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Colonization in The New Continent

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Colonization in the New Continent

The first permanent European settlement in what was to become the United States was established by
the Spanish in the middle 1500s at St. Augustine in Florida. However, it would not play a part in the
formation of the new nation. That story took place in settlements farther north along the Atlantic coast
in Virginia, Massachusetts, New York, and the 10 other areas colonized by a growing tide of immigrants
from Europe.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Columbus returned from his first voyage, they persuaded Pope Alexander VI to issue an edict giving
Spain all lands west of an imaginary line through the Atlantic. Portugal was not satisfied. Through the
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), the two countries agreed to move the line further west and give Portugal
exclusive right to the territory to the east. Although the result of the shift was unknown at the time, the
change put the eastern quarter of South America (Brazil) in the Portuguese sphere.

Colonial Period

Most settlers who came to the British colonies in the 1600s were English. Others came from The
Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, and later from Scotland and Northern Ireland. Some left their
homelands to escape war, political oppression, religious persecution, or a prison sentence. Some left as
servants who expected to work their way to freedom. Black Africans were sold into slavery and arrived
in shackles.

By 1690, the population was 250,000. Less than 100 years later, it had climbed to 2.5 million. The
settlers had many different reasons for coming to America, and eventually 13 distinct colonies
developed here. Differences among the three regional groupings of colonies were even more marked.

Causes of Colonization

1. Improvement in Technology: In Europe, there occurred a rebirth of classical learning. Columbus


and other navigators lived in the time when the creativity was vitally at the peak and navigator
and mariners were being financed to find out the shortest and safest routes to Asia. Europeans
were improving in technology from gun powder to the sailing compass. There were also major
improvements in ship building and map makings.
2. Renaissance in Europe: 1400 AD onwards is considered that to be the rising time of Europeans
after the Dark Age which was 200 to 1200 AD. The Europeans now were making progress in
every field of life and were keenly involve in learning and exploring. The technology of printing
press after 1450 also spread the knowledge across Europe which played a very important role in
educating the common man in Europe.
3. Religious Conflicts in Europe: The later years of renaissance were a time of religious zeal and
conflict in Europe. The dominant Roman Catholic culture was threatened by Othman empire
while the 35 37 Protestants revolted against the popeës authorities in Rome led to a series of
war between Protestants and Catholic Christians. The reforms by Protestants were known as
Protestants Reformation.
4. Expanding trade: Roots to Asia were blocked after Othman had taken over the city of
Constantinople in 1453. Europe were dependant on Asian for trade, herbs and agriculture
therefore they were in extensive need to find any other route to Asia.

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