EIA Process

The EIA Process
ENT Cando III | etcando@up.edu.ph
For exclusive use of ENS 296, 1st Semester AY 2020-2021

Be advised that you are strictly not allowed to reproduce, share, post,
or utilize these materials other than for its intended purpose of
instructing you on the topics of ENS 296: Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA).
School of Environmental Science and Management

https://www.sesam.uplb.edu.ph
Presentation Outline
I EIA in the Project Development Cycle

II Detailed Procedural Steps of EIA in the Philippine Context

EIA and the Project
Development Cycle
“All proposed development
projects, whether
government or private are
required to undergo an EIA
and secure an Environmental
Compliance Commitment
(ECC) certificate prior to
implementation.”
– EMB, 2010

Procedural Steps of EIA
1. Screening
2. Scoping
a) IEC
b) Public Scoping
c) Technical Scoping
3. EIA Study and Report Preparation
4. Technical Review (1st)
5. Public Hearing
6. Technical Review (2nd)
7. Decision-making
8. ECC issuance
9. Project implementation and
monitoring

STEP 1: Formation of the EIA Team
EIA Team Composition

1. Team Leader (Environmental Planner /
Environmental Scientist)
2. Geologist (Geophysical)
3. Biodiversity Specialist (Flora and Fauna)
4. Hydrologist/Freshwater/Marine Specialist
5. Air Quality Specialist
6. Social Scientist / Sociologist
7. Economist

Step 2: Project Screening
What the project is all about? All EIA processes begin with the
thorough and full understanding of the
Why is the project being proposed project or investment.
proposed? Development targets?
Is the proposed project classified “We cannot manage what we do not

as Category A, B, C, D? know and understand.”
What decision-document is
required for the project? OUTPUT: Type of documentary requirement
(Project Description, Initial Environmental Examination,
Environmental Impact Statement, etc.)

List of Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs)
Source: SESAM EIA Draft Training Manual

List of Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) [1/2]

List of Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) [2/2]
School of Environmental Science and Management Recharge area of aquifers.

Source: SESAM EIA Draft Training Manual
How do we further categorize the proposed project?
EMB-MC 2014-005
Annex-A of the Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and
Standardized Requirement

Pre-Scoping Activities [1/2]
Initial Stakeholder Identification Minimum Audience for IEC

ü Local Government Units (LGUs);
Ø This shall be done to identify target
ü Government agencies with related mandates
groups for the Information and Education
on the type of project and impacts
Campaign (IEC).
ü Interest or advocacy groups and organizations
Ø The direct and indirect impact areas (NGOs/POs)
serve as the main reference for the ü Households, commercial establishments, and
determination of stakeholders who may industries that will be displaced
be potentially affected by the project. ü Vulnerable sectors (indigenous people, person
with disability, senior citizen, etc.)
ü Local institutions (schools, church, hospitals, etc.)

Delineating Impact Areas
Direct Impact Areas (DIA)
Ø Area where all project facilities are

proposed to be constructed or situated.
Ø Area where all operations are proposed

to be undertaken.
Ø The total area applied for an ECC.

Indirect Impact Areas (IIA)

Ø Stretch of rivers within and outside the
DIA which can potentially transport
contaminants and discharges from the
project towards downstream
communities.
Ø Municipalities, communities, and

special use zones adjacent to the DIA.
Ø Will be clearly delineated right after

monitoring activities.

Regional Impact Zone (RIZ)
Ø Pertains to the general area where the

impact of the project would be felt, such
as the entire municipality, province or
region.

Direct Impact Areas (DIA)

Indirect Impact Areas (IIA)
Regional Impact Zone (RIZ)

Pre-Scoping Activities [2/2]
IEC/Project Orientation Ø This shall be done to provide the initial stakeholders

with information about the project, the proponents,
and the scoping process.
Ø The IEC shall be in English and/or in Filipino or in local
language.
Ø Can be operationalize through field visits, meetings
with formal and informal community leaders, dialogue
with the community, barangay general assembly, and
key informant interviews (KIIs).
Ø Appropriate IEC materials: AVPs, printed media, local
radio, streamers, brochures, exhibits, etc.
Ø Conduct an initial perception survey.

Requirements Prior to Public Scoping
1. A letter of request for public scoping submitted for approval to EMB (CO/RO) within three (3)
months from the conduct of the said activity.
2. Proof of conduct of IEC activity: documentation of meetings, FGDs, and KIIs; list of participants;
documentation of IEC materials (proof of receipt).
3. Initial perception survey results. Public Disclosure by EMB
4. Project description for scoping (PDS). Posting of the following documents in the EMB
Website:
5. Proposed list of participants for public scoping.
Ø E-copy of PDS
6. Draft invitation letter (to be signed by EMB) and IEC Ø Date and venue of public scoping
materials for the public scoping. Ø Instructions and deadline for the registration
7. Draft presentation of the project. of intent to comment, and submission of
comments

Step 3: Public Scoping
Ø Shall be conducted in a public facility within the project site.
Public Scoping / Public Consultation
Ø Shall be facilitated by the EMB-CO/RO:
Ø EIA Process (by EMB)
Ø Project Presentation (by proponent)
Ø Open forum (2 hours) – issues, concerns, responses
Ø Summary of agreements and succeeding steps (by EMB)
Ø OUTPUT: Submission of Public Scoping Report (PSR)

Ø Attendance and description of all participants
Ø Segregated sectoral issues and concerns raised
Ø Proposed design and assessment of issues raised using
appropriate method
Ø EMB CO/RO: PSR Evaluation (3 WD); Approval (7 WD)

Step 3: Technical Scoping
Ø Shall be convened by EMB CO/RO with the EIA Review
Technical Scoping
Committee (EIARC). 7 WD after PSR approval
Ø Evaluation of submitted stakeholder attendance during
public scoping
Ø Technical Scope of EIA:
Ø based on significant issues/impacts raised and
agreements during public scoping
Ø Additional assessments deemed required by the EIARC
[EGGAR, ERA, CVRA, etc.]
Process Outputs:
Ø Completion of scoping activity and PSR posted in EMB Website
Ø EIARC-signed formal scoping checklist approved by EMB Chief

Step 3: Project Scoping
Public Scoping / Public
IEC/Project Orientation Technical Scoping
Consultation
Resolving Promotes Improves Affected people and

EMPs are
conflicts and transparency and decision-making vulnerable groups
more effective
key issues accountability and credibility are prioritized

Step 4.1: EIA Study
EIA Study Contents:

Ø Description of proposed project and alternatives
Ø Characterization of project environment
Ø Impact identification and prediction
Ø Evaluation of impact significance
Ø Formulation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Ø Impact Management Plan (IMP)
Ø Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP)
Ø IEC Plan
Ø Social Development Plan (SDP)

Cost-Effective Baselining Activities
Collection of background information on the environmental and

socioeconomic setting for a proposed development project.
Secondary data collection Primary data collection
Data from local and Biophysical Socio-cultural Socio-economic

national government Information Information Information
agencies, parallel studies,
Flora and fauna, Demography, Income sources,
journal articles, maps, etc.
hydrology, geology, customs and tenurial instruments,
land use, climate, soil traditions, migration, peace and order
and water quality ethnicity, language, situation, mode of
conditions, etc. etc. transportation, etc.

What are project impacts?
Intensity of changes
With the project (+) net

impacts
An impact is a deviation (change)
Without the project
from the baseline situation as a result
of the project or investment.
(-) net
impacts
With the project
Time

What are impact classifications?
Type Biophysical, social, health, economic
Nature Direct, indirect, cumulative
Magnitude or severity High, moderate, low
Extent Local, regional, trans-boundary or global
Timing Short-term, immediate, long-term
Duration Temporary or permanent
Uncertainty Low likelihood, high probability
Reversibility Reversible, irreversible
Significance Important, unimportant

How do we prioritize project impacts?
Relevance based on
Project Description and a. Basis of assessment of relevance;
Project Location b. Proposed method of Impact
List of Key Environmental Issues (LS=likely significant; Assessment;
LI=likely insignificant; NR= c. Other instructions per project phase
not relevant)
LS LI NR
1.0 THE LAND
1.1 Land Use and Classification
1.1.1 Encroachment in PAs under NIPAS
1.2 Geology and Geomorphology
1.2.1 Inducement of landslides
1.3 Pedology
1.4 Terrestrial Biology

Annex 2-7a
Relevance based on Project
Description and Project Location a. Basis of assessment of relevance;
(LS=likely significant; LI=likely b. Proposed method of Impact
List of Key Environmental Issues insignificant; NR= not relevant) Assessment;
LS LI NR c. Other instructions per project phase
2.0 THE WATER

2.1 Hydrology/Hydrogeology
2.1.1 Change in drainage morphology
2.1.2 Change in stream, lake, river depth
2.1.3 Reduction in volumetric flow
2.2 Oceanography
2.2.1 Change in circulation pattern
2.2.2 Change in bathymetry
2.3 Water Quality
2.3.1 Ground water pollution
2.3.2 Stream water pollution
2.3.3 Marine water pollution
2.4 Fresh Water Ecology
2.5 Marine Ecology
Annex 2-7a
3.0 THE AIR

3.1 Meteorology/Climatology
3.1.1 Change in the local climate (local
temperature, humidity, etc.)
3.1.2 Contribution to global greenhouse gas
3.1.3 . . .
3.1.4 . . .
3.2 Air Quality and Noise
3.2.1 Air pollution
3.2.2 Increase in noise
3.2.3 . . .
3.2.4 . . .

Annex 2-7a
4.0 THE PEOPLE

4.1.1 Displacement of settler
4.1.2 Change in land ownership
4.1.3 Displacement of property
4.1.4 Right of Way conflict
4.1.5 In.-migration
4.1.6 Presence of Indigenous People
4.1.7 Cultural Change
4.1.8 Threat to Public Health
4.1.9 Local benefits from the project
4.1.10 Threat to delivery of basic services
4.1.11 Traffic congestion

Annex 2-7a
Impact analysis, prediction Air quality, level of particulate Water Quantity, quality, reliability,
accessibility
matter, noise
and evaluation Land Erosion, crop productivity,
salinity, land use, nutrient
concentrations
What are the spatial and temporal
boundaries of the project?
Fauna Populations, habitat, key
species
What will happen as a result of
the project? Flora Composition and density of
natural vegetation,
productivity, key species
How large is the change?

Social Customs, traditions, values
system, ethnicity,
What changes are important?
Social Alternative livelihood,
opportunities, income,
quality of life, nutrition

How do we quantify environmental impacts?

How do we manage project impacts?
Desirable
How can we remedy the Avoidance

unwanted changes?
Enhancement
How can we enhance the
beneficial changes?
Mitigation
How to ensure environmental
quality?
Compensation
How to ensure social equity?
Rare

Baselining and Data Collection
Baseline Information/Data Collection and

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Biophysical
Physical
Environment Socio-economic and
Environment Health Impact Economic/Resource
(Freshwater, Marine Socio-cultural
(Land, Air, Water Assessment (HIA) Valuation
and Terrestrial Assessment (SIA)
and Climate)
Biodiversity
Impact Assessment
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Specific Contents and Requirements No. of Pages
EIS Report Preparation Project Fact Sheet 2-3
Table of Contents 9-10
Executive Summary 15
Layout: Brief Project Description (3)
Brief Summary of Project EIA Process (2)
Font Arial Summary of Baseline Characterization (4)
Summary of IA and EMP (3)
Font Size 10 Summary of EMoP (2)
EMF and EGF Commitments (2)
Spacing Single-space Main EIS (excluding Annexes) 142
Basic Project Information (3)
Justified (1” all sides); Description of Project’s EIA Process (25)
Margin
No indentions Project Description (30)
Baseline Environmental Conditions Impact
Paper Size A4 bond size Assessment and Mitigation (50)
Environmental Risk Assessment (2)
Printing Back-to-back Environmental Management Plan (30)
Bibliography/References 2
Annexes 80

EIA Documentary Types and Generic Contents ?
Environmental Impact Statement Programmatic Environmental

(EIS) Impact Statement (PEIS)
For single, new projects. Contains For single co-located projects.

primary environmental baseline Primary environmental baseline
data. data and carrying capacity.
Maximum of 250 pages. Content Maximum of 350 pages. Content

outline is presented in Annex 2-12, outline is presented in Annex 2-11,
pp. 153 – 154. pp. 149 – 152.

Initial Environmental Examination

Project Description Report (PDR)
Checklist Report (IEE)
Secondary environmental baseline data. Describes the nature, location,

Description of the project, location, configuration and use of raw materials
impacts and management strategies. and resources.
Maximum of 75 pages. Content outline is Maximum of 30 pages. Content outline is

presented in Annex 2-15, pp. 159 - 160. presented in Annex 2-16, p. 161.

Programmatic Environmental
Environmental Performance Report and
Performance Report and Management
Management Plan (EPRMP)
Plan (PEPRMP)
Actual environmental impacts of co-
Actual environmental impacts and
located projects with proposals for
effectiveness of current measures for
expansions and modifications. Plans for
single projects that are already operating.
performance improvement.
Maximum of 150 pages. Content outline
Maximum of 200 pages. Content outline
is presented in Annex 2-14, pp. 157 – 158.
is presented in Annex 2-13, pp. 155 - 156.

Steps 5: EIA Report Technical Reviews and Evaluation
PROPONENT Copy of
presentation
Preparation of Notice of
EIS Summary for the Public (ESP) Submit Public Hearing
EIA Technical/ Review Committee Community
Review Process Report Public Hearing
Preparation of Draft EIA Report Certificate of
No Objection
Additional Information (AI)

Step 6: Public Hearing
Ø The EMB CO/RO shall plan, initiate, and conduct

Public Hearing (with sufficient information
dissemination);
Ø The EMB CO/RO shall designate a Hearing Officer
which shall directs and facilitates the orderly
flow of proceedings to elicit stakeholder
feedbacks and identify options for resolution of
issues and conflicts;
Ø Designated HOs hall prepare the Hearing
Officer’s Report (HOR)
Public Hearing on the Coal-fired Powerplant
Project in Cebu | April 16, 2016

Step 6: Public Hearing
Ø Open forum shall be at least 3 hours

Ø Full documentation of the Public Hearing shall be
prepared by the proponent and validated by EMB
Ø Attendance and description of stakeholders
Ø Strategy of information dissemination
Ø Segregated comments, issues raised,
suggestions, and responses by
DENR/Proponent
Ø Summary of issues beyond DENRs mandate
Ø Transcription of the proceedings
Public Hearing on Didipio Mining Project in Ø Video-documentation
Nueva Vizcaya | February 28, 2020 Ø Issuance of Certificate of NO OBJECTION.

EMB Executive Director / EMB Regional Director
Decision-making
APPROVED For Redesign For Resubmission REJECTED
Sworn Statement of Full Responsibility
Steps 7: Issuance of Environmental Compliance Certificate

Decision-making (ECC) or Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC)
Formation of MMT (15 days after issuance of ECC); Establishment EGF and EMF
ECC/CNC endorsed and transmitted by

EMB to Local Government Units
Compliance to all LGU-mandated permits and clearances
Project Implementation and

Monitoring

Step 8: Monitoring, Validation and Evaluation
Proponent/Company Self-Monitoring
The project proponent shall

establish an environmental unit to
perform the tasks stipulated in the
Environmental Management Plan
(EMP), ECC Conditionalities and other
requirements required by existing
national and local laws and policies.

Step 8: Monitoring, Validation and Evaluation
Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) Project-based Memorandum of

Agreement (MOA)
MMTs are organized to encourage

public participation, to promote
greater stakeholder vigilance and to Environmental Guarantee
provide appropriate Fund (EGF)
check and balance mechanisms in the
monitoring of project implementation. Environmental Monitoring
Fund (EMF)
Responsible for validating Proponent’s
environmental performance. MMT Manual of Operations

Monitoring by DENR – EMB
Formation of
Composite Team
EIA Management Division

(EIAMD)
Environmental Quality
Division (EQD)
Pollution Control Division

(PCD)

Reminders: How to make an effective EIA?
EIA is undertaken early enough to affect

It must be an integral part of the project project design
development cycle. Mitigation and monitoring developed in
the EIA process are implemented.
The full EIA study must consider real

It must be honest and scientific. alternatives
Impacts must be assessed honestly.
The conduct of EIA must be participatory

It must be transparent and accessible.

End of Lecture 2-3
Workshop No. 1 and 2 @ 1:00PM
Next Meeting
advance lectures on
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Environmental Compliance Commitment (ECC) Certificate


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The EIA Process

ENT Cando III | etcando@up.edu.ph

For exclusive use of ENS 296, 1st Semester AY 2020-2021

School of Environmental Science and Management

I EIA in the Project Development Cycle

School of Environmental Science and Management

School of Environmental Science and Management

School of Environmental Science and Management

EIA Team Composition

School of Environmental Science and Management

Is the proposed project classified “We cannot manage what we do not

School of Environmental Science and Management

Source: SESAM EIA Draft Training Manual

School of Environmental Science and Management

School of Environmental Science and Management

School of Environmental Science and Management Recharge area of aquifers.

School of Environmental Science and Management

Initial Stakeholder Identification Minimum Audience for IEC

School of Environmental Science and Management

Direct Impact Areas (DIA)

Ø Area where all project facilities are

Ø Area where all operations are proposed

Ø The total area applied for an ECC.

School of Environmental Science and Management

Indirect Impact Areas (IIA)

Ø Municipalities, communities, and

Ø Will be clearly delineated right after

School of Environmental Science and Management

Regional Impact Zone (RIZ)

Ø Pertains to the general area where the

School of Environmental Science and Management

Direct Impact Areas (DIA)

School of Environmental Science and Management

IEC/Project Orientation Ø This shall be done to provide the initial stakeholders

School of Environmental Science and Management

School of Environmental Science and Management

Ø OUTPUT: Submission of Public Scoping Report (PSR)

School of Environmental Science and Management

School of Environmental Science and Management

Resolving Promotes Improves Affected people and

School of Environmental Science and Management

EIA Study Contents:

School of Environmental Science and Management

Collection of background information on the environmental and

Secondary data collection Primary data collection

Data from local and Biophysical Socio-cultural Socio-economic

School of Environmental Science and Management

With the project (+) net

School of Environmental Science and Management

Type Biophysical, social, health, economic

Nature Direct, indirect, cumulative

Magnitude or severity High, moderate, low

Extent Local, regional, trans-boundary or global

Timing Short-term, immediate, long-term

Duration Temporary or permanent

Uncertainty Low likelihood, high probability

Reversibility Reversible, irreversible

Significance Important, unimportant

School of Environmental Science and Management

School of Environmental Science and Management