Geotech Compress. of Soils

5 primay "Y Consolidation Co= com PIeSsion inday 009 (LL - 49) €0= in sity Void ratio St= So+ 85+ Se H= thickness of clay layer AP= average incre; Settlement a8€ Of effective stress on Clay layer leon nena Sc= primary consolidation settlement Ss= secondary Consolidation Llays settlement immediate or elastic settlement Over consolidat those whose Overburden pres which the soil past. led clays are Present. effective Sure is less than that experienced in the ® when Py +ap< Po Po = preconsolidation pressure CoH (Py + AP Normally Consolidated clays are Sc* 746, log (5) those Whose present effective a Overby Uurden pressure is the maximum essure that the soil was subjected Cg = swell index a 0 in the Past. The maximum tos} of Cy) Sfective past Pressure is called the (ranges from 5 to 19 of Ce Preconsolig lation pressure. hen Po +AP> Pe ° Ps = preconsolidation pressure CoH Po + AP Te, ns ) H Po + AP. tte P, Begs ) ; ° CsH 84S log fer-yeny Sc*74 5 9P, "1+ e% e ~ the clay layer caused by primary consolidation it a) The clay is normally consolidated. b) The preconsolidation pressure (Pc) = 190 kPa c) _ The preconsolidation pressure Po = 170 kPa. For a given over consolidated clay: Sp.gr.=2.71 Liquid limit = 45 | In situ average effective over burden = 120 kPa. In situ void ratio = 0.80 Thickness of clay layer = 4 m. AP = 40 kPa. Effective pressure at the mid-height of Clay layer = 60 kPa. Pressure Swell index (C3) = 5 Ce a) Compute the compression index. b) Compute the pre consolidation pressure c) Compute the primary consolidation settlement. From the figure shown, the water table is located 2 m. below the ground surface. A uniform load AP = 120 kPa is acting at the tp of the water surface. AP=120 kPaa pROBLEMS for. EXERCISI ) Compute the saturated unit weight of 4) sand put the overburden pressure atthe mrid-height of clay. Compute the primary consolidation settlement. Giuen the following data for @ normally consolidated clay layer in the field, Thickness of clay layer = 2.6 m. 1.30 Primary compression index Cg = ‘oid ratio = 0.80 Ave. efectve pressure at the mid height of the clay layer Po = 127 kPa AP=45 Pa (increase in vertical pressure) Seeonday compression index Coy = 0.02 Compute the primary consolidation settlement. Compute the secondary settlement of the lay layer five years after the completion of primary settlement. Time for Completion of primary settlement is 1.5 Ys. Compute the total consolidation Settlement. 389 ue For a laboratory consolidation test on a clay ‘specimen (drained on both sides) the following results were obtained, Thickness of the clay soil = 25 mm Py =50 kPa P2= 120 kPa Time for 50% consolidation = 2.5 min. Ty=0.197 a) Determine the coeff. of compressibility b) Determine the coeff. of consolidation. c) Determine the hydraulic conductivity of the clay for the loading range The square footing having a dimension of 3mx 31m. is resting on a soil having the given properties as shown on the figure. It carries a concentrated load of 1800 KN. The undrained elastic modulus of clay is estimated to be 40 MPa with a Poissons ratio of 0.5. i KN 24m) el7 Nin? * LL=41% e,-0.80 Ti eae eel Rock390 PROBLEMS for EXERCISES _ a) Compute the expected immediate settlement beneath the center of the footing. If the footing has a shape and foundation rigidity factor Cz = 0.82 b) Compute the settlement due to primary consolidation of clay if the clay has a void ratio of 0.80 and a liquid limit of 47%. Use the weighted average method of computing the average increase in pressure. c) Compute the total settlement expected over a 20 year time span assuming full primary consolidation of the clay requires approximately 5 years. Compression index for secondary compression is equal to 0.0136. The coordinates of two points on a given compression curve are as follows 4 = 1.82 P,=200 KPa eg 1.54 P= 400 kPa Compute the coefficient of compressibility b) Compute the coefficient of volume compressibility for the pressure range Stated above. ©) Given the coefficient of consolidation Cy = 0.003 cm/sec., determine the hydraulic conductivity (K) in cm/sec corresponding to the average void ratio, A square footing having a dime 3m. x3 m. carries an axial load of eon fi The bottom of the footing is 2 mg, 10 ky ground surface consisting of a jayes(0 be overlying a 4 m. layer of clay. The ya” até is located 2 m. below the ground ar tae Dry unit weight of sand = 16.5 kNim3 Saturated unit weight of clay is = 20 kind Void ratio of clay = 0.80 Liquid limit of clay = 50% a) Compute the increase in the vera pressure. 7 b) Compute the overburden pressure 4 midpoint of clay. io sai c) Compute the primary consol settlement.> poBLEMs for EXERCISES pl iyen soil profile shown, the ground “pected to a uniform increase in et esse SP = 10, Tim?, Dry Unit veal sand is 1.77 Tim and a saturated weit ri of 205 Tim®, The 10m. layer of utter a 3m. layer of clay which has a 3 te, a water content of 42% with sane we 76. Ground water table is located a an. below the ground surface. suf AP=10 Tim? Compute the effective unit weight of clay. Compute the overburden pressure at the mid point of the clay. Compute the primary consolidation setlement. A 10 ft x 10 ft. footing carries a total load of 280 tons is shown on the figure. Standard Penetration tests were conducted on the site. Test results were corrected for over burden pressure and the corrected N-values are listed as shown. Depth (ft) Corrected N-values 5.0 a 75 36 10.0 30 125 2B 15.0 35 75 33 20.0 31 f° tons es 10° 10" . a) Compute the lowest average corrected Nevalue for design, b) Compute the max. expected settlement for this footing in inches. ©) Compute the max. expected settlement for this footing if the ground water table is located 7 ft. below the ground level. Dry unit weight is 124 pof., assume saturated unit weight of sand is 124 pe.The construction of a 24 m. diamet a weight of 86.4 kPa is proposed on site where the soil profile consists of a 6 m. layer 0 saturated stiff clay supported on bedrock and overlain by a 9 m. layer of medium-dense sand. The ground water level is 3 m. below the ground surface. The sand has a unit weight of 17.6 kNim® and a saturated unit weight 20.4 kNim3. The stiff clay is normally consolidated and has the following characteristics. Saturated unit weight of 18.10 kNim3, Water content of 44%, unconfined compressive strength of 136 kPa. Specific gravity of 2.78, plasticity index of 25% and a plastic limit of 20%. Calculated vertical stress increase at the center of the clay layer 12m. below the ground surface is 56 kPa. fer tank with a) Compute the compressive index Cy, b) Compute the preconsolidation pressure at center of clay layer. c) Compute the settlement under the center of ite ay due to consolidation of the 6 m, layer of clay resulting from thi of the tank. % 2wea ‘Asquare footing 8 ft. x 8 ft located 5 f bey ground level is to be constructed on gq, Standard penetration tests were conducteg the site. Test results were correcteg A overburden pressures, and the lowest avera or corrected N-value was determined to be 44 a) Determine the allowable soil pressure for a maximum settlement of 1 in if ground water was not encountered. b) Ifthe ground water table is located 6 ft. below the ground level and the unit weight of sand is 128 Ibyft? and saturated unit weight is 128 Ib/ft®, compute the correction to be applied to the settlement when the ground water table is located a depth below the base of the footing less than half the footing's width where the correction is equal to the ratio of effective overburden pressure at depth B/2 below the footing's base, assuming thatthe ground water table isnot pres” to the effective overburden pressu’e al the same depth with the ground W@ lef table present. ©) Determine the allowable sol pressu® a maximum setiement of # in. it ground water table is 6 ft, below '"" ievel and the sands unit weight "2° If both cry and saturated unit weal __@e coM eat 393 pRESSIBILITY OF SOIL a a [58.17mm. | a 1.081 x 103 m2/kN a b154mm. |b | 123x105 m/min b ¢ | 73.57mm. | | 131x107 m/min, | € | a0 = ' 3 a 1.4x 103 m2/k 72.88 kPa Sie > Rk - g q 0.82 T/m3 b 5.224 x 10° m2/kN © | 1.537 x 107 cm/sec. 53.38 IPs 14.61 T/m2). b 0.315 | 141.21 kPa, 5.44 tons/ft2

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