Tableau 10

Data Connections
 What’s In It For Me

List the methods to prepare data for Tableau

Describe how to connect data to Tableau

Explain how the Tableau data engine optimizes

performance

Understand how to create and use data extracts

Data Connections
Topic 1: Preparing Data for Tableau
 Preparing Data for Tableau
TABLEAU TOOLS

It is important to format data before it can be analyzed using Tableau; this helps to save time and prevent
errors.

Tableau offers the following tools to help prep data for analysis:

Data Data Splits Metadata Pivot Union Data

Joins Blending Grid View Interpreter
(From one or
more
databases)
 Preparing Data for Tableau
DATA JOINS

• A dataset is typically made up of a collection of tables related by specific fields or columns.

• The Joining method is used to combine the related data in those common fields.

• A Join results in a virtual table that is typically extended horizontally by adding columns.
 Preparing Data for Tableau
DATA JOINS: EXAMPLE

Shown here is the analysis of data on product sales with two files:

Product Sales: LEFT Table Product Profits: RIGHT TABLE

The product ID field serves as the primary key to join the data from the two sets.
 Preparing Data for Tableau
TYPES OF JOINS

The resulting table includes data that is present in BOTH data sets.

Inner
Venn Diagram
Left

Right

Full Outer
 Preparing Data for Tableau
TYPES OF JOINS

The resulting table contains all values from the LEFT table and any matches from the RIGHT table.
When a value in the LEFT table doesn’t have a corresponding match in the RIGHT table, you see a null
value in the data grid.

Inner
Venn Diagram
Left

Right

Full Outer
 Preparing Data for Tableau
TYPES OF JOINS

The resulting table contains all values from the RIGHT table and any matches from the LEFT table.
When a value in the RIGHT table doesn’t have a corresponding match in the LEFT table, you see a null
value in the data grid.
Inner
Venn Diagram
Left

Right

Full Outer
 Preparing Data for Tableau
TYPES OF JOINS

The resulting table contains all values from BOTH tables. When a value from EITHER table doesn't
have a match with the other table, you see a null value in the data grid.

Inner
Venn Diagram
Left

Right

Full Outer
 Preparing Data for Tableau
JOINS FROM DATABASE

Tableau facilitates creating joins in two ways:

Single Cross database

database joins Joins
 Preparing Data for Tableau
SINGLE DATABASE JOINS

Joining tables from the same database requires only a single connection in the data source.

Tableau Data
Database
Engine
Demo—Perform a Single Database Join
 Preparing Data for Tableau
CROSS DATABASE JOINS

• Cross-database Joins require setting up a multi-connection data source by creating a new connection
to each database.

• Multi-connection data sources are helpful when different internal systems are used.

Database 1

Tableau Data
Engine Database 2
Demo—Perform a Cross Database Join
 Data Blending

• Blending is a method of combining related data from multiple sources in a single view in order to analyze it.
• There is always one primary data source, while the rest become secondary data sources.

Primary Data Source Secondary Data Source Secondary Data Source

Tableau identifies
common dimensions
within the data sources
so that the user knows
which fields can be
used.

Blending does not create joins at the row level; instead, it automatically creates an outer join to
the secondary source(s).
 Data Blending
BLEND VS JOIN

When to use a Blend: When to use a Join:

• You have to combine data from • Your data format is consistent across
different databases that do not all sources.
support cross-table joins. • You are working with relatively small
• Data within the different sources are amounts of data.
at different levels of detail. • Data within each source is at the
• Using a Join causes duplicate rows. same level of detail.
• You are working with large amounts
of data
 Splits

Splitting data from one field into multiple columns is used often in data preparation.

Example:

City: Denver

City/State: Denver CO

State: CO

This was typically remedied in Excel with the “Text to Columns” function.
 Splits
AUTOMATIC SPLITS
• A string field can be split automatically based on a common separator that Tableau detects (space or
underscore).
• This split can be used to automatically separate a field’s value into a maximum of ten new fields,
depending on the type of data connection.
 Splits
CUSTOM SPLITS

The custom split can also separate a string field into a maximum of ten new fields based on a separator
within the original field.
 Splits
CUSTOM SPLITS

You can choose to split the values at:

• The first n occurrences of the separator
• The last n occurrences of the separator
• All the occurrences of the separator
Last
Last
AllAll
 Metadata Grid
• When preparing data for analysis, a list of fields is sometimes more useful than the data preview.

• The Metadata Grid view in Tableau allows you to quickly perform actions, such as rename, hide, and
others, on multiple fields with a single command.
 Pivot
Data is often not organized as a typical data set: field names along the columns and members along the rows.
Example:

The Pivot function in Tableau allows you to select the columns you want to manipulate and format them into
a typical data set ready for analysis.
 Union

• Data often also resides in multiple, separate files and may need to be combined into a “master file.”
• Tableau’s “Union” feature helps you assemble data from multiple small files into one large file.
 Data Interpreter

• This function automatically “cleans” your data and preps it for analysis.
• Examples of items that need to be cleaned prior to analysis:
o Merged cells
o Titles
o Footnotes
o Blank rows or columns
Data Connections
Topic 2: Connecting Data to Tableau
 Connecting Data to Tableau

We can connect data to Tableau in one of the following ways:

Data sources Queries Web data through Local files

published to web data
Tableau Server connectors
 Connecting Data to Tableau
TABLEAU SERVER

With a Tableau Server deployment, you can:

• post and access data sources published to an instance of

Tableau server
• connect to the data “live” or generate an extract from the
data source
• schedule automatic data extract refreshes

Data sources Queries Web data Local files

published to through web
Tableau Server data connectors
Demo—Connecting to a Data Source Through Tableau Server
 Connecting Data to Tableau
SQL QUERIES

You can create a connection to an SQL database such as MySQL or Microsoft SQL
Server.

Data sources Queries Web data Local files

published to through web
Tableau Server data connectors
 Connecting Data to Tableau
WEB DATA CONNECTORS

• With Tableau, you can connect to applications such as Google Analytics, Market, Salesforce, and others.
• For other applications, Tableau includes a wizard for building custom web data connectors.

Data sources Queries Web data Local files

published to through web
Tableau Server data connectors
 Connecting Data to Tableau
LOCAL FILES

These can be

• Text files
• Spreadsheets
• Statistical files such as SAS, tab/character delimited
• Tableau extracts/workbooks/data sources

Data sources Queries Web data Local files

published to through web
Tableau Server data connectors
Demo—Connecting to Flat Files
Data Connections
Topic 3: Methods of Performance Optimization
 Methods of Performance Optimization
RUNNING QUERIES IN PARALLEL
Running
Queries in
Parallel Running queries in parallel instead of serially is an effective way to boost performance.

Data Engine Sub-Query

Vectorization Execution
Disk

External End User Query Sub-Query

Query Execution
Caching Disk

Sub-Query
Query Fusion Execution
Disk
 Methods of Performance Optimization
DATA ENGINE VECTORIZATION
Running
Queries in
Parallel

Data Engine Tableau’s data engine takes advantage of vector instructions on current processors.
Vectorization

The data engine uses SIMD instructions to perform low-level operations such as plus,
minus, divide, min, max, sum, etc., on multiple data in parallel.
External
Query
Caching This means that basic computations can be performed more quickly.

Query Fusion
 Methods of Performance Optimization
EXTERNAL QUERY CACHING
Running
Queries in
Parallel

Data Engine
Vectorization
• Tableau saves query results from the previous time the dashboard was opened.

• A single short query is run to fetch the cache data when the workbook is opened.
External
Query
Caching

Query Fusion
 Methods of Performance Optimization
QUERY FUSION
Running
Queries in
Parallel

Data Engine
Vectorization

This is a technology for database connections that looks at all of the queries in the dashboard
and finds ways to consolidate them into fewer queries.
External
Query
Caching

Query Fusion
Data Connections
Topic 4: Tableau Data Extract Capabilities
 Tableau Data Extracts

Data from your data source can be “extracted” into a file called a Tableau data extract; it
transforms data into a Tableau-friendly format, improving query efficiency.

Custom filters can Custom aggregations

limit the scope of can minimize the
information included Tableau includes
amount of data loaded
in an extract. functionalities for
into the extract.
creating data extracts
that are compact and
Extract refreshes can offer lightning-fast Extracts can also be
be executed through a performance: published to Tableau
schedule (with Server for sharing.
Tableau Server).
Demo—Creating a Data Extract
QUIZ When should you use a Blend instead of a Join to combine data?
1

a. Data within the sources are at different levels of detail

b. You are working with large data sets

c. You need to combine data from sources that don’t support cross-table joins

d. All of the above

 QUIZ When should you use a Blend instead of a Join to combine data?
1

a. Data within the sources are at different levels of detail

b. You are working with large data sets

c. You need to combine data from sources that don’t support cross-table joins

d. All of the above

The correct answer is d.

In each of these situations, you should consider using a Blend instead of a Join to combine data from
different databases.

©Simplilearn. All rights reserved

QUIZ The Tableau _______ function separates a string field into multiple string fields.
2

a. Union

b. Join

c. Split

d. Data Interpreter
 QUIZ The Tableau _______ function separates a string field into multiple string fields.
2

a. Union

b. Join

c. Split

d. Data Interpreter

The correct answer is c.

The Split function is used to separate a string field into multiple string fields.

©Simplilearn. All rights reserved

 Technology for database connections that will look at all of the queries in your dashboard and find
QUIZ ways to consolidate them into fewer queries is called ________.
3

a. Query fusion

b. Parallel aggregation

c. Data Engine Vectorization

d. Query optimization
 Technology for database connections that will look at all of the queries in your dashboard and find
QUIZ ways to consolidate them into fewer queries is called ________.
3

a. Query fusion

b. Parallel aggregation

c. Data Engine Vectorization

d. Query optimization

The correct answer is a.

Query fusion is a technology that examines all queries in your dashboard and consolidates them to reduce
the number of queries hitting your processors.

©Simplilearn. All rights reserved

 DESKTOP 10
Tableau
Guided Exercise

©Simplilearn. All rights reserved

 Problem Statement

Genelia needs to analyze Sales data for her company, and the data she needs is
coming from multiple databases. The data sources include Excel spreadsheet files,
an SQL database, and Salesforce.com. Additionally, the data is at different levels of
detail and forms an extremely large data set.

• Which tools should she consider to prepare the data for analysis?

• Should she attempt to combine the data with a Blend or a Join?

• What steps should she consider to ensure that queries are executed efficiently?
 Solution

• Which tools should she consider to prepare the data for analysis?

Genelia should consider the Union functionality to combine the Excel-based data.
She should use the Pivot functionality to align the levels of detail within the different databases.

• Should she attempt to combine the data with a Blend or a Join?

Given that she is working with a large set of data, and the data sources are at different levels of
detail, she should use a Blend to combine the data.

• What can she do to ensure his queries are executed efficiently?

Genelia should consider creating a Tableau data extract and filter out data that is not necessary
for this analysis. This will improve the performance of her queries.
 Key Takeaways

Data is rarely clean, tidy, and complete, and it is typically not in

one file or even one type of file.

A good BI professional takes her time to understand data prior

to using it for analysis with a BI tool like Tableau.

Tableau offers a suite of functions that help the user automate

as much of the data preparation as possible.

Tableau can point to several different types of files—from a

simple Excel file to a custom, complex SQL database

Data extracts in Tableau come in very handy as they can boost

performance, get refreshed automatically, and limit the scope
of your data.
This concludes “Data Connections.”