Colonization in The New Continent
Colonization in The New Continent
Colonization in The New Continent
The first permanent European settlement in what was to become the United States was established by
the Spanish in the middle 1500s at St. Augustine in Florida. However, it would not play a part in the
formation of the new nation. That story took place in settlements farther north along the Atlantic coast
in Virginia, Massachusetts, New York, and the 10 other areas colonized by a growing tide of immigrants
from Europe.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Columbus returned from his first voyage, they persuaded Pope Alexander VI to issue an edict giving
Spain all lands west of an imaginary line through the Atlantic. Portugal was not satisfied. Through the
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), the two countries agreed to move the line further west and give Portugal
exclusive right to the territory to the east. Although the result of the shift was unknown at the time, the
change put the eastern quarter of South America (Brazil) in the Portuguese sphere.
Colonial Period
Most settlers who came to the British colonies in the 1600s were English. Others came from The
Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, and later from Scotland and Northern Ireland. Some left their
homelands to escape war, political oppression, religious persecution, or a prison sentence. Some left as
servants who expected to work their way to freedom. Black Africans were sold into slavery and arrived
in shackles.
By 1690, the population was 250,000. Less than 100 years later, it had climbed to 2.5 million. The
settlers had many different reasons for coming to America, and eventually 13 distinct colonies
developed here. Differences among the three regional groupings of colonies were even more marked.
Causes of Colonization