbon 0.10 +0.02
Chromium 0.1 to 0.2 ±0.02 5.2 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser and
Chromium 5.5 to 6.5 ±0.30 requested by the purchaser in his written purchase order,
Cobalt 0.2 to 0.8 ±0.05
Hydrogen 0.02 +0.002
chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residual
Iron 0.80 +0.15 elements not listed in this specification.
Iron 0.80 to 1.8 ±0.20
Molybdenum 0.2 to 0.4 ±0.03 5.3 Product Analysis—Product analysis tolerances do not
Molybdenum 0.6 to 1.2 ±0.15 broaden the specified heat analysis requirements, but cover
Molybdenum 1.5 to 4.5 ±0.20 variations between laboratories in the measurement of chemi-
Molybdenum 14.0 to 16.0 ±0.50
Nickel 0.3 to 0.9 ±0.05 cal content. The ingot manufacturer shall not ship material
Niobium 2.2 to 3.2 ±0.15 which is outside the limits specified in Table 1 for the
Niobium >30 ±0.50 applicable grade. Product analysis limits shall be as specified in
Nitrogen 0.05 +0.02
Oxygen 0.30 +0.03 Table 3.
Oxygen 0.31 to 0.40 ±0.04
Palladium 0.01 to 0.02 ±0.002 6. Mechanical Properties
Palladium 0.04 to 0.08 ±0.005
Palladium 0.12 to 0.25 ±0.02 6.1 Material supplied under this specification shall conform
Ruthenium 0.02 to 0.04 ±0.005
Ruthenium 0.04 to 0.06 ±0.005
to the mechanical property requirements given in Table 2, as
Ruthenium 0.08 to 0.14 ±0.01 applicable.
Silicon 0.06 to 0.40 ±0.02
Tin 0.62.0 to 3.0 ±0.15 6.2 Tension testing specimens are to be machined and tested
Vanadium 0.6 to 4.5 ±0.15 in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M. Tensile properties
Vanadium 7.5 to 8.5 ±0.40 shall be determined using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007
Zirconium 0.6 to 1.4 ±0.15
ResidualsA (each) 0.15 +0.02 in./in./min through the specified yield strength, and then
A
A residual is an element present in a metal or alloy in small quantities and is
increasing the rate so as to produce failure in approximately
inherent to the manufacturing process but not added intentionally. In titanium these one additional minute.
elements include aluminum, vanadium, tin, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium,
zirconium, hafnium, bismuth, ruthenium, palladium, yttrium, copper, silicon, cobalt,
tantalum, nickel, boron, manganese, and tungsten.
7. Dimensions, Weight, and Permissible Variations
7.1 Size—Tolerances on titanium and titanium alloy mate-
rial covered by this specification shall be as specified in Tables
4-11, as applicable.
5.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloy 7.2 Weight—Quantity extras are applicable to individual
additions or elements which are inherent to the manufacture of items of a grade, thickness, width, and length ordered at one
titanium sponge, ingot or mill product. time for shipment at one time to one destination. Different
5.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 are lengths of the same size and grade may be combined for
deemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table quantity extra. The shipping weight of any item of an ordered
1 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrap size in any finish may exceed the theoretical weight by as much
additions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis for as 10 %.

TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Size for Titanium Bars—Hot-Worked Rounds and Squares
Size Variations, Out-of-RoundA or Out-of-Square,B
Specified Size, in. [mm] in. [mm]
in. [mm]
1⁄4 to 5⁄16 [6.35 to 7.94], incl ±0.005 [0.13] 0.008 [0.20]
Over 5⁄16 to 7⁄16 [7.94 to 11.11], incl ±0.006 [0.15] 0.009 [0.23]
Over 7⁄16 to 5⁄8 [11.11 to 15.88], incl ±0.007 [0.18] 0.010 [0.25]
Over 5⁄8 to 7⁄8 [15.88 to 22.22], incl ±0.008 [0.20] 0.012 [0.30]
Over 7⁄8 to 1 [22.22 to 25.40], incl ±0.009 [0.23] 0.013 [0.33]
Over 1 to 11⁄8 [25.40 to 28.58], incl ±0.010 [0.25] 0.015 [0.38]
Over 11⁄8 to 11⁄4 [28.58 to 31.75], incl ±0.011 [0.28] 0.016 [0.41]
Over 11⁄4 to 13⁄8 [31.75 to 34.92], incl ±0.012 [0.30] 0.018 [0.46]
Over 13⁄8 to 11⁄2 [34.92 to 38.10], incl ±0.014 [0.36] 0.021 [0.53]
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.10 to 50.80], incl ±1⁄64 [0.40] 0.023 [0.58]
Over 2 to 21⁄2 [50.80 to 63.50], incl +1⁄32, −0 [0.79] 0.023 [0.58]
Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 [63.50 to 88.90], incl +3⁄64, −0 [1.19] 0.035 [0.89]
Over 31⁄2 to 41⁄2 [88.90 to 114.30], incl +1⁄16, −0 [1.59] 0.046 [1.17]
A
Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the bar, measured at the same cross section.
B
Out-of-square section is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of a square bar, each dimension being the distance between opposite faces.

6
 B348/B348M − 21
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Size for Titanium Bars—Hot-Worked Hexagons and Octagons
Size Variation, Maximum Difference, 3 Measurements,
Specified Sizes Between Opposite Sides, in. [mm]
in. [mm] in. [mm]
1⁄4 to 1⁄2 [6.35 to 12.70], incl ±0.007 [0.18] 0.011 [0.28]
Over 1⁄2 to 1 [12.70 to 25.40], incl ±0.010 [0.25] 0.015 [0.38]
Over 1 to 11⁄2 [25.40 to 38.10], incl ±0.021 [0.53] 0.025 [0.64]
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.10 to 50.80], incl ±1⁄32 [0.79] 1⁄32 [0.79]

Over 2 to 21⁄2 [50.80 to 63.50], incl ±3⁄64 [1.19] 3⁄64 [1.19]

Over 21⁄2 to 31⁄2 [63.50 to 88.90], incl ±1⁄16 [1.59] 1⁄16 [1.59]

TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Size for Titanium Bars—Hot-Worked Flats

Thickness Variation from Specified Thickness, in. [mm]
Specified Widths, in. [mm] ⁄ to 1⁄2 in. [3.18 to 12.70
18 Over 1⁄2 to 1 in. [12.70 to Over 1 to 2 in. [25.40 to
Width Variation, in. [mm]
mm], incl 25.40 mm], incl 50.80 mm], incl
To 1 [25.40], incl ±0.008 [0.20] ±0.010 [0.25] ... +1⁄64, −1⁄64 [+0.40, −0.40]
Over 1 to 2 [25.40 to 50.80], incl ±0.012 [0.30] ±0.015 [0.38] ±1⁄32 [0.79] +1⁄32, −1⁄32 [+0.79, −0.79]
Over 2 to 4 [50.80 to 101.60], incl ±0.015 [0.38] ±0.020 [0.51] ±1⁄32 [0.79] +1⁄16, −1⁄32 [+1.59, −0.79]
Over 4 to 6 [101.60 to 152.40], incl ±0.015 [0.38] ±0.020 [0.51] ±1⁄32 [0.79] +3⁄32, −1⁄16 [+2.38, −1.59]
Over 6 to 8 [152.40 to 203.20], incl ±0.016 [0.41] ±0.025 [0.64] ±1⁄32 [0.79] +1⁄8, −5⁄32 [+3.18, −3.97]
Over 8 to 10 [203.20 to 254.0], incl ±0.021 [0.53] ±0.031 [0.79] ±1⁄32 [0.79] +5⁄32, −3⁄16 [+3.97,−4.76]

TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Size for Titanium Chips should be collected from clean metal and tools should be
Bars—Cold-Finished Rounds clean and sharp. Samples for analysis should be stored in
Specified Size, in. [mm] Size Variation,A in. [mm] suitable containers.
Over ⁄ to 1 [12.70 to 25.40], excl
12 ±0.002 [0.05]
1 to 11⁄2 [25.40 to 38.10], excl ±0.0025 [0.06] 9.2 At least two samples for chemical analysis shall be
11⁄2 to 4 [38.10 to 101.60], incl ±0.003 [0.08] tested to determine chemical composition. Samples shall be
A
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, taken from top and bottom ingot locations, or from product
because of special hardness or mechanical property requirements, tolerances are
commonly double those shown in this table.
representative of the top and bottom of the ingot or from the
opposite extremes of the product to be analyzed.

TABLE 8 Permissible Variations in Size for Titanium 10. Methods of Chemical Analysis
Bars—Cold-Finished Hexagons, Octagons, and Squares
10.1 The chemical analysis shall normally be conducted
Specified Size, in. [mm] Size Variation,A in. [mm]
using the ASTM standard test methods referenced in 2.1. Other
Over 1⁄2 to 1 [12.70 to 25.40], incl + 0, − 0.004 [−0.10]
Over 1 to 2 [25.40 to 50.80], incl + 0, − 0.006 [−0.16]
industry standard methods may be used where the ASTM test
Over 2 to 3 [50.80 to 76.20], incl + 0, − 0.008 [−0.20] methods in 2.1 do not adequately cover the elements in the
Over 3 [76.20] + 0, − 0.010 [−0.25] material or by agreement between the producer and the
A
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, purchaser. Alternate techniques are discussed in Guide E2626.
because of special hardness or mechanical property requirements, tolerances are
commonly double those shown in this table.
11. Retests
11.1 If the results of any chemical or mechanical property
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance test lot are not in conformance with the requirements of this
specification, the lot may be retested at the option of the
8.1 Titanium and titanium alloy bar and billet shall be free
manufacturer. The frequency of the retest will double the initial
of injurious external and internal imperfections of a nature that
number of tests. If the results of the retest conform to the
will interfere with the purpose for which it is intended.
specification, then the retest values will become the test values
Annealed material may be furnished as descaled, sandblasted,
for certification. Only original conforming test results or the
ground, or rough turned. The manufacturer shall be permitted
conforming retest results shall be reported to the purchaser. If
to remove minor surface imperfections by spot grinding if such
the results for the retest fail to conform to the specification, the
grinding does not reduce the thickness of the material below
material will be rejected in accordance with Section 14.
the minimum permitted by the tolerance for the thickness
ordered.
12. Referee Test and Analysis
9. Sampling 12.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturer
9.1 Samples for chemical analyses shall be representative of and the purchaser on the conformance of the material to the
the material being tested. The utmost care must be used in requirements of this specification, a mutually acceptable ref-
sampling titanium for chemical analysis because of its great eree shall perform the tests in question using the ASTM
affinity for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. standard test methods in 2.1. The referee’s testing shall be used
Therefore, in cutting samples for analysis, the operation should in determining conformance of the material to this specifica-
be carried out insofar as possible in a dust-free atmosphere. tion. Check analysis limits apply.

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 B348/B348M − 21
TABLE 9 Permissible Variations in Size for Titanium Bars—Cold-Finished Flats
Width VariationsA from Specified Thicknesses, in. [mm]
Size Width or Thickness, in. [mm] Thickness Variation,A in. [mm]
⁄ in. [6.35 mm] and under
14 Over 1⁄4 in. [6.35 mm]
Over 3⁄8 to 1 [9.54 to 25.40], incl ±0.004 [0.10] ±0.002 [0.05] ±0.002 [0.05]
Over 1 to 2 [25.40 to 50.80], incl ±0.006 [0.15] ±0.003 [0.08] ±0.003 [0.08]
Over 2 to 3 [50.80 to 76.20], incl ±0.008 [0.20] ±0.004 [0.10] ±0.004 [0.10]
Over 3 to 41⁄2 [76.20 to 114.30], incl ±0.010 [0.25] ±0.005 [0.13] ±0.005 [0.13]
A
When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after cold finishing, because of special hardness or mechanical property requirements, tolerances are commonly
double those shown in this table.

TABLE 10 Permissible Variations in Length for Titanium Bars—Hot Worked and Cold Finished
Length Variations, in. [mm]
Specified Sizes, all Shapes, in. [mm]
To 12 ft [3.66 m], incl Over 12 to 25 ft [3.66 to 7.62 m], incl
To 2 [50.80], incl +1⁄2, −0 [+12.70] +3⁄4, −0 [+19.05]
Over 2 to 4 [50.80 to 101.60], incl +3⁄4, −0 [+19.05] +1, −0 [+25.40]
Over 4 to 6 [101.60 to 152.40], incl +1, −0 [+25.40] +11⁄4, −0 [+31.75]
Over 6 to 9 [152.40 to 228.60], incl +11⁄4, −0 [+31.75] +11⁄2, −0 [+38.10]
Over 9 to 12 [228.60 to 304.80], incl +11⁄2, −0 [+38.10] +2, −0 [+50.80]
Machine Cut After Machine Straightening
To 3 [76.20], incl +1⁄8, −0 [+3.18] +3⁄16, −0 [+4.76]
Over 3 to 6 [76.20 to 152.40], incl + 3⁄16, −0 [+4.76] +1⁄4, −0 [+6.35]
Over 6 to 9 [152.40 to 228.60], incl +1⁄4, −0 [+6.35] +5⁄16, −0 [+7.94]
Over 9 to 12 [228.60 to 304.80], incl +1⁄2, −0 [+12.70] +1⁄2, −0 [+12.70]

TABLE 11 Camber for Hot-Worked and Cold-Finished Titanium

Bars for Machining
NOTE 1—Camber is the greatest deviation of a side from a straight line.
Measurement is taken on the concave side of the bar with a straightedge.
Unless otherwise specified, hot-worked and cold-finished bars for machin-
ing purposes are furnished machine straightened to the tolerances speci-
fied in this table.
Tolerance
Hot worked ⁄ in. [3.18 mm] in any 5 ft [1524 mm], but may not exceed
18

1⁄8 × No. of ft in length

5
Cold finished 1⁄16 in. [1.59 mm] in any 5 ft [1524 mm], but may not exceed

1⁄16 × No. of ft in length

13. Rounding-Off Procedure with the requirements of this specification and that the results
13.1 For purposes of determining conformance with the of chemical analysis, tensile, and other tests meet the require-
specifications contained herein, an observed or a calculated ments of this specification for the grade specified. The report
value shall be rounded off to the nearest “unit” in the last shall include results of all chemical analysis, tensile tests, and
right-hand significant digit used in expressing the limiting all other tests required by the specification. The report shall
value. This is in accordance with the round-off method of include the manufacturing method (hot rolled, forged,
Practice E29. extruded, or cold worked).

14. Rejection 16. Packaging and Package Marking

14.1 Material not conforming to this specification or to 16.1 Marking—Unless otherwise specified, individual
authorized modifications shall be subject to rejection. Unless pieces or bundles shall have attached a metal tag stamped with
otherwise specified, rejected material may be returned to the the purchase order number, the specification number, the
manufacturer at the manufacturer’s expense, unless the pur- nominal size and manufacturer’s heat number, or shall be
chaser receives, within three weeks of notice of rejection, other boxed and the box marked with the same information. In
instructions for disposition. addition to the above identification, bars 1 in. [25.4 mm] and
over in diameter or distance between parallel sides shall be
15. Certification stamped with the heat number within 2 in. [50.8 mm] of one
15.1 The manufacturer shall supply at least one copy of the end.
report certifying that the material supplied has been 16.2 Packaging—Unless otherwise specified, material pur-
manufactured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance chased under this specification may be packaged for shipment

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 B348/B348M − 21
either by boxing, crating, single boarding, burlapping, or with 17. Keywords
no protection in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard 17.1 bar; billet; titanium; titanium alloy
practice.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee B10 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(B348/B348M – 19) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved November 1, 2021.)

(1) Added Grade 41 in 1.1.36.

(2) Added Grade 41 in Table 1 and Table 2.
(3) In Table 3, product analysis limit of iron “1.2 to 1.8” (%) is
expanded to “0.8 to 1.8” (%) to include the iron content of the
Grade 41.

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