Environmental Product

Declaration
According to ISO 14025

Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation (HFC)

Issue Date: 10-29-2018

Valid Until: 10-29-2023

Use of this EPD is limited to SPFA members. Declaration Number: EPD-087

Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States.
 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Declaration Information
Declaration
Program Operator: ASTM International

Company: Spray Polyurethane Foam Association (SPFA)

www.astm.org www.sprayfoam.org

Product Information Validity / Applicability

Product Name: Spray polyurethane foam insulation (HFC)
Period of Validity: This declaration is valid for a
Product Definition: Two-component polyurethane mixture period of 5 years from the date of publication
insulation spray applied at installation site.
Geographic Scope: This declaration is valid for
Declaration Type: Business to business foam produced and sold in the United States and
Canada.
PCR Reference: PCR Review was conducted by:
• ISO 21930 (ISO, 2017) • Part A – UL Technical Advisory Panel
• Part A: Product Category Rules for Building Related • Part B – Thomas Gloria, PhD (chair)
Products and Services (UL Environment, 2018)
• Part B: Building Envelope Thermal Insulation EPD
Requirements (UL Environment, 2018)

Product Application and / or Characteristics

This declaration covers spray polyurethane foam insulation used in buildings and construction.

Technical Drawing or Product Visual Content of the Declaration

•Product definition and physical building-related
data
•Details of raw materials and material origin
•Description of how the product is manufactured
•Data on usage condition, other effects and end-of-
life phase
•Life Cycle Assessment results

Verification
Independent verification of the declaration and data,
 internal x external
according to ISO 21930:2017 and ISO 14025:2006:
This declaration and the rules on which this EPD is based have been examined by an independent
verifier in accordance with ISO 14025.

Name: Timothy S. Brooke Date: 10/29/2018 Name: Thomas Gloria, Ph.D. Date: 10/29/2018
ASTM International 100 Industrial Ecology Consultants
Barr Harbor Dr. West info@industrial-ecology.com
Conshohocken, PA 19428
cert@astm.org
2 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087
 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

EPD Summary
This document is a Type III environmental product declaration by Spray Polyurethane Foam Association (SPFA)
that is certified by ASTM International (ASTM) as conforming to the requirements of ISO 21930 and ISO 14025.
ASTM has assessed that the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) information fulfills the requirements of ISO 14040 in
accordance with the instructions listed in the referenced product category rules. The intent of this document is to
further the development of environmentally compatible and sustainable construction methods by providing
comprehensive environmental information related to potential impacts in accordance with international standards.
No comparisons or benchmarking is included in this EPD. Environmental declarations from different programs
based upon differing PCRs may not be comparable. Comparison of the environmental performance of
construction works and construction products using EPD information shall be based on the product’s use and
impacts at the construction works level. In general, EPDs may not be used for comparability purposes when not
considered in a construction works context. Given this PCR ensures products meet the same functional
requirements, comparability is permissible provided the information given for such comparison is transparent and
the limitations of comparability explained. When comparing EPDs created using this PCR, variations and
deviations are possible. Example of variations: Different LCA software and background LCI datasets may lead to
different results for upstream or downstream of the life cycle stages declared.

Scope and Boundaries of the Life Cycle Assessment

The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed according to ISO 14040 (ISO, 2006) and ISO 14044 (ISO,
2006) following the requirements of the ASTM EPD Program Instructions and referenced PCR.

System Boundary: Cradle-to-grave

Allocation Method: Cut-off approach
Declared Unit: 1 m² of installed insulation material with a thickness that gives an average thermal resistance
RSI=1 m2·K/W

Additional Information
All types of spray polyurethane foam provide insulation (R-value) and air sealing (air-impermeable) when installed
at normal thickness in a building enclosure. Additionally, closed-cell and roofing SPF products can serve as a
vapor retarder (moisture impermeable), are water resistant for below-grade applications1 and meet the FEMA
Class 5 requirements2 for flood-damage resistant insulation materials for floors and walls, and can improve the
structural integrity of many building assemblies. The high R-value per inch of closed-cell SPF insulation can also
reduce assembly thickness and framing materials. These factors should be considered when comparing SPF to
similar products.

1
According to the ASTM C1029 material standard specification, all closed-cell SPF must have a maximum water absorption limit of 5.0% per
ASTM D2842. Several Type I and II medium density closed-cell foams have been tested for water absorption per ASTM C1763 Method C
(ASTM C272) and have water absorption rates ranging from 0,21 to 0.38%. Many of these products tested meet the 0.3% water absorption
maximum per ASTM C272 prescribed for below-grade exterior insulations per ASHRAE 90.1.
2
“Flood Damage-Resistant Materials Requirements”, FEMA Technical Bulletin 2, 2008, Table 2.
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 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

1 Organization, Product, and Product Category

Descriptions
1.1 | DESCRIPTION OF COMPANY/ORGANIZATION
Founded in 1987 originally as the Polyurethane Foam Contractors Division, the Spray Polyurethane Foam
Alliance (SPFA) is the collective voice, along with the educational and technical resource, for the spray
polyurethane foam industry. Our experienced staff and member-comprised committees provide a wide variety of
services to the industry.
SPFA develops tools designed to educate and influence the construction industry with the positive benefits of
spray polyurethane foam roofing, insulation, coatings, and specialty installations.
This project was funded by contributions from sixteen SPFA supplier member companies in the SPF industry.
Twelve of these sponsors produce or formulate spray foam systems throughout the US and Canada. SPF
producers that contributed to this declaration are featured below. In addition, the other four sponsors produce
chemical components used in the formulation of SPF products or equipment used to mix and install SPF on the
jobsite.

SPF Formulator Sponsors:

SPF Chemical and Equipment Supplier Sponsors:

4 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

1.2 | DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITION OF PRODUCTS

Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) is made on the jobsite by combining polymeric methylene-diphenyl diisocyanate
(pMDI/MDI or A-side) with an equal volume of a polyol blend (B-side). Sides A and B react and expand at the
point of application in the building envelope to form polyurethane foam. The formed-in-place SPF provides both
thermal insulation and air sealing to the building.

Figure 1: Visual of high pressure (left) and low pressure (right) products under study
Four classes of SPF with varying performances and applications are assessed in this declaration. Closed-cell
spray foam for roofing systems (Roofing) is used on the external surface of low slope roofs. Its higher density
provides additional compressive strength needed for roofing applications. Two-component, low pressure foam
(2K-LP) is a closed-cell product that provides air sealing, insulation, and sound dampening properties. Closed-
cell, or medium density foam, (ccSPF) provides a water-resistant insulation, air-sealing, water vapor control and
delivers added structural performance to the building envelope. Open-cell low-density spray foam (ocSPF)
provides insulation and air sealing.
SPF can be further categorized based on the type of blowing agent utilized in the product. OcSPF uses a reactive
blowing agent, water. Added water in the B-side reacts with A-side isocyanates to create CO2 gas. CcSPF, 2K-
LP, and roofing foams use physical blowing agents that transform into a gas during installation due to the
exothermic foam reaction that occurs. These physical blowing agents are either hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) or
hydrofluoroolefins (HFO). Please note that this declaration only covers HFC formulations for ccSPF, 2K-LP, and
roofing products, as well as reactive (water) blowing agent ocSPF. A complete list of all SPF manufacturers and
product covered by this declaration is provided in the Appendix.
SPF products are commonly used in residential, light commercial, commercial, institutional, and certain industrial
applications. Typical SPF properties are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Typical SPF properties

NAME ROOFING 2K-LP CLOSED CELL OPEN CELL
Density [lb / ft3] 2.5 to 4.0 1.8 to 2.0 1.5 to 2.4 0.5 to 0.7
Thermal resistivity [R / in] 6.2 to 6.8 6.1 to 6.2 6.2 to 7.0 3.6 to 4.5
Air impermeable material    
Integral vapor retarder  

Water resistant  

Cavity insulation    
Continuous insulation    
Low-slope roofing 
Structural improvement  

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 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Figure 2. Flow diagram of SPF life cycle

1.3 | PRODUCT USE AND APPLICATION

The EPD is intended to represent an industry average for SPF. The average is calculated based on a typical
formulation for each product, combined with production data collected from each member’s facility, and weighted
according to the mass produced by each member (i.e. vertical averaging). The formulators participating in this
study represent a significant majority of the US SPF production.
Open cell and 2K-LP products are applied to the interior side of the building envelope as an insulation and air-
sealing material. They are used to insulate under roof decks, on attic floors, above-grade walls, and below floors.
Closed cell is applied to the interior or exterior side of the building envelope and can be used in the same
applications as open cell. Due to its water resistance, it can also be used on below grade walls and under slabs.
Roofing SPF is applied to the exterior surface of low-slope roofs. A variety of polymeric coatings are used over
Roofing SPF to provide protection against ultraviolet light and mechanical abrasion.

1.4 | TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

All SPF products must meet numerous peformance requirments to comply with building codes. The details of
these requirements are described in specific tests listed in consensus standards for material performance and
code compliance. A summary of these consensus standards is provided in Table 2 below:

Table 2: Summary of Technical Standards for SPF in Construction

Standard Type ROOFING 2K-LP CLOSED CELL OPEN CELL

ASTM C1029
ASTM C1029
ASTM Type III and IV or ASTM WK30150
Type I and II
ASTM D7425
CAN/ULC S705.1 S712.1
ICC-ES AC-377
ICC Building Code Compliance
ICC-1100 20xx

ASTM Standards
• C1029-15 Standard Specification for Spray-Applied Rigid Cellular Polyurethane Thermal Insulation
• D7425-13 Standard Specification for Spray Polyurethane Foam Used for Roofing Applications
• WK30150 (under development) Standard Specification for Spray-Applied Open Cellular Polyurethane Thermal
Insulation
UL Canada Standards
• S705.1 Standard for Thermal Insulation – Spray Applied Rigid Polyurethane Foam, Medium Density
• S712.1 Standard for Thermal Insulation - Light Density, Open Cell Spray Applied Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foam
International Code Council Standards
• ICC-ES AC-377 Acceptance Criteria for Spray-Applied Foam Plastic Insulation
• ICC-1100-20xx Standard for Spray-applied Polyurethane Foam Plastic Insulation

6 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Typical material performance requirements per ICC-1100 are provided in Table 3 below. 2K-LP foam products
typically are closed-cell, and have same requirements as medium density, closed-cell SPF.

Table 3: Summary of Typical Material Performance Requirements for SPF in Construction

CLOSED
Standard Type ROOFING 2K-LP OPEN CELL
CELL
As reported As reported As reported
Thermal Performance (R- ASTM C518,
(typ RIP6.0-7.0/inch / (typ RIP6.0-7.0/inch / (typ RIP3.6-4.3/inch /
value) C177 or C1363
4.2-4.8/100 mm) 4.2-4.8/100 mm) 2.5-3.0/100mm)
Surface Burning ASTM E84 or Flame spread index ≤ 75 Flame spread index ≤ 75
Flame spread index ≤ 75
Characteristics UL723 Smoke developed ≤ 450 Smoke developed ≤ 450
As reported As reported As reported
Core Density ASTM D1622 (typ 2.5-4.0 pcf / (typ 1.5-2.5 pcf / (typ 0.4-1.5 pcf /
40-64 kg/m3) 24-40 kg/m3) 6.4-24 kg/m3)
ASTM D2856 or
Closed-Cell Content ASTM D6226
>90% >90% NR

Tensile Strength ASTM D1623 40 psi min (276 kPa) 15 psi min (103 kPa) 3 psi min (21 kPa)
Compressive Strength ASTM D1623 40 psi min (276 kPa) 15 psi min (103 kPa) NR
Dimensional Stability ASTM D2126 15% max change 15% max change 15% max change
As reported As reported
ASTM E96
Water Vapor Permeance (typ 1 US perm @ 2” thk / (typ 1 US perm @ 2” thk / NR
(dry cup)
0.66 SI perm @ 51 mm) 0.66 SI perm @ 51 mm)
As reported As reported As reported
ASTM D E283
Air Permeance (typ imperm @ 1.5” thk / (typ imperm @ 1.5” thk / (typ imperm @ 3-5” thk /
or D2178
38 mm) 38 mm) 76-127 mm)
Water Absorption ASTM D2842 5% max <5% max NR

1.5 | PROPERTIES OF DECLARED PRODUCT AS DELIVERED

The two chemicals required to produce SPF are delivered to the job site in separate containers. On the job site,
these chemicals are mixed in equal volume proportions to create SPF.

1.6 | MATERIAL CONTENT

The A-side of SPF is made from a blend of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The B-side is a
mixture of polyester and polyether polyols, flame retardants, blowing agents, catalysts, and other additives that,
when mixed with A-side, creates foam that can be applied for insulation. As the precise formulation of the B-side
will vary with each company producing SPF chemicals, this study uses generic formulations. A total of seven
generic formulations were developed by stakeholders from SPFA and the American Chemistry Council's Center
for the Polyurethanes Industry (CPI). The compositions of the 2K-LP, open-cell SPF and closed-cell foams are
functional formulations used by CPI to develop emissions and air-sampling protocols and are representative of
individual industry formulations. The roofing formulation is not a functional foam but was developed by SPFA in
2012 based on a consensus process with several foam manufacturers.
It should be noted that the generic open-cell SPF and the closed-cell SPF generic formulations have been
produced in limited quantities and installed as part of ACC-CPI’s emissions and worker exposure studies from
2011 to present. Since one half of the formulation by volume is MDI (A-side), the table focuses on the other multi-
component half (B-side) for four representative formulations from SPFA members. The B-side formulations each
have their own distinctive characteristics, lending themselves to unique applications.
While some of the ingredients may be classified as hazardous, per the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), Subtitle 3, the product as installed and ultimately disposed of is not classified as a hazardous substance,
as hazardous ingredients are rendered chemically inert after installation.

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 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Table 4. Generic HFC B-side formulations

2K- CLOSED
CHEMICAL (% COMPOSITION) ROOFING OPEN CELL
LP CELL
Polyester 35 23 36 -
Polyether - 23 34 34
Polyol
Mannich 45 - - -
Compatibilizer - - - 12
Fire
TCPP 8 30 16 25
Retardant
Reactive (H2O) 2 - 3 20
Blowing
HFC-245fa 7 - 7 -
Agent
HFC-134a3 - 17 - -
Catalyst, amine 2 5 4 8
Catalyst Catalyst, metal - - - -
Catalyst, aggregate - - - -
Surfactant Silicone 1 2 1 1

2 Life Cycle Stages

2.1 | PRODUCTION
A significant majority the A-side of SPF is manufactured by four U.S. based chemical manufacturing companies
with processing facilities located in Texas and Louisiana. The B-side formulation is made by several formulators
or systems houses located throughout the U.S. and Canada. Most of the primary chemicals used in the B-side
formulation are processed in facilities in Texas, Louisiana and Virginia.
During the B-side production process, materials are blended together in tanks and packaged. The B-side blending
process utilizes internal scrap from a manufacturer’s own operations. Additionally, many facilities utilize
technology to minimize the release of gaseous material inputs, such as blowing agents, during material transfer
and processing. Waste materials are typically reintegrated into the formulation without additional collection,
transport, or processing.

2.2 | PRODUCT INSTALLATION

High-Pressure SPF
High-pressure SPF, including open-cell low-density, closed-cell medium density and roofing SPF, is installed by
professional applicators by on-site mixing of the A-side and B-side chemicals.

3
Some 2l-LP foam products may use HFC-245fa and/or HFC-134a blowing agents. HFC-134fa, with a higher GWP impact than HFC-245fa,
was assumed for the generic product in this study.
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 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

PROPORTIONER
COLOR KEY
1 18 17 Nitrogen/Dry Air System
Hydraulic Drive System
Pump Lubrication System
19 20 Isocyanate (A-side) Material
Resin (B-side) Material
24 21
4 22 11
3 10

9
5 23 12
A B

2 8

6 13

7 14

16
15

1. Nitrogen/Dry Air System 9. Resin Drum Mixer 17. Electric Motor

2. Isocyanate Drum/Tote 10. Resin Transfer Pump 18. Hydraulic Pump
3. Isocyanate Transfer Pump 11. Resin Filter 19. Hydraulic Fluid Reservoir
4. Isocyanate Filter 12. Resin Proportioning Pump 20. Hydraulic Pressure Gauge
5. Isocyanate Proportioning Pump 13. Resin Primary Heater 21. Hydraulic Directional Valve
6. Isocyanate Primary Heater 14. Resin Output Pressure Gauge 22. hydraulic Directional Switch
7. Isocyanate Output Pressure Gauge 15. Dual Heated Hose 23. Hydraulic Cylinder
8. Resin Drum/Tote 16. Spray Gun 24. Pump Lube System

Figure 3. Schematic of a High-Pressure SPF system

Installation includes insulation of the walls, floors and ceilings of entire buildings, or application as an insulated
low-slope roofing system. These chemicals are delivered to the jobsite in unpressurized containers (usually 55-
gallon / 208 L drums) and heated to approximately 120-130 °F (49-54 °C) and pressurized to about 1000 psi
(6,895 kPa) by specialized equipment. The chemicals are transferred by a heated hose and aerosolized by a
spray gun and combined by impingement mixing at the point of application. Personal protective equipment such
as goggles, protective suits, and respirator cartridges is required to protect applicators from chemical exposure
during installation. Also needed are disposable materials such as masking tape and drop cloths. The schematic in
Figure 3 shows the typical equipment components used to produce high-pressure SPF foam, including
unpressurized A-side and B-side liquid drums with transfer pumps, which are connected to the proportioner
system for heating and pressurizing the chemicals, and then through a heated hose connected to a spray gun for
application.
After the foam cures and expands, any excess that may prevent installation of the interior cladding is cut off and
discarded. For SPF with physical blowing agents, this study assumes 10% of the installed blowing agent is
released to surrounding air during the installation phase. Discarded foam from installation also experiences
blowing agent release while in landfill. Disposal of packaging materials is modeled in accordance to the
assumptions outlined in Part A of the PCR (UL Environment, 2018). All ancillary installation materials are
assumed to be sent to landfill.

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 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Low-Pressure SPF
Low-pressure SPF, which is most typically a closed-cell medium density, is installed by professional applicators
and weatherization contractors by on-site mixing of the A-side and B-side chemicals. Installation includes
insulation of the walls, floors and ceilings of smaller buildings or assemblies, or for air sealing of cracks, gaps and
penetrations. These A and B-side chemicals are delivered to the jobsite in pressurized tanks or cylinders. The
tanks are connected to unheated dispensing hoses to a gun for application. The system is used at room
temperature and requires no other propellant or pump as the tanks are pressurized at the factory to about 250 psi
(1,724 kPa)4. Application of this product is considered a “low pressure” spray foam process, which uses static
mixing of liquid chemicals at the gun tip. This process does not aerosolize the chemicals. Personal protective
equipment such as goggles, protective suits, and respirator cartridges may be required to protect applicators from
chemical exposure during installation. Also needed are disposable materials such as masking tape and drop
cloths.

9 10

8
7

3 6
1. Isocyanate Cylinder (A-side)
2. Isocyanate Propellant/Blowing Agent (~250 psi)
2 5 3. Isocyanate Valve
4. Resin Cylinder (B-side)
A B
5. Resin Propellant/Blowing Agent (~250 psi)
6. Resin Valve
1 4 7. Unheated Hoses
8. Applicator Gun
9. Static Mixing Nozzle (disposable)
10. Froth Foam

Figure 4. Schematic of a Low-Pressure SPF system

The schematic in Figure 3 shows a typical low-pressure foam insulation and sealant system, including A-side and
B-side cylinders, which are connected to the hose assembly with static mixing nozzle for combining the
chemicals.

2.3 | PACKAGING
High-Pressure SPF
High-pressure SPF chemicals are packaged in unpressurized containers of varying types, most commonly in 55-
gallon (208 L) steel or plastic drums and in some cases, plastic totes. Since each member company utilizes
different package types and sizes, packaging data were aggregated by type (i.e. steel or plastic) and function (i.e.
A-side or B-side). Finished packaged products are loaded onto pallets, where additional shipping materials, such
as strapping, cardboard, and plastic wrap, are applied. In this study, it is assumed that the empty chemical
containers are properly cleaned and taken to a drum recycler.
Low-Pressure SPF
Low-pressure SPF chemicals are packaged as a matched set of pressurized steel cylinders in a wide range of
sizes. Smaller cylinders are typically recycled when empty, but larger cylinders are returned to the manufacturer
for refilling. In this study, various sizes of recycled cylinders were assumed.

4
There are some larger low-pressure systems that heat the chemicals and add supplementary nitrogen propellant but are not included in the
scope of this LCA/EPD.
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 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

2.4 | TRANSPORTATION
Final products are distributed via container truck and refrigerated truck, either directly to customers, or first to
warehouse, prior to being sent to customers. Table 5 details distribution assumptions for finished SPF products.

2.5 | USE
As this study only looks at the life cycle of spray foam insulation, and not the building, the use phase only contains
the emissions of any chemicals off-gassed from the foam. This study assumes 24% of the original chemical
blowing agent is off-gassed over a 75-year lifetime (Honeywell International).

2.6 | REFERENCE SERVICE LIFE AND ESTIMATED BUILDING SERVICE LIFE

The reference service life (RSL) for SPF is the life of the building or 75 years. Additional information is provided in
Table 7.

2.7 | REUSE, RECYCLING, AND ENERGY RECOVERY

SPF is typically not reused or recycled following its removal from a building. Thus, reuse, recycling, and energy
recovery are not applicable for this product.

2.8 | DISPOSAL
When the building is decommissioned, it is assumed that only manual labor is involved to remove the foam.
Wastes are assumed to be transported 30 miles (48 km) to the disposal site. The spray foam is assumed to be
landfilled at end-of-life, as is typical for construction and demolition waste in the US. This study assumes 16% of
the original physical blowing agent is emitted at this stage in the life cycle. It is further assumed the spray foam is
inert in the landfill and 50% of the blowing agent remains in the product after disposal (Kjeldsen & Jensen, 2001).

3 Life Cycle Assessment Background Information

3.1 | FUNCTIONAL UNIT
The product function is providing insulation to buildings. Accordingly, the functional unit for the study is 1 m² of
installed insulation material with a thickness that gives an average thermal resistance of RSI=1m2·K/W (In imperial
units, RSI=1 is equivalent to R = 5.68 h·ft²·°F/Btu) with a building service life of 75 years (packaging included).

3.2 | SYSTEM BOUNDARY

The study uses a cradle-to-grave system boundary. As such, it includes upstream processing and production of
materials and energy resources needed for the production of SPF, transport of materials (all chemical inputs for
production and packaging) to SPF formulation sites, formulation of SPF components, transport of the components
to the installation site, installation of insulation, removal and transport of insulation to disposal site, and end-of-life-
disposal. Building energy savings from the use of insulation are excluded from this analysis.

3.3 | ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS

SPF is created by mixing equal volumes of two batches of chemicals, commonly referred to as A-side and B-side.
“A-side” is the industry term for the isocyanate component of foam; in this case polymeric methylene diphenyl
diisocyanate (MDI).
With SPF, “B-side” is a mixture of polyols, fire retardants, blowing agents, catalysts, and other additives that,
when mixed with “A-side,” creates foam used for insulation. The formulations of these B-side mixtures for each
company are proprietary. However, the main ingredients do not vary significantly, so generic formulations are
used to represent the B-side products evaluated in this study.
The material and energy inputs and outputs were modeled according to data provided by the representative site,
while the electricity grid and natural gas mix were chosen based on the locations of each manufacturer’s
production facilities. Further granularity of raw material and waste data for additional locations may alter the
results of this study.
When possible, energy consumption data on B-side production were collected via sub-metering. However, when
not feasible, energy consumption was allocated to the spray polyurethane foam productions by mass.
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 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Lastly, this study assumes 50% of blowing agent consumed in the production of the formulation is eventually
emitted, with 10% released during installation, 24% released during lifetime in building, and 16% released during
end-of-life. The remaining 50% remains in the product (Honeywell International) (Kjeldsen & Jensen, 2001).

3.4 | CUT-OFF CRITERIA

The cut-off criteria for including or excluding materials, energy and emissions data of the study are as follows:
– Mass – If a flow is less than 1% of the cumulative mass of the model it may be excluded, providing its
environmental relevance is not a concern.
– Energy – If a flow is less than 1% of the cumulative energy of the model it may be excluded, providing its
environmental relevance is not a concern.
– Environmental relevance – If a flow meets the above criteria for exclusion yet is thought to potentially
have a significant environmental impact, it was included. Material flows which leave the system
(emissions) and whose environmental impact is greater than 1% of the total of an impact category that
has been considered in the assessment must be covered. This judgment was made based on experience
and documented as necessary.
Packaging of incoming raw materials (e.g. pallets, totes, super-sacks) are excluded as they represent less than
1% of the product mass and are not environmentally relevant. Capital goods and infrastructure required to
produce and install SPF (e.g. batch mixers, spraying equipment) are presumed to produce millions of units over
the course of their life, so impact of a single functional unit attributed to these equipment is negligible; therefore,
capital goods and infrastructure were excluded from this study. No known flows are deliberately excluded from
this EPD.

3.5 | DATA SOURCES

The LCA model was created using the GaBi ts Software system for life cycle engineering, developed by thinkstep
AG. The GaBi 2018 LCI database provides the life cycle inventory data for several of the raw and process
materials obtained from the background system.

3.6 | DATA QUALITY

A variety of tests and checks were performed by the LCA practitioner throughout the project to ensure high quality
of the completed LCA. Checks included an extensive review of project-specific LCA models as well as the
background data used.
Temporal coverage
The data are intended to represent spray polyurethane foam production during the 2016 calendar year. As such,
each participating SPFA member company provided primary data for 12 consecutive months during the 2016
calendar year. These data were then used to calculate average production values for each company.
Geographical coverage
This background LCA represents SPFA members’ products produced in the United States and Canada. Primary
data are representative of these countries. Regionally specific datasets were used to represent each
manufacturing location’s energy consumption. Proxy datasets were used as needed for raw material inputs to
address lack of data for a specific material or for a specific geographical region. These proxy datasets were
chosen for their technological representativeness of the actual materials.
Technological coverage
Data on material composition were developed by a sponsor task group consisting of SPFA and CPI stakeholders
to represent the seven products under study. Manufacturing data were collected directly from SPFA members.
Waste, emissions, and energy use are calculated from reported annual production during the reference year from
SPFA member companies.

3.7 | PERIOD UNDER REVIEW

Primary data collected represent production during the 2016 calendar year. This analysis is intended to represent
production in 2016.

12 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

3.8 | ALLOCATION
Multi-output allocation generally follows the requirements of ISO 14044, section 4.3.4.2. When allocation
becomes necessary during the data collection phase, the allocation rule most suitable for the respective process
step was applied.
The cut-off allocation approach is adopted in the case of any post-consumer and post-industrial recycled content,
which is assumed to enter the system burden-free. Only environmental impacts from the point of recovery and
forward (e.g., inbound transports, grinding, processing, etc.) are considered.

4 Life Cycle Assessment Scenarios

Table 5. Transport to the building site (A4) – HFC and HFO products
NAME UNIT ROOFING 2K-LP CLOSED CELL OPEN CELL
Fuel type Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel
Fuel economy, outbound transport
l/100km 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.3
(large truck, medium truck, refrigerated truck)
Fuel economy, jobsite transport (light truck) l/100km 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6
Outbound distance km 1683 1683 1683 1683
Jobsite distance km 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41
Capacity utilization (including empty runs, mass based % 69 69 69 69
Weight of products transported (if gross density not
kg 1.39 0.845 1.06 0.436
reported)

Table 6. Installation into the building (A5) – HFC and HFO products
NAME UNIT ROOFING 2K-LP CLOSED CELL OPEN CELL
Ancillary materials kg 0.00576 0.00349 0.00436 0.0018
Net freshwater consumption specified by water source and
m3 - - - -
fate (amount evaporated, amount disposed to sewer)
Other resources kg - - - -
Electricity consumption kWh 0.0734 0.0445 0.0556 0.023
Diesel for construction equipment MJ 4.86 2.94 3.68 1.52
Product loss per functional unit kg 0.0453 0.0275 0.0343 0.0142
Waste materials at the construction site before waste
kg 0.0511 0.0310 0.0387 0.0160
processing, generated by product installation
Output materials resulting from on-site waste processing
(specified by route; e.g. for recycling, energy recovery kg - - - -
and/or disposal)
Biogenic carbon contained in
kg CO2 0.0138 0.00837 0.0105 0.00432
packaging
Direct emissions to ambient air, soil and water kg 0.371 0.229 0.281 0.115
VOC content μg/m3 - - - -

Table 7. Reference Service Life

NAME VALUE UNIT
RSL 75 Years
1 m2
Declared product properties (at the gate) and finishes, etc.
1 RSI

Table 8. End of life (C1-C4)

NAME UNIT ROOFING 2K-LP CLOSED CELL OPEN CELL

Collected as mixed construction waste kg 1.23 0.745 0.932 0.385
Landfill kg 1.23 0.745 0.932 0.385

13 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Table 9. Reuse, recovery and/or recycling potentials (D), relevant scenario information

NAME UNIT ROOFING 2K-LP CLOSED CELL OPEN CELL

Net energy benefit from steam recovery from waste treatment MJ 3.03E-03 1.83E-03 2.29E-03 2.29E-03
declared as exported energy in D

Net energy benefit from electricity recovery from waste MJ 3.10 E-03 1.88 E-03 2.35 E-03 9.72 E-04
treatment declared as exported energy in D

5 Life Cycle Assessment Results

As this is a cradle-to-grave declaration, all modules are declared, as seen in Table 10. However, modules B2 to
B7, C1, and C3 do not contribute to impact and are therefore declared as zero. In the interest of concision, the
following tables in this section do not include the modules.

Table 10. Description of the system boundary modules

BENEFITS
CONSTRUC- AND
TION LOADS
PRODUCT STAGE USE STAGE END OF LIFE STAGE BEYOND
PROCESS
THE
STAGE
SYSTEM
BOUNDARY
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
Assembly/Install

Building Operational

Building Operational
Energy Use During
Refurbishment

Water Use During

Manufacturing

Deconstruction
Replacement
Transport from

Maintenance
Raw material

processing
Transport
gate to site
Transport

Recovery,
Product Use

Product Use

Recycling
Disposal

Potential
Repair

Reuse,
Waste
supply

Use

Cradle-to-grave x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

5.1 LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT RESULTS

North American LCIA results are declared using TRACI 2.1 methodology. Note that the IPCC AR5 GWP (IPCC,
2006) results are also presented as they are more current than the TRACI 2.1 GWP results and represent
accurate values for the GWP of the blowing agents. The TRACI 2.1 methodology refers to an earlier version of
the IPCC report.

Table 11. Roofing, HFC results

TRACI V2.1 A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
GWP 100 [kg CO2 eq] 3.83E+00 1.62E-01 5.10E+00 1.04E+01 4.49E-03 6.96E+00 -2.33E-04
GWP 100, IPCC AR5 [kg 3.88E+00 1.62E-01 4.35E+00 8.63E+00 4.50E-03 5.81E+00 -2.33E-04
CO2 eq]
ODP [kg CFC-11 eq] 8.88E-08 4.65E-15 3.63E-13 - 1.30E-16 9.95E-15 -7.44E-16
AP [kg SO2 eq] 1.22E-02 7.25E-04 4.64E-03 - 2.02E-05 2.50E-04 -1.36E-06
EP [kg N eq] 9.65E-04 6.01E-05 3.44E-04 - 1.68E-06 1.27E-05 -5.19E-08
POCP [kg O3 eq] 1.82E-01 2.39E-02 1.53E-01 7.56E-06 6.68E-04 4.97E-03 -6.01E-06
ADPfossil [MJ, LHV] 1.00E+01 3.18E-01 1.11E+00 - 8.89E-03 1.08E-01 2.98E-04

14 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Table 12. 2K-LP, HFC results

TRACI V2.1 A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D

GWP 100 [kg CO2 eq] 3.21E+00 9.80E-02 7.05E+00 1.52E+01 2.72E-03 1.02E+01 -1.41E-04
GWP 100, IPCC AR5 [kg
3.24E+00 9.83E-02 5.93E+00 1.27E+01 2.73E-03 8.50E+00 -1.41E-04
CO2 eq]
ODP [kg CFC-11 eq] 5.37E-08 2.82E-15 2.20E-13 - 7.87E-17 6.03E-15 -4.51E-16
AP [kg SO2 eq] 1.03E-02 4.40E-04 2.81E-03 - 1.23E-05 1.52E-04 -8.24E-07
EP [kg N eq] 7.11E-04 3.64E-05 2.09E-04 - 1.02E-06 7.68E-06 -3.14E-08
POCP [kg O3 eq] 1.41E-01 1.45E-02 9.29E-02 1.11E-05 4.05E-04 3.01E-03 -3.64E-06
ADPfossil [MJ, LHV] 7.19E+00 1.93E-01 6.71E-01 - 5.39E-03 6.57E-02 1.80E-04

Table 13. Closed cell, HFC results

TRACI V2.1 A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
GWP 100 [kg CO2 eq] 3.31E+00 1.22E-01 3.82E+00 7.73E+00 3.40E-03 5.20E+00 -1.77E-04
GWP 100, IPCC AR5 [kg
3.35E+00 1.23E-01 3.25E+00 6.44E+00 3.41E-03 4.34E+00 -1.77E-04
CO2 eq]
ODP [kg CFC-11 eq] 6.71E-08 3.52E-15 2.75E-13 - 9.84E-17 7.54E-15 -5.63E-16
AP [kg SO2 eq] 9.87E-03 5.50E-04 3.51E-03 - 1.53E-05 1.89E-04 -1.03E-06
EP [kg N eq] 7.53E-04 4.55E-05 2.61E-04 - 1.27E-06 9.60E-06 -3.93E-08
POCP [kg O3 eq] 1.45E-01 1.81E-02 1.16E-01 5.65E-06 5.06E-04 3.76E-03 -4.55E-06
ADPfossil [MJ, LHV] 8.30E+00 2.41E-01 8.39E-01 - 6.74E-03 8.21E-02 2.26E-04

Table 14. Open cell results

TRACI V2.1 A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
GWP 100 [kg CO2 eq] 1.42E+00 5.06E-02 1.67E-01 - 1.41E-03 1.72E-02 -7.30E-05
GWP 100, IPCC AR5 [kg
1.44E+00 5.08E-02 1.69E-01 - 1.41E-03 1.74E-02 -7.30E-05
CO2 eq]
ODP [kg CFC-11 eq] 2.77E-08 1.46E-15 1.14E-13 - 4.07E-17 3.12E-15 -2.33E-16
AP [kg SO2 eq] 4.18E-03 2.27E-04 1.45E-03 - 6.34E-06 7.83E-05 -4.26E-07
EP [kg N eq] 2.85E-04 1.88E-05 1.08E-04 - 5.25E-07 3.97E-06 -1.62E-08
POCP [kg O3 eq] 6.05E-02 7.50E-03 4.79E-02 - 2.09E-04 1.55E-03 -1.88E-06
ADPfossil [MJ, LHV] 3.46E+00 9.97E-02 3.47E-01 - 2.78E-03 3.39E-02 9.33E-05

5.2 LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY RESULTS

Table 15. Resource Use, Roofing, HFC results
PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
RPRE [MJ, LHV] 2.36E+00 5.76E-02 2.85E-01 - 1.61E-03 6.12E-02 -1.02E-03
RPRM [MJ, LHV] 1.38E-01 - 2.78E-03 - - - -
NRPRE [MJ, LHV] 8.39E+01 2.38E+00 8.77E+00 - 6.65E-02 8.67E-01 -3.24E-03
NRPRM [MJ, LHV] 3.56E+01 - 9.73E-01 - - - -
SM [kg] - - - - - - -
RSF [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
NRSF [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
RE [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
FW [m3] 1.70E-02 2.84E-04 1.50E-03 - 7.92E-06 1.05E-04 -2.86E-06

15 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Table 16. Resource Use, 2K-LP, HFC results

PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
RPRE [MJ, LHV] 3.72E+00 3.49E-02 1.73E-01 - 9.76E-04 3.71E-02 -6.18E-04
RPRM [MJ, LHV] 8.38E-02 - 1.69E-03 - - - -
NRPRE [MJ, LHV] 6.36E+01 1.44E+00 5.31E+00 - 4.03E-02 5.25E-01 -1.96E-03
NRPRM [MJ, LHV] 1.67E+01 - 5.90E-01 - - - -
SM [kg] - - - - - - -
RSF [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
NRSF [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -

RE [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
FW [m3] 1.18E-02 1.72E-04 9.10E-04 - 4.80E-06 6.36E-05 -1.73E-06

Table 17. Resource Use, Closed cell, HFC results

PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
RPRE [MJ, LHV] 2.09E+00 4.37E-02 2.16E-01 - 1.22E-03 4.63E-02 -7.73E-04
RPRM [MJ, LHV] 1.05E-01 - 2.11E-03 - - - -
NRPRE [MJ, LHV] 6.95E+01 1.80E+00 6.64E+00 - 5.04E-02 6.56E-01 -2.46E-03
NRPRM [MJ, LHV] 2.46E+01 - 7.37E-01 - - - -
SM [kg] - - - - - - -
RSF [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
NRSF [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -

RE [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
FW [m3] 1.37E-02 2.15E-04 1.14E-03 - 6.00E-06 7.95E-05 -2.16E-06

Table 18. Resource Use, Open cell results

PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
RPRE [MJ, LHV] 9.42E-01 1.80E-02 8.93E-02 - 5.04E-04 1.91E-02 -3.20E-04
RPRM [MJ, LHV] 4.33E-02 - 8.72E-04 - - - -
NRPRE [MJ, LHV] 2.92E+01 7.46E-01 2.74E+00 - 2.08E-02 2.71E-01 -1.01E-03
NRPRM [MJ, LHV] 9.14E+00 - 3.05E-01 - - - -
SM [kg] - - - - - - -
RSF [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
NRSF [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
RE [MJ, LHV] - - - - - - -
FW [m3] 4.82E-03 8.88E-05 4.70E-04 - 2.48E-06 3.28E-05 -8.94E-07

Table 19. Output Flows and Waste Categories, Roofing, HFC results
PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
HWD [kg] 2.06E-06 1.86E-08 4.90E-08 - 5.20E-10 2.98E-09 -2.06E-12
NHWD [kg] 1.04E-01 8.60E-05 9.80E-02 - 2.40E-06 1.23E+00 -1.74E-06
HLRW [kg] 2.22E-06 5.08E-09 1.18E-07 - 1.42E-10 1.12E-08 -8.26E-10
ILLRW [kg] 2.66E-05 1.37E-07 3.24E-06 - 3.82E-09 2.67E-07 -2.28E-08
CRU [kg] - - - - - - -
MR [kg] - - 6.05E-02 - - - -
MER [kg] - - - - - - -

16 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
EE, Steam [MJ, LHV] 3.77E-04 - 2.65E-03 - - - -
EE, Electricity [MJ, LHV] 8.01E-04 - 2.30 E-03 - - - -

Table 20. Output Flows and Waste Categories, 2K-LP, HFC

PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
HWD [kg] 2.22E-07 1.13E-08 2.97E-08 - 3.15E-10 1.81E-09 -1.25E-12
NHWD [kg] 6.20E-02 5.21E-05 5.94E-02 - 1.46E-06 7.47E-01 -1.06E-06
HLRW [kg] 2.10E-06 3.08E-09 7.15E-08 - 8.60E-11 6.81E-09 -5.01E-10
ILLRW [kg] 3.38E-05 8.28E-08 1.96E-06 - 2.31E-09 1.62E-07 -1.38E-08
CRU [kg] - - - - - - -
MR [kg] - - 3.66E-02 - - - -
MER [kg] - - - - - - -
EE, Steam [MJ, LHV] 2.28E-04 - 1.61E-03 - - - -
EE, Electricity [MJ, LHV] 4.86E-04 - 1.40E-03 - - - -

Table 21. Output Flows and Waste Categories, Closed cell, HFC

PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
HWD [kg] 2.65E-07 1.41E-08 3.71E-08 - 3.94E-10 2.26E-09 -1.56E-12
NHWD [kg] 7.90E-02 6.52E-05 7.42E-02 - 1.82E-06 9.34E-01 -1.32E-06
HLRW [kg] 1.90E-06 3.85E-09 8.94E-08 - 1.08E-10 8.51E-09 -6.26E-10
ILLRW [kg] 2.57E-05 1.04E-07 2.45E-06 - 2.89E-09 2.03E-07 -1.73E-08
CRU [kg] - - - - - - -
MR [kg] - - 4.58E-02 - - - -
MER [kg] - - - - - - -
EE, Steam [MJ, LHV] 2.86E-04 - 2.01E-03 - - - -

EE, Electricity [MJ, LHV] 6.07E-04 - 1.74E-03 - - - -

Table 22. Output Flows and Waste Categories, Open cell results
PARAMETER A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 C2 C4 D
HWD [kg] 1.09E-07 5.83E-09 1.53E-08 - 1.63E-10 9.34E-10 -6.46E-13
NHWD [kg] 2.46E-02 2.69E-05 3.07E-02 - 7.53E-07 3.86E-01 -5.45E-07
HLRW [kg] 8.15E-07 1.59E-09 3.69E-08 - 4.45E-11 3.52E-09 -2.59E-10
ILLRW [kg] 1.13E-05 4.28E-08 1.01E-06 - 1.20E-09 8.37E-08 -7.14E-09
CRU [kg] - - - - - - -
MR [kg] - - 1.89E-02 - - - -
MER [kg] - - - - - - -
EE, Steam [MJ, LHV] 1.18E-04 - 8.30E-04 - - - -
EE, Electricity [MJ, LHV] 2.51E-04 - 7.21E-04 - - - -

17 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

6 LCA Interpretation
This study assumes 50% of blowing agent consumed in the production of the formulation is eventually emited,
with 10% released during installation, 24% released during lifetime in building, and 16% released during end-of-
life (Honeywell International) (Kjeldsen & Jensen, 2001). For HFC containing products, installation (A5), use (B1),
and disposal (C4) are the greatest contributors to the GWP category due the emissions of HFCs over the course
of its lifecycle. HFO formulations and open cell do not have pronounced GWP impacts across the life cycle due to
lower blowing agent GWP characterization factors.
In nearly all other impact categories, SPF environmental performance is driven primarily by raw materials (A1), in
particular polyols and TCPP due to their high mass contribution to the product. Installation tends to be the second
highest driver of impact due to the use of on-site diesel generator, as well as waste foam disposal.
Though some raw materials are transported thousands of miles, the inbound transportation module (A2) has a
modest contribution to overall impact. Other transportation modules representing transport to site (A4) and
transport to end-of-life (C2), have negligible contribution to life cycle results.

7 Additional Environmental Information

7.1 ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH DURING MANUFACTURING
Manufacturing of SPF formulations and upstream chemicals are performed in an industrial manufacturing facility.
Like many manufacturing processes, hazardous chemicals and manufacturing procedures may be employed.
These manufacturers follow all local, state and federal regulations regarding safe use and disposal of all
chemicals (US EPA), as well as safety requirements required of the generally manufacturing operation of
equipment and processes (US and State OSHA) and safe transport of all materials (US DOT)Environment and
Health During Installation
Installation of SPF involves potential exposure to certain hazardous chemicals that requires risk mitigation
through the use of personal protective equipment and on-site actions including ventilation and restricted access.
Of greatest concern is the potential exposure to airborne and liquid isocyanates during and immediately after
installation of SPF. Isocyanates are known chemical sensitizers and exposure can occur through contact with the
skin, eyes and respiratory system. Ventilation of the work zone, coupled with use of proper personal protective
equipment is required during and immediately after installation SPF. For more information on health and safety
during and immediately after SPF installation, please visit www.spraypolyurethane.org

7.2 EXTRAORDINARY EFFECTS

Fire
Spray polyurethane foam, like all foam plastics and many construction materials – including wood - is a
combustible material and will emit toxic gases including carbon monoxide during a fire. When used in buildings
and other construction applications, foam plastics employ flame retardants to control ignition the spread of fire
and development of smoke. In addition, foam plastics may need to be protected with fire-resistant coverings or
coatings when used in certain construction applications, as dictated by the building codes. All foam plastics
materials and assemblies should meet the fire test requirements of the applicable building codes.

Water
Closed-cell and roofing SPF products meet the FEMA Class 5 requirements 5 for flood-damage resistant insulation
materials for floors and walls.

5 “Flood Damage-Resistant Materials Requirements”, FEMA Technical Bulletin 2, 2008, Table 2.

18 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Mechanical Destruction
Should the assembly the SPF is installed in, i.e. the wall or roof, have to be replaced then the SPF will have to be
replaced as well.

7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES AND CERTIFICATIONS

Several SPF manufacturers have certified or tested their insulation products to various VOC standards to
measure emissions of volatile or semi-volatile compounds. These standards include:
– UL Environment GREENGUARD® Certification – The GREENGUARD® Certification Program specifies
strict certification criteria for VOC's and indoor air quality. This voluntary program helps consumers
identify products that have low chemical emissions for improved indoor air quality.
– California Department of Health Services – Also known as Section 01350, this small-chamber emissions
test standard is detailed under: Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from
Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers (CA/DHS/EHLB/Standard Method v1.1-
2010).
– Canadian ULC – Required for SPF insulation products, this standard provides a similar VOC emissions
test protocol specifically for SPF: CAN/ULC S774-09 Standard Laboratory Guide for the Determination of
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Polyurethane Foam
– Currently, an ASTM workgroup is developing a small-chamber emissions test protocol for chemical
compounds specific to SPF that include MDI, blowing agents, flame retardants and catalysts.

7.4 NATURAL OIL POLYOLS

Natural Oil Polyols, or NOPs, are being used in some spray foam formulations, as some manufacturers are using
renewable materials in their formulation to help differentiate their products from conventional petroleum-based
materials. NOPs may include vegetable oils such as soy, castor, glycerin and rapeseed. This LCA was based on
conventional petroleum-based polyols, as these are the most widely used in the industry and more representative
of most current spray foam formulations.

7.5 LOW-GWP BLOWING AGENTS FOR SPF

This EPD is based on an LCA of SPF products that use HFC-134a and HFC-245fa as blowing agents. Because of
the high global warming potential factor of HFC-134a and HFC-245fa (1,430 and 1,030 kg CO2-eq./kg,
respectively, over a 100 year time horizon) the emissions of these blowing agents account for approximately 85%
of the global warming potential life cycle results for HFC containing foams.
A concurrent EPD study was also conducted for SPF products with low GWP blowing agents – hydrofluoroolefins
(HFOs) (SPFA, 2018). Despite being released at the same rate over the course of the life of the product as HFCs,
HFOs have a substantially lower contribution to GWP due to their GWP characterization factor being less than 1
CO2-eq, over a 100 year time horizon (IPCC, 2006).

19 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

Appendix: List of Applicable Manufacturers and

Products. Updated 07/13/2021
Open-Cell Closed-Cell (HFC) Roofing (HFC) 2K LP (HFC)

Carlisle Spray
Foam SealTite PRO Open-Cell SealTite PRO Closed Cell PremiSeal 40/60/70/80
Insulation
And SealTite PRO High-Yield RoofTite 40/60/70/80 SPF
Carlisle Roof
Foam and SealTite PRO No Mix
Coatings
SealTite PRO No Trim 21
SealTite PRO OCX

BASF Enertite (all lines) Walltite US Skytite C1

Walltite HP+ Skytite C2
Spraytite SP Skytite C5
Spraytite 81206
Spraytite 178

TNS® Spray Foam

DAP
Insulation and Sealant.
TNF Pro ® Spray Foam
Insulation and Sealant.

Demilec
Sealection® 500 Heatlok® XT
(Huntsman)
Agribalance® Heatlok Soy® 200+
Demilec APX® 1.2
Sealection® NM
Demilec APX® 2.0

DuPont FROTH-PAK™ Insulation

(formely Dow) and Sealant

General Ultra-Thane 230 2.5

Ultra Thane 050 Ultra-Thane 230 2.0
Coatings Roofing
Ultra-Thane 230 2.7
Ultra Thane 050 Max Ultra-Thane 202
Roofing
Ultra-Thane 230 3.0
Ultra Thane 050 OCX Ultra-Thane 202 HL
Roofing
Ultra Thane 050 Max
UPC 1.7 UPC 2.5 HFC
Pro
UPC 500 UPC 2.0 UPC 2.7 HFC
UPC 500 Max UPC 2.0 HL UPC 3.0 HFC
20 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087
 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

UPC 500 OCX UPC 2.0 Max

UPC 500 Max Pro

Gaco-Western
(Firestone- GacoProFill GacoOnePass GacoRoofFoam
Gaco)
GacoEZSpray Gaco 183M
Gaco 183M-CAN
GacoFireStop2
(Canada)
Gaco 052N
GacoInsulBarrier
(Canada)

ICP Adhesives HandiFoam® E84 Spray

and Sealants Foam
HandiFoam® Air Seal

Icynene-
Lapolla Classic™ ProSeal™ LPA 2500
(Huntsman)
Classic Ultra™ ProSeal LE™ LPA 2800
Classic Ultra Select™ MD-C-200™ LPA 3000
Classic Plus™ FOAM-LOK® FL2000 LPA 3500
FOAM-LOK® FL400
FOAM-LOK® FL450
FOAM-LOK® FL500
FOAM-LOK® FL750

Johns-
JM Corbond ocSPF JM Corbond® III
Manville
JM Corbond® III -
JM Corbond OCX SPF
Canada
JM MCS+ Closed Cell
JM Closed Cell ND
JM Corbond® 2.8

NCFI
InsulStar®Light InsulStar®
Polyurethanes EnduraTech®
InsulStar®0.75 InsulBloc®

SES Sucraseal™ 0.5 SES 2.4/3.3 Series

EasySeal.5

21 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

References
EN 15804: Sustainability of construction works, Environmental product declarations, Core rules for the product
category of construction products. (2013). European Committee for Standardization.

EPA. (2012). Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) -
User's Manual. Washington, D.C.: US EPA.

Honeywell International. (n.d.). Predictive Model for Polyurethane Blowing Agent Emissions into a House. Buffalo.

Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University. (2012, October). CML-IA database v4.1.
Netherlands.

IPCC. (2006). Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 5: Waste; IPCC Waste Model.
Retrieved from http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol5.html

ISO. (2006). ISO 14025: Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles
and procedures. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.

ISO. (2006). ISO 14040: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines.
Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.

ISO. (2006). ISO 14044: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework.
Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.

ISO. (2017). ISO 21930: Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works -- Core rules for environmental
product declarations of construction products and services. Geneva: International Organization for
Standardization.

Kjeldsen, P., & Jensen, M. (2001). Release of CFC-11 from Disposal of Polyurethane Foam Waste.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 3055-3063.

SCS Global Services. (2015). North American PCR for Designated Steel Construction Products.

SPFA. (2018). Environmental Product Declaration: Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation. ASTM.

thinkstep. (2016). GaBi LCA Database Documentation. Retrieved from thinkstep AG: http://www.gabi-
software.com/international/databases/gabi-databases/.

UL Environment. (2018). Product Category Rules (PCR) Guidance for Building-Related Products and Services
Part B: Building Building Envelope Thermal Insulation EPD Requirements, UL 10010–1 (v2.0).

UL Environment. (2018). Product Category Rules for Building-Related Products and Services - Part A: Life Cycle
Assessment Calculation Rules and Report Requirements, UL 10010 (v3.1).

Contact Information
STUDY COMMISSIONER

Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance

11 Hope Road, Suite 111 #308
Stafford, VA 22554
www.sprayfoam.org

22 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087

 ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION – SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION (HFC)

LCA PRACTITIONER
thinkstep, Inc.
170 Milk St. 3rd floor
Boston, MA 02109
+1 617-247-4477
info@thinkstep.com
www.thinkstep.com

23 Declaration Number: ASTM-EPD087