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org © 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 2 February 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882

IOT Based Water Level Monitoring & Controlling

System
1
Nikita B Jape,2Ankita B Jape,3Priya S Jape, 4 Ishan N Ajmera,5Dhiraj UBhamre, 6Prof. Rahul M. Dhokane,
1
Student,2Student,3Student, 4Student, 5Student, 6Professor
1
Information Technology,
1
Sir Visvesvarya Institute of Technology, Nashik, India

Abstract:In today’s life water is very necessary. Looking toward the need of water, liters of water is wasted in daily life. To stop
the wastage of water we are developing IOT based water level monitoring and controlling system which will save liters of water
from wastage by automatically controlling the level of the water in the tank and prevent it from overflowing. Water level
monitoring system solves this problem, it will give right information about water level and it will avoid wastage water in tank
using Ultrasonic Sensor which will senses the liquid level and compare it with the depth of the tank. The system also uses
Arduino Uno, Buzzer, LCD screen to display the level of water in the tank and the state of motor.

Keywords – Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic Sensor, Liquid Crystal Display, Buzzer.

I. INTRODUCTION
Water is important and without water we can’t live. So water wastage need to be controlled for our environment and for living
beings. Many times we switch on motor and forget to turn off, because of this most of the water is wasted unknowingly. This leads
to water scarcity. This system is designed to monitor the water level at rural areas so that they help in detecting the wastage of
water and precautions can be taken to avoid overflowing of water where monitoring is a tough. This system monitors the water
level in the tank and automatically switches ON the motor pump when tank is empty and motor pump is switched OFF as soon as
the level of water reaches at adequate level. The status of motor is displayed on Liquid Crystal Display i.e.”MOTOR IS ON” or
”MOTOR IS OFF” and withsound of buzzer so that user can get the information. This system eliminates the efforts of people for
daily filling of the tank and checks for overflow. Hence, the level on water in a tank can be automatically controlled. This system
can be used in Hotels, Industrial storage tank, Schools anywhere water levels need to be controlled.

II. PURPOSE
In many houses there is unnecessary wastage of water due to overflow in overhead tanks. The working of water level monitoring
& controlling system is very easy. A water level controller is a device that manages water levels in water tanks, pumps, and for
filling any type of liquid in the tank. Basic function of a water level controller is to limit the water wastage & protect against
unnecessary electricity usage. This is because level of water is controlled automatically, which limits the amount of electricity
used. As a result less water and electricity is used to regulate a water supply.
III. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Need of this system is to avoid wastage of water. Sometimes people forget to off the motor when the tank is full, because of that
water get wasted. To avoid wastage of water this project came into picture. By using this water level controller system we can
monitor water level and consumption of water.
IV. LITERATURE SURVEY
An automatic water level controller is developed and implemented[1]. Arduino Uno is used to automate the process of water
pump[1]. Water level detection in both source and overhead tanks, switch on/off the pump accordingly are the main controlling
signals the circuit[1]. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used to show the data on the screen[1]. Moreover, a microcontroller based
automated water level sensing and controlling is proposed that covers both design and implementation issues[1].

Hani and Myaing (2011) developed a microcontroller-based water flow control system. In this system, automatic water flow
control system is implemented, and can be used as process control system[1]. A sensing unit, photo interrupter, and slotted disk
are used to produce pulse train for frequency input of the microcontroller[1]. The sensor signal is counted as frequency and
converted to the flow rate by using software program in PIC[1]. This flow rate is compared to the set point value[1]. This
PIC16F628 can control the water valve by using DC motor to vary the water flow rate based on this comparison[1].

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www.ijcrt.org © 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 2 February 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882
Explained Agricultural land management practices are compatible with the preservation of water resources[3]. Hydrological
diagnoses are needed in order to choose the alternative land uses, cultivation practices and their spatial arrangements[3].

Olambimpe, (2010) worked on the design and construction of an automatic water pump control with level indicator[4]. The
design consists automatic control, with digital circuitry, for switching ON and OFF the pump, and an indicator to notify the user
about the level of water in the overhead tank[4]. Another feature of the design was the use of an alarming circuit to alert the user
whenever there is absence of water in the underground tank[4].

Omolola, (2010) worked on the design and construction of a water level detector with pump control based on a
microcontroller[5]. The project involved the use of a digital water level detector with the pump control and an instrument that
indicates the level of water in a tank, using seven-segment display to indicate the level[5]. Like Olabimpe (2010), it has an alarm
emits a continuous sound for 10s indicates the 100% level of tank[5].

Muhd Asran Bin Abdullah,2004-His theory gave how Human supervision is limited for several hours and the accuracy is almost
not perfect. Sensors introduce a better solution in accurate level measurement and automatic processing of water levels limit[6].
The water level controller circuit does not allow the pump to start if the water level inside the sumps goes low, and switches off
the pump even during the pumping period if the water level inside the sump sinks low while the process of pumping the water
towards the overhead tank continues[6]. A positive voltage supply is placed at the bottom of the overhead tank, and a full-level
probe is placed in the tank and the other end is connected to the base of the transistor through a resister[6]. Whenever the water
level rises to the maximum, then current flows through the base of the transistor and the collector voltage becomes low and is
interfaced with the port[6]. The programming is done in the microcontroller and sends the data to the microcontroller and LED[6].
Indicates the level of water and the motor switches off automatically The tone system attached to the alarm system gives level
information as ‘tank is full’ and ‘tank is empty’ so that a user can easily recognize the level of the water[6].

V. WORKING
In this Internet of Things based water level controller system the level of water is controlled by using a microcontroller. Main
components are ATmega328 microcontroller, sensor, motor, etc. The proposed system works making use of ultrasonic sensor to
detect the level of water in a tank. As Ultrasonic sensor is placed at the top of the tank. To determine the distance of the water
level, it transmits sound pulses that that reflect from the surface of the water and measures the time it takes for echo to return.The
formula used is Distance = (travel time * speed of sound)/2. .
By using this method we get distance of water surface through ultrasonic sensor. Where the sensor senses the presence of water
level and gives indication to microcontroller.

Figure 1- Block Diagram of water level monitoring & controlling system

The microcontroller produces the control signals to drive the motor pump. If the level of water is low in tank microcontroller
gives control signal to start the motor and also microcontroller enables the LCD to display the message "MOTOR IS ON" and
when the level of water reaches at adequate level, microcontroller gives instruction to stop the motor and display "MOTOR IS
OFF" and gives a alarm when tank is full. Below is the circuit diagram of water level monitoring and controlling system.

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www.ijcrt.org © 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 2 February 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882

Figure 2- Circuit Diagram

1.1 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE USED

A. Arduino IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a platform for Windows, macOS, Linux. It is easy to write
code in C and C++. It is connected to arduino hardware and upload programs.
B. Operating System
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources and provides
common services for programs.
C. Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328P. It consists of 14 digital I/O pins and 6 analog input pins,
a USB connection, a power jack and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-Dc adapter or battery to get started

Figure 3- Arduino Uno

D. Ultrasonic Sensor
As the name indicates, ultrasonic sensor is used to measure distance by using ultrasonic waves. It has 4 pins. VCC and
ground for switching the sensor on. Trigger pin to send the ultrasonic signal which are being received by echo pin. The
arduino calculate the signals sending and receiving time and gives the result in distance by some calculation.

Figure 4- Ultrasonic Sensor

E. Liquid Crystal Display
An electronic device that is used to display data and the message s known as LCD 16x2. It is a 16-pin device that has 2
rows that can accommodate 16 characters each. LCD 16x2 can b used in 4-bit mode or 8-bit mode.

Figure 5- Liquid Crystal Display

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www.ijcrt.org © 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 2 February 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882
F. Buzzer
It is an electronic used to give alarm sound as it is programmed.

Figure 6- Buzzer

VI. ADVANTAGES
a. Electricity- Motor will only run for a fixed time, so the overuse of electricity will be saved and this will also reduce the
electricity bills.
b. Works Automatically- Another advantage is that these devices can work on their own. there is no need to operate this
device manually.
c. Save Money- A water level controller helps save money by limiting the excessive wastage of water and electricity.
d. Requires no human effort- Every time it is not be possible for the userto keep an eye on water filling process in the tank
and immediately switch the motor ON or OFF. By using this system, it reduces the human effort as it controls the motor
automatically.
e. Construction- The design of a water level controller is very simple as it requires few components. The circuit involved is
also relatively simpler.

VII. APPLICATIONS
The use of water level controller includes the following applications:
a. Automatic water level controller will automatically START the motor as soon as the water level falls
below the predetermined level and switch OFF the motor as soon as tank is at adequate level.
b. This can also be used to detect the level of water in dams.
c. This application can be very useful in industries, Home, commercial complexes& agricultural fields. Industries which
contain liquids like Oil industries, water refilling industries and many. This system is used for filling any type of liquid
in the tank. Through this process, the tank is filled automatically and wastage of water is avoided.

VIII. FUTURE SCOPE

Water is very essential for all living being. But unfortunately excessive water is being wasted. We tried to overcome this problem
by using water level controller system. Main aim of this project is to stop the unnecessary wastage of water and reduce the burden
of the operator.In agricultural sector water level monitoring has good scope in future. There are many areas where we need to
control the wastage of water. It could be agricultural fields, overhead tanks, etc. This project can be implemented in domestic
areas, factories, work places with some modifications. It will also help in creating a smart city centered around the idea of water
preservation.

IX. CONCLUSION
Whole system operates automatically, so it does not need any expert person to operate it. The system has scope for future
development of city.We know that the major place where water gets wasted is industries and homes.This system can be also used
to atomize the control of dams without human interface, so now we do not have to worry about overflow anymore.

REFRENCE

[1] A. A. M. Eltaieb and Z. J. Min, “Automatic Water Level Control System”, Int. J. Sci. Res., vol. 4, no.12, pp. 1505-1509, 2014

[2] Hani, T.M., & Myaing, O.M. (2011). Design and Construction of Microcontroller based Water Flow Control System.
Proceeding of International Conference on Circuits, System and Simulation. Bangkok, Thailand.

[3] Pandey et.al(2004), Agricultural Economist, Research Review Vol. 24 January-June 2011 pp 109-118

[4] Olabimpe, A. I. (2010). Design and Construction of Water Pump Control with Level Indicator Project.

[5] Omolola, R. A. (2010). Design and Construction of a Water Detector with pump Control. Project, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

[6] Muhd Asran Bin Abdullah(2008), water level in tank using sensor and PID controller,btech.Thesis, University Malasia
Saraswak,Saraswak,123p

[7] https://www.arduino.cc

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